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Genetic Structure of Taiga Bean Goose in Central Scandinavia
Bird Conservation International, page 1 of 14. © BirdLife International, 2018 doi:10.1017/S0959270918000205 Birds of different feather flock together - genetic structure of Taiga Bean Goose in Central Scandinavia ADRIAAN DE JONG, ODDMUND KLEVEN, JAN EIVIND ØSTNES, ROLF TERJE KROGLUND, ISAK VAHLSTRÖM, JAN NILSSON and GÖRAN SPONG Summary During their flightless summer moult, Taiga Bean Geese Anser fabalis fabalis gather at commu- nal moulting sites. Individuals from the Nord-Trøndelag breeding area in Norway have been observed to join with local individuals on moulting sites in Vilhelmina Municipality, Sweden. These two groups show distinct features in breeding habitat and migratory behaviour, but are they also genetically distinct? We used 12 microsatellite loci for genotyping 109 blood, feather and faecal samples from three sampling areas (Røyrvik in Norway and Stalon and Nästansjö in Sweden) to examine genetic diversity and structure. Clustering and Principal Coordinate analyses of all samples unveiled at least two distinct clusters, which were unevenly distributed over the sampling sites. Grouped by sampling sites, AMOVA and FST analyses showed that samples from the three sites differed genetically. These differences were larger between Røyrvik and Nästansjö than between Stalon and the other two. Relatedness was high among the Røyrvik samples. From our results we conclude that one of the clusters describes the Røyrvik breeding subpopulation, while the other(s) breed mainly in Sweden. Although these subpopulations simultaneously use the same moulting area in Vilhelmina, they appear to be ecologically, behaviourally and genetically distinct, in particular the Røyrvik sub-population. For goose conservation and management, we suggest that the Nord-Trøndelag (Røyrvik) subpopulation is considered a separate flyway man- agement unit. -
Egg Retrieval by Blue Geese.--Lorenz and Tinbergen (1938)
202 General Notes [Auk, Vol. 90 Egg retrieval by Blue Geese.--Lorenz and Tinbergen (1938) used egg-retrieval behavior of Greylag Geese (Anser anser) to study simple instinctive motor patterns with an orienting component (taxis). They consideredthat such innate motor patterns "may have great taxonomic value for a species,a gentis, or even for a whole phylum." Poulsen (1953), finding the behavior to be present in several distinct systematicgroups concludedthat egg-retrieval behavior had evolved convergently in these groupsand could not be used as a taxonomiccharacter. He listed 42 species representing12 orders that rolled displacedeggs back into nests and only 2 orders (Pelecaniformes,Passedformes) that did not. There was no variation between species within an order; either all speciestested retrieved eggs or none did. Poulsen (1953: 32) and Sowks (1955: 101-102) together list 12 speciesof Anseriformesthat re- trieved eggs (Cygnus 2, Anser 4, Tadorna 1, Anas 3, Aythya 2). It is thus of interest that no female Blue Geese (Anser caerulescens) of 10 tested by Gooch (1958: 102) retrieved displaced eggs. As Gooch pointed out, the absenceof egg- retrieval behavior in the Blue Goose, a speciesthat has been included in the New World genus Chen (A.O.U., 1957) might have taxonomic significanceat the generic level. The observations reported here show that the proclivity and ability to re- trieve eggs is well-developed in Blue Geese. Several authorities (e.g. Delacour and Mayr, 1945; Johnsgard, 1965) have regarded Chen as invalid, placing it in Anser. Both Blue and LesserSnow Geeseare regardedin this paper as color phasesof the polymorphic subspeciesAnser c. -
Three Species of Siberian Geese Seen in Nebraska Rick Wright Nebraska Ornithologists' Union
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nebraska Bird Review Nebraska Ornithologists' Union 3-1985 Three Species of Siberian Geese Seen in Nebraska Rick Wright Nebraska Ornithologists' Union Alan Grenon Nebraska Ornithologists' Union Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nebbirdrev Part of the Ornithology Commons, Poultry or Avian Science Commons, and the Zoology Commons Wright, Rick and Grenon, Alan, "Three Species of Siberian Geese Seen in Nebraska" (1985). Nebraska Bird Review. 937. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nebbirdrev/937 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nebraska Ornithologists' Union at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Bird Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Wright, Grenon & Rose, "Three Species of Siberian Geese Seen in Nebraska," from Nebraska Bird Review (March 1985) 53(1). Copyright 1985, Nebraska Ornithologists' Union. Used by permission. Nebraska Bird Review 3 THREE SPECIES OF' SIBERIAN GEESE SEEN IN NEBRASKA At about 3:00 PM on 29 December 1984, whi~e participating in the DeSoto NWR Christmas Count, Betty Grenon, David Starr, and the authors, Rick Wright and AIan Grenon, flushed from near the west shore of the DeSoto Cut-off (Washington Co., Nebraska) a party of seven Greater White-fronted Geese. With these seven geese was one distinctly larger, which drew our attention as the small flock flew above us for about five minutes. The larger bird displayed obvious damage to or loss of primaries on each wing, making it easier for the four of us to concentrate our observations on it and compare our impressions. -
