CENSUS OF INDIA 1981
SERIES-4
BIHAR
PART XII
CENSUS ATLAS
B.B.LAl -of the I ndian Administrative Service DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, BIHAR 1981 CENSUS PUBLICATIONS OF BIHAR
(All the Census Publications of this State will bear Series-4)
Part I-A Administration Report - EnumeratiOn} " Part 1-8 Administration Report _ Tabulation Official use only Part II-A General Population Tables (A-series Tables A.1 to A.S) Part 11-8 Primary Census Abstract Part II-A & B(i) General Economic Tables (B-series Tables B.1 to B.6) Part III-A & 8(ii) General Economic Tables (B-series Tables B.7 to B.8 % B.11 to B.19)
Part III-A & B(iii) General Economic Tables (B-series Table B.20) Part III-A & 8(iv) General Economic Tables (B-series Tables B. 21 & 8.22) Part IV-A- Social and Cultural Tables (C-series Tables C.1 to C.6) Part IV-B Social and Cultural Tables (C-series Tables C.7 to C.9) Part IV-C Household by composition and size (C-series Table C.10) PartV-A & 8 Fertility Tables (D-series Tables D.1 to F.27) Part VII Tables on Houses and Disabled Population (H-series Tables 'H.1 and H.2)
Part VII-A Household Tables (HH-series Tables HH.1 to HH.16) Part VII-B Household Tables (HH-series Table HH.17) Part IX Special Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SC and ST-series Tables.)
Part X-A Town Directory Part X-8 SUivey Reports on selected towns Part X-C Survey Reports on selected villages Part XI Ethnographic notes and special studies on Scheduled
Castes and Scheduled Tribes. P~rt XII Census Atlas . Part XIII-A District Census Handbook - Village and Town Directory PartXIII-B District Census Handbook - General population Tables (C.D. 810ck and Town levels) and Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract.
The mapa Included in this volume are based upon Survey of india map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India.
The territorial waters of India extend Into the sea to a distance of ~_!I: ~~~tical miles ~ from the appropriate base line.
The boundary of Megh_alaya Is as interpreted from the ~~n -Areas (Reorganisatien,) Iv;t, 1971, but has yet to be verified.
© Government of India copyright 1988. Technical staff associated with the Census Atlas Project of Bihar
Census Headquarters
Planning & Direction - Dr. B.K. Roy Deputy Registrar General (Map)
Monitoring & Progress - Mrs. Minati Ghosh Assistant Registrar General (Map)
Technical supervision - P.S. Chhikara Map Analyst
Scrutiny and evaluation - Autar Singh of maps & Art work Sr. Geographer
R.K. Sharma Sr. Geographer
O.B. Goswami Sr. Geographer
P.T.Deshpande Sr. Drawing Assistant
Printing arrangement - B.P. Jain & Proof reading Deputy Director (Ptg.) and his team
Directorate of Census Operations, Bihar
General supervision - V.K. Bhargava Deputy Director
D.N. Mahesh Deputy Director
S.C. Saxena Deputy Director
Technical supervision - Mohd. Abbas Research Office, (Upto Feb .• '87)
RP. Singh Research Officer (March '88)
(iii) Data Processing. Cartographic work, - D. R. Khanna analysis of maps & art work Assistant Director
P.N. Sinha Assistant Director
Sukhdeo Prasad Investigator
D.P. Choudhary Investigator
Ram Parvesh Roy Investigator
Autar Singh Sr. Geographer (March '85 - May '86)
Prem Chand Sr. Geographer (June '86 - Dec., '87)
Mukut Guria Geographer (Nov., '86)
J. Lakra Investigator
s. Ahmad Statistical Assistant
I.K. Mishra Artist
M.N. Khan Draftsman
R.K. Roy • Draftsman
Silas Sara Computor
Surendra Rajak Computor
Secretarial work - Mohd. Hasan Azad Stenographer
(iv) FOREWORD
THE INDIAN CENSUS enjoys the reputation of being the richest single source for giving information about the people regarding distribution of population, sex, age, working population and several other dimensions of data on castes and tribes. The Census of India also to some extent undertakes the collection of non-census statistics on useful variables, such as, land uses at tahsil and taluk levels, basic amenities in rural and urban areas, distances of settlements with reference to nearest urban areas which are published in various publications in conjunction with Census data. It was three decades ago that the 1961 Census for the first time organised a special programme of the Cen sus Atlas mapping and a series of Census Atlases of States/Union Territories, and for the nation as a whole were brought qut. This programme was appreciated by the scholars, data users and the academicians, and hence it became one of the regular fea tures of the post censal research programme of the Census Organisation. The volumes under this programme werEi published as Part IX (A) of various series during 1961 and 1971 censuses and stand. included as Part XII of the general census publication plan for the 1981 Census.
During these decades, the Census has not confined itself to the producing of mere stray maps for various publications but has undertaken much detailed mapping of the local and regional areas having relevance to the production of specific tables and spe cial studies. This has added to the usefulness of Census statistics besides making them more appealing and contributive to the assessment of the distribution of population at various levels. Special maps like urban land uses of towns and urban agglomerations and standard urban area maps enriched the State Volumes namely part II (A) dealing with population and area figures, town directories etc. Such publications are well known as source materials produced by the Census for the people and the country. Besides these, the district census handbooks dealing with detailed village and townwise popula tion characteristics, contain basic maps of Districts/Tahsils/Taluks and equivalent ad- . mini~.~~~~as of the various parts of the country showing boundaries, locations of villages and urban spread. In addition, these important basic maps contain information, such as, population sizes of each Census village and town with the Census Location Codes, amenities like post and telegraph offices, family health programme centres (Primary Health Centres, Dispensaries, Maternity and Child Welfare Centres), schools and other educational institutions, important village markets etc. Infrastructural facilities like roads duly classified and including important cart-tracks and railways are also shown. Thus, the Census Organisation has been striving to furnish a variety of car tographic information directly concerned with the Census activities and ev~n beyond.
The Census Atlas programme has been formulated to record through m"ps the demographic characteristics to project a holistic approach to measure and assess"
(v) population patterns. The mapping is conducted for atlas maps embracing more or less the entire 1981 Census tables at Tahsil{Taluk{Town/UA level, through districts and states. The population situation is changing from decade to decade due to various economic developments, and one may glean through these maps the contemporary human problems and patterns for spatial planning and related purposes.
This programme has been worked out at two levels, viz., (i) State/Union Territory Atlas Volumes, and (ii) the National Volume. The technique of presentation should be ver satile and thought provoking and, therefore, the technical planning of the Atlas has been undertaken in a manner so that the maps dealing with the patterns of population dis tribution, characteristics and dispersals portray contemporary trends and issues. The Atlases include a few general maps on administrative and physical aspects to introduce the region, followed by detailed maps on demographic, economic and socio-cultural aspects consisting of distrjbution, density and growth of population, age and sex, urban trends, census industrial categories, migration, literacy, religion, physically hand icapped, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, education and health. In ali," the programme envisages to publish 31 volumes for the country. The leading volume is the all-India one in the series. A standard list of themes has been generated for presenta tion of maps according to census data for each State/UniQll Territory and by-cross-clas sification of data, the number of maps in these Atlases are kept at a minimum to make each volume handy. The Atlas vol Jmes of the major states of the country may contain 114 maps, such as in the volume of Uttar Pradesh, while for smaller States/Union Ter ritories there will be a minimum of 50 sheets as in the case of Pondicherry. The all India (National) volume contains 93 map plates and interpretations with diagrams and $hort statistical tables.
The Atlas programme has been executed under the planning and direction of Dr. B.K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map). Well knit teams worked in the Map Division in my office and the Map Units of the office of the Directors of Census Operations of States and Union Territories in the implementation of the programme. A list of all those who have contributed to the completion of the work is given separately in this volume. I con gratulate the members of all teams and officers associated with the project on their ex cellent work and their dedication which contributed to the success of this venture. I hope the volumes will answer the needs and get the approval of scholars, planners, ad ministrators, travellers and the general readers.
V.S.VERMA New Delhi Registrar General 10 March, 1988 and Census Commissioner, India
(vi) PREFACE
"FEW PEOPLE REALISE, much less appreciate, that apart from the Survey of India and Geological Survey, tne Census of India had been perhaps the largest single producer of maps of the Indian sub-continent." The present Atlas Volume is a further step in this endeavour which has continued since 1961. Its utility has been recognised not only in the various Government Departments, but by research scholars, planners, ad ministrators and other public departments. This Volume, rather portrays a concised form of census data through maps on various aspects which has enhanced its utility. Due to this, the publication of Census Atlas has been incorporated in the general scheme of Census publications.
The present Volume contains ninety three maps. Due to large number of C. D. Blocks, the map of Administrative Division has been split into two, and numbered as 2 and 2A raising the total number of maps to ninety four. These maps depict different socio economic-demographic structure of the state. There are eight maps in general section which include administfativ~anctphysical aspects. Demographic structure of the state runs over thirty one maps. Different themes on economic aspects cover twenty maps. The largest number of maps (35) in this Volume is devoted to socio-cultural aspects. Keeping in view the different themes and availability of data, various suitable units have been selected for its representation. In seventy five maps, districtwise data have been p\otted while fifteen maps show C.D. Blockwise information. The natural features, such as relief and drainage, normal monthly and annual rainfall and soils, are shown in the state map. The position of state has been presented in the map of India. These maps are drafted on different cartographic techniques suited with data and the theme. However, choropleth technique is most liberally used in the present Volume. In this Atlas, sixty six maps are printed in black and white, fourteen in bi-colour and the remain ing equal number of maps in multi-colour. A brief analytical note is written on each map which highlights the s-alient features of data depicted in the map. These analytical notes are presented by the side of the respective map which help to study the map.
The work on this Atlas was started rolling from November'83 when the first set of in structions for drawing the maps was received from the Map Division, Office of the Registrar General, India but it picked up speed only after January'86.
The publication of this Atlas Volume is a team work of the staff of the Map Section. However, full co-operation has been provided by Shri P. N. Sinha, Asstt.Director of Cen sus Operations, Incharge of Central Tabulation Unit assisted by S/Shri Sukhdeo PO .. In vestigator, D. P. Choudhary & Ram Pravesh Roy, S.As in collection & compilation of data. Shri D. N. Mahesh, Deputy Director. who was incharge of the Map Section" provided supervision at the initial stage of map drawing which was put on rail by
(vii) Shri S. C. Saxena, Deputy Director. S/Shri Md. Abbas, Research Officer (Map) and D.R. Khanna, Assistant Director, contributed in the preparation of the maps but finalisation of all the maps and drafting of the analytical notes was done by Shri R. P. Singh, Research Officer (Map). Shri Singh took a lot of pain and completed this Atlas Volume within scheduled period. S/Shri Prem Chand, Senior Geographer, Mukut Guria, Geographer, J. Lakra, Investigator and Shafi Ahmad, Statistical Assistant also assisted in this project at different stages. However, the brunt of typing of such a difficult manuscript fell on the shoulders of Shri Md. Hasan Azad, Stenographer. I am thankful to all of them. .
I am thankful to Shri B. B. Lal, Director of Census Operations for his effective guidance and keen interest in maps.
I ari1 very much thankful to Dr. B. K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map) who has provided guidance at each step of this Atlas project.
I further wish to thank Shri P. Padmanabha, the then Registrar General, India, and Sh.ri V. S. Verma, Registrar General, India, for the approval of this project and their valu- able guidance. ~
I wish to record my thanks to Shri B. P. Jain, Assistant Director (Printing), Office of the Registrar General, India and Mis. Akashdeep Printers, Delhi for printing this Volume.
V.K. BHARGAVA Patna Deputy Director of Census Operations August 8, 1988 Bihar
(viii) CONTENTS
Map No. Title of the map Page
GENERAL
Administrative .Physical aspects Position of Bihar in India 1981 3
2 Administrative divisions 1981 5
2{a) Community development blocks 1981 7
3 Changes in administrative boundaries 1971-81 9
4 Relief and drainage 11
5 Normal monthly and annual rainfall 13
6 Soils 15
7 Forests 17
DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND TRENDS
Dist1'lbution, density and growth
8 Distribution of population 21
9 Density of population 23
10 Inter-censal change in population1971-1981 25
11 Growth of popdatlon 1901-81 27
t 2 Fertil~ 1981 29
13 Ewr married woolen and total children born to them t 981 31
Sex and age SlruCture
14 Sex ralio 1981 33
15 Change in sex ration 1971-81 35 16 Rural sex ratio 1981 37
(ix) Map No. Title of the map Page
17 Change in rural sex ratio 1971-81 39
18 UrbanBex ratio 1981 41
19 Change in urban sex ratio 1971-81 43
20 Sex and age structure 1981 45
21 Marital status 1981 47
22 Youthfulness of population 1981 49
23 Dependency ratio 1981 51
24 Males in working age 15-591981 53
25 Females in working age 15~59 1981 55
26 Urban males in working age 15-591981 57
27 Rural males in working age 15-591981 59
28 Urban females in working age 15-591981 61
29 Rural females in working age 15-591981 63
Urbanisation
30 Urban population 1981 65
31 Change in urban population 1971~B1 67
32 Growth of urban population by size of urban areas 1901-81 69
33 Growth of urban centres 1971-81 71
34 Towns that lost urban status during 1971-81 73
35 Urban industrial structure (class I) 1981 75
Migration
36 In-migrants 1981 77
37 Rural in-migrants to total rural population 1981 79
38 Urban in-migrants to total urban population 1981 81
(x) Map No. Title of the map Page
ECONOMIC ASPECTS
1981 Census industrial categories
39 Main workers and non-workers in total population 1981 85
40 Rural main workers and non-workers 1981 87
41 Urban main workers and non-workers 1981 89
42 Main workers 1981 91
43 Male main workers 1981 93
44 Female main workers 1981 95
45 Male and female main workers classified by industrial categories 1981 97
46 Urban male and female main workers classified by industrial categories 1981 99
47 Rural male and female main workers classified by industrial categories 1981 101
48 Main workers with educational levels 1981 103
Population employed in primary activities
49 Cultivators 1981 105
50 Cultivators in rural population 1981 107
51 Male and female cultivators 1981 109
52 Agricultural labourers in total agricultural workers 1981 111
53 Non-agricultural workers in primary sector 1981 113
54 Main workers in manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs 1981 115
55 Main workers In constructions, transport, storage and communication 1981 117
56 Main workers in trade and commerce 1981 119
57 Main workers in services 1981 121
58 Male and female marginal workers classified by industrial categories 1981 123
(xi) Map No. Title of the map Page
SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS
Castes and tribes
59 Scheduled castes 1981 127
60 Scheduled tribes 1981 129
61 Main workers, marginal workers and non-workers in scheduled castes 1981 131
62 Main workers, marginal workers and non-workers in scheduled tribes 1981 133
63 Ten numerically major scheduled castes 1981 135
64 Ten numerically major scheduled tribes 1981 137
Religion
65 Religions 1981 139
Language
66 Distribution of population by language mainly spoken in the household 1981 141
Literacy and education
67 Literacy 1981 143
68 Change in literacy 1971-81 145
69 rMaleliteracy 1981 147
70 Change in male literacy 1971-81 149
71 Female literacy 1981 151
72 Change in female literacy 1971-81 153
73 Educational attainments 1981 155
74 Urban literates per 1 000 of population in age 5-14 over literates per 1 000 of population in age 15-34 1981 157
75 Rural literates per 1 000 of population in age 5-14 over literates per 1 000 of population in age 15-34 1981 159
76 Primary school enrolment of boys 1981 161
(xii) Map No. Title of the map Page
77 Primary school enrolment of girls 1981 163
78 Educational enrolment of males at matriculation/secondary, higher secondary and higher levels 1981 165 "
79 Educational enrolment of females at matriculation/secondary higher secondary and higher levels 1981 167
80 Teachers per.1 000 of students at primary level of education 1981 169
81 Teachers per 1- 000 of ~tudents at secondary level of education 1981 171
82 Literates holding non-technical and technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree 1981 173
83 Literates holding university degree/diploma of the graduate level and above 1981 175 .
Housing
84 Census houses and their uses 1981 177
85 Amenities in urban households 1981 179
86 Amenities in rural households 1981 181
87 Rural households by number of rooms occupied 1981 183
88 Urban households by number of rooms occupied 1981 185
89 Persons by rural households 1981 187
90 Persons by urban households 1981 189
Health
91 Medical institutions per 10 000 of census houses 1981 191
92 Hospital beds per 100 000 of population 1981 193
93 Primary health centres per 100 000 of population 1981 195
ANNEXURE-A ", 197 -209
(xiii)
GENERAL
• Administrative • Physical Aspects Map 1
POSITION OF BIHAR IN INDIA 1981
The map depicts the location of Bihar in India. The ing in the state is 10.51. The above figure Indicates that boundary of all states/union territories in the country are the state Is densely populated with a density of 402 per shown by dash..
Bihar is bounded by Nepal in the north, Orissa in the In Bihar state, 87.53 per cent of the total population south, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in the west reside In rural areas consisting of 67 546 vUlages. In and West Bengal In the east. It extends between 21 0 1981, there were 197 urban centres In the state oc 58' 10" and 2"fJ 31' 15" north latitudes and 83° 19' 50" cupied by 12.47 per cent of the total population. Out of and 88° 17' 40" east longitudes. The total area of the these urban centres, 16, viz., Patna, Bihar, Gay&, Arrah, state is 173 877 km2 and it ranks ninth among all the Chapra, Muzaffarpur, Oarbhanga, Katihar, Munger, states/union territories. There are 69 914 734 persons Bhagalpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro Steel City, Ranchi, Jam enumerated; 61 195744 in rural areas and 8718990 in shed pur, Purnia and Bermo, are class I towns, 19 class urban areas of the .state during 1981 census. The total 11,57 class III, 59 class IV, 23 class V and 15 class VI. area of the state constitutes only 5.3 per cent of the Among the cities, Patna has the largest population country, while the percentage of the population resid- (918 9(3) while BerIno has the lowest (101 946).
