BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Film Merupakan Salah

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BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Film Merupakan Salah BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Film merupakan salah satu media dalam komunikasi massa, yang memiliki pengaruh yang cukup besar bagi masyarakat. Film dalam arti sempit adalah penyajian gambar lewat layar lebar, tetapi dalam pengertian yang lebih luas bisa juga termasuk yang disiarkan di TV. Film merupakan salah satu media massa yang berbentuk audio visual dan sifatnya sangat kompleks. Film menjadi sebuah karya estetika sekaligus sebagai alat informasi yang bisa menjadi alat penghibur, juga alat politik. Ia juga dapat menjadi sarana rekreasi dan edukasi. Film bisa disebut sebagai sinema atau gambar hidup yang mana di artikan sebagai karya seni, bentuk popular dari hiburan, juga produksi industri atau barang bisnis. Film sebagai karya seni lahir dari proses kreativitas yang menuntut kebebasan berkreativitas (Canggara, 2008). Film menjadi salah satu media hiburan yang ditayangkan melalui media komunikasi massa, media ini sangat efektif untuk menyampaikan suatu pesan kepada masyarakat, antara lain pesan-pesan hiburan, moral, sosial, politik dan budaya. Media ini sangat efektif karena menyajikan suatu adegan dan proses penyampaian pesan dalam bentuk audio dan visual, sehingga dengan mudah bisa diterima oleh masyarakat. Manfaat film sendiri seperti yang tecantum dalam UU No. 8 tahun 1992 mengenai perfilman di dalam bab III pasal 5 menjelaskan bahwa film adalah media komunikasi massa yang mempunyai fungsi penerangan, pendidikan, pengembangan budaya bangsa, hiburan, dan ekonomi. Dengan demikian bisa dilihat bahwa film adalah media penyampaian pesan yang efektif kepada khalayak. Banyak sutradara film yang berusaha mencoba menyampaikan berbagai nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalam sebuah film. Nilai-nilai yang disampaikan oleh film dapat dipahami dan menjadi acuan untuk khalayak. Termasuk film bergenre biografi juga memiliki nilai-nilai dan makna dalam penyampaiannya. Film biografi merupakan sebuah genre yang berkembang dalam film, film biografi menyuguhkan kehidupan orang atau tokoh dalam kehidupan nyata, pada 1 Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau 2 penontonnya. Biasanya dalam alur cerita yang terdapat di film biografi menampilkan kehidupan dari seorang tokoh sejarah dan menggunakan nama asli dari karakter utama. Tujuan dari dibuatnya film yang bergenre biografi pada dasarnya untuk menyebarkan informasi dan pengetahuan pada penonton dengan memperlihatkan bermacam adegan dengan menggunakan tokoh yang menginspirasi. Dalam penelitian ini penulis ingin meneliti film biografi dari Negara India yaitu film „Padman‟, karena film yang mempunyai genre biografi ini berbeda dengan film biografi Indonesia pada umumnya. Dibalik film yang menampilkan kisah nyata sesuai tradisi masyarakat di suatu desa India yang masih belum bisa untuk berfikir luas, film ini memiliki alur yang menampilkan keuletan terhadap perjuangan seorang laki-laki untuk keselamatan perempuan. „Padman‟ merupakan salah satu film biografi India tahun 2018 oleh sutradara R. B. Baiki dan di produseri oleh Twinkle Khanna, yang dirilis pada 9 Februari 2018 di Indonesia. Film „Padman‟ ini didasarkan pada buku “The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad” . Film ini dibintangi oleh Akshay Kumar, Radhika Apte dan Sonam Kapoor. „Padman‟ inilah film India kedua yang diberi izin untuk syuting di markas PBB di New York City, diminggu pembukaan film ini mampu meraup 400 juta rupe. Film ini bercerita tentang seorang lelaki yang bernama Lakshmikant chauhan yaitu seorang tukang las yang baru saja menikah dan hidup sederhana yang tinggal disebuah pedesaan di india, dalam menjalankan hidup berumah tangga Lakshmikant terkejut pada saat mengetahui bahwa istrinya Radhika Apte menggunakan kain tidak steril pada saat menstruasi oleh sebab itu Lakshmikant langsung membelikan pembalut baru buat istrinya. Setelah Lakshmikant membeli pembalut untuk sang istri ketika itu ia tidak menerimanya karena harga pembalut itu sangat mahal dan sang istri menyuruh Lakshmikant mengembalikan pembalut itu ke toko di mana Lakshminkant membeli pembalut tersebut ketika ia mengembalikan pembalut itu sang penjaga toko tidak mau menerima barang yang sudah dibeli di kembalikan lagi. Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau 3 Setelah itu Lakshminkant berfikir dan bereksperimen untuk membuat pembalut yang aman dan sehat untuk pemakaian istrinya maka dari itu Lakshmikant membeli peralatan untuk membuat pembalut dan di uji cobakan kepada istrinya ketika pembalut yang sudah di buat oleh Lakshmikant seketika itu sang istri memakainya dan sehari sesudah itu sang istri menolak untuk memakai pembalut yang sudah dibikin oleh sang suami. Laksmikant terus mencoba dan mencoba. Laksmikant membagikan barang yang sudah dibuatnya ke sekolah dan Universitas lainnya. Memintanya untuk dipakai kepada para mahasiswa setelah dipakai ia meminta untuk isi kuisioner dan seketika anak gadis tersebut marah terhadap Lakshmikant karena adat istiadat lelaki tidak perlu tahu urusan wanita kabar ini sampai ke keluarga dan desanya Lakshmikant istrinya sedih, keluarganya marah dan orang desa menganggap ia gila, demi istrinya tercinta dia terus berusaha. Karena tidak ada yang mau membantunya, Lakshmikant mencoba sendiri pembalut yang ia buat dengan memakai darah ayam, namun pembalut tersebut tetap bocor dan tembus ke pakaiannya kejadian ini sempat membuat warga marah dan mengusir Laskshmikant dari desa, istrinya Gayatri dipaksa pulang ke rumah orang tuanya, seluruh keluarga Lakshmikant malu atas perbuatanya. Dengan tekat kuat dan kepeduliannya terhadap wanita di negaranya Lashminkant tetap berusaha mencari cara agar membuat pembalut. Ia bekerja dirumah professor agar dapat belajar, namun professor tersebut sibuk dan akhrinya ia, diajari oleh anak professor memakai google untuk membantu mencari tahu mesin dan bahan-bahan setelah mengetahui cara kerja mesin berbagai lapisan serta bahan membuat pembalut (sinopsisfilmindia.2018). Sikap rajin, keras hati, dan kesungguhan yang dilakukan oleh Lakshmikant itulah yang membuat peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti dan menganalisa tentang keuletannya terhadap perjuangan untuk membuat pembalut, selain karena kecintaan Lakshmikant terhadap istrinya, ia juga tidak mau istrinya terkena penyakit. Keuletan ini muncul karena Lakshmikant prihatin akan keadaan dan Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau 4 kesehatan wanita disekitarnya, tidak sanggup membeli pembalut karena harganya. yang mahal. Lakshmikant terus berusaha dan tetap bersemangat dalam menjalankan segala sesuatu. Jika menghadapi rintangan yang menghadang, ia tidak mudah menyerah. Ia tetap yakin bahwa usaha yang dilakukan akan menuai hasil dan tidak sia-sia. Terbukti dipenghujung film ini, Lakshmikant telah berhasil memproduksi pembalut buatannya sendiri, dan ia pun membuktikan bahwa keuletan dapat mengantarkan kita pada kesuksesan. Peneliti akan melakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan memahami bagaimana keuletan yang digambarkan dalam film „Padman‟. 1.2 Rumusan Masalah Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “Bagaimanakah makna keuletan yang digambarkan pada film „Padman‟? 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai keuletan yang digambarkan pada film „Padman‟ 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian a. Manfaat Teoritis Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menambah kajian pemikiran bagi pengembangan ilmu komunikasi terutama berkaitan dengan pengembangan Studi Analisis Semiotika dan sebagai referensi bagi peneliti selanjutnya. b. Manfaat Praktis Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan bagi masyarakat tentang nilai yang terkandung dalam film Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau .
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