The Patriot Squirrel Who Helped Save America
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Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence Table of Contents
SIGNERS OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 56 Men Who Risked It All Life, Family, Fortune, Health, Future Compiled by Bob Hampton First Edition - 2014 1 SIGNERS OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTON Page Table of Contents………………………………………………………………...………………2 Overview………………………………………………………………………………...………..5 Painting by John Trumbull……………………………………………………………………...7 Summary of Aftermath……………………………………………….………………...……….8 Independence Day Quiz…………………………………………………….……...………...…11 NEW HAMPSHIRE Josiah Bartlett………………………………………………………………………………..…12 William Whipple..........................................................................................................................15 Matthew Thornton……………………………………………………………………...…........18 MASSACHUSETTS Samuel Adams………………………………………………………………………………..…21 John Adams………………………………………………………………………………..……25 John Hancock………………………………………………………………………………..….29 Robert Treat Paine………………………………………………………………………….….32 Elbridge Gerry……………………………………………………………………....…….……35 RHODE ISLAND Stephen Hopkins………………………………………………………………………….…….38 William Ellery……………………………………………………………………………….….41 CONNECTICUT Roger Sherman…………………………………………………………………………..……...45 Samuel Huntington…………………………………………………………………….……….48 William Williams……………………………………………………………………………….51 Oliver Wolcott…………………………………………………………………………….…….54 NEW YORK William Floyd………………………………………………………………………….………..57 Philip Livingston…………………………………………………………………………….….60 Francis Lewis…………………………………………………………………………....…..…..64 Lewis Morris………………………………………………………………………………….…67 -
Delaware in the American Revolution (2002)
Delaware in the American Revolution An Exhibition from the Library and Museum Collections of The Society of the Cincinnati Delaware in the American Revolution An Exhibition from the Library and Museum Collections of The Society of the Cincinnati Anderson House Washington, D. C. October 12, 2002 - May 3, 2003 HIS catalogue has been produced in conjunction with the exhibition, Delaware in the American Revolution , on display from October 12, 2002, to May 3, 2003, at Anderson House, THeadquarters, Library and Museum of the Society of the Cincinnati, 2118 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D. C. 20008. It is the sixth in a series of exhibitions focusing on the contributions to the American Revolution made by the original 13 he season loudly calls for the greatest efforts of every states and the French alliance. Tfriend to his Country. Generous support for this exhibition was provided by the — George Washington, Wilmington, to Caesar Rodney, Delaware State Society of the Cincinnati. August 31, 1777, calling for the assistance of the Delaware militia in rebuffing the British advance to Philadelphia. Collections of the Historical Society of Delaware Also available: Massachusetts in the American Revolution: “Let It Begin Here” (1997) New York in the American Revolution (1998) New Jersey in the American Revolution (1999) Rhode Island in the American Revolution (2000) Connecticut in the American Revolution (2001) Text by Ellen McCallister Clark and Emily L. Schulz. Front cover: Domenick D’Andrea. “The Delaware Regiment at the Battle of Long Island, August 27, 1776.” [detail] Courtesy of the National Guard Bureau. See page 11. ©2002 by The Society of the Cincinnati. -
Pen & Parchment: the Continental Congress
Adams National Historical Park National Park Service U.S. Department of Interior PEN & PARCHMENT INDEX 555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 a Letter to Teacher a Themes, Goals, Objectives, and Program Description a Resources & Worksheets a Pre-Visit Materials a Post Visit Mterialss a Student Bibliography a Logistics a Directions a Other Places to Visit a Program Evaluation Dear Teacher, Adams National Historical Park is a unique setting where history comes to life. Our school pro- grams actively engage students in their own exciting and enriching learning process. We hope that stu- dents participating in this program will come to realize that communication, cooperation, sacrifice, and determination are necessary components in seeking justice and liberty. The American Revolution was one of the most daring popular movements in modern history. The Colonists were challenging one of the most powerful nations in the world. The Colonists had to decide whether to join other Patriots in the movement for independence or remain loyal to the King. It became a necessity for those that supported independence to find ways to help America win its war with Great Britain. To make the experiment of representative government work it was up to each citi- zen to determine the guiding principles for the new nation and communicate these beliefs to those chosen to speak for them at the Continental Congress. Those chosen to serve in the fledgling govern- ment had to use great statesmanship to follow the directions of those they represented while still find- ing common ground to unify the disparate colonies in a time of crisis. This symbiotic relationship between the people and those who represented them was perhaps best described by John Adams in a letter that he wrote from the Continental Congress to Abigail in 1774. -
Pennsylvania Magazine of HISTORY and BIOGRAPHY
THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY John Swanwick: Spokesman for "Merchant-Republicanism ' In Philadelphia, 1790-179 8 HE literature on the era of Jeffersonian democracy is largely- dominated by the great triumvirate of Thomas Jefferson, TJames Madison, and Albert Gallatin.* During the last dec- ade, however, historians have been paying more attention to state and local political leaders who played significant roles in the Demo- cratic-Republican movement.1 Among the more notable second-rank * In a somewhat abbreviated form this article was presented as a paper at the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Historical Association held at Williamsport, Pa., on Oct. 22-23, 1971. The author wishes to express his gratitude to his colleague, Bernard Sternsher, for his helpful editorial suggestions. 1 Historians have given most of their attention to secondary Federalists, but since i960 the number of modern scholarly biographies of less prominent Republicans has increased. We now have first-rate biographies on Robert R. Livingston, David Rittenhouse, Aaron Burr, Daniel D. Tompkins, John Breckinridge, Luther Martin, Benjamin Rush (2), Samuel Smith, and James Monroe. There are also a number of good unpublished doctoral dissertations. Among the more notable studies are those on Elkanah Watson, Simon Snyder, Mathew Carey, Samuel Latham Mitchell, Melancton Smith, Levi Woodbury, William Lowndes, William Duane, William Jones (2), Eleazer Oswald, Thomas McKean, Levi Lincoln, Ephraim Kirby, and John Nicholson. Major biographies of Tench Coxe by Jacob E. Cooke, of John Beckley by Edmund Berkeley, and of Thomas McKean by John M. Coleman and Gail Stuart Rowe are now in progress. 131 132 ROLAND M. -
Philadelphia Merchants, Trans-Atlantic Smuggling, and The
Friends in Low Places: Philadelphia Merchants, Trans-Atlantic Smuggling, and the Secret Deals that Saved the American Revolution By Tynan McMullen University of Colorado Boulder History Honors Thesis Defended 3 April 2020 Thesis Advisor Dr. Virginia Anderson, Department of History Defense Committee Dr. Miriam Kadia, Department of History Capt. Justin Colgrove, Department of Naval Science, USMC 1 Introduction Soldiers love to talk. From privates to generals, each soldier has an opinion, a fact, a story they cannot help themselves from telling. In the modern day, we see this in the form of leaked reports to newspapers and controversial interviews on major networks. On 25 May 1775, as the British American colonies braced themselves for war, an “Officer of distinguished Rank” was running his mouth in the Boston Weekly News-Letter. Boasting about the colonial army’s success during the capture of Fort Ticonderoga two weeks prior, this anonymous officer let details slip about a far more concerning issue. The officer remarked that British troops in Boston were preparing to march out to “give us battle” at Cambridge, but despite their need for ammunition “no Powder is to be found there at present” to supply the Massachusetts militia.1 This statement was not hyperbole. When George Washington took over the Continental Army on 15 June, three weeks later, he was shocked at the complete lack of munitions available to his troops. Two days after that, New England militiamen lost the battle of Bunker Hill in agonizing fashion, repelling a superior British force twice only to be forced back on the third assault. -
1 the Story of the Faulkner Murals by Lester S. Gorelic, Ph.D. the Story Of
The Story of the Faulkner Murals By Lester S. Gorelic, Ph.D. The story of the Faulkner murals in the Rotunda begins on October 23, 1933. On this date, the chief architect of the National Archives, John Russell Pope, recommended the approval of a two- year competing United States Government contract to hire a noted American muralist, Barry Faulkner, to paint a mural for the Exhibit Hall in the planned National Archives Building.1 The recommendation initiated a three-year project that produced two murals, now viewed and admired by more than a million people annually who make the pilgrimage to the National Archives in Washington, DC, to view two of the Charters of Freedom documents they commemorate: the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States of America. The two-year contract provided $36,000 in costs plus $6,000 for incidental expenses.* The contract ended one year before the projected date for completion of the Archives Building’s construction, providing Faulkner with an additional year to complete the project. The contract’s only guidance of an artistic nature specified that “The work shall be in character with and appropriate to the particular design of this building.” Pope served as the contract supervisor. Louis Simon, the supervising architect for the Treasury Department, was brought in as the government representative. All work on the murals needed approval by both architects. Also, The United States Commission of Fine Arts served in an advisory capacity to the project and provided input critical to the final composition. The contract team had expertise in art, architecture, painting, and sculpture. -
National Historical Park Pennsylvania