2 MAP I
.-"., POSITION OF BIHAR JAMMU AND KASHMIR .oj . ,. IN INDIA 1981 SriRaglr ) Boundary,lnternatlonal .. _ .• _._ Boundary, StatejUnion Territory.. _._.- Capital of Indl:! .. * Capital of State/Union Territory ...... • Kilometres 100 (} 100 200 300 ~oo )" It
'-., I I ..... N \1"1 B E II -·1.~ P •.,..1" ...... '"
BURMA
OF BENGAL A R A'B I AN SEA
,.. The admlRisuatlve headquarters of .Chandigarh, y Harvana Rnd Puniab are al Chandigarh l' oJ' !" 1- 'T ., of.. 0 G. D... D. GOA, DAMAN .. DIU -;'¢ i. PONDICHERIW 1.. '? ". o () • KlvarattT ,. ... £. I ., ~ ..J t'I '"
E A N D 1 A ~ INOIItA POIN T
3 Map 2
ADMfNISTRATIVE DIVISIONS 1981 " This map shows the administrative dMs10ns of the of dash with dot; with different thicknesses as shown in state of Bihar as in 1981. It is bounded by Nepal in the the legend of the map. ~ north. Orissa in the south. West Bengal1n the east and Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in the west. The The state has been divided into seven divisions com capital of the state Is shown by the star mark and head prising thirty one districts and fIVe hundred eighty seven quarters of the districts are shown by encircled dot. The Community Development Blocks. Community administrative boundaries such as, International, state, Development Blocks have been shown in a separate - division and district have been represented by symbols map to avoid congestion In this map.
4 MAP 2
BIHAR ('"._, I'\," 'C. '_', ADMINISTRATIVE DIVIS10NS ~ t. \ 1981 ( PASHCHIM I "', CHAMPARAN ;,....'" .... or. aw'''H \ '1.-: /'",,, ("" _) "OnH"", 't. ..-' t' Q ('_'_:'" .-' ® \. SITAHARH,. ~', A L ..,' GO'ALGANJ'<\ PURBA r @ )'I.' '_". Jl - ,.,,, • @ \.CHAMPARAN~·~ITAMARHI J ...... r1.\ .~ • 1 ( _.GOPALGANJ ...... , \. ,'''1:::., MADHUBANI ",._. \\. .-..,j ...... /. t ...... ~"._'\_ .),. .~.:J,. I i @ ,.' J "'.J oJ .) r ...., ...... K.(.'-H-..... ;.>u'\._.1 I"" \ .. _., MADHUBANI _.' I / ;'''' ® I!WAM \"!'-\ MUZAFFARPUR i \_'~'\, :oJ: \ ~•• / \, S!WAN ~f \ ®: @DA_ANGA', -'" ' '. ,_/ ( MUZAFfARPUR ,AQARBHANGA\:r K 0) 5 ._l ~. \.., " ...... '" ." ( ) ) " ..... j. SARAN'\ \"--'-1IAM"":'~''''_''''' SAHARSA ( PUR N I A • _, 1. CHAPIA \VAISHALI: ®SAMASTIPI·JI{... ®! ~'" _ . J ® .. ~ I. HAjI'UR !DARBKANt-A:' SAHARSA ! PURNIA ® r'-', • \ ...1 '-.~., "v""'( ...... I® • _ \ ' .... 7".... \ (-.,._. __ 1 .~ J /' ARaAH® i'ATNA *',\ ( J Ij "( .....AI '-. \ ) KAT I H A R , ./. BHOJPUR.I ...... L. f.;... ..BEGUSAR~I. i Ii i ® ~ ...... ) ,) ( PAT N A .~._../ t_ IEGUlARAI·... l'"...... " •...{ RAnltAR (.r .;, I -._.- '. '. (!) .' . • .-- ,... .,-. ". .'-- " . f ., ..... _,..~ ® .' ",-. ..-""., .... , " ." -._.)', / ..... _ r./' ... ·-' IIHAR '''_'-', .,/ ". eHAGAIJ'UR ~~ '.",. /' i~ ". ..-'. <::", ( ® ...... l .. MUNGER r: ® r-J "\';/__ .;) ) '1\.._ NALANDA~} M U N G I! R '(BHAGALPURi \', ( P A ."" T _'-( N \. A 1 "'I .I...... • . ,/. -", ...-- .. , ( , , R 0 H T A S ®./ / GAY A /NAWADA .....i" (-...... \ i \. IASARAM ."'·"UIlAHGA8AD~. GAYA NAW
M IIAIT O. GIlUNWICH
5 Map2A
COMMUNITY DEVEL0PMENT BLOCKS 1981 .,.. The map shows Community Development Blocks In the districts. There are 43 C. D. Blocks In Ranchi dis each district during 1981 census. The different jurisdic trict which is the highest number whereas the lowest tional boundaries are shown by appropriate symbol as number of C. D. Blocks can be found in the district of per legend in the map. Due to limitation of space in the Dhanbad. Nawada and Gopalganj (10 each). There is map. C. D. Blocks are shown by code number. The also a large variation in total area among the Com detaRs of the code number of C. D. Blocks are indicated munity Development Blocks. Manoharpur In 2 with names at annexure - A in this volume. Singhbhum district Is the largest In area (56.01 km ) among all the C. D. Blocks. The smallest area is 2 There are 587 C. D. Blocks in the state during 1981 measured for Bettiah C. D. Block (5.36 km ) In Pash census. The total number of C. D. Blocks varies within chlm Champaran district in the state.
6 MAP 2A
'4 .i BIHAR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCKS 1981
'" Q ..
•
DlrrlllCT CODINo. DlSTIIICT CODE NO.
PATNA S~M...srIPUR 11 ,. NALANDA OARBHANGA 18 III NAWADA M~OHUBANI 19 o GAY" S~H~RS~ 20 III AU~NG~O PURNI~ 21 ROHTAS KATIHAR U BHOJPUR MUNGER 2l SARAN BHAGALPUR 24 SIWAN SANTHAL PARGANA 25 GOPALGANJ 10 DHANBAD 26 PASHCHIH CHAMPmN II GIRIDIH 21 o PURBA CH~MPA_ 12 HAZARIBAG 11 SITAHARHI 11 PALAMU 29 HUZAFFARPUR 14 RANCHI )0 .OUNO.... T. INTERNATIONAL s s VAISHAU IS SINGHBHUH 11 STATE BEGU5m1 16 DISTRICT Note:- The flrst flgure In the map .. district code number. C. D. ILOCK the ll!cond ones (after hyphen) Is C. O. Block code number •
•i lAST OF GRElNWltH
7 Map 3
CHANGES IN ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES 1971-81
The map show~ the changes in administrative boun- daries occurred during 1971-81. The administrative Name of Number of From To setup in 1981 are shown by black boundary symbols. district villages C.D. Block C.D. Block transferred The inter censal changes at the C. D. Block level are shown by colour shade as per the legend of the map. 2 3 4 The 1971 district boundaries are shown by red colour. Rohtas Kudra Ramgarh There was re-organisation in the jurisdictional boun- daries inthestateduring 1971-81. In t971 census, there Purba Champaran 6 Harsidhi Paharpur were 17 districts, which were raised to 31 In 1981. Four- -do- 4 Paharpur Harsidhi teen new districts have been created. The new districts are Nalanda (Patna), Rohtas (Shahabad), Pashchim Muzaffarpur Dholi (Moraul) Sakra Champaran (Champaran), Begusarai (Munger), Katihar (Purnia), Giridih (Hazaribag), Nawada, Aurangabad Vaishali 3 Goraul Mahua (Gaya), Siwan, Gopalganj (Saran), Sitarnarhi, VaishaJi Samastipur Sarairanjan Samastipur (Muzaffarpur), Samastipur and Madhubani (Darbhan- ga). Purba Champaran and Bhojpuf shared the revised Darbhanga Darbhanga Keotiranway area of Champaran and Shahabad districts respective- -do- Darbhanga Singhwara Iy. -do- Jale Singhwara The number of C. D. Blocks in 1971 were 587 in Bihar. Although the above figure remained unaltered In 1981 -do- Hayaghat Bahadurpur also but at village level number of changes In the ad- Madhubani Pandaul Madhubani ministrative boundaries occurred. The ~lIs of such \~.~, changes including the changes which are not shown on -do- Jainagar Basopattl the map are listed below:- Munger 24 Sangrampur Kharagpur
-do- 8 Barahiya Lakhisarai Statement showing transfer of villages from one C. D. Block to otHer dudng 1971·81 -do- 2 Halsl Sikandra -do- 16 Parbatta Gogrl
Name of Number of From To Ranchi 18 Senha Shandra district villages C.D. Block C.D. Block transferred -do- 2 Verno Sisal
-do- Sisai Verno 2 3 4 Singhbhum 83 Seraikela Adityapur Patna 11 Pandarak Barh (Gamarla)
Nalanda Glrlak Bihar -do- 13 Adityapur Seraikela (Gam aria) Aurangabad Goh Haspura
8 86 ~~:-:~-----==4======-1 oi MAP 3 BIHAR CHANGES IN BOUNDA:I~~IIN9ISTRATIVE71-81
p
Q A
_,
l.:i '\ ) \A 1" _~'.J,.' \ SANTHAL PARGANA ~. ...i ( j I c:/ j-, ,...... • 'w' 1- . ('._ J \ 1" ~ ~ ...... ".'\. (,-.J' () .". '-' 'S- <, ,I. ._.I"( .,. ( l. oG j ,. \ AREATO OTHER TRANSFERRED FROM ONE C. D. BLOCK .,. .... \j\,._ III TRANSFER OF AREA o HAS NOT BEEN SHO~~S THAN 700 HECTARES m .)
III . _ ./ :r ( r ...·· { ~.\. NEWLY CREATED DISTRICTS IN 1974 \. ~._ . ,J" ...._,..- ...... "",. ?. '. ".\. .I (\...... " .
_._. 0 (..' ...... rr·\., NAMES OF OLD DISTRICT b. \...... , I' ARE UNDERLINED WHICH CONTINUED IN THE 1981 CENSU S BOUNDARY • INTERNATIONAL .. l '0000j' / .. STATE s 5 CHAMPARAN DISTRICT .. DISTRICT (1911) RE - NAMED AS PASHCHIM HA SCHAMPARAN BEEN SPLIT UPAND IN TWO DISTRICTS AND DISTRICT (1981) _ . CD. __. _ .- SHAHABAD DI STRICT PURBA CI-h'IMPARAN .. • • LOCK (1971) ------40 C. D.BLOCK(1981) ...... ~ UR AND ROHTAS 0 DISTRICTS AND :::==-_~______liE - NAM ED AS BHOJpHAS BEEN SPLIT UP IN TW 8; EAST OF GREENWICH : "," 9 Map4
RELIEF AND DRAINAGE
The map depicts the physiographic features of the which are called lower plateau. The slope is towards state as per legend given on the map. On the basis of south-east direction but in western part along North physical features Bihar may be divided into three Koel river, the region sloPQS towards the north. The regions Le. (I) Himalayan Foothills, (II) Bihar Plain and fringe of this region has more or less characteristics of (III) Bihar Plateau. the plain. This is formed by the debris of the streams descending down the hills. The southern part of this I. Himalayan foothills - It is located in the northern region is known as Singhbhum plateau which covers part of Pashchim Champaran district. This region com Singhbhum district. The average height of this plateau prises Dun and Sumeshwar ranges of Siwalik hills which is 150 m but there are many hillocks of 300 m and even is a part of Himalayan system. Dun range is about 32 more. Dalma and Baghmundi are the main ranges in kms. in length while Sumeshwar runs along 72 kms. at this plateau. The region slopes towards the south-east the average height of 450 metres. direction. The entire Chotanagpur plateau is very rich in mineral deposits. II. Bihar Plain - It is a part of the Indo-Ganga Plain where surface is monotonously levelled. Some varia Drainage system -The topographic features control tions in surface is noticed in the southern part. The the drainage system. According to the flow of rivers, monotony is broken in the southern part of this region this system can be divided into two broad categories: due to extension of the plateau margins. This plain is (i) Ganga system - Ganga river enters the state from the further divided into two micro-regions, i.e., North Bihar west and flows towards the east. It receives large quan Plain and South Bihar Plain. The North Bihar Plain is tity of water during rains. It is a life line of the state. A a riverain plain which extends between tarai of Nepal in large number of rivers join Ganga from north and south the north upto the northern bank of the Ganga in the directions. Ghaghara, Gandak and Kosi are the main south. This plain is very fertile and densely populated. tributaries of Ganga which join it at various points. Kosi The general slope is towards south-east. The area is called 'sorrow' of Bihar and it is the wildest and most beyond Kosi is known for flood havoc. It Is the 'play devastative river. Its bed is raised due to siltation which ground' of Kosi river as frequent shifts of the channels caused frequent floods. Other small tributaries are Sik are the main characteristics of the region. The rana, Burhi Gandak, Mahananda and Kamla. Most of South Bihar Plain extends roughly from 150 m these streams originate from the Himalaya and thus contour in the south upto the bank of Ganga river in the they are perennial. Son, Punpun, Morhar, Mohane and north. This region is broad in the west and tapers Gumani are the right bank tributaries of Ganga. Except towards the east. The general slope of the region is Son, other streams originate from the Chotanagpur
I towards north-east direction. There are numerous iso plateau and flow towards north-east direction. Their lated hills, located in this tract. Barabar, Rajgir and beds are wide and shallow. During rains, these streams Kharagpur hills are a few examples in this regard. Due are torrential. Son is the main river with very wide chan to intrusion of Kharagpur hills towards north, Ganga has nel and frequently changes its course. North Koel is its taken a sharp bend near Munger district. main tributary which originates from Ranchi plateau. (ii) Southern drainage system - A number of streams III. Bihar Plateau - This tract is more prominently originate from Chotanagpur plateau and flow mainly known as Chotanagpur plateau and extends south of towards the south and south-east directions. South 150m contour. It consists of a series of plateaus of dif Koel, Subarnarekha, Damodar and Barakar rivers have terent elevations. Ranchi plateau is the highest with an wide drainage basins. Ajai, Mar, Konar, Bokaro and elevation of about 11 OOm. This is also known as 'pat' Sankh are the other tributaries which drain in this tract. lands. The geological structure of 'pat' lands consists The rivers flowing in this region have wide shallow chan of Deccan lava. From this zone, the slope gradually nel with occasional and sectoral steep slopes. There descends to all directions in a gradual manner. The are a number of rapids and falls in the course of these area, east of the above plateau, comes under Hazaribag streams. During rains, these streams suddenly rise but plateau which extends upto Rajmahal hills in Santhal quickly fall to its original level. The flow of water is con Pargana. The average height is 600m above the mean tinuous only in rainy season. sea level but there are areas with 300m height also
10 Map4
RELIEF AND DRAINAGE
The map depicts the physiographic features of the which are called lower plateau. The slope is towards state as per legend given on the map. On the basis of south-east direction but in western part along North physical features Bihar may be divided into three Koel river, the region slopes towards the north. The regions I.e. (I) Himalayan Foothills, (II) Bihar Plain and fringe of this region has more or less characteristics of (III) Bihar Plateau. the plain. This is formed by the debris of the streams descending down the hills. The southern part of this I. Himalayan foothills - It is located in the northern region is known as Singhbhum plateau which covers part of Pashchim Champaran district. This region com Singhbhum district. The average height of this plateau prises Dun and Sumeshwar ranges of Siwalik hills which is 150 m but there are many hillocks of 300 m and even is a part of Himalayan system. Dun rahge Is about 32 more. Dalma and Baghmundi are the main ranges in kms. in length while Sumeshwar runs along 72 kms. at this plateau. The region slopes towards the south-east the average height of 450 metres. direction. The entire Chotanagpur plateau is very rich in mineral deposits. II. Bihar Plain - It is a part of the Indo-Ganga Plain where surface is monotonously levelled. Some varia Drainage system -The topographic features control tions in surface is noticed in the southern part. The the drainage system. According to the flow of rivers, monotony is broken in the southern part of this region this system can be divided into two broad categorles: due to extension of the plateau margins. This plain is (i) Ganga system - Ganga river enters the state from the further dMded into two micro-regions, i.e., North Bihar west and flows towards the east. It receives large quan PJain and South Bihar Plain. The North Bihar Plain is tity of water during rains. It is a life line of the state. A a riverain plain which extends between tarai of Nepal in large number of rivers join Ganga from north and south the north upto the northern bank of the Ganga In the directions. Ghaghara. Gandak and Kosi are the main south. This plain is very fertile and densely populated. tributaries of Ganga which join it at various points. Kosi The general slope Is towards south-east. The area is called 'sorrow' of Bihar and it is the wildest and most beyond Kosi is known for flood havoc. It Is the 'play devastative river. Its bed is raised due to siltation which ground' of Kosi river as frequent shifts of the channels caused frequent floods. Other small tributaries are Sik are the main characteristics of the region. The rana, Burhi Gandak, Mahananda and Kamla. Most of South Bihar Plain extends roughly from 150 m these streams originate from the Himalaya and thus contour in the south upto the bank of Ganga river in the they are perennial. Son, Punpun, Morhar, Mohane and north. This region is broad in the west and tapers Gumani are the right bank tributaries of Ganga. Except towards the east. The general slope of the region Is - Son, other .streams originate from the Chotanagpur
I towards north-east direction. There are numerous iso plateau and flow towards north-east direction. Their lated hills, located in this tract. Barabar, Rajgir and . beds are wide and shallow. During rains, these streams Kharagpur hills are a few examples in this regard. Due are torrential. Son is the main river with very wide chan to intrusion of Kharagpur hills towards north, Ganga has nel and frequently changes its course. North KoeIls Its taken a sharp bend near Munger district. main tributary which originates from Ranchl plateau. (ii) Southern drainage system - A number of streams III. Bihar Plateau - This tract is more prominently originate from Chotanagpur plateau and flow mainly known as Chotanagpur plateau and extends south of towards the south and south-east directions. South 150m contour. It consists of a serjes of plateaus of dif Koel, Subarnarekha, Damodar and Barakar rivers have ferent elevations. Ranchl plateau is the highest with an wide drainage basins. Ajai, Mor, Konar. Bokaro and elevation of about 1100m. This is also known as 'pat' Sankh are the other tributaries which drain in this tract. lands. The geologiesl structure of 'pat' lands consists The rivers flowing in this region have wide shallOw chan of Deccan lava. From this zone, the slope gradually nel with occasional and sectoral steep slopes. There descends to all directions in a gradual manner. The are a number of rapids and falls in the course of these area, east of the above plateau, comes under Hazaribag streams. During rains, these streams suddenly rise but plateau which extends upto Rajmahal hUls in Santhal quickly fall to Its original level. The flow of water is con Pargana. The average height is 600m above the mean tinuous only in rainy season. sea level but there are areas with 300m height also
