TIMELINE Birdoswald Roman Fort

This resource has been designed to help teachers plan a visit to Birdoswald Roman Fort, which offers fascinating insight into life in a Roman fort and the building of Hadrian’s Wall. Use this pack in the classroom to help students get the most out of their learning about Roman Britain.

Get in touch with our Education Bookings Team: 0370 333 0606 [email protected]  https://bookings.english-heritage.org.uk/education Don’t forget to download our Hazard Information Sheets to help with planning. Share your visit with us @EHEducation

The English Heritage Trust is a charity, no. 1140351, and a company, no. 07447221, registered in England. All images are copyright of English Heritage or Historic England unless otherwise stated. Published March 2018 ROMANS AD 43–410

AD 41–54 AD 60 AD 100 c.AD 162 AD 193 –211 AD 305–6 AD 360 AD 476 Reign of Emperor Claudius. Boudica’s rebellion against The frontier of Roman occupation The Roman Reign of Emperor Reign of Constantius Chlorus. Celtic tribes attack End of the Western Roman Empire. Roman rule. falls back to the Tyne–Solway line. garrisons abandon Septimius Severus. the Roman frontier the Antonine Wall in the north. and return to AD 117–38 Hadrian’s Wall. AD 337–50 Reign of Emperor Hadrian. Reign of Emperor Constans I. AD 43 AD 83 Claudius lands at The conquering of Britain Richborough, Kent, and reaches Inverness, after AD 122 AD 342 governor Agricola defeats leads the successful Roman Building of Hadrian’s Wall begins. AD 286 invasion of Britain. the Caledonians at the Constans is forced to come to Britain to deal Battle of Mons Graupius. Military commander Carausius declares with rebellions from the Celtic tribes in the himself emperor of Britannia. Saxon raiding north of England. AD 138–61 ships begin appearing along the coasts. Reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius. AD 48 AD 87 The Roman Army conquers Roman troops are withdrawn AD 142–54 AD 296 the south of England. from Britain to fight on another

EVENTS IN AND ROMAN EVENTS ENGLISH HISTORY Constantius Chlorus defeats Antoninus orders the building frontier in the empire. Carausius’ successors and returns of the Antonine Wall, 100 miles Britain to the Roman Empire. north of Hadrian’s Wall. AD 43 AD 100 AD 200 AD 300 AD 400 AD 500

AD 205–8 c.AD 409 c.AD 122 c.AD 305 The granaries are built at the fort. The garrison return to Birdoswald The local population of Birdoswald is no Birdoswald fort is built in timber as one of The barrack blocks are rebuilt. the 16 garrison forts along Hadrian’s Wall. Roman Fort. The commander’s residence longer under Roman rule. is rebuilt. The headquarters and fort It guarded the bridge over the river Irthing. The ‘vicus’ (civilian settlement) around the Evidence shows that some of the garrison baths are repaired around this time. fort expands during the 3rd century. and civilians stay living at the fort, becoming a self-sufficient community.

c.AD 276 c.AD 350 c.AD 130 Evidence suggests that Birdoswald fort is The north granary Birdoswald fort is rebuilt in stone. abandoned. It is possible that the troops are collapses. The south sent to defend against Saxon raiding ships granary is refurbished, that had appeared in the North Sea. probably to use as a hall.

AD 163 The garrison return to Birdoswald Roman Fort from the Antonine Wall. HISTORY OF BIRDOSWALD ROMAN FORT ROMAN OF BIRDOSWALD HISTORY

1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY CENTURY

BIRDOSWALD ROMAN FORT TIMELINE