Recent Introgression Between Taiga Bean Goose and Tundra Bean Goose Results in a Largely Homogeneous Landscape of Genetic Differentiation
Heredity (2020) 125:73–84 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-020-0322-z ARTICLE Recent introgression between Taiga Bean Goose and Tundra Bean Goose results in a largely homogeneous landscape of genetic differentiation 1 2 3 1 Jente Ottenburghs ● Johanna Honka ● Gerard J. D. M. Müskens ● Hans Ellegren Received: 12 December 2019 / Revised: 11 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 / Published online: 26 May 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Several studies have uncovered a highly heterogeneous landscape of genetic differentiation across the genomes of closely related species. Specifically, genetic differentiation is often concentrated in particular genomic regions (“islands of differentiation”) that might contain barrier loci contributing to reproductive isolation, whereas the rest of the genome is homogenized by introgression. Alternatively, linked selection can produce differentiation islands in allopatry without introgression. We explored the influence of introgression on the landscape of genetic differentiation in two hybridizing goose taxa: the Taiga Bean Goose (Anser fabalis) and the Tundra Bean Goose (A. serrirostris). We re-sequenced the whole 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: genomes of 18 individuals (9 of each taxon) and, using a combination of population genomic summary statistics and demographic modeling, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of these birds. Next, we quantified the impact of introgression on the build-up and maintenance of genetic differentiation. We found evidence for a scenario of allopatric divergence (about 2.5 million years ago) followed by recent secondary contact (about 60,000 years ago). Subsequent introgression events led to high levels of gene flow, mainly from the Tundra Bean Goose into the Taiga Bean Goose. -
4 East Dongting Lake P3-19
3 The functional use of East Dongting Lake, China, by wintering geese ANTHONY D. FOX1, CAO LEI2*, MARK BARTER3, EILEEN C. REES4, RICHARD D. HEARN4, CONG PEI HAO2, WANG XIN2, ZHANG YONG2, DOU SONG TAO2 & SHAO XU FANG2 1Department of Wildlife Ecology and Biodiversity, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Kalø, Grenåvej 14, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark. 2School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China. 321 Chivalry Avenue, Glen Waverley, Victoria 3150, Australia. 4Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire GL2 7BT, UK. *Correspondence author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A survey and study of geese wintering at the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, China, in February 2008 revealed internationally important numbers of Lesser White-fronted Geese Anser erythropus, Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons and Bean Geese Anser fabilis using the site, as well as small numbers of Greylag Geese Anser anser. Only five Swan Geese Anser cygnoides were recorded, compared with several hundreds in the 1990s. Globally important numbers of Lesser White-fronted Geese spend the majority of daylight hours feeding on short grassland and sedge meadows within the core reserve areas of the National Nature Reserve, and also roost there at night. Greater White-fronted Geese were not studied in detail, but showed similar behaviour. Large numbers of Bean Geese of both serrirostris and middendorffi races showed differing feeding strategies. The small numbers of serrirostris tended to roost and feed in or near the reserve on short grassland, as did small proportions of middendorffi. However, the majority of middendorffi slept within the confines of the reserve by day and flew out at dusk, to nocturnal feeding areas at least 40 km north on the far side of the Yangtze River, returning 40–80 min after first light. -
The History of Potato- Eating by Wildfowl in Britain