10 MAP .of
88' BIHAR RELIEF AND DRAINAGE . ,
() L
<
'" ".,. ., w GENERALISED RELIEF III
1,11 /_./ 900 (m) :r J". \._._ . 600 300 o 150 u· " 75 BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _. _. - s s o STATE _ . _ . _ . _ KILOMETRES 40 10
u· EAST Of C;IIE1NWICH MAP .. •.; ,,0 88 BIHAR RELIEF AND DRAINAGE
o L
1&1 GENERALISED RELIEF 1ft en ._ / :r i,-. 900 (m) \ ...... _. 600 300 o ISO rl 75 s BOUNDARY . INTERNATIONAL _. _ . - 5 o .. STATE _ ._._ . _ KILOMETRES 4(1 10 0 4(1
81.° EAST OF GREENWICH 88°
11 Map 5
NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL RAINFALL
The map shows normal monthly and annual rainfall Himalayan region in Pashchim Champaran district. The in the state. The average rainfall of the selected areas nearby Netarhat and Amrapara have annual rain meteorological stations has been calculated forthe last fall of more than 1600 mit!. Due to locational factors the ten years and plotted on the map. Isohyets are drawn trend of annual rainfall decreases from north, east and to depict the annual rainfall whereas monthly rainfall of south towards the central part of the state. Thus, the the few selected stations are shown by histograms. central part receives the lowest rainfall. The isohyets of 1000 mm covers the area around Barh. The major share of the annual rainfall in the state Is received through the south-west monsoon which has The normal monthly rainfall for selected stations the duration of nearly four months (June~September). show that July and August receive maximum rainfall During this period, the state receives approximately with variation in other months of the monsoon period. 1200 mm rainfall ..The rest of the rainfall occurs during December has the minimum rainfall. March, April and the remaining months of the year. At regional level, the November are dry months. Among the stations shown variation in rainfall ranges between 1000 mm to 2000 in the map, Kishanganj has recorded the maximum rain mm. The maximum normal annual rainfall (above 2000 fall whereas the minimum may be seen at Barh. mm) occurs in north-eastern Purnia and foothills of
Normal monthly and annual rainfall in selected stations
(Figures in MiiNmetres)
Station Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Siwan 14.7 18.5 10.2 9.7 30.5 136.4 327.9 314.2 225.8 57.7 5.6 4.6 1155.8
Kishanganj 11.9 17.5 18.8 60.2 167.4 393.2 543.3 476.3 363.5 112.9 9.4 3.1 2177.4
Barh 12.5 20.3 9.1 8.1 26.9 140.2 238.8 265.4 185.4 43.9 8.6 3.3 962.5
Amrapara 12.2 20.3 19.8 27.7 100.6 288.0 344.7 358.7 304.5 138.2 15.5 3.8 1636.0
Hazaribag 26.2 35.3 24.9 15.7 48.5 194.3 321.8 349.0 219.7 79.5 18.0 5.8 1338.7
Netarhat 32.0 42.9 33.3 13.2 42.4 243.8 504.2 511.6 251.2 108.7 26.2 7.9 1817.4
Jamshedpur 16.5 31.~ 19.1 31.0 87.6 224.8 368.5 358.7 209.0 70.9 19.6 4.6 1439.5
12 MAP 5
UO BIHAR NORMAL MONT"HL Y AND ANNUAL RAINFALL
'" Q
It' ,...~ \ »0 .. " SlWAN • 1156 MM. \.. 26" ""'"'. ..J It' ..... \.. '> .-.\.. J'\'.,.j'" ~ I . /' ,.. / 0( ,.. ,.,.' ,.j 1'" ,:, i i \ " \ ~ \ ... I ~ 2 J ./. \ i
1. \ ~ 24· "()~ • ,40D ___- ANNUAL RAINFALL (IN I1llLlMETRES) -s. <, /'" '" ...... ( ~ .,. l 2000 \,,'\ 1800 ,j Go) 1600 .,. l i OO '"\.1\" '_ 1200 o IU m ,./ 1000 I JA"~.,.gl~UR
NORMAL ; f_~' J::J' ~H. ~ . 11M. MONTHLY RAINFALL MM. \ . - " ._ ....,...... -.l . .-'" " '\ <400 <400 ' .. ._.. ) \ ...... " . (. 300 300 l ,..., i O (,."'. r ' ._.? . '\) '-. I 100 lOO " \...... , 22° 100 100 BOUNDARY, INTERNATLOHAL _ . - .. - S S A. STATE " KILOMETRES 40 20 40 BIHAR STATE I ! ! 1272 MM. . ,,0 sAO EAST OF GIlEENWICH 86
/ 13 Maps
SOILS
The map depicts the distribution of solis In Bihar. The F/uvents - Orthents (45), F/uvents - Aquepts - Aqualfs sub-order associations of soils are based on the Soil (46) and F/uvents - Psamments - Orthents (50) soil is Map of India published by the National Bureau of Soil baSically alluvium formation and brought by the rivers. Survey & Landuse Planning (ICAR), 1983. The ap Son - Ganga khadar zone is the main belt of Fluvents - proximate traditional nomenclature is also mentioned Psamments - Orthents soli group. A small patch of this in the map. The soils in the state have been grouped soil is also located along Subarnarekha river. The into eight major classes and 23 sub-order associations. presence of sand is a common characteristic of this The distribution of major classes are shown by different· group. The sub-groups 45 and 46 of this major soil shades of hatching whereas sub-order associations group are found in Muzaffarpur and along the district therein are marked by firm line with respective number. boundary of Dhanbad - Santhal Pargana - Giridih respectively. Aqualfs - Usta/fs (3) sub-order associations covers the areas of northern part of Hazarlbag, south Palamu, Onhents - Aquepts - Ochrepts (57), Orthents - south Santhal Pargana and southern Munger districts Ochrepts (58), Orthents - Ochrepts - Ustalfs (59) and forming three pockets. This soil is high base status Orthents - Tropepts (61) soil associations are mostly . (hydromorphic) with red loamy, red sandy and alluvial found in north Bihar plain and the fringe part of south contents. The Aqua/fs - Ochrepts - Orthents (4) con Bihar plain. A very small pocket of this soil group (59) sists of shallow black, brown. and recently formed al may be seen in the southern part of SlnghDhum district luvial soils. This type of soil· may be seen only in the also. The sub-group 57 covers the large portion of this central part of Santhal Pargana and Aurangabad dis major group and spread over in the districts of Purnia, tricts. In the northern part of Santhal Pargana district Katihar, Purba Champaran, Sitamarhi, Dharbhanga and Aqua/fs - F/uvents -Aquents (5) soils can be seen. The parts of Nalanda and Munger. The sub-group 61 con coverage of Aqua/fs - Ochrepts - F/uvents (6) is negli fines to only one pocket near Patna and northern part gible in the state. of Nalanda districts. Orthents - Ochrepts (58) soil is dis tributed in southern Katihar and Madhubani districts Ustalfs - Ochrepts (9), Ustalfs - Ochrepts - Aquepts only. The soil is of recent formation with brown, shal (11), Ustalfs - Aqualfs - Ochrepts (17) and Ustalfs - low black and sandy characteristics. It is fertile and Ochrepts - Orthents (18) association of salls are main suitable for agricultural persuits. ly concentrated in Chot~nagpur plateau. There are few small patches of other soils In between this large tract. Aquepts - Ochrepts (64) association of soil is con Palamu, Ranchi, Hazaribag, Singhbhum, Giridih, Dhan solidated in two pockets. The first patch is located in bad, Nawada, southern Bhagalpur, parts of Santhal Par the districts of Gaya, Aurangabad and Patna whereas gana, Rohtas and south Bhojpur are the districts the other may be seen in Purnia and Katihar districts. covered underthis group of soil. The soil is red loamy, Brown, shallow black and alluvial soils are the main red sandy, shallow black, brown and at some places it composition of this soil group. is recently formed. Ochrepts (70), Ochrepts - Orthents - Usta/fs (74), Udalfs (20) is high base status soil of humid region Ochrepts - Aquepts (80) and Ochrepts - Fluvents (83) and is found only in Gapalganj, Siwan and Saran dis associations are located in different patches. The sub tricts. The soil is very fertile and cQmes under 'bangar' group 74 covers very insignificant area in the state. category. . Ochrepts (70) and Ochrepts - Aquepts (80) soil groups are spread over in a elongated belt in south and north Aquents - Fluvents (33) and Aquents - Orthents (34) of Ganga river respectively. The parts of Munger, association of soil groups are spread over in two Bhagalpur, Patna, Samastipur and Vaishali districts separate pockets along the drainage-course of Gandak come under the above soil groups. Ochrepts -F/uvents and Kosi rivers. The soil is recent alluvial brought by (83) is located in northern parts of Pashchim Cham the above rivers. It is mainly a 'khadar' tract generally paran district which is the foot hills of Himalayan region. flooded during the rainy season. The basic characteristic of this soil Is shallow black and brown. The presence of alluvium is also a common fea ture.
14 ..0 BIHAR SOILS
A L
z
«,
7.4" LEGEND -N NO. • AQU'lf> - USTALF!i ,QUALFS - OCHREPTS - ORTHENTS ~ AQUALFS - FLUvEN15 _ AQUENTS AQUAI.FS .. DCHREPTS - FLUVENTS A,. {~ USTALfS - OCHREPTS USTALfS - OCHREPTS - AQUEPTS .,. 11 ~ USTALfS - AQUAlfS - OCHREP15 fIS USTAlFS - OCHREPTS _ OI'.THEN15 1 '" 20 ~ UDALFS {33 AQUENTS - FlUVENTS 34 ITlIIITI AQUENTS - ORTHENTS "~ III FWVENTS - ORTHENTS 0 46 ~ FLU VENTS - AQUEPTS - AQUAlFS tSO fLUVENTS - PSAMMENTS - ORTHENTS J57 ORTHENTS· AQUEPTS - OCHREPTS 58~ ORTHENTS - OCHREPTS l59 ORTHENTS - OCHREPTS - USTALfS 61 ORTHENTS. TROPEPTS 64 § AQUEPT; - OCHREPTS OCHREPTS OCHREPTS - OR.THENTS _ UST ALfS {E0 OCHREPTS - AQUEPTS o 83 DCHREPTS - FLUVENTS APPROXIMATE TRADITIONAL NOMENCLATURE S 5 AQUALFS High base status FLUVENTS Alluvial soils (Recent ,llluvium) BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL soits (Hyciromorpnlc) ORTHENTS Recently formed soils AQUEPTS Brown soils· (Hydromorphic) STATE USTALFS High base status _ red loa",y. red sandy and alluvial salls OCHREPTS Sh;lliow black. brown and alluvi31 KILOMETJllES SOil UDALfS Hign base ~tatll!. !.~i\s of soils (I( fIOrthefn - region " .. 2. 0 humid region PSAMMENTS Sandy soils (Recent) AQUENTS Re(encly formed hydromorphic TROPEPTS Shallow black. brown a.,d al\\.Ivi31 alluvial soils 50ils of southern _ region
.1 EAST OF GREENWICH .{
15 Map7
FORESTS
The map shows the distribution of different types of 4. Moist Gangetic High Alluvial Sal - It is mainly forests in the state as shown in the legend. concentrated in the foothills of Siwalik ranges In Pash chim Champaran district. The area under this forest is 2 Forests in the state is mainly confined to Chotanag only 365 km . pur plateau because of physiographic factors. The coverage of forests, to north of Ganga river, is limited 5. NOI1hern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest - There to the foothill tract of Siwalik in Pashchim Champaran are many patches under this forest type but it is mainly district. The total area under forests is 29226.09 km2 in located in the northern part of Chotanagpur plateau, the stpte during 1985-86 which accounts for 16.80 per covering the area of Palamu, Rohtas, Gaya, Hazaribag cent of its total geographical area. A large part of this and Giridih. The area under this forest is 364 km2. 2 area is under protected fore'St (2~ 167.57 km ). Reserved and unclassified forests cover an area of 6. Dry Tropical Bute. Forest - Only 102 km2 area 5051.43 km2 and 7.09 km2 respectively. The area under is under this forest type. There is only one patch in forests vary considerably In the districts. The largest southern part of Gaya district. coverage under forests Is In Palamu district (7008.59 2 2 km ) followed by Hazaribag (5878.86 !
3. Moist Peninsular Sal - There is 3050 km2 area Source: Forest Department of Bihar, Ranchi. under this forest. It is mainly found in the western and southern part of Singhbhum, western part of Palamu and a small patch In Santhal Pargana districts.
16 MAP 7
BIHAR FORESTS
Q
....
<
..
"~ w o DRY PENINSULAR SAL III ~- DRY SIWALIK S"L - MOIST PENINSULAR SAL (SINGHBHUM VALLEY SAL)
MOIST (GANGETIC) ~ HIGH ALLUVIAL SAL - NORTHERN DRY MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST 0 [}ill DRY TROPICAL BUTEA FOREST - GANGETIC MOIST DECIDUOUS S ,. IOUNDAIIY, INTEllNAnONAL _._._ 5 Ell RIVERAIN FOREST ,» STATI _._._._ A ACACIA CAT£CHU DlSTIIICT _._._._._ KILOHITIlES BOSWELLIA 40 :ra 40 ! ! ! fOlI.IT s::5' ..t. s...M~OO
17
DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND TRENDS
Distribution, density and growth Mapa
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION 1981
The map presents distribution of population as per population. Hilly and highly rugged areas of 'Pat' lands, the 1981 census. The rural population has been Hazaribag and Ranchi plateaus, Rajmahal hills and depicted by black dots and urban population by propor southern dissected uplands in Singhbhum district have tionate circles. Contours and rivers are also drawn to comparatively sparse population. The intervening val portray the relationship between physical features and leys have relatively higher concentration of population. distribution of population. Urban Population -A belt of urban cel"!tres is located Rural Population - The pattern of dots in the map along the Ganga river which has been important since give a clear picture that north western parts of the state ancient period because of river borne transport system. are densely populated in comparison to other parts. In the trans-Ganga zone. the urban centres are dis The areas between Kosi and Gandak and Ganga and tributed in a sporadic manner. Most of these towns Gandak are thickly populated. Suitable habitation con have also ancient origin and are historically important. ditions, fertility of soil, drainage conditions, high per Contrary to this, most of the towns in Chotanagpur centage of arabie land and ground water are some of plateau are of recent origin. A large number of urban the main factors for high concentration of population in centres owe their origin and growth to mining and in the above areas. Contrary to the high concentration of dustrial activities. A concentration of such urban population in the Bihar plain, Chotanagpur plateau centres exist near the mining belt of Dhanbad. reflects lesser concentration and uneven distribution of
20 MAP 8
88° BIHAR
DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION 1981
()
~ .,. '"
SIZE OF POPULATION OF w TOWNS/URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS
CLASS I 0 100 000 " ABOVE CLASS II 0 50000 99999 CLASS III 0 20000 49999 o UO CLASS IV 10000 19999 0 n° CLASS V 500') 9999 BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL -' _. - s 5 0 STATE _ . _._._ CLASS VI 0 BELOW 5000 DISTRICT KllOMETIIES 40 10 40 EACH DOT REPRESENTS 5000 RURAL POPULATION
84° lAST OF C;IIEENWICH 88°
21 Map9
DENSITY OF POPULATION 1981
This map depicts C. D. Blockwise density of popula (7 each). This range also covers the state average (402) 2 tion in terms of number of persons per km of area in density. 2 1981 census. In this map, density of population per km has been calculated and grouped into six suitable ran The density of population is below the state average ges. There are three ranges above and two below the in 238 C. D. Blocks in which 97 are in the range of 251- state average of 402 persons per km2 as shown in the 400 and 141 in the range of 250 & below. These Blocks legend of the map. form a compact and wide area comprising Ranchi (42), Singhbhum (30), Palamu (24), Hazaribag (21), Santhal The density of population of the state (402 persons Pargana (34) and Giridih (16) districts. The difficult ter 2 per km ) is higher than the national density of popula rain, low fertility at soil and scarcity atwater are the con 2 tion which is 215 persons per km • In the state, out of tributing factors in low density of population in above 587 C. D. Blocks, the density of population is above 851 districts. persons in 54 C.D. Blocks. These Blocks are mainly 10- cared in Vaishali (7), Siwan and Samastipur (6 each), The density of population increases from the east to Saran and Patna (4 each), Begusaral, Madhubanl and the west in the north Bihar plain and south Bihar plain Darbhanga (3 each) districts. Except Patna, the and it decreases towards the south in Chotanagpur remaining districts are under north Bihar plain. Out of plateau. However, there are isolated pockets in Dhan the remaining 533 C. D. Blocks, 188 have a density bad, Ranchi and Singhbhum districts which depict very higher than the state average range. These BJocksare high density. These pockets belong to urban centres located in the above tracts and arranged into the ran which push the density very high. The density of 2 gesof 701-850 and 551-700. There are 107C. D. Blocks population varies from 51 persons per km in Bhandaria in the rang~ of 401-550. Such Blocks are mainly located C. D. Block of Palamu district to 6 237 in Patna Rural C. in the districts of Purnia (18), Saharsa (14), Katihar, D. Block in Patna district. BhagaJpur and Bhojpur (8 each). Gaya and Munger
22 MAP 9
BIHAR DENSITY OF POPULATION 1981
III
L ..
