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Dissertaçao Luizalb Versãopósbanca UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS EM SAÚDE COLETIVA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COLETIVA MESTRADO EM SAÚDE COLETIVA LUIZA LENA BASTOS O CONSÓRCIO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE CONTRACEPÇÃO DE EMERGÊNCIA: UM ESTUDO DOS ARGUMENTOS PARA DIFUSÃO DOS CONTRACEPTIVOS DE EMERGÊNCIA EM PAÍSES EM DESENVOLVIMENTO DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO RIO DE JANEIRO | JANEIRO 2015 LUIZA LENA BASTOS O CONSÓRCIO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE CONTRACEPÇÃO DE EMERGÊNCIA: UM ESTUDO DOS ARGUMENTOS PARA DIFUSÃO DOS CONTRACEPTIVOS DE EMERGÊNCIA EM PAÍSES EM DESENVOLVIMENTO Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Saúde Coletiva. ORIENTADORAS: PROFA. DRA. MIRIAM VENTURA DA SILVA PROFA. DRA. ELAINE REIS BRANDÃO RIO DE JANEIRO 2015 B334 Bastos, Luíza Lena. O Consórcio Internacional sobre Contracepção de Emergência: um estudo dos argumentos para difusão dos contraceptivos de emergência em países em desenvolvimento / Luíza Lena Bastos. – Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ / Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, 2015. 179 f.; 30 cm. Orientadora: Miriam Ventura da Silva. Co-orientadora: Elaine Reis Brandão. Dissertação (Mestrado) - UFRJ / Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, 2015. Referências: f. 122-129. 1. Anticoncepção pós-coito. 2. Sexualidade. 3. Gênero. 4. Direitos reprodutivos. 5. Saúde reprodutiva. I. Silva, Miriam Ventura da. II. Brandão, Elaine Reis. III. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva. IV. Título. CDD 363.96 AGRADECIMENTOS Este trabalHo de dissertação de mestrado é resultado de muitos esforços tanto individuais como coletivos. Não poderia ter sido realizado sem o apoio de muitos e muitas que cruzaram meu caminHo. Meus profundos agradecimentos às minHas orientadoras: Miriam Ventura e Elaine Reis Brandão, pela imensa generosidade, amizade, compreensão e brilHantes contribuições teóricas e metodológicas. Sem o trabalHo incessante das orientadoras, de correções e avaliação crítica, questionando-me e fazendo-me refletir sobre meus próprios pressupostos, este trabalHo não teria sido possível. A vocês, a minHa eterna admiração. Agradeço aos órgãos de fomento à pesquisa que deram suporte material, bolsas de estudo, para realização do trabalHo: à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamente de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) e ao Insituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IESC/UFRJ) pelo acolHimento institucional. Agradeço às professoras que fizeram parte de minHa banca de defesa, as quais acompanHam o trabalHo desde a qualificação do projeto de mestrado: Cristiane Cabral, Daniela Manica, Jaqueline Ferreira e Neide Emy Kurokawa. As contribuições e o diálogo dentro e fora do IESC foram fundamentais para a realização deste trabalHo. Agradeço também aos professores da área de Ciências Sociais e Humanas do Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, com os quais estabeleci maior diálogo durante o curso de mestrado: RacHel Aisengart Menezes, Mauro Brigeiro, Veriano Terto e Fernanda Alzuguir. Agradeço às amigas e colegas do grupo de pesquisa que integrei no Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva: Sabrina Pereira Paiva, Iolanda Szabo e Naira Vidal de Oliveira pelo carinHo, amizade e aprendizado. Agradeço as/aos amigas/amigos do mestrado e doutorado do IESC/UFRJ: Alan Camargo, Angela Speroni, Priscila Castro, Fernanda Monteiro, MicHeli MacHado, Mariana Alves, Raquel Guimarães e Mária Pires. Agradeço aos funcionários do IESC/UFRJ, os quais foram solícitos quando precisei: Roberto Unger e SHeila Ferreira da biblioteca, Fátima Gonçalves e Nadja Oliveira da secretaria do Programa de Pós-Graduação do IESC/UFRJ. Agradeço também aos professores e coordenadores do curso de Especialização em Gênero e Sexualidade (EGeS) do Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, o qual tive a oportunidade de participar durante a construção deste trabalHo. Especialmente ao meu professor e orientador no curso, Lucas Tramontano pelas discussões sempre inteligentes, o carinHo e a amizade. Agradeço também aos meus amigos e colegas do curso de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com os quais iniciei esta jornada até a Saúde Coletiva. TenHo certeza que sem o seu apoio e amizade nada seria possível: Lídia Einsfeld, Lívia Bueno, Marília Abreu, Diego Fontana de Andrade, Aline ScHwertner Palma, Cláudia Romero, Izabelle Gindri, Fernanda Bacin, Vanessa Trindade Bortoluzzi, Robson Borba, Leila Somavilla e Cláudia Sala de Andrade. Agradeço às minHas queridas amigas Joyce das Flores e Marcela Alves de Abreu do