The history of potato- eating by wildfowl in Britain Janet Kear Summary T h e development of potato-eating and swede turnip-eating b y wildfowl is linked to agricultural changes and climatic conditions in Britain. The tradition of taking waste potatoes from harvested fields began in Scotland among Mallard at least a century ago. A few Lancashire Pink-footed Geese acquired the habit about 30 years later, although potato-eating did not bccomc widespread until the 1920’s. On the other hand, Scottish Greylag Geese and some Whooper Swans have selected a regular diet of potatoes for only 20-30 years. Turnip-eating has been sporadic in bad weather among Whooper Swans in Aberdeenshire and became traditional after 1947 in the Greylag flocks on the Isle of Bute. The techniques used by the birds in dealing w’ith roots are briefly described. Land drainage and the shift of arable cultivation, so much a part of agricultural history in Britain, are not wholly inimical to wildfowl. Indeed the ease with which many species have accommodated themselves to new foods is both remarkable and worthy of detailed study in the context of conservation. An undisturbed roost, generally a body of water, remains essential but wildfowl have shown increasing readiness to forage many miles away. Further, the flooding of new reservoirs has enabled the birds to exploit areas in which hitherto they were seldom present. Agricultural changes There is little doubt that the first product of agriculture to be utilised by wildfowl was spilled grain from the stubbles of harvested cereal fields. -
(Icelandic-Breeding & Feral Populations) in Ireland
An assessment of the distribution range of Greylag (Icelandic-breeding & feral populations) in Ireland Helen Boland & Olivia Crowe Final report to the National Parks and Wildlife Service and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency December 2008 Address for correspondence: BirdWatch Ireland, 1 Springmount, Newtownmountkennedy, Co. Wicklow. Phone: + 353 1 2819878 Fax: + 353 1 2819763 Email: [email protected] Table of contents Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 2 Methods......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Results........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Coverage................................................................................................................................................... 3 Distribution ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Site accounts............................................................................................................................................ -
The Mystery of Anser Neglectus Sushkin, 1897. Victim of the Tunguska Disaster? a Hungarian Story
Ornis Hungarica 2019. 27(2): 20–58. DOI: 10.2478/orhu-2019-0014 The mystery of Anser neglectus Sushkin, 1897. Victim of the Tunguska disaster? A Hungarian story Jacques VAN IMPE Received: April 08, 2019 – Revised: August 10, 2019 – Accepted: October 31, 2019 Van Impe, J. 2019. The mystery of Anser neglectus Sushkin, 1897. Victim of the Tunguska dis- aster? A Hungarian story. – Ornis Hungarica 27(2): 20–58. DOI: 10.2478/orhu-2019-0014 Abstract The well-known Russian ornithologist Prof. Peter Sushkin described it as a distinct species from Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) in 1897, a highly acclaimed discovery. However, its breeding grounds never been discovered. Since then, there has been a long-standing debate over the taxonom- ic position of Anser neglectus. Taxonomists have argued that Anser neglectus belongs to the group of A. fabalis Lath. because of its close resemblance with A. f. fabalis. At the beginning of the 20th century, large numbers of the Sushkin’s goose were observed in three winter quar- ters: on two lakes in the Republic of Bachkortostan, in the surroundings of the town of Tashkent in the Republic Uzbekistan, and in the puszta Hortobágy in eastern Hungary. It is a pity that taxonomists did not thoroughly com- pare the Russian and Hungarian ornithological papers concerning the former presence of Anser neglectus in these areas, because these rich sources refer to characteristics that would cast serious doubt on the classification ofAns - er neglectus as a subspecies, an individual variation or mutation of A. f. fabalis. Sushkin’s goose, though a typical Taiga Bean Goose, distinguished itself from other taxa of the Bean Goose by its plumage, its field identification, by its specific “Gé-gé” call, the size of its bill, and by its preference for warm and dry winter haunts. -
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107 Changes in numbers of staging and wintering geese in Sweden: 1977/78–2019/20 LEIF NILSSON1,* & HAKON KAMPE-PERSSON2 1Department of Biology, Biodiversity, University of Lund, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. 2Pulma i, Gl das pagasts, Jelgavas novads, LV-3040 N kotne, Latvia. *Correspondence author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Regular goose counts made throughout Sweden since 1977/78 show that the total numbers staging and wintering in the country have increased markedly over the decades. October totals were of 51,000 geese in 1977, rising to c. 600,000 in 2018, during which time January totals also increased from 31,000 to 252,000 birds. The greatest change recorded was for the Greylag Goose Anser anser, numbers of which rose from 20,000 to > 250,000 individuals over a 35-year period. Changes in migration and wintering habits have also been recorded, with mid-winter (January) Greylag Goose numbers now amounting to 20–33% of the September totals in recent years, illustrating increases in the proportion of the