.,. .. 'II ,. DENSITY OF POPULATION o PER kml 1ft
851 " ABOVE
- 701 - ISO ~ 551 - 700 - STATE AVERAGE o 402 ~ 401 - 550 22' BOUNDARY. INTERNAnONAL -. _. _ S 5 nATE _._._._ [ill] 251 - 400 DISTRICT kiLOMETRES 040 10 0 010 . c· D. ILOCK EJ 250 & BELOW
84° EA.ST Of ~REENWICH 86"
23 Map 10
INTERCENSAL CHANGE IN POPULATION 1971-81
The map shows the change in population during tion. The state average of 24.06 per cent is also covered 1971-81 at C. D. Block level. The percentage change in under this range. These Blocks are distributed in the each Block Is worked out and the data have been ar Bihar plain. Among the districts of Bihar plain. the fre ranged in descending order. The C. D. Blocks with in quency of C. D. Blocks vary but their large concentra crease In population are grouped Into five ranges tion is observed specially in Munger (14), Purba whereas only two ranges depict the decrease in popula Champaran (13), Saharsa and Santhal Pargana (12 tion. Different grades of Ilatching have been used for each), Bhagalpur and Madhubanl (11 each), Sitamarhi, each range as shown in the legend. Saran and Rohtas (10 each). The worth mentioning C. D. Blocks In percentage change are Sonbarsa (24.95) In Bihar state, there were 56 353 369 persons in 1971 followed by Banka and Rajmahal (24.93 each), Azam which rase to 69 914 734 in 1981 Census giving an In nagar and Nauhatta (24.91 each) and Chenari (24.90). crease of 24.06 per cent. Though the state average Is Mairwa (20.04) stands at the lowest mark of this range. near to the nationallntercensal change (25.00 per cent) yet at the C. D. Blocks level, large variations can be The next range presenting the percentage change in noted on tne map. population between 15.01 and 20.00 occupies 104 C. D. Blocks and these Blocks are distributed In a sporadic The highest percentage increase (30.01 & above) in manner through the state. The maximum of nine C. D. papulation during 1971-81 is observed in 67 Blocks. Blocks are,noted in Santhal Pargana district while only Most of these Blocks are located over the Chotanagpur one C. D. Block is observed in the districts of Patna, plateau In the districts of Palamu (8), Hazaribag (7) and Darbhanga and Purnia. Among these C. D. Blocks, Taj Dhanbad (6). Six C. D. Blocks each, in the districts of pur Morwa (19.99%) and Peterbar (15.18%) has the Saharsa and Purnia are also covered under this range. highest and the lowest Intercensal change In population Remaining C. D. Blocks are scattered mostly In the in this range. north and south Bihar plains. Chas (83.28%) In Dhan bad and Patratu (76.92%), Mandu (60.29%) in The lowest range of change in population (15.00 & Hazaribag districts are at the top in percentage change below) is confined to 82 C. D. Blocks and a large num in population among all the C. D. Blocks of the state. ber of these Blocks are located in a compact belt cover Patratu also had the highest increase in population ing the districts of Ranchi (31) and Singhbhum (20). (67.69%) during 1961-71. The highest increase In the Another tract of 18 Blocks is situated in south Santhal above C. D. Blocks may be corroborated with in Pargana district. Jagannathpur C. D. Block depicts the dustrialisation, urbanisation and in-migration. lowest change (2.12%) in population among all the Blocks in state during 1971-81. The percentage change in population in the range of 25.01 - 30.00 covers 108 C. D. Blocks. These Blocks All the C. D. Blocks In the state depict increase in are located in the vicinity of the C. D. Blocks with the population In various proportion but there are eight C. highest intercensal change. These C. D. Blocks are D. Blocks where the change is negative. These Blocks mainly concentrated in the districts of Hazaribag (14) are located in the districts of Singhbhum (7) and Ranchi and Palamu (9) in south and Purnia (14), Bhagalpur (8) (1). Namkum C. D. Black of Ranchi has the maximum Katihar (5) and Saharsa (4) in north east part ofthe state. decrease (- 9.90%) in papulation because Doranda and The remaining C. D. Blocks are scattered in the state. Jagannathpur towns have been merged in Ranchi In this range, Pothia (29.82%) presents the highest Municipal Corporation during 1971-81. Other C. D. change whereas the lowest is noted in Manpur Blocks with decrease in population are Majhgaon (25.07%). ' (-7.82%), Khuntpani (- 5.97%), Majhari (- 4.62%), Tonto (- 4.25%), Kumardungi (- 3.18%). Tantanagar (- 0.26%) The largest number at C. D. Blocks (218) fali in the and Kuchai (- 0.14%). category of 20.01 to 25.00 per cent increase in papula-
24 HAP 10
.i BIHAR INTERCENSAL CHANGE IN POPULATION 1971-81
p
Q L ..
" " PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN POPULATION ~ w 1971 -81 '0 I NCREASE DECREASE III , 1.1 III _ 30.01 "ABOVE t=::-::::=::::::~ 5.01 " ABOVE :z: _ 15·01 - 30000 1:::::: :15,00" BELOW
STATE AVERAGE ~lO'OI - 25-00--24.06 o UO ~ 15.01 - 20.00 BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL S S STATE "\$.00 "BELOW DISTRICT KILOMETIIE! .. 20 .. C. D. BLOCK
a4 EAST OF GREINWICN
25 Map 11
GROWTH OF POPUlATION 1901-81
The map shows the decadal growth of rural and decrease of - 7.23 per cent in rural population Is urban population in each district in the state since 190 1- recorded. During 1971-81, Hazaribag (29.80%) district 81. Histograms, consisting of bars proportionate to the represents the highest percentage increase in rural absolute rural and urban population for each census population in the state followed by Palamu (26.20%), year, are drawn in all the districts. The rural and urban Dhanbad (26.07%), Pumia (25.58%) and Begusarai bars overfap each other. These bars are shaded to dis (25.03%) whereas the lowest (7.70%) is recorded in tinguish rural and urban population as shown in the Ranchi district. legend of the map. Urban population - The growth of urban population Rural population - There was 27.31 million rural is faster than rural in the state as well as in the districts population in the state during 1901 census which in during 1901-81. TDI1921. decrease in urban population creased to 61.15 million in 1981 showing an increase of was not uncommon. The highest increase in urban 133.44 per cent. Among the districts, variation in . population is witnessed in the state as well as In the dis population is smooth. It is the highest in Pumia tricts during 1971-81. During 1901-81, there is an In (210.40%) and the lowest in Santhal Pargana (94.32%) crease of approximately seven times (694_81 %) In districts. In the decadal growth rate, minimum increase urban population In the state. Slnghbhum (10505.55%) (3.90%) in rural population in the state was recorded district depicts exceptionally very high Increase In during 1901-11 but during 1911-21, the rural population urban population. Other dIstricts. where more than ten decreased by - 1.01 per cent. Since then, there is a times Increase In urban population Is noticed. are regular increase in rural population. Glrldlh (2517.77%). Ranchl (1474.22%). Katlhar (1278.93%). Pumia (1222.94%). Hazaribag (1158.06%). Similar trend in growth of rural population Is noticed Palamu (1 044.36%} , Santhal Pargana (1002.14%). In at district level during the decades. However, negative Dhanbad district, urban population was enumerated rural growth had been registered in the districts of Patna during 1921 for the first time. Since then, an Increase (- 0.61%), Bhojpur (- 3.87%), Saran (- 4.66%). Gopal of 5563.22 per cent (1921-81) Is recorded In this district. , ganj (-4.79%) and Rohtas (-5.04%) during 1901-11 and The lowest percentage Increase In urban population In in twenty one districts during 1911-21. The decline in the state during 1901-81 remains In Darbhanga population in this decade was primarily due to natural (166.14%) district. The growth ci urban population Is calamities. Since 1921, increase in rural population higher in Chotanagpur plateau because of the among the districts is a continuous process. There Is availability of minerals which caused Industrial develop an exceptional change in Dhanbad district durfng 1961- ment. In north Bihar plain, which is an agriclJtural belt, 71. Due to conversion of rural areas Into urban, a the urbanisation process is slow.
26 MAP II
16° 8i BIHAR GROWTH OF POPULATION 1901-81
_...... _, "
~ ,., <
~
((, ... .' 14° ,GO BIHAR ... J ... !
"" III ...
_ IlURAL
URIAN V VAISHAU 8 IEGUSARAI - .. BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL STATE DISTRICT
mnUll:D".II;:IANGA
8,." E"ST' Of GIIIINWICH 16· 18·
27 Map 12
FERTILITY 1981
This map represents districtwlse percentage of Champaran, Gopalganj. Munger, Samastlpur, Saran, children In the age group 0-4 to total women In the age Begusarai. Glrldih, Rohtas. Gaya, Nalanda, Dhanbad, group 15-44 as in 1981 census. Districtwlse percent Bhojpur and Patna. The highest value of this range Is age of children in the age group 0-4 to total women in 67.89 per cent in Aurangabad and 65.17 per cent is the the age group 15-44 has been calculated and grouped lowest in Patna. The state average 65.66 per cent also into fIVe suitable ranges and are hatched from high to falls in this category. low by choropleth as shown in the legend of the map. In the range of 62.01 - 65.00, there are only four dis There are only two districts in the range of 71.01 per tricts, namely. Muzaffarpur, Nawada, Sltamarhl and cent and above, comprising Palamu (76.50%) and Saharsa. The highest value of this range is 64.92 per Bhagalpur (71.25%). In the range of 68.01 - 71.00 per cent of Muzaftarpur and 62.97 per cent is the lowest in cent, six districts are covered. These districts are Saharsa. Katihar, Hazaribag, Purnia, Vaishall, Siwan and Pash chirtl Champaran. The highest value of this range is There are five districts. comprising Santhal Pargana, 70.46 per cent in Katihar and 68.02 per cent is the lowest Madhubanl. Darbhanga. Ranchl and Singhbhum, In the in Pashchim Champaran. range of 62.00 per cent and below. It varies between 61.96 per cent in Santhal Pargana and 53.68 per cent in There are fourteen districts falling In the range of Singhbhum. 65.01 - 68.00. These districts are Aurangabad, Purba
28 MAP 12
Ii BIHAR FERTILITY 1981
It
III
Q
_,
~
~
II)
1M NUMBER OF CHILDREN (0-4) PER 100 WOMEN (15-44)
71.01 • AIOYE
61.01 - 71.DO -III STATE AYEIlAGI --65.66 o 65.01 - 6I.DO ~ n $ BOUNDAIY, INTERNATIONAL _._. _ s 61.01 - 65.DO "STATE _._._._ R DISTRICT KILOHETIIIS , T r , ITillIIJ 61.DO • BELOW
Ii
29 Map 13
EVER MARRIED WOMEN AND TOTAL CHILDREN BORN TO THEM 1981
The map depicts the total number of children ever The highest number of districts (15) in the state are born per 100 ever married women during 1981 census. recorded under the range of 301-320. The state The data regarding the number of children born per 100 average (308) also falls under this category. These dis ever married women have been worked out for each tricts are situated mainly In the central pan of the state district of the state and grouped Into five suitable forming a contiguous belt on the map. Among the dis categories from high to'low order. Districts failing in tricts In this range, Saran (320) has the highest ratio of each range are hatched with different shades as shown children, followed by Aurangabad (318), Slwan (316), In the legend of the map. Gaya (315), Nalanda (312) etc. Pashchlm Champaran (302) reported the lowest number of children born to There are 59.20 million children and 19.23 million 100 ever married women in this range. ever married women in Bihar returned In 1981 census. The ratio of children per 100 ever married women The lowest proponlon of children born per 100 ever comes to-308 for the state. Among the districts, a wide married women have been grouped into the range 281 range of variation exists. Katihar (353) and Palamu - 300 and 280 & below and each range covers seven (341) districts situated in the nonh-east and south-west and two districts respectively. These districts are main of the state have the highest number of children per 100 Iylocated in north Bihar plain starting from Purba Cham ever married women. paran (291) In the west upto Saharsa (292) In the east. Rohtas (298), Santhal Pargana (293) and Ohanbad The number of children born per 100 ever married (277) districts are situated away from the above belt. women in the range of 321 to 340 are spread over in five Madhubanl (262) district has returned the lowest num districts, viz., Ranchl (330), Vaishali and Pumia (326 ber of children per 100 ever married women among all each), Hazaribag (325) and Patna (324). the districts of the state In 1981.
30 • A. IS
M' BIHAR EVER MARRIED WOMEN AND TOTAL CHILDREN BORN TO THEM 1981
L
..
" w "., NUMBER OF CHILDREN BORN TO '" PER 100 EVER MARRIED WOMEN 1/1 341 a. ABOVI 1m 321 - 340 - STATE AVIRAGI 301 o ~ :101 - no S 5 BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _._.- ZIII - 300 .. STATI _._._.- a KILOHmlS DISTRICT , T f , ITIIIJJ ZIG a. BELOW
M IAIT OF GUI_eH ".
31 Map 14
SEX RATIO 1981
This map represents the number of females per 1000 The number of females per 1000 males in the range males In the state as per the 1981 census and have been of 900-999 is spread over in 417 C. D. Blocks. The grouped into five categories. These are shown by highest number of C. D. Blocks are observed In Santhal choropleth according to high to low value in each C. D. Pargana (39) followed by Pumia (25), Palamu (23). Block. Gaya and Munger (21 each). Saharsa (20). Singhbhum (19). Rohtas and Bhojpur (18 each). Besides. the C. D. In these five categories, two are (comprising 119 C. Blocks of Nalanda and Aurangabad districts also come D. Blocks) above and two (comprising 51 C. D. Blocks) in this range. The sex ratio In this range varies between below the state average (946). The females per 1000 999 In Andhratharhl C. O. Block of Madhubanl district. males In the range of 1100 & above comprises nine C. 900 In Forbesganj C. D. Block of Pumia district and D. Blocks which are falling in Siwan (4), Hazaribag (3), Musabanl C. D. Block of Singhbhum district. The state . Saran and Giridih (one each) districts. The highest sex average (946) also falls In this category. ratio of 1173 females per 1000 males is recorded In Markacho C. D. Block of Hazaribag district while the There are 47 C. D. Blocks in the category of 801-899 lowest (1105) is recorded in Jainagar C. D. Block of the females per 1000 males. The highest value Is 899 In same district in this range. Dumra C. D. Block of Sltamarhl whOe 803 Is the lowest in Chas C. D. Block of Ohanbad district. There are 110 C. D. Blocks grouped In the category of 1000-1099 females per 1000 males. It varies from Only four C. D. Blocks constitute the fifth category 1095 in Maharajganj C. D. Block of Siwan district to a (800 & below). Out of these, three C. D. Blocks are lo balanced ratio of 1000 femalesl1 000 males In Bhandra cated in Dhanbad district and one C. D. Block In C. D. Block of Ranchi district and Bengabad C. D. Block Hazaribag district. Jharia-cum-Jorapokhar-cum-Slndrl of Glridlh district. The range covers 27 C. D. Blocks of (730) depiCts the lowest number of females per 1000 Ranchl followed by Singhbhum (11), Saran and Siwan males In the entire state preceded by Dhanbad-cum (10 each), Gopalganj. Glrlclih and Hazarlbag (7 each) Kenduadih-cum-Jagta (739). Patratu (780) and Bagh districts. mara-cum-Katras (795). These areas are mining belt where mainly male workers come for jobs. This may be the main factor for the low sex ratio.
32 MAP 14 .; BIHAR SEX RATIO 1981
L .. ]1,0
•
~
..,. " ,. o III 1ft FEMALES PER 1000 MALES III
1100 .. AIOVE - lOGO - 1099 STATE AVERAGE o 900 -=-----m- 946 -~ n BOUNDAIT, INTIIlNATIOMAl _._. _ S 5 A _ 801 899 ~An -._._._ DlSTIIICT -._._._._ KILOHIITIlES 2AI ..! ! 800 .. BELOW C. D. II.OCK ..! -ITIIIID Ii IAlTOfG__ ..0 Ii
33 Map 15
CHANGE IN SEX RATIO 1971-81
The map shows the change In sex ratio during 1971- The maximum number of C. D. Blocks In the state 81 in each C. D. Block In the state. The sex ratio data represent sex ratio In the range of 900-999. The num for 1971 and 1981 censuses are calculated separately ber of C. D. Blocks increased from 383 to 417 during and grouped into five ranges. The 1971 sex ratio is 1971 to 1981. These Blocks are spread over In all the presented in colour whereas the 1981 by black hatch districts. The C. D. Blocks of Nalanda and Aurangabad ing. fall in this category.