INDEPENDENCE National Historical Park Pennsylvania Hall was begun in the spring of 1732, when from this third casting is the one you see In May 1775, the Second Continental Con The Constitutional Convention, 1787 where Federal Hall National Memorial now ground was broken. today.) gress met in the Pennsylvania State House stands. Then, in 1790, it came to Philadel Edmund Woolley, master carpenter, and As the official bell of the Pennsylvania (Independence Hall) and decided to move The Articles of Confederation and Perpet phia for 10 years. Congress sat in the new INDEPENDENCE ual Union were drafted while the war was in Andrew Hamilton, lawyer, planned the State House, the Liberty Bell was intended to from protest to resistance. Warfare between County Court House (now known as Con building and supervised its construction. It be rung on public occasions. During the the colonists and British troops already had progress. They were agreed to by the last of gress Hall) and the United States Supreme NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK was designed in the dignity of the Georgian Revolution, when the British Army occupied begun in Massachusetts. In June the Con the Thirteen States and went into effect in Court in the new City Hall. In Congress period. Independence Hall, with its wings, Philadelphia in 1777, the bell was removed gress chose George Washington to be Gen the final year of the war. Under the Arti Hall, George Washington was inaugurated has long been considered one of the most to Allentown, where it was hidden for almost eral and Commander in Chief of the Army, cles, the Congress met in various towns, only for his second term as President. -
Narrative of Thomas Mckean Thompson. Ill Although Always
Narrative of Thomas McKean Thompson. Ill NARRATIVE OF THOMAS McKEAN THOMPSON. CONTRIBUTED BY P. F. THOMPSON. (Continued from page 77.) Although always popular and in public office from twenty-one or two years of age till near the close of life his manner of attaining public favors was anomalous, for he never courted it; indeed his outward manners were against such a result, for they were rather distant and cold and he seldom mixed with the people except on public occasions and was a novice in intrigue. I used myself to be surprised that he was popular and I have heard friends, his contemporaries, say they were ut- terly surprised at his popularity with his numerous clients when quite a young lawyer; his manner of sift- ing out the facts of the case submitted to him, espe- cially if there were any appearance of juggling being so pointed and severe. The secret to be developed must be referred to the selfish principle that rules the human heart. The people had confidence in his integrity, in- dustry and talents and were willing to commit their interests into such hands. Governor McKean's chief intellectual acquisition was a knowledge of law; he was a learned Jurist and must also have had experi- ence in the science of government, being a member of Congress during the whole of our Eevolutionary con- troversy with England, and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He was a man of sterling integrity, in public as well as private life; his attach- ment to the laws and institutions of the country was open and steadfast; his disposition was kind and af- fectionate, but he was not without faults, which those who esteemed and loved him most—most deplored; he gave no other evidence of attachment to religion than what is often given by men in high places—out- 112 Narrative of Thomas McKean Thompson. -
CHOOSING INDEPENDENCE, FIGHTING for FREEDOM Delaware and the American Revolution CHAPTER 1
CHOOSING INDEPENDENCE, FIGHTING FOR FREEDOM Delaware and the American Revolution CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1 Caesar Rodney’s Midnight Ride Caesar Rodney’s Midnight Ride 2 Delaware’s Vote 3-4 In the spring of 1776, delegates from all thirteen colonies met in Philadelphia to decide what Letter from Caesar Rodney 5-7 to do about the increasingly bitter argument over taxation without representation and the violence that it had caused. Some delegates wanted to continue trying to reason with King CHAPTER 2 George of Great Britain. Others thought that it was time to break away from Great Britain The 1st Delaware Regiment 8 and become a separate nation. Richard Henry Lee of Virginia proposed a resolution that Sons of the Blue Hen 9-11 the colonies “are, and of right ought to be free and independent states.” African Americans in the American Revolution 12-13 CHAPTER 3 The delegation from Delaware consisted of three men: Thomas McKean, George Read, and War Comes to Delaware 14 Caesar Rodney. McKean was an ardent patriot; he wanted to vote “yes” for independence. A Letter from George Washington 15-19 George Read felt that the colonies were not prepared for independence and certainly could The Battle of Cooch’s Bridge 20-21 not win a war with Great Britain; he wanted to vote “no.” CHAPTER 4 Caesar Rodney was for independence, but at the time he was 80 long miles away, attending to business at Civilian Perspectives 22-25 his home in Dover. Each colony could A British Soldier Lost His Cookpot 26 An American Soldier is Injured During Battle 27-28 have only one vote, determined The Battle of Long Island 29-30 by the majority opinion of the delegates who were present in Philadelphia. -
Resources for Teachers John Trumbull's Declaration Of