population now wintering in the country. Moreover, large numbers of Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis have started to stage and over-winter in Sweden, and are now becoming the commonest species, with 365,000 recorded in autumn 2019. Key words: autumn, goose counts, migration patterns, population increase, winter. During recent decades, most Northwest which was formerly widespread across European goose populations have increased the Scandinavian mountain chain but is markedly (Madsen et al. 1999; Fox et al. now reduced to very few breeding pairs, 2010; Fox & Madsen 2017; Fox & Leafloor mainly in Norway, with a re-introduced 2018), with some reaching levels where population occurring in Sweden (Andersson they have come into conflict with & Holmqvist 2010; Fox & Leafloor agriculture when feeding on crops causes 2018). -
A Molecular Phylogeny of Anseriformes Based on Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23 (2002) 339–356 www.academicpress.com A molecular phylogeny of anseriformes based on mitochondrial DNA analysis Carole Donne-Goussee,a Vincent Laudet,b and Catherine Haanni€ a,* a CNRS UMR 5534, Centre de Genetique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 rue Raphael Dubois, Ba^t. Mendel, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France b CNRS UMR 5665, Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 45 Allee d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France Received 5 June 2001; received in revised form 4 December 2001 Abstract To study the phylogenetic relationships among Anseriformes, sequences for the complete mitochondrial control region (CR) were determined from 45 waterfowl representing 24 genera, i.e., half of the existing genera. To confirm the results based on CR analysis we also analyzed representative species based on two mitochondrial protein-coding genes, cytochrome b (cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). These data allowed us to construct a robust phylogeny of the Anseriformes and to compare it with existing phylogenies based on morphological or molecular data. Chauna and Dendrocygna were identified as early offshoots of the Anseriformes. All the remaining taxa fell into two clades that correspond to the two subfamilies Anatinae and Anserinae. Within Anserinae Branta and Anser cluster together, whereas Coscoroba, Cygnus, and Cereopsis form a relatively weak clade with Cygnus diverging first. Five clades are clearly recognizable among Anatinae: (i) the Anatini with Anas and Lophonetta; (ii) the Aythyini with Aythya and Netta; (iii) the Cairinini with Cairina and Aix; (iv) the Mergini with Mergus, Bucephala, Melanitta, Callonetta, So- materia, and Clangula, and (v) the Tadornini with Tadorna, Chloephaga, and Alopochen. -
Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically
Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose -
Variation in the Belly Barrings of the Greenland White-Fronted Goose Anser Albifrons Flavirostris
B e l l y b a r r i n g o f W h it e -f r o n t s 21 Variation in the belly barrings of the Greenland White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons flavirostris J. N. Kristiansen12 A. J. Walsh3, A. D. Fox2 H. Boyd4 & D. A. Stroud5 'University of Copenhagen, Zoological Institute, Dept, of Population Ecology, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0 , Denmark, e-mail: [email protected] 2National Environmental Research Institute, Dept, of Coastal Zone Ecology, Kalo, Grenâvej 12, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark, e-mail: [email protected] 3Dúchas Heritage Service National Parks & Wildlife, Wexford Wildlife Reserve, North Slob Wexford, Ireland, e-mail: [email protected] 4Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K IA OH3 5Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Monkstone House, City Road, Peterborough PEI IJY, United Kingdom Based on data from seven successive years from the wintering grounds in Ireland and one year from the breeding grounds in West Greenland, the variation in the black striation on the abdomen and breast, the so-called belly barring, of the Greenland White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons flavirostis was assessed. We analysed for sexual variation, age variation, year to year variation and seasonal variation ¡early winter (1 October - 31 December) and late winter (1 January - 31 April)]. Geese showed no sexual difference, no change with age after the first winter and no clear pattern in year to year variation. However, there was a highly significant seasonal variation, since individual birds became consistently darker in late winter. Keywords: Greenland W hite-fronted Geese, Plumage variation (belly barring) mong geese (A n se r & B ra n ta ) is highly variable between individual A highly pronounced individual birds, a feature which can be so plumage variation only occurs in the distinct that it has been used to Lesser White-fronted Goose A nser identify individual birds within winters erythropus, the White-fronted Goose (Boyd 1953, D.