The sex ratio in Bihar shows a decreasing trend The sex ratio In the range of 801-899 covers fifty one during the decade. In 1971, the number of females per C. D. Blocks in 1971 and forty seven In 1981. Thus, ·1000 males was 954 which decreased to 946 during there Is a change of four C. D. Blocks during the decade. 1981 census. The same trend Is observed In C. D.• The C. D. Blocks of this range are located In Munger, Blocks also. The sex ratio of 1100 & above category is Saharsa, Purnla, Bhagalpur, Rohtas and Hazarlbag dis shown In thirteen C. D. Blocks In 1971 which decreased tricts. to nine in 1981. Jalalpur and ManJhl (1117 each). Basantpur (1114), Dhanwar (1112), Tantnagar (1108) The number of females per 1 000 males In the range and BanlapUl' (1100) C. D. Blocks of 1971 shifted to next of 800 & below Is limited to five and four C. D. Blocks lower range whereas Siwan (1132) and Barkatha (1121) during 1971 and 1981 respectively. These Blocks are are added in this range in 1981. Markacho C. D. Block located in Dhanbad and Hazarlbag districts. Jharia in Hazaribag district retained the highest sex ratio in the cum-Jorapokhar-cum-Slndri retains the lowest sex ratio entire state in 1971 (1183) and maintained its rank in in 1971 (665) as well as In 1981 (730) In the state. Other 1981 (1173) also. The number of females per 1 000 C. D. Blocks where the low sex ratio In both the cen males In the range of 1 000- 1 099 Is confined to 135 and suses are Dhanbad-cum-Kenduadlh-cum-Jagta (682 In 110.C. D. Blocks In 1971 and 1981 respectively. This 1971 & 739 in 1981), Baghmara-cum-Katras (768 In shows that twenty five female biased C. D. Blocks of 1971 & 795 in 1981) and Patratu (748 in 1971 & 780 in 1971 changed to male-biased in 1981. The concentra 1981). Chas C. D. Block has shifted to the next higher tion of such Blocks is observed in the districts of Ranchi, range of sex ratio In 1981. The above mentioned areas Singhbhum, Hazaribag, Saran, Siwan, Gopalganj, are mining belt where male populatJon Is very high. Due Valshali in both the decades. to this factor. the sex ratio Is very loW. .
34 MAP IS
..0 BIHAR CHANGE IN SEX RATIO 1971- 81
o A
lAO
au FEMALES PER I~ MALES 1971 1981 III
III 1100 • AIOVE 1100 • AIOVE :z: 1000 - 1099 D III- 1000 - 1099 900 - 999 900 - 999 o D ~ n 101 - 199 101 - 899 s S D BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL -' - • - .. STATE _o_o_ o_ 800 • BELOW 800 • BELOW DISTRICT KILOMETRES D -ITIIIID .. 40 10 C . D. BLOCK STATE AVERAGE 954 STATE AVERAGE ~
8( EAST OF GREINWICH ..0
35 Map 16
RURAL SEX RATIO 198'1
This map shows the rural sex ratio as per 1981 cen One hundred twentyone C. D. Blocks have the rural sus according to the system as adopted for map num sex ratio between 1 000 and 1 099. Four hundred twen ber 14. ty nine C. D. Blocks are in the range of 900 - 999. It is between 801 and 899 in twenty five C. D. Blocks and The rural sex ratio of Bihar is 963 females per 1000 less than 800 in two C. D. Blocks of Dhanbad district. males against the national average of rural sex ratio of 933. Out of 587 C. D. Blocks in the state, the rural sex Markacho C. D. Block of Hazaribag district has the ratio is above the parity (= 1 000) in favour of females highest number (1173) of females per 1 000 males in 131 C. D. Blocks and below the parity, in favour of whereas Dhanbad-cum-Kenduadih-cum-Jagta and males, in 456 C. D. Blocks. Jharia-cum-Jorapokhar-cum-Sindri (757 each) have the lowest ratio. The last two C. D. Blocks are situated The rural sex ratio in Bihar exceeds 1 099 in ten C. in Dhanbad district. D. Blocks, of which five are in Siwan, three in Hazaribag and one each in Saran and Giridih districts.
36 MAP 16
BIHAR RURAL SEX RATIO 1981
(I L
_,
A ~
~
~ Z4'
., ~ .. "
"? IU 0 FEMALES PER 1000 MALES IN RURAL POPULATION
_ 1100. ABOVE
_ 1000 - 1099
~ 9DO STATE AVfRAGE o ~ --99-9-963
5 5 ,. BOUNDARY, iNTERNATIONAL _. - • - nATE _._._._ ~ 801 - 899
DISTlICT _._._._._ KILOMETRES 40 20 40, C· D. BLOCK m 8DO. BELOW
84° EAST OF CIElNWICH 88'
37 Map 17
CHANGE IN RURAL SEX RATIO 1971-81
The map shows the change in rural sex ratio during A large number of C. D. Blocks in the state fall under the decade 1971-81 at C. D. Block level. The number the range of 900 - 999 female.s per 1 000 males during of rural females per 1 000 rural males in each C. D. Block both the decades. However, the number of C. D. Blocks has been worked out for the year 1971 and 1981 increased from 395 In 1971 to 429 In 1981 In this range. separately. This ratio has been grouped into five com The state average In both the decades rerr.alned In the parable ranges and represented as per the legend of same range. It Is worthmentionlng that the entire C. D. the map. Blocks In the districts of Nalanda (12). Aurangabad (11). Bhojpur (19). Saharsa (23). Pumia (27) and Katlhar (11) The number of females per 1 000 males in rural in 1981 fall in this category. population in the state in 1971 was 971 which came down to 963 in 1981. This decreasing trend Is reftected The sex ratio below the state average is categorised in sex ratio of C. D. Blocks also. However. the spatial as low sex ratio which is depicted in the map by two ran pattern show little variations. There are three main ges of 801 - 899 and 800 & below. There is a very insig female-biased pockets In the map. These pockets in nificant change in areal pattern and number of units in clude the C. D. Blocks of Ranchl. Singhbhum. above ranges In 1971 and 1981. There were twenty Hazaribag, Giridih, Nawada, Saran, Siwan and Gopal eight and three C. D. Blocks respectively, In the above ganj districts. In 1971, one hundred sixty one C. D. mentioned categories In 1971 which decreased totwen Blocks were female-biased, whereas there are only one ty five and two respectively In 1981. Jharia-cum hundred thirty one C. D. Blocks in 1981, falling in this Jorapokhar-cum-Sindrl and Dhanbad-cum-Kenduadih category. The decrease is mainly obseNed in the north cum-Jagata C. D. Blocks in Dhanbad district have the ern and the western parts of the state. Among all the C. lowest number of females per 1 000 males In both the D. Blocks, Morkacho in Hazaribag district, had the decades. These are coal mine belts where a large num highest sex ratio (1183) in 1971 and maintairied the ber of males have migrated from other areas. same status (1173) In 1981 too.
38 MAP 17
.6" 88° BIHAR .~._ CHANGE IN RURAL SEX RATIO .:r: 1971-81 lit
Q
_, i! ...... ~ , .
" " '~ " ' ~ ~~:~' ,~~ ,'_ , ~ , ~ . . .' .' "
A
~ .. . ,, ~.
• ...... ' ....-.;. -
._ FEMALES PER 1000 MALES 1&1 IN RURAL POPULATION 1971 1981 III
III 1100 Ie ABOVE _ 1100 .. ABOVE :z: , .' __ ~ D / C7 ._ "_- 1000 - 1099 _ 1000 - 1099 ~ D I ~ 900 - 999 D ~ 900 - 999 801 - 899 _ 801 - 899 22 s s D BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL .. STATE 800 .. BelOW 800 .. BELOW .. DISTRICT kiLOMETRES D m 40 20 40 C. D. BLOCK STATE AVERAGE 971 STATE AVERAGE 963
84° EAST OF GREENWICH
39 Map 18
URBAN SEX RATIO 1981
This map shows the number of females per 1 000 teen in Patna division, nine in Tirhut division, four in males in urban areas of each C. D. Block as per 1981 Darbhanga division, two in Kosi division, ten in Bhagal census. The urban sex ratio for each C. D. Block has pur division, one in North Chotanagpur division and six been grouped into five suitable ranges as shown in the in South Chotanagpur division. Ninety one C. D. Blocks legend of the map. The female-biased C. D. Blocks have sex ratio between BOO - 900. Out of these, twenty have been shaded with dark hatching whereas entire one C. D. Blocks are in Patna division, fourteen in Tir ly rural Blocks are left blank. hut division, five in Darbhanga division, eleven in Kosi division, fifteen in Bhagalpur division, seven in North The overall urban sex ratio in the state is un Chotanagpur division and eighteen in South Chotanag favourable to males. The number of females per 1 000 pur division. males in urban areas of the state is only 832 whereas the national average for urban sex ratio is 878. There are only eighteen C. D. Blocks constituting the fourth range of 701 - 799. These C. D. Blocks are dis Out of the total 587 C. D. Blocks, 423 are entirely rural tributed as seven in North Chotanagpur division, four in and only 164 C. D. Blocks have urban population. There Kosi division, three in Tirhut division and one each in are only two C. D. Blocks where urban females out Patna, Darbhanga, Bhagalpur and South Chotanagpur number the males. These are Hisua (1014) in Nawada divisions. Only five C. D. Blocks have sex ratio of 700 district and Mohiuddinagar (1 006) in Samastipur district & below. Four of them are located in North Chotanag forming the first range. pur division and one in South Chotanagpur division. Churchu C. D. Block in Hazaribag district has the lowest There are forty eight C. D. Blocks, having urban sex urban sex ratio (630) in the state. ratio between 900 - 999. These are distributed as six-
40 Map 18
URBAN SEX RATIO 1981
This map shows the number of females per 1 000 teen In Patna division, nine in Tlrhut division, four in males in urban areas of each C. D. Block as per 1981 Darbhanga diviSion, two in Kosi division, ten in Bhagal census. The urban sex ratio for each C. D. Block has pur division, one In North Chotanagpur division and six been grouped into five suitable ranges as shown in the in South Chotanagpur division. Ninety one C. D. Blocks legend of the map. The female-biased C. D. Blocks have sex ratio between 800 - 900. Out of these, twenty have been shaded with dark hatching whereas entire one C. D. Blocks are in Patna division; foUrteen in Tir ly rural Blocks are left blank. hut division, five in Darbhanga division, eleven in Kosi division, fifteen in Bhagalpur division, seven In North The overall urban sex ratio in the state is un Chotanagpur division and eighteen in South Chotanag favourable to males. The number of females per 1 000 pur division. males in urban areas of the state is only 832 whereas the national average for urban sex ratio Is 878. There are only eighteen C. D. Blocks constituting the fourth range of 701 - 799. These C. D. Blocks are dis Out of the total 587 C. D. Blocks, 423 are entirely rural tributed as seven in North Chotanagpur diviSion, four in and only 164 C. D. Blocks have urban population. There Kosi division, three in Tirhut division and one each in are only two C. D. Blocks where urban females out Patna, Darbhanga, BhagaJpur and South Chotanagpur number the males. These are Hisua (1014) in Nawada divisions. Only five C. D. Blocks have sex ratio of 700 district and Mohiuddinagar (1006) in Sarnastipur district & below. Four of them are located in North Chotanag forming the first range. pur division and one in South Chotanagpur division. Churchu C. D. Block in Hazaribag district has the lowest There are forty eight C. D. Blocks, having urban sex urban sex ratio (630) in the state. ratio between 900 - 999. These are distributed as six-
40 MAP 18 .."
tv BIHAR URBAN SEX RATIO 1981
III
o L ..
21
.,. ..,. .,. IU FEMALES PER 1000 MALES IN URBAN POPULATION "III 1000 • AIOVE
900 - 999 - STATE AVf.RAGE -~ Il1O - 899 831 o 701 - 799 s S BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL 700 • BELOW " STATE - DISTRICT KILOMETRES 20 ENTIRELY RURAL C. D. BLOCK -D
0 84 EA.ST OF GU'INWICH .6"
41 Map 19
CHANGE IN URBAN SEX RATIO 1971-81
The map shows the changing pattern in urban sex one C. D. Blocks in 1971 and 1981 respectively. There ratio during 1971-81. The cartographic technique is no significant spatial change in the distribution of adopted in the map is according to map number 17. these C. D. Blocks, exceptPurnia district where six C. D. Blocks has been added and Munger district, from There were S07 females per 1000 males during 1971 where five C. D. Blocks are dropped out during 1981. in urban areas of the state which Increased to 832 In 1981 census. This increase may be corroborated with The number of females per 1000 males In the range the migration of females to urban areas along with their of 701 - 799 in urban areas was spread over into thirty counterpart. Still sex ratio in majority ofthe C. D. Blocks two C. D. Blocks in 1971 which decreased to eighteen is male-biased. The female-biased C. D. Blocks (1000 only in 1981. Purnia and Singhbhum depict a decrease & above) in both the decades remain two only. Hisua of four and five C. D. Blocks whereas Dhanbad has (1005-1014) of Nawadadistrict is female-biased in both gained three during 1971-81. the decades whereas Mahnar (1007) in 1971 and Mohiuddinagar (1006) in 1981 are the other female The sex ratio in the range of 700 & below is confined biased C. D. Blocks. to six and five C. D. Blocks in 1971 and 1981 reSpective ly. Dhanhad district has lost all the three C. D. Blocks The mate-biased C. D. Blocks have been categorised of 1971 from this category In 1981. Among all the C. D. into four ranges. There were twenty six C. D. Blocks in Blocks in the state Churchu (630) has retained the the range 900 - 999 in 1971 which increased to forty lowest sex ratio in 1981 census preceded by Peterbar eight during 1981. The major change is observed in (654), Mandu (655), Mahuadanr (688) and Ramgarh Munger, Santhal Pargana, Singhbhum, Ranchi, Patna, (890). The urban sex ratio of 1971 in the Ramnagar, Gaya and Bhojpur. The next lower range (SOO - 899) of Namkum and Barharwa C. D. Blocks changed to rural females per 1000 males covers eighty three and ninety because of the declassification of towns in 1981.
42 MAP 19
... 11° BIHAR CHANGE IN URBAN SEX RATIO 1971-81
L
'JA0
.,.
FEMALES PER 1000 MALES au IN URBAN POPULATION 1971 1981
1000 .. ABOVE _ 1000 .. ABOVE
900 - 999 0 ·E9OO - 999
800 899 800 899 o - 0 ~ - n° 701 - 799 701 799 s 5 0 BOUNDARY. INTEIlNATIONAL _. _. - " STATE _._._._ 700 .. BELOW _ 700 .. BELOW DISTRICT KILOMETRES 0 - 40 ZII 40 C· D. BLOCK STATE AVERAGE 107 STATE AVERAGE 8ll
u· EAST OF GU!NWICH .6 ...
43 Map 20
SEX AND AGE STRUCTURE 1981
The map depicts the position of sex and age struc At a glance, the map reveals a very interesting pat ture among the districts as per 1981 census. Diagrams tern of male and female population in different age are drawn in each districts showing sex and age struc groups. Boys outnumber the girls in seventeen dis ture in 1981. The age structure are grouped into 0-4, 5- tricts in the infants categoryand maintain the lead in the 9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24,25-29, 30-34, 35-39,40-44,45-49, age groups 5 - 9. 10 - 14, and 15 - 19 also. Females out 50-54, 55-59 and 60 + categories for males and number males in twenty seven, sixteen and twenty two females. Proportionate horizontal bars for each age districts in the age groups 20 - 24. 25 - 29, and 30 - 34. group have been drawn. These bars have been divided respectively. Although the death rate of females is by a vertical line showing females proportion on the higher than males in these age groups but large scale right hand side and males on the left. The above age migration of males reduces their proportion in the dis groups are re-categorised as (i) old men and women - tricts. But again. in the age groups 35 - 39. 40 - 44. and 60 +, (ii) middle aged men and women - 35 - 59, 45 - 49. twenty one. twenty four and twenty six districts (iii) young men and women - 15 - 34, (Iv) boys and girls respectively have more number of males than females. - 5 - ·14, and (v) infants - a - 4. These categories are In age group 50 - 54 males outnumber females in all the shown by different shades of hatching in the bars. The districts. scales at the top and below the pyramids show percent~ age and absolute figures respectively. Further, a mixed trend of male and female popula tion in age groups 55 - 59 and 60 + Is observed In all The population of the state has been divided into the districts. In the age group of 55 - 59, females out various age groups. The proportion of population in number males In twenty three districts while In the age these age groups vary considerably. The proportion of group of 60 + it decreased to ten districts. The com population of 'infants' and 'boys and girts' categories position of old men and women In the population struc are relatively higher than that of other age groups. The ture is relatively higher. population in the age group 60 + is slightly higher than that of second and third categories.
44 MAP 20
N' BIHAR SEX AND AGE STRUCTURE 1981
o
, _,
JA'
BIHAR
PERCENTAGE
AGES '0+ III I=n 010-44 ji= J~ MALE FEMALE ~=r. 15-19 10-lf .f5-..,5-9 0-4 1,,~~i~lliIIB~~E~------.. 4D » • 11 .. II PERSONS IN LAKH
AGE GROUP ~ + ~gM7~N "NO 35-"' ...... MIDDLE AGED MEN u' - I:::::: AND WOMEN 15- 34 X~~N~o"JfN s-B ~:~ AND 0-4 ~§ INFANTS
2 0 1 0 DAR.HANGA NALANDA .1 EAST OF COUNWlCH ..'