Resources for Teachers John Trumbull’s Declaration of Independence CONVERSATION STARTERS • What is happening with the Declaration of Independence in this painting? o The Committee of Five is presenting their draft to the President of the Continental Congress, John Hancock. • Both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson apparently told John Trumbull that, if portraits couldn’t be painted from life or copied from other portraits, it would be better to leave delegates out of the scene than to poorly represent them. Do you agree? o Trumbull captured 37 portraits from life (which means that he met and painted the person). When he started sketching with Jefferson in 1786, 12 signers of the Declaration had already died. By the time he finished in 1818, only 5 signers were still living. • If you were President James Madison, and you wanted four monumental paintings depicting major moments in the American Revolution, which moments would you choose? o Madison and Trumbull chose the surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga, the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, the Declaration of Independence, and the resignation of Washington. VISUAL SOURCES John Trumbull, Declaration of Independence (large scale), 1819, United States Capitol https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Declaration_of_Independence_(1819),_by_John_Trumbull.jpg John Trumbull, Declaration of Independence (small scale), 1786-1820, Trumbull Collection, Yale University Art Gallery https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/69 John Trumbull and Thomas Jefferson, “First Idea of Declaration of Independence, Paris, Sept. 1786,” 1786, Gift of Mr. Ernest A. Bigelow, Yale University Art Gallery https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/2805 PRIMARY SOURCES Autobiography, Reminiscences and Letters of John Trumbull, from 1756 to 1841 https://archive.org/details/autobiographyre00trumgoog p. -
The Faulkner Murals: Depicting the Creation of a Nation
DEPICTING the CREATION of a NATION The Story Behind the Murals About Our Founding Documents by LESTER S. GORELIC wo large oil-on-canvas murals (each about 14 feet by 37.5 feet) decorate the walls of the Rotunda of the National T Archives in Washington, D.C. The murals depict pivotal moments in American history represented by two founding doc uments: the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. In one mural, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia is depicted handing over his careful ly worded and carefully edited draft of the Declaration of Independence to John Hancock of Massachusetts. Many of the other Founding Fathers look on, some fully supportive, some apprehensive. In the other, James Madison of Virginia is depicted presenting his draft of the Constitution to fellow Virginian George Washington, president of the 1787 Constitutional Convention, and to other members of the Convention. Although these moments occurred in the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia (Independence Hall)—not in the sylvan settings shown in the murals—the two price less documents are now in the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C., and have been seen by millions of visitors over the years. When the National Archives Building was built in the Jefferson’s placement at the front of the Committee of mid-1930s, however, these two founding documents were Five reflects his position as its head. Although Jefferson was in the custody of the Library of Congress and would not the primary author of the Declaration, his initial draft was be transferred to the Archives until 1952. Even so, the ar edited first by Adams and then by Franklin. -
Caesar Rodney's Services and During the American Revolution
E207 .R6 .F73 Delaware's hero for all times and all seasons by William P. Frank I © Copyright, 1975, by the Delaware American Revolution Bicentennial Commission Design by James A. Collins B IVES hero bv William P. Frank Illustrations by A. N. Wyeth Delaware American Revolution Bicentennial. Commission Wilmington, Delaware 1975 This booklet is dedicated to The Honorable Sherman W. Tribbitt, Governor of the Delaware, in recognition of his own dedication to bringing proper recognition of Caesar Rodney's services and during the American Revolution. Thomas McKean, Caesar Rodney, and George Read, Deirnt·are 's signers of the Declaration of Independence. Caesar Rodney rides through American history as the patron saint of his native state, Delaware's principal hero of the American Revolutionary War. In his brief 55-year life he held more public offices than any other Delawarean before or since. He was a soldier, a judge, a delegate to the American Continental Congress, speaker of the Delaware Assembly, a chief executive of Delaware, a justice of the state's Supreme Court, and held many other offices of public trust. Unlike Thomas McKean, George Read, and John Dickinson, with whom he served in Congress, Rodney was not a scholar. McKean and Dickinson, because they were more learned, were better known beyond Delaware's boundaries than was Rodney. But it is Rodney's name, not McKean's, Dickinson's nor Read's that is familiar to Americans today. The equestrian statue in Wilmington, Delaware, of Rodney riding to Philadelphia to cast Delaware's deciding vote for the Declaration of Independence in July, 1776, has been adopted by scores of writers, artists, playwrights, poets and businesses as the symbol of Delaware's participation in the American Revolution and the Declaration.