IESC/UFRJ, com quem muito aprendi sobre saúde coletiva, amizade e solidariedade. Agradeço aos amigos do EGeS que contribuíram tanto para este trabalHo, seja nas discussões durante o curso, seja nas mesas de bar: Carolina Maia, Vanini Lima, Lívia, Carolyna Barroca, Jaqueline Sant’ana e Vanessa. Obrigada amigos e amigas pelo “fé no café and keep going”, pelas discussões acaloradas, pelas “conversas jogadas fora” ou pelos ombros amigos. Por último, mas não menos importante, agradeço à minHa família, minHa mãe Cleonice, meu pai Luiz e minHa irmã Laura pelo amor incondicional em todos os momentos de minHa vida. Agradeço a toda minHa família, tios, primos e avós tão importantes nessa jornada. Agradeço também à família do Vinícius pelo amor e carinHo, por ser uma família que também posso cHamar de minHa. Aos meus familiares e amigos o meu muito obrigada por entenderem as ausências, pela força em momentos difíceis. Finalmente agradeço ao Vinícius, meu companHeiro, amigo, amor e porto seguro. Definitivamente, ao Vinícius todo meu amor e admiração: obrigada por tudo! “E lá, onde hoje vemos a história de uma censura dificilmente suprimida, reconhecer-se-á, ao contrário, a lenta ascensão, através dos séculos, de um dispositivo complexo para nos fazer falar do sexo, para lhe dedicarmos nossa atenção e preocupação, para nos fazer acreditar na soberania de sua lei, quando, de fato, somos atingidos pelos mecanismos de poder da sexualidade” (Michel Foucault, 1977, p.148). RESUMO BASTOS, Luiza Lena. O Consórcio Internacional sobre Contracepção de Emergência: um estudo dos argumentos para difusão dos contraceptivos de emergência em países em desenvolvimento. Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde Coletiva) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2015. O Consórcio Internacional sobre Contracepção de Emergência (ICEC) é uma organização não governamental formada em 1996, por um conjunto de organizações, cuja formação foi uma iniciativa da Fundação Rockefeller. O ICEC tem sido o principal interlocutor no cenário mundial na defesa do acesso aos contraceptivos de emergência (CE) e na difusão deste medicamento nos países em desenvolvimento. Seu website é uma importante fonte de informação e veículo para advogar em prol dos CE. Para compreender os argumentos deste consórcio para expansão do uso dos CE foi realizado um estudo socioantropológico, de natureza documental, no website do ICEC, no período de 2013 e 2014. O estudo se justificativa diante da necessidade de compreendermos os sentidos da difusão dos CE, e ampliarmos no Brasil a discussão sobre o uso dos medicamentos de contracepção de emergência como mais uma tecnologia, que possa vir a possibilitar uma melHor vivência da reprodução e sexualidade para mulHeres e Homens. O resultado da pesquisa revelou três linHas argumentativas preponderantes para expansão do uso dos CE nesses países. A sanitária que enfatiza “problemas de saúde pública”, advogando-se em prol dos CE pela redução da mortalidade materna, das taxas de abortos e de uma “epidemia de gravidezes imprevistas”, com especial ênfase na gravidez na adolescência. A farmacêutica, que enfatiza a segurança, eficácia e o mecanismo de ação das pílulas, ressaltando os contraceptivos de emergência na forma farmacêutica de comprimido, e que podem ser utilizados livremente pelas mulHeres para evitar as gravidezes imprevistas, destacando-se o fato de não ser abortiva. A dos direitos, em especial os direitos reprodutivos das mulHeres e adolescentes ao controle de sua fecundidade e o acesso aos contraceptivos e CE como meios para garantia desses direitos, enfatizando o direito à saúde, à autonomia sexual e reprodutiva, e ao planejamento familiar. Concluiu-se que os contraceptivos de emergência aparecem simbolizados pelo consórcio como medicamentos de “estilo de vida” os quais poderiam ampliar as oportunidades de melHoria das condições sociais para mulHeres e adolescentes, e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento Humano e social dos países. Palavras-cHave: Contracepção de emergência, sexualidade, gênero, direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, saúde reprodutiva. ABSTRACT BASTOS, Luiza Lena.THe International Consortium for Emergency Contraception: A study of tHe arguments for dissemination of emergency contraception in developing countries. Rio de Janeiro, 2014 Master tHesis (Master in Public HealtH) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2015. ICEC is a non governmental organization founded in 1996 by a group of a consortium organizatinos. THe consortium formation was a Rockefeller Foundation initiative. Its website is an important source of information about EC, considering tHat ICEC Has been tHe main interlocutor worldwide
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