45 Map 21
MARITAL STATUS 1981
The map presents the marital status of the popula Married - The bars of male and female in this group tion in each district of the state according to the 1981 depict reverse picture In comparison tf;> 'never married' census. Data regarding never married, married, persons. Except Dhanbad and Singhbhum districts, widowed and 'others' are compiled for each district. temales outnumber males in all other districts. The in For each category, two overlapping bars are drawn as dustrial and mining centres of these two districts are per the absolute number of males and females in each giving employment, hence the males are in-migrating district to a spatial pattern in this regard. to these areas from other parts of the country. The per centage of married population Is higher to never mar The population of Bihar in 1981 constitutes ried group In the districts of Nawada (50.44), 33 857 511 'never married', 32 474 967 'married', Madhubani (50.35), Rohtas (50.04), Gaya (49.07), 3451,477 'widowed' and 110 214 'others'. The percent Saharsa (48.79), Nalanda (48.72), Munger (48.19), age of 'never married' persons (48.45) in the state is Sitamarhi (48.12), Aurangabad (48.05), Bhojpur higher than the married (46.45). The proportions of (48.04), Pashchim Champaran (47.62) and Samastipur population In the above four categories have variations (47.54). Santhal Pargana (1 687 602) and Nawada ' at district level. (554294) districts have the highest and the lowest number of married population in 1981. Never married - This category includes mainly younger population. The males outnumber females in Widowed - The number of widowed are compara all the districts. Purnia district has the highest number tively less In the state. The females are higher than the of both males (1 044 559) and females (803 796) males in this category. Among the districts, Santhal whereas the lowest number of never married persons Pargana has more number of widowed, both males is noted in Nawada,(male 270144) (female 219 368) dis (56623) and females (164 074) in the state. It has the trict in the state. The percentage of 'never married' per higher percentage (5.94) of widowed population sons to total population Is the highest In Singhbhum among all the districts also. Other worth mentioning district (54.48) followed by Katihar (52.73), Ranchl districts in this category are Singhbhum (5.70%), (52.21), Purnia (51.40), Siwan (50.95), Saran (50.74), Sitamarhl (5.55%) Purba Champaran (5.44%), PaSchim Gopalganj (50.08) etc. There is only 44.25 per cent Champaran (5.37%), Madhubanl (5.32%), Siwan population in 'never married' category In Madhubani (5.31 %) and GopalganJ (5.28%). which is the lowest among the districts.
46 MAP II at BIHAR
180 BIHAR 1&.5
ISO ,. 115 ,. 120 au SCALE FOR DISTRICTS BAR 1D5 CJ 12 90
1ft 10 75 sa 8 8 6 45
)0 15 'n '~ N 2 ]" "'t""
I NEVER MARRIED BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL S 5 _ MALE 2 MARRIED STATE l WIDOWED DISTRICT KILOME"n.ES 1::::::::::::1 FEMALE 40 20 40 4 OTHERS li;;;;;;;;;;j;;===3;;;;iiiiiOiOiii;;;;;;l N NEGLIGIBLE
84 EA5T OF GREENWICH u'
47 Map 22
YOUTHFULNESS OF POPULATION 1981
The map shows the percentage of children in age These districts are Nawada, Hazaribag, Nalanda, group 5-14 to total population in all the districts of the Darbhanga, Giridih, Begusarai, Gaya, Bhojpur, Vaishali, state as per 1981 census. Disttictwise percentage of Aurangabad, Munger, Bhagalpur, Pashchim Cham .children in age group 5-14 to total population has been paran, Ranchi, Rohtas and Saharsa. In the above dis calculated and grouped into five categories as shown tricts, Nawada with 28.96 per cent, is at the top while in the legend of the map. Saharsa with 28.02, is at the bottom. The above figures indicate very low inter districts variation. The state There are only two districts, viz., Siwan and Saran in average (28.30) also comes under this range. the highest range of 30.01 and above. Of these two dis tricts, Siwan and Saran have 30.18 and 30.03 per cent In the category of 27.01-28.00 youthful population, of youthfulness of population respectively. Madhubani, Purba Champaran, Patna, Santhal Par gana, Samastipur, Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi and Under the range of 29.01-30.00, there are four dis Singhbhum are categorised. The percentage of youth tricts, namely Gopalganj, Katihar, Palamu and Pumia. fulness of population varies between 27.82 in Mad The highest value of this category is 29.77 per cent in hubani and 27.03 in Singhbhum districts respectively. Gopalganj and 29.01 per cent is the lowest, in Purnla districts.- Dhanbad (26.40) is the only district falling In the per centage of 27.00 & below of youthfulness of population There are sixteen districts covered under the per in the entire state. centage range of 28.01-29.00 youthful population.
48 MAP 22
y' BIHAR YOUTHFULNESS OF POPULATION 1981
Q L
...
0(
"
..,. .,. CJ PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION '" IN AGE.GROUP 5-14
'" lO.OI & ABOVE'
29.01 - lO.OO STATE AVERAGE ----28010 2&.01 - 29.00
BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL S S STATE DISTRICT KILOMETRES l' • 27·00 & BELOW'
Ii EAST OF GREENWICH aa'
49 Map 23
DEPENDENCY RATIO 1981
This map shows the proportion of dependant quite large even though the highest value is recorded in population in the state in 1981 census. For this map, Nalanda (988.82) and the lowest value remains in the proportion of dependants in age group 0-14 and Rohtas (952.19) district respectively. 60 + over per 1000 persons in age group 15-59 has been calculated and grouped into five ranges. The dis The dependency ratio in the range of 901.00-950.00 tricts in each range are hatched from high to low grade covers eleven districts. Except Hazarlbag, Glridih and of hatching as shown in the legend of the map. Patna, remaining districts are located in a compact belt in the north Bihar plain: The highest ratio of this range The highest range of 1001.00 & above contains six is 947.11 in Hazaribag district while 91 7.05 is the lowest districts, namely, Siwam, Saran, Vaishali, Gopalganj, in Giridih district, both situated adjoining to each other. Palamu and Bhojpur. Siwan district has the highest The state average (941.46) also falls in this range. (1104.43) proportion of dependant population in the state. There are two districts each in the range of 851.00-900.00 and 850.00 & below in the state. There are ten districts falling in the range of Dhanbad district (772.91) has retained the. lowest 951.00-1000.00. These districts are located in the proportion of dependant population in the state central part of the state extending from Rohtas in the preceded by Singhbhum (777.49), Ranchi (858.93) and west upto Purnia in the east. The variation in Santhal Pargana (860.22). dependency ratio within the districts in this range, is
50 HAP 2l
BIHAR DEPENDENCY RA TIO 1981
l
_,
.,. .. ".,. o NUMBER OF DEPENDANTS IN AGE-GROUP 0-14 AND 6O+0VER PER 1000 PERSONS .. IN AGE-GROUP 15.59
1001.00. ABOVE
951'00 - 1000.00
STATE AVERAGE ---941'''' o 901'00 - 950·00
BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL s 5 851-00 - 900-00 STATE DISTRICT KILOH""ES .. 20 850'00 & BELOW I .. !
51 Map 24
MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1981
The map represents the proportion of males in age districts in the state. Except Rohtas, Hazaribag and group 15-59 to total male population in each district of Munger. remaining districts lie to form a compact belt the state in 1981 census. The percentage of male in the north Bihar plain on the map. The inter district population in working age group 15-59 to total male percentage variation is very less with Hazaribag (51.82) population for each district has been calculated and and Rohtas (50.23) ranking the highest and the lowest grouped into five suitable ranges as displayed in the percentage values in this category. map by different grades of hatching. The total male population in each district is shown by proportionate The ranges below the state average of male workers circle and the shaded sector therein shows the propor in age group 15-59 may be seen in thirteen districts. The tion of male population in working age group 15-59. range of 48.01-50.00 per cent covers nine district whereas there are only four districts falling in the lowest There are 35.93 million males in Bihar enumerated range (48.00 & below) of workers. Most of the districts during 1981 census. Amongthese. 18.33 million (51.04 in the above ranges are located in a contiguous belt. per cent) males belong to the working age group 15.59. BhagaJpur. Begusarai and Samastipur are exception to As many as eighteen districts have percentage share the belt. Siwan district (44:20) has the lowest percent below the state average and thirteen districts stand to age of male workers in the state closely preceded by above proportion. The proportion varies between 44.20 Saran (45.54). Vaishali (47.26). GopaJganj (47.54). Bhoj and 58.67 per cent in Siwan and Dhanbad districts pur (48.07). Aurangabad (49.13). Nawada (49.18), respectively. The proportion of male population in Begusarai (49.27). NaJanda (49. 52) and others. working age group 15-59 to total male population is above 54.01 per cent in the districts of Dhanbad (58.67) Dhanbad district (58.67%) stands at the top in the and Singhbhum (57.25). In the districts of Santhal Par percentage of the male workers in age group 15-59 in gana (54.00), Ranchi (53.98). Giridih (52.15) and Patna the state. This may be attributed to large number of in (52.08), the proportion ranges between 52.01 and 54.00 dustries and mining activities which attract persons percent. from within and outside the state. Contrary to this, Siwan district (44.20%) has the lowest proportion of The percentage of male population in working age male population in the working age group 15-59 in the group 15-59 in the range of 50.01-52.00 covers twelve state due to primarily agricultural activities.
52 HAP 24
BIHAR MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1981
L ..-
TOTAL MALE POPULATION
- -211G00ICI --1500000 -IIIGOIIIO --500010 • PERCl:NT AGE Of MALE ,. POPULATION IN WORKING .,. AGE-GROUP 15-5' IU G PERCENTAGE OF HALE POPULATION • IN WORKING AGE - GROUP 15- 59 TO TOTAL MALE POPULATION
• 54.01 .. AIOVE
• 51.01 - 51.00 STATE AVERAGE o ~ ---51.04 ~ 50.01 - 51.00
IOUIIDAItY. INTUNAnotIAI. S 5 ~ ".01- 50.00 " STATE DIS11IICT • T t • FIGURES AT THe TOP Of THE OIlCLES illIIIJ ".00" BELOW I -- I INDICAn TOTAL 1lAl'E I'OfULATlON
53 Map 25
FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1981
The map shows the proportion of female population age gap in female workers within the districts in this in the working age group 15-59 to the total female range is very low with Muzaffarpur (52.86%) and Giridih population in each district as per 1981 census. The map (52.13%) districts, marking the highest and the lowest has been prepared on the same cartographic techni figures respectively. ques as applied for map 24. The maximum number of districts (12) in the map are Bihar state has a total population of 33.98 million hatched under the range of 51.01-52.00. The state females in 1981 census. Out of these, 17.66 million average figure also falls in this category. These districts (51.97 per cent) females belong to the working age are situated in a contiguous belt in the central parts of group 15-59. Singhbhum district (55.18) has the Bihar. highest percentage of females in working age group 15- 59 whereas the lowest remains in Palamu district There are only five districts in the range of (49.42). Besides Singhbhum, other districts in the 50.01-51.00, namely, Katihar (50.25%), Purnia highest range of 53.01 & above are Ranchi (53.53%), (50.47%), Siwan (50.61 %), Bhagalpur (50.70%) and Dhanbad (53.50%), Santhal Pargana (53.44%) and Hazarlbag (50.83%) while Palamu (49.42%) is the only Samastipur (53.05%). Except Samastipur, remaining district falling In the last category of 50.00 & below. districts are tribal populated where more female par ticipation in work is a common feature. , More than fifty per cent females are In working age in all the districts except Palamu. The variation in The range of 52.01-53.00 covers eight districts. Ex proportion of female population in this age group is just cept Rohtas and Giridih, other six districts are located 5.76 per cent among the districts. in a compact belt in the north Bihar plain. The percent-
54 HAP 25
BIHAR FEMALES IN WORKING AGE IS·59 1981 '"
o L .. ...
'JA'
TOTAL FEMALE POPULATION
- - ---lOOOOOO - - --- I 500000 ----- 1000000
-p~~~~~~~:: FEMALE POPULATION IN WORKING AGE-GROUP 15-59 w PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE POPULATION IN WORKING AGE-GROUP 15-59 TO TOTAL FEMALE POPULATION
5l.01 & ABove
51.01 - 53.00
STATE AVERAGE o ----51.91 51.01 _ 52.00 22'
BOUNDARY. INTEIINATIONAL S S 50.01 - 51.00 .. STATE DISTRICT kILOMETRES .. 2D FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES 50.00 &BELOW INDICATE TOTAL FEMALE POPULATiON
84' EAST OF GREENWICH
55 Map 26
URBAN MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1981
The map represents the proportion of male popula males in 15-59 age group. The percentage range of tion in age group 15-59 to total male population in urban 58.01 & above covers above districts. areas for each district in 1981 census. The cartographic technique adopted in drawing this map is same as for The percentage of urban male population in working map number 24. age group 15-59 ranges from 55.01 to 58.00 in ten dis tricts. The state average figure also falls in this range. The total male population residing in the urban areas Among the districts, Santhal Pargana (57.94) and of the state is 4. 76 million. Out of this, 2.71 mUlion (57.14 Sitamarhi (55.02) possess the highest and the lowest per cent) are in the age group 15-59. The map reveals percentage share of urban male workers. that how much employable male population is available in urban areas in each district. The highest percentage The two ranges of 52.01-55.00 and 52. 00 & below, of male population in age group 15-59 Is observed in together cover twelve districts and are mainly situated Dhanbad district (61.25). closely followed by in the central and nonh western parts of the state. Singhbhum (39.34), Saharsa & Samastipur (59.08 These are less urbanised districts of the state which in each). Hazaribag (58.83). Ranchi (58.54), Muzaffarpur clude Darbhanga (54.66%). Munger (54.62%). Pash &Katihar (58.22 each) and Giridih (58.16). In these dis chim Champaran (54.30%). Valshali (54.26%). Bhojpur tricts. the in-migration to the urban areas is the main (53.94%). Begusarai (53.80%). Slwan (52.91 %), Auran contributing factor of such high percentage share of gabad (52.54%), Nawada (52.53%). Nalanda (51.72%). Saran (51.67%) and Gopalganj (51.44%).
56 MAP 16
a6 u' BIHAR URBAN MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1981
o
TOTAL URBAN MALE POPULATION
~~ 6501IGO
~- JSOIIGO
•. 150000
~~ :::NTACE Of UIIIWIItAU "II POI'ULATION IN ....CE-GaOUP 15-SJ ".,. III PERCENTAGE OF MALE POPULATION G IN WORKING AGE- GROUP IS-59 IN URBAN AREAS
_ 61 ..1 & .... II()VE
l1li sa.al - 61. §§ STATE AYEIAGE o ~ 55011 _ _ 57.14
BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _._._ s 5 _ Sl.OI - ss.oo STATE ItLOHnlU!S DISTRICT FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CRCLES _ 52.111 a BELOW .. 20 .. INDICATE TOTAL URBAN MALE POPULATION
a4 EAST OF GIU!ENWICH 11.'
57 Map 27
RURAL MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1981
The map represents the proportion of males In age highest and Katihar (50.23) has the lowest percentage group 15-59 to total rural male population in each dis values. trict recorded In 1981 census. The map is drawn as per the cartographic technique adopted for map number The maximum number of districts (13) fall under the 24. percentage range of 48.01-50.00. These districts are situated in a contiguous zone in the central and western The total male population residing in the rural areas parts of the state. Muzaffarpur (49.89%) and Begusarai ofthe state is 31.17 million in 1981. Out of which, 15.61 (48.72%) districts present the highest and the lowest million (50.10 per cent) are in the age group 15-59. The ratio In rural male population in working age group proportion of rural males in working age 15-59 is rela 15-59 in this range. The above two limits indicate tively lower than that of the urban males. Thirteen dis minimum inter district gap in this ratio of rural males in tricts have recorded higher percentage of rural male working age. population in working age group 15-59 than the state average. There are five districts falling In the first two The lowest percentage range of 48.00 &. below rural higher ranges of 54.01 & above and 52.01-54.00. males In working age group 15-59 is limited to five dis Singhbhum district ranks at the top, with 56.15 per cent, tricts and all these districts are concentrated in the north followed by Dhanbad (55.80%), Santhal Pargana western part of the state. Siwan (43.75%) possesses (53.69%), Ranchi (52.67%) and Saharsa (52.58%). Ex the lowest ratio In the entire state preceded by Saran cept Saharsa, other districts are located in Chotanag (44.95%), Vaishali (46.75%), Bhojpur and Gopalganj pur plateau. (47.33% each).
The range of pa.Q1-52.00 per cent consists of eight The circle represents the total rural male population districts In the state. Most of these districts (6) are lo and the share of working age group population is shown cated along the northern part of the state. In addition by hatched sector in each district. Thirteen districts Hazarlbag and Glridlh districts lie in the south Bihar. have more than fifty per cent workIng age group popula This range also covers the state average figure. Within tion in each of the district, the highest being in this range, Pashchlm Champaran (51.60) has the Singhbhum (56.15) and the lowest In Siwan (43.75).
