Finland's Strategy for the Arctic Region

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Finland’s Strategy for the Arctic Region

Prime Minister’s Ofﬁce Publications 8/2010

Finland’s Strategy for the Arctic Region

Prime Minister’s Ofﬁce Publications | 8/2010

Publisher DESCRIPTION PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE 5 July 2010 Type of publication Commissioned by Publication Prime Ministers’s Ofﬁce Name of publication Finland’s Strategy for the Arctic Region

Abstract Finland’s Strategy for the Arctic Region deﬁnes the goals of Finland’s Arctic policy and means for their promotion. It discusses the region’s security, environment, economy, infrastructure, indigenous peoples, international institutions and the European Union’s Arctic policy. The fundamental observations of the Strategy deal with the utilisation of Finland’s Arctic know-how, research, strengthening of the Arctic Council and development of the EU’s Arctic policy. The Strategy was prepared by a working group appointed by the Prime Minister’s Ofﬁce, for which all ministries were able to name their representatives. The Strategy emphasises external relations and was submitted to the Finnish Parliament as a report. The Advisory Board on Arctic Affairs, appointed by the Government, will play a central role in future work on the report.

Keywords Report, Arctic Region, Finland’s Strategy for the Arctic Region Name of series and number of publication Language Number of pages Prime Minister’s Office Publications 8/2010 En 94 ISBN (print) ISBN (PDF) ISSN 978-952-5896-09-1 978-952-5896-10-7 0783-1609 Publisher Distribution and sales Prime Minister’s Office Helsinki University Print Bookstore Publication as a PDF: www.vnk.fi/english www.yliopistopaino.fi/bookstore Further information: julkaisut@vnk.fi Orders: books@yliopistopaino.fi Layout Confidentiality rating Printed by Prime Minister’s Office Public Helsinki University Print, Anja Järvinen Helsinki, 2010

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 7 1.1 The Arctic Region and Finland ...... 8 1.2 Global signiﬁcance of the Arctic ...... 9

2 FRAGILE ARCTIC NATURE ...... 13 2.1 Climate change ...... 14 2.2 Pollution of the environment ...... 15 2.3 Biodiversity ...... 16

3 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND KNOW-HOW ...... 18 3.1 Natural resources ...... 19 3.2 Know-how and research ...... 20

4 TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 24 4.1 Transport, communications and logistics networks in Northern Finland ...... 24 4.2 Increasing trafﬁc volumes in northern sea routes ...... 26 4.3 Safety of shipping ...... 28

5 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ...... 30 5.1 General about indigenous peoples ...... 30 5.2 The Sámi in Finland ...... 31

6 ARCTIC POLICY TOOLS ...... 34 6.1 Global level ...... 35 6.2 Regional level ...... 37 6.3 Bilateral cooperation...... 41 6.4 Funding ...... 42

7 THE EU AND THE ARCTIC REGION ...... 44 7.1 The EU as a global Arctic player ...... 45 7.2 The importance of the Barents Region to the EU ...... 47 7.3 The Northern Dimension as a tool in the European Union’s Arctic policy ...... 48

8 CONCLUSIONS: OBJECTIVES AND PROPOSALS FOR ACTION ...... 52

9 APPENDICES ...... 56

1 INTRODUCTION

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23 4 TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE

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33 6 ARCTIC POLICY TOOLS

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43 7 THE EU AND THE ARCTIC REGION

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51 8 CONCLUSIONS: OBJECTIVES AND PROPOSALS FOR ACTION

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