58 MAP 27
BIHAR RURAL MALES IN WORKING , AGE IS-59 1981 III
o A L ..-
•TOTAL RURAL MALE POPULATION __ 20110000 .,. --_1Il00Il00 - - 500000 PERCENTAGE OF RURAL MALE POPULATION IN AGE-GROUP IS-59
PERCENTAGE OF MALE POPULATION IN WORKING AGE-GROUP IS-59 IN RURAL AREAS
_ 54.01 .. ABOVE
m 52.01 - 54.00 ~ ST.TI AVERAGE ~ 50.01 _ 52.00 SO.IO a ~ 41.01 - SO.OO IOUND ••'. INTIINATIONAL S S " STATI [ill] 41.01 .. 'ELOW DlmlCT IULOMlTRU •, , , , FIGURES liT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES INDICII'!E TOT"L RURAL HilLE POPULATION
59 Map 28
URBAN FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1981
The map brings out the dlstrictwise variations In the Out of these, seven districts are located In the south proportion of female population In age group 15-59 to Bihar plain whereas five In the north Bihar plain. The total female population In urban areas in 1981. The map state average is also covered under this category. Is drawn as per cartographic technique adopted In map Among the districts, the highest and the lowest ratio of number 24. urban females is noted in Saharsa (52.97%) and Purba Champaran (51.25%) districts. According to 1981 census, the total female population living In urban areas in Bihar Is 3.95 mllion. The percentage of urban female population In work Among this, 2.09 million females belong to the age Ing age group 15-59 below the state average category group 15-59 which share 52.86 per cent of the total has been shown by the ranges of 49.01-51.00 and 49.00 urban females. There Is no regional correlation among & below. The number of districts In these ranges are the districts in this ratio which is apparent by the seven and one respectively. Pashchlm Champaran percentage share of Munger (57.16) and Singhbhum (47.85%) depicts the lowest ratio of urban females In (55.70) districts having different economic, physical age group 15-59 preceded by Aurangabad (49.21 %), and cultural set up. The above two districts come In the Valshall (49.87%), Siwan (50.27%). Gopalganj first range of 55.01 & above. Similarly, nine districts fall (50.79%). Bhagalpur (50.82%). Saran (50.83%) and in the range of 53.01-55.00 urban females In age group Nalanda (50.90%). 15-59. Dhanbad district (54.11 %), a highly urbanised on one side and Sitamarhi (53.64%), a developing dis The circle showing total urbanfemaJe population and trict in urban field on the other band, fall in this range. the sector therein represents the percentage of urban This aspect gives credit to local factors prevailing upon female In working age group 15-59 also coincides with respective area. the hatching pattern given for the districts. According to this Valshali, Aurangabad and Pashchlm Champaran The maximum number of districts (12) In the state are the only three districts with less than fifty per cent are covered under the percentage range of 51.01-53.00. urban females In this working age group.
60 MAP 18
BIHAR URBAN FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1981
o
"
TOTAL URBAN FEMALE POPULATION
--·525000 -··325000
--- 125000
-- 30000 PERCENTAGE OF URBAN FEMALE POPULATION IN AGE-GROUP .. 15-5~
".,. PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE POPULATION o IN WORKING A9E-GROUP IS-59 m IN URBAN AREAS lit :z: 55.01 .. ABOVE
_ 51.01 - 55.00
~ STATE AVERAGE ~ 51.01 - 51.00 51.86
BOUNDARY. INTEIINAnONAL _. _. - s s ~ 49.01 - 51.00 WAn -._._._ DISTRICT klLOHETIIIS fIGUReS AT Tl1E TOP OF THE CIRC\.ES fT1TTTlT1 49.00" BELOW , T , INDICATE TOTAL URBAN FEMALE WJ.Jl.liJ POPULATION
61 Map 29
RURAL FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1981
This map shows the percentage of female population group 15-59 In the range of 51.01-52.00 covers eleven In the working age group 15-59 to total female popula districts. These districts are situated In the central part tion recorded In rural areas In 1981 census. The car of the state. The percentage variation In this ratio Is very tographic technique adopted in drawing of this map Is meagre (0.80%) which Is reflected by the percentage the same as per map number 24. value of Nawada (51.86) and Saran (51.06) districts. These districts depict the highest and the lowest per Bihar has a total population of 30.02 million females centage share respectively. In rural areas. Of them, 15.56 million (51.85 per cent) female population belong to the working age group The lower percentage ratio of rural females In work 15-59. Fourteen districts have recorded higher ing age group 1,5-59 Is represented under the ranges of proportion of rural female population in working age 50.01.-51.00 and 50.00 and below. In all, seven district group 15-59 to the state average. Singhbhum Is at the are categorised In the above ranges. Palamu district top, with 54.96 per cent rural female population In the (49.28%) stands In the last row In rural female workers working age group 15-59, closely followed by Sitamarhi in the entire state preceded by the districts of Katlhar (54.55), Ranchl (53.46) and Santhal Pargana (53.43). (49.92%), Pumia (50.38%), Siwan (50.63%), Bhagalpur These districts fall In the highest range of 53.01 & above. (50.69%). HaZaribag (50.76%) and Patna (50.85%).
The next range of 52.01-53.00 of rural females In According to the total female population and the working age group 15-59 covers nine districts. Except share in rural female working age of 15-59, only two dis Glridlh, Dhanbad and Rohtas districts, remaining are lo tricts have less than fifty per cent rural female popula cated contiguously In the northern part of the state. tion in above age group. Further, the highest and the Samastlpur, with 52.97 per cent share, Is the highest lowest ratio In female workers In rural areas are ob while Pashchim Champaran, with 52.05, Is the lowest In served In the districts of Singhbhum (54.96%) and this range. Palamu (49.28%) which belong to the Chotanagpur plateau. The percentage of female population in working age
62 MAP 19
BIHAR RURAL FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1981
Q L
~ 21 TOTAL RURAL FEMALE POPULATION .c. ~-~-- 1000000 -- 500000 PERCENTAGE OF RURAL FEMALE " POPUlATION IN AGE-GROUP 15-59 PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE POPULATION ... IN WORKING AGE-GROUP IS-59 IN RURAL AREAS
_ 53.01 .. ABOVI
-.5loOl - n.oo
~ STATE AVEIIAGE 51.01 ~5101S o ~ 50.01- 51.00 22'
BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _._.- s 5 STATE _._._._ OJIII] SO.OO" .now
DISTRICT KILOMlTlr. / FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES INDICATE 1 t •! f TOT At RURAL FEMAlE POPULATION ,,0 a/ EAST OF GHINWICH " 63 Map 30
URBAN POPULATION 1981
The map represents the percentage distribution of The percentage of urban population Is above 45.01 urban population to total population In each C.D. Block in twenty seven C.D. Blocks. The percentage of urban of the state In 1981 census. The percentage figure of population is the highest In Patna (97.98) and the lowest urban population to total population Is calculated for In Petarbar C.D. Blocks (3.28) In the state. each C.D. Block and grouped Into six suitable ranges and are hatched as per the legend of the map. The en Ten C.D. Blocks fall In the range of 35.01-45.00 whle tirely rural C.D. Blocks are left blank. twenty four are grouped In the range of 25.01-35.00 of urban population. There are forty five C.D. Blocks In the As per 1981 census, 8.71 million (12.47 per cent) of ~ range of 15.01-25.00 and fifty five In the range of the state's population live In urban areas. Out of 587 5.01-15.00. The state average also falls in this range. C.D. Blocks of the state, 164 C.D. Blocks have urban There are three C.D. Blocks failing In the range of 5.00 population and the remaining 423 are entirely rural. & below. The gradations on the map reveal significant gaps In urban population.
64 MAP 30
I BIHAR URBAN POPULATION 1981
It
Q L ..
PERCENTAGE OF URBAN POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION
IU _ 45.01. AIOVE
15.01 - lJ.OO STATE AVEIIAGE o -m 5·01 ----11'"15'00 S 5 #It. IOUIIDAIIY. DnBNATIONAL _. -' - BelOW .. STAn _._._._ 1:::::::15.00. .. DISTIJCT _._._._.- KILOMI11IIS , T , ENTIRELY RURAL C. 0. It.OCK ...... •...... D
65 M.p31
CHANGE IN URBAN POPULATION 1971-81
The map depicts the change in urban population population is recorded in eight C.D. Blocks. There are during the decade 1971-81. The percentage figures of 446 C.D. Blocks which remained rural both in 1971 and increase or decrease in urban population during the 1981 while fIVe C.D. Blocks have been declassified as decade for each C.D. Block has been worked out. This rural in 1981. Twenty C.D.Blocks have been declared data have been grouped into seven categories, five for as urban in 1981. The highest gain of 223.50 per cent gain and two for loss as shown in the legend of the map. in urban population during 1971-81 is registered in C.D. Blocks, having no urban population, are left blank. Chakla (Pipra) C.D. Block of Purba Champaran district while the lowest gain of 7.16 per cent is found in Khar- The urban population of Bihar in 1971 was 5.63 mil . sawan C.D.Block of Singhbhum district. Leaving aside lion which increased to 8.71 million in 1981. Thus 3.08 the declassified urban Blocks, the highest percentage million persons were added in urban areas which loss is recorded in Pupri C.D. Block (-37.18) of Sitamar provided a decennial growth rate of 54.76 per cent hi district while a loss of 12.46% Is found In Kodenna during 1971-81. C.D. Block of Hazaribag district. Out of 587 C.D. Blocks, one hundred forty one C.D. Blocks show an increase, while decrease ~n urban
66 MAP 31
BIHAR 1 CHANGE IN URBAN POPULATION 1971-81 lot ,.,
Q l
~ I ..III' _, III' ,..~
.. PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN URBAN ".,. POPULATION w o INCREASE DECREASE III 100·01 & ABOVE ~ 50·81 & ABOVE
_ 75'01 - 100·00 [3 50'00 & BELOW
E3. SO'OI STATE AVERAGE ~ - 75,00--54.76 o ~ 25-01 - 50,00 . s BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL _. - • - 5 STATE ITIIJJ] 25'00 & BELOW DISTRICT KILOMETRES 40200 40 C. D. BLOCK
67 Map 32
GROWTH OF URBAN POPULATION BY SIZE CLASS OF URBAN AREAS 1901-81
The map depicts the growth of urban population three decades. In 1901, there were 1,096,985 persons during 1901-81. The districtwlse break-up of the urban living In urban areas of the state but In 1981 the urban population living in towns of various size-classes for population went upto 8,718,990 persons specifying each decade Is also represented. Nine vertical bars more than sevenfold increase. The proportion of urban proportionate to the total urban population for each population in different size class of towns, differ from decennial year during 1901-81 are drawn In each dis decade to decade. In 1901, the proportion of urban trict. Each of these bar is further divided Into six parts population living in various size class of towns to total according to the size class of urban population and urban population was 12.29 per cent in class I, 19.44 in shaded as per legend of the map. class 11,31.73 in class III, 19.48 in class IV, 15.46 In class V and 1.60 in class VI towns, whereas in 1981 the The map, at a glance, reveals that all the districts wit proportion of urban population Is 54.18 per cent in class nessed a gradual growth in the earlier decades but rapid I, 14.36 in class II, 19.24 in class III, 10.03 in class IV, growth in urban population could take place in the last 2.01 in class V and 0.18 In class VI towns In the state.
Percentage of urban population in each class of town to total urban population 1901-81
Year II III IV V VI
1901 12.29 19.44 31.73 19.48 15.46 1.60
1911 12.63 12.71 36.18 20.00 16.46 2.02
1921 10.29 21.23 29.28 19.97 17.31 1.92
1931 11.23 29.50 23.62 20.71 14.66 0.28
1941 22.60 26.56 17.34 22.27 10.28 0.95
1951 32.62 16.16 21.48 19.63 8.50 1.61
1961 33.15 12.63 25.60 18.68 9.17 0.77
1971 *45.39 11.08 23.91 1437 4.79 0.46
1981 *54.18 14.36 19.24 . 10.03 0.18
*Includes urban agglomeration.
68 MAP 32 84 BIHAR GROWTH OF URBAN POPULATION BY SIZE CLASS OF URBAN AREAS ,;' -'. It 1901-1981 III
0 ... ,11: u' _, 11: ... ""
~ "
.. .,. ..,,. .,. o r' w -'-(' 1901 1911 '94' I'" 1981 '" ". BIHAR "'I" \.. ~..I"\' l._ ~ SIZE CLASSES OF URBAN AREAS %; ...... _ 0'" ) ~...... _. ,.,'-' '98' "\'\ .... CLASS I \ ...... "'. \. ( 100000 " AIOVE) \ ...... /.1 IIIIIIIIII!I!II CLASS" _ (50000 - 99999) o ._'."> ; I " ~ CLASS III 1...... , ~ (10000 - 49999) CLASS 'v BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL " S S • (10000 - 19999) STATE DISTRICT klLOMIETRES 1< i I ~~:S_V9999) .. 10 E.R. ENTIRELY II.lJRAL , CLASSYI D (BELOW 5000)
84' U.ST OF CIEENW'CH 86' 88'
69 Map 33
GROWTH OF URBAN CENTRES 1971-81
The map shows the growth of urban centres during under the ranges of 50.01-75.00,25.01-50.00 and 25.00 1971-81. All the urban centres of the state are plotted & below respectively. Itaki, Barauli and Sonepur are at their location according to the size class. The per new towns added in 1981 censua. Hilsa (156.78%) is at centage growth of each urban centre during 1971-81 is the top in terms of population growth among the urban worked out and arranged into four ranges as shown in centres of all classes in the state. Other towns with the legend of the map. The towns falling in the respec higher growth are Naugachhia (143.45%), Kharagpur fIVe range are hatched accordingly. New towns added (101.00%) and Bairgania (91.74%). Jamui (22.20%) in 1981 are shaded in solid black within the symbol of and Barahiya (10.20%) seem decaying towns where the class size. growth rate is less than the growth in general population. There were 163 urban centres in the state in 1971 which increased to 179 in 1981. The urban centres of The total number of towns in class IV category are all classes experienced this growth in their population fifty nine. Out of these, seven towns depict 75.01 and but the percentage of growth varied considerably above percentage growth of population. Remaining 40 among them. Among class I urban centres, Bokaro towns are falling under the 2nd, 3rd and 4th range of Steel City UA stands at the top in percentage (146.81) population growth. Twelve new towns emerged during growth of population during 1971-81 followed by 1971-81 in this class. Bodh Gays (125.66%) and Gua Ranchi U.A. (88.63%), Patna UA (66.71%), Purnia U.A. (13.60%) have recorded the maximum and. the mini (54.08%), Katihar (52.28%) etc. Ranchi and Bokaro mum growth in their population respectively. Steel City are the industrial towns which attract people for employment. Purnia and Katihar witness large scale There are 28 towns categorised as class V and VI but in-migration. Munger has recorded the lowest percent the percentage growth could be worked oUt in respect age (26.14) growth during this period. of only thirteen towns as the remaining fifteen towns are new. Among these towns, Chakia (223.50%) and There are nineteen class II towns spread over in the Kiriburu (93.28%) have the highest percentage (75.01. state. Out of these towns, Saharsa (148.01 %), Patratu and above) growth in population. Contrary to this, (113.68%) and Dehri (96.38%) have the highest percent Janakpur Road (Pupri) in Sitamarhi district, has age of population growth whereas the lowest is returned only 4109 persons in 1981, causing a loss of recorded in Jamalpur (26.93%). The presence of in 37.19 per cent in population during 1971-81. In 1971, it dustrial potentiality is the main reason of high growth was a census town with an area of 5.59 km2 but In 1981 rate. its area reduced to 3.10 km2 and three villages were partly declared rural decreasing its urban population. Out of the fifty seven class III town, four towns depict Kharsawan (7.16%), Netarhat (15.08%), Chaitudih the highest percentage growth of 75.01 & above (19.37%) and Sini (21.88%) towns were also classified whereas ten, thirty 'eight and two towns are covered as decaying towns.
70 MAP II .0 .." BIHAR GROWTH OF URBAN CENTRES 1971-81
Q
I .& ~ BORIO BAZAR ~ IWHAHALI i i...· A PAK"'URI f •• POPULATION GROWTH IN PER CENT 1971-81
.. 75.01 a ABOVE ? RANCHI U·A. HURl ~ 50.01 75.00 .. ITAKI@. BUNDU l' GUHLA ~ 0 IIillIIID 25-01 50.00 ~ ® w CI 1:1>::HI 25.00 a BELOW 1ft SIMDEGA III SIZE OF POPULATION OF :r ~ URBAN CENTRES 1981 o CLASS I (100 000 a AIOVE) D CLASS \I (50 000 99 999)
o CLASS III (20 000 49 999) rt REFERENces o CLASS IV (10000 19999) BOUNDARY, INTEIlNATIONAL _._._ S 5 DIGHWARA 8 KOILWAR KHAGAUL 9 TEGHRA CLASS V VI (BELOW 10000) $fATE " 6, a FATWAH 10 BARAHIYA DISTRICT KILOMETRlS 4 KHUSRUPUR II BARBIGHA oft 10 oft 5 BAKHTIARPUR 12 CHANDRA¥URA NEW TOWNS ADDED IN 1981 ARE MOKAHEH 13 CHANDAUR SHADED IN SOLID BLACK WITHIN BARH 14 KHARSAWAN THE SYHBOLS Of CLASSAIZU
,; lAST OF CQINWICH 86" N°
71 Map 34
TOWNS THAT LOST URBAN STATUS DURING 1971-81
The map represents the distribution of towns which prescribed conditions. It reveals that some new areas lost their urban status during 1971-81. The location of have been declared as urban. Fourteen towns have lost all such towns which. were existing in 1971 but lost their their urban status during 1971-81 of which one each is urban status in 1981 has been plotted on the map and in Patna, Rohtas, Pashchim Champaran, Munger, San the towns are represented by circles proportionate to thai Pargana, Ranchi and Dhanbad districts, two each size of population according to 1971 census as shown in Giridih and Hazaribag districts and three in in the legend of the map. Singhbhum district. Doranda and Jagannathnagar have been amalgamated with Ranchi Municipal Cor Though the total number of urban centres has gone poration during 1981 census. Though the population up in 1981 yet certain areas treated as urban in 1971 of these towns remained urban, yet these areas lost were declassified in 1981 as they did not fulfil the their independent entity as a town.
72 MAP J4
M' BIHAR ...... s ,.". '\.._ TOWNS THAT LOST URBAN STATUS t.'? RAMr-IAGAR • ""\ DURING 1971-81 :t) e I lit "'\ PASHCHIM '.,..,. IcHAMPARAN; ...... 1- '-"J'. \ ~.-= /'" p I J ~,""" ~ ~ . l A Q r-._:..,.... / PURBA l. • r', L ."'/ ' i CLASS V " \...... 1 n' S S A 80UNOAIIY, INTERNATIONAL •• CLASS VI STATE OISTIIICT KILOMETRES ... 211 ...
J laST OF GIEINWICH g'
73 Map 35
URBAN INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE (CLASS I) 1981
The map shows the predominant functional charac centage of workers is less than 40 per cent, the next ter of all class I urban centres of the state in 1981 cen predominant industrial group is added to make It 60 per sus. The workers in nine industrial categories are cent and the town is classified as 'bi-functional'. In case re-grouped as below: - the total percentage of workers in the two predominant industrial groups do not reach to 60 per cent, then the third predominant industrial category is taken into ac Industrial Categories Group count and the town is termed as 'multi-functional'.
After classifying the data in above industrial groups, Cultivators the urban centres are plotted according to their popula Agricultural Labourers tion size on the map. Different shades are selected for each functional categories as shown in the legend of III Uve stock, Forestry, Primary the map. Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, Orchards and There are sixteen class· I urban centres in Bihar as Allied activities per 1981 census. Out of these, four towns are monofunctional, two bl-functional and the remaining IV Mining and Quarrying Mining (10) are multi-functional in character. Dhanbad U.A. V Manufacturing, and Bermo U.A. are mining towns where 45.95 and Processing, Servicing 54.67 per cent workers are engaged in above activity. and Repairs Similarly, Bokaro Steel City U.A. (61.00%) and (a) Household Industry III Industrial Jamshedpur U.A. (57.48%) are industrial towns. All these towns are situated in the mineral belt of (b) Other than household Industry Chotanagpur plateau. Bi-functlon Is limited to Ranchi U.A. and Muzaffarpur vr Construction town only where industry-cum-servlces and services VII Trade and Commerce IV Commercial cum-commerce are the predominant functions respec tively. Transport, Storage VIII Patna, Chapra, Arrah, Bihar, Bhagalpur, Munger, and Communication V Transport Purnia, Katihar. Gaya and Darbhanga are multi-func IX Other Services VI Services tional urban centres. Primary activity is one of the main functions in four towns whereas industry and services are the main functions in seven and eight towns respec The percentage of main workers under each group tively. Besides, trade and commerce is a popular ac is worked out to total main workers for all the class I tivity in all the ten towns. It is worth mentioning that towns and classified accordingly in the above groups. transport is one of the predominant function only in If 40 per cent or more workers constitute in single sec Katihar. tor, the town is classified as 'monofunctional'. If the per-
74 MAP 35
N' 88
-\t BIHAR C' •..,Jr1... ""V '\.._. {.? ~ URBAN INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE (CLASS I) ~ '. \ (". (,..,._ 1981 \ ,.-" .....J'. ,,'a.~ " ...... If' ~ ~ 'r'''''. "' l A Q .(.-._. .,... ",.r l.....__ .,...... _. II L I (• ..-1' \ ..... r! J.,. '.,..,r ", 'i" •.,. •,..? l.. '-...... '" "-. .'-;';:' "".- \'."", .... '-. r-' \ '.~'\ I I .1.J'_'~'oJ ';.1I t! 'f"''''' -'-.,. \, ," -- .... .5 ...... '\.,.1 ....? \...... 1'\, ._ ..,;tI' ~ /' ,...J .... 7-"< • I .;...,.~\) \ ,/ " I \. --: ". -: " C...... { /,' '1J' " /V'. ~ -:- I - ')..... i _l I.., ~- l...... ~" ';UZAFFA"'u...... DAilIMANG'i (' PURNIA U. A. I '"'''''...... I CHI."'" ~_ '(I. "0;::_...,._! '-,,_ ...... _.J ,.J t'.~·. -:- ... --, ( t .... I - , .-.'\. i'\.'tt,'>~ --.- ) (\ "''':)" I, .. ,,~._tr_. "'''' "'f .J. . -:-_ .' i r~li "'i" \, ,d\ I I ::: KATIHAR i ./ ARRAN ___ ;' - ; (-' \ _. 'j i !' .:.~_ . ,.. /' -_- ...... ~.- ..... _.- _'"\ ...... MUNGER I ~ ".._) < ----- ...... ) .I {PATNA "...... [. \...~ (.r •.,...... \., ..... _. j ,....._.-. '. '"'_ e' ",.~ '. .r ' ...... " . A'I81HAR8-· _'-'" .'_ - ,.. .,...,.. " ...... J(\ , /',.; ._ r';""')u .. ":( ,_..... _-_-_./ --- )'.<'_ ..... '\.)" / l ./ <.'• .1'" I -- ...... _. - C -- (.-.... I .:) I ..... y.", ---- .I ~. { ./ ._.-'":> \ )::::.~ / BHAGALPUR .~.f \. . ./ \ G"Y" ._."" ".r· I I { , \ / (.~~ ,J-' ._) i"_" \ t' \ ./ (:=.) ...... ) . \.. I "., r i .I " I N j <, 6;"'".-.-.~~., \. .~ I r. " A I , .t...... \ (~i ') ('.) i ~ .J. _,l '\ A,,! l. ...•J c.. , ...... '7 /'._"-'\...J . ;" ...... _._._. J·'V).l '\,.." "'" /":",\_._1 t, ),.. ~_, '\ v. (;" .,;' i.... i (' • ~. r-' \. .~_. i. t .. f' ~' ... (. .J • ! -<: J .> ..t ., .;._.'; \(' <;./ . ~ ~ . ) ..., ~ L . i ..._r- '"" 1_._, "~ IERMO S"._(' !"'. J 1-• ,...... )." t'· 'f~/. \ '·'lsHAN.AD \. s·1 ...... y ..... " .) (~. \ u . ....Y'.,....,. C;-. <) • ~.... i .- .. (. r ...n j')..J"...... , ~!. ._.1 PREDOMINANT FUNCTIONAL " \. r' "f""' ,-.~) '. I.J ..) ~ BOKARQ.,...... ~ CHARACTER OF URBAN I- ...... ( i '-.J' , "'_·... L I • STEEL CITY , . '-. \ \ . AGGLOMERATION I CITY .,. ( ( '.-.~ '.. -. -t A:) l·.,.._.~· RANCHI U. A. l-.J .. j ( PRIMARY \ }._. e ~ ,. ~ MINING .. l \. V""-...... \ -...-.~ III e ) ~._,..- ...... l (' . ,...... r' ( J (J" ''"\ INDUSTRIAL I ) JAMSHEDPUR '. e III 1"-' { U.A. \ ~ A COMMERCIAL :z: ;...... ).. :-,'\., '-'~ V \...... _.,..,#.-....,.-...... ; '. "\ ~. ) \ ...... " \" TRANSPORT / \ .-...... 1.) 8 o (..'". ,.r-.,...... , ( " SERVICES '\; '-. / It \, ...... n'
BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL S 5 ~5OOOOO. ABOVE STATE Il_)) 100000 _ ~9'l999 DISTRICT kiLOMETRES oM) ,. oM)
J EAST OF GREENWICH 86 Ii
75 Map 36
IN-MIGRANTS 1981
This map elucidates the total in-migrants as per the gana (5.95%) which have less than 6.00 per cent in 1981 census. Circle proportionate to total In-migrants migrants. the remaining districts (10) range between has been drawn in each district. Each circle has been 6.01 to 8.00 per cent of in-migrants. divided into two sectors, showing sex-wise rural and urban in-migrants. Sectors showing rural in-migrants The percentage of urban in-migrants is higher than have been shaded. Figures at the top of each circle in the rural in the districts of Dhanbad (76.90%). dicate the total number of in-migrants. Further, dis Singhbhum (73.10%). Ranchi (64.80%) and Patna trictwise percentage of in-migrants to total population (60.27%) as these districts are economically well has been plotted and grouped into five suitable ranges developed due to mining and industrial resources. and hatched as per the legend of the map. Contrary to this, Madhubani (6.96), Siwan (7.89) and Sitamarhi (9.68) districts have the lower percentages of Although out-migration is more prevalent in Bihar, in-migrants in its urban areas. Among the urban in still 1.33 million persons (1.90 per cent) came from dif migrants, there is a close comparison between male ferent states/union territories and abroad to this state. (22.86%) and female (22.32%) migrants in the state. Among the districts, Dhanbad has exceptionally very Female In-migrants are in higher proportion in twenty high percentage (32.02) of in-migrants. This may be at two districts while male in-migrants are higher In Dhan tributed tothe mining and quarrying activities in the dis bad (45.65%). Singhbhum (38.55%) Ranchl (36.17%), tricts. Singhbhum (14.34%) and Hazaribag (12.03%) Patna (30.81%). Hazaribag (23.69%). Glridlh (21.74%). districts which have also a number of mining areas and Katlhar (13.n%), PUniia (13.20%) and Muzaffarpur industrial centres while Patna district (14.30%), being (11.02%). the state headquarters, have significantly high propor tion of in-migrants. The above districts fall under the The percentage of rural in-migrants to total in highest percentage range of 12.01 & above. migrants reaches even upto 93.04 per cent in Mad hubanl district. Among rural In-migrants, females The districts of Muzaffarpur, Katihar and Giridih have outnumber the males In 011 the districts. Siwan district proportion of in-migrants between 10.01 to 12.00 per has recorded the highest percentage (87.00) of female. cent and the districts of Nalanda, Nawada, Aurangabad, in-migrants whereas the lowest ratio Is observed In Siwan, Gopalganj, Begusarai, Samastipur, Purnia, Dhanbad (12.64) district. The high rate of rural female Munger and Ranchi have the proportion of in-migrants in-migration in the districts may be attributed to the mar between 8.01 and 10.00 per cent. Palamu (5.25%), riage migration. Saran (5.74%), Madhubani (5.79%) and Santhal Par-
76 MAP 36
Ii BIHAR IN· MIGRANTS 1981
p
Q L
...
01(
.. 24' TOTAL IN-MIGRANTS
~ ~m~- 400 000 - 200 000 .,. --90000 M- MALE .. " F - FEMALE ,. URBAN RURAL ,. III PERCENTAGE OF IN-MIGRANTS ..o TO TOTAL POPULATION 101 _ 11·01 • ABOVE ::r 10.01 - 12.00 -~ '.01 - 10.00 o ~ 6.01 - •• 00 n' 5 S ,. BOUNDAIIY, IIfTIINATIONAL 6.00 .. BELOW STATE []]]] DISTIIICT KILOMETRES 40 21 .. FIGURES AT THE TO!' OF THE CIRCLES INDICATE TOTAL IN·MIGRANTS AND INSIDE OR AGAINST THE CIRCLE~ PERCENTAGE OF URBAN/RURAL AND MALE/FEMALE )N-MIGRANTS
14' EAST Of GREENWICH II' II'
77 Map 37
RURAL IN-MIGRANTS TO TOTAL RURAL POPULATION 1981
This map shows the rural in-migrants to total rural & below. These districts are distributed in a sporadic population as per the 1981 census. Circle propor manner In the state. Ranchi has the lowest percentage tionate to total rural in-migrants has been drawn in each (3.84) of rural In-migrants among all the districts In the district. The circles are further divided into three sec state preceded by Palamu (4.46%), Santhal Pargana tors, showing rural to rural, urban to rural and 'unclass (4.78%), Saran (5.16%), Madhubanl (5.56%), ified' in-migrants. Figures at the top of the circle Singhbhum (5.68%), Saharsa (5.73%) and Pashchim indicate total number of rural in-migrants. In addition, Champaran (5.73%) districts. districtwlse percentage of rural in-migrants to total rural population has been plotted and grouped into five Rural to rural migration Is 89.04 per cent while the suitable ranges and hatched as per the legend of the urban to rural is 7.15 per cent only in the state. The map. remaining, 3.81 per cent in-migrants are 'unclassified'. The highest percentage of rural to rural in-migrants is There are 729 497 persons in rural areas of the state . recorded in Darbhanga (96.50%) district whereas the which have been enumerated away from their birth lowest is noted In Sitamarhi (70.40%) district. place during the 1981 census. This constitutes only 1.19 per cent ofthe total rural population. Dhanbad has Urban to rural In-migration Is very low In the state. the highest percentage (14.98) of rural in-migrants In As state above, only 7.15 per cent of the total rural in the state followed by the districts of Gopalganj (9.42%), migrants in the state have come from urban areas. Katihar (9.25%), Patna (9.04%), Samastipur (8.98%), Ranchi district (13.24%) has the highest proportion of Muzaffarpur (8.58%), Siwan (8.42%) and Hazaribag urban to rural in-migrants followed by Palamu (11.54%), (8.15%). The above districts fall in the highest percent Singhbhum (10.84%), Hazaribag (10.73%), Nalanda age range of 8.01 and above. (10.59%), Giridih (10.09%), Santhal Pargana (10.02%) and Dhanbad (10.00%). Except Nalanda, which is a Nine districts in the state correspond to the range of tourist place and has historical significance, the rural 7.01 - 8.00 per cent of rural In-migrants to total rural parts of other districts are rich In minerai deposits, population. These districts are situated in the central which attract people from urban areas too. The urban part of the state. Giridih, with 7.96 per cent of rural in migrants are the least in some of the districts of the north migrants, is at the top among the districts of this Bihar plain. Urban to rural migration is low in the dis category, whereas Darbhanga, with 7.16 per pent, Is at . tricts of Darbhanga (2.82%), Sitamarhi (3.04%), Sahar the bottom. sa (3.88%) and the other districts situated in the plains of the state. The percentage of rural in-migrants to total rural population ranging between 6.01 to 7.00 Is spread over The persons whose place of birth Is not ascertained in six districts. These districts are located in different are grouped under 'unclassified' category. The share areas of the state. Bhagalpur district (6.99%) has of 'unclassified' rural in-migrants Is negligible in all the returned the highest proportion of rural in-migrants fol districts except those which are on the Indo-Nepal bor lowed by Sitamarhi (6.94%), Bhojpur (6.38%), Rohta~ der. The percentage of 'unclassified' rural in-migrants (6.19%), Gaya (6.13%) and Purba Champaran (6.01%) is 26.56 in Sitamarhi district followed by Madhubani districts. (24.56%), Purba Champaran (23.58%), Pashchim Champaran (16.43%), Purnla (8.92%) and Saharsa There are eight districts having the percentage of (7.06%). rural in-migrants in the categories of 5.01 - 6.00 and 5.00
78 MAP 37 8' ..' BIHAR RURAL IN·MIGRANTS TO TOTAL RURAL POPULATION 1981
CI L
TOTAL RURAL IN-MIGRANTS 300000
50000 0000
UNCLASSIFIED URAL TO .. RURAL 11 .,. URBAN TO RURAL w
1ft PERCENTAGE OF RURAL IN-MIGRANTS " TO TOTAL RURAL POPULATION III
8.01 • ABOVE
7.81 - 8.00
STATE AVERAGE ---6.94 o 6.01 - 7.00
S ,.. FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES BOUNDARY, INTBIINAnONAL -. - • - 5 5.01 - 6.00 STATE _._._._ INDICATE TOTAL RURAL IN-MIGRANTS DISTRICT KILOMIITIlES FIGURES INSIDE OR AGAINST THE SECTORS [ill]] " «I OF THE ClitcLE INDICATES PERCENTAGE 5.00 • alLOW , 'r t ! SHARE OF IN-MIGRANTS PERt£NTAGE \!AlUES LESS TO 0..35 ARE NOT SHOWN M IAn OF GIIINwtCH 86' ...
79 Map 38
URBAN IN-MIGRANTS TO TOTAL URBAN POPULATION 1981
The map depicts the urban In-migrants to total urban Rural to urban migration is very prominent in the population in each district of the state as per the 1981 state. 50.31 per cent of urban migrants in the state are census. The cartographic technique adopted in the from rural areas. The districts with higher potential of preparation ofthis map is according to map number 37. industrial development. pull large number of persons from rural areas. Dhanbad (76.40). Hazaribag (71.35) There are 601 422 urban in-migrants which constitute and Giridih (70.23) districts. having higher percentage 6.90 per cent of the total urban population in the state. of rural to urban migration, are the example of the above At district level, large variations are observed. Dhanbad contention. Contrary to this. Madhubani (51.20), district has the highest percentage {48.64} of urban in Palamu (51.21), Gaya (56.16) and Santhal Pargana migrants to total urban population whereas the lowest (56.66) have recorded the lower percentages of rural in percentage exists in Nalanda (9.62) district. migrants to its urban areas.
The percentage of urban in-migrants to total urban Compared to rural to urban migration. urban to population in the range of 28.01 - 36.00 covers five dis urban migration is low in the state. There are 39.25 per tricts. They are located in three areas in the map. cent in-migrants from urban areas in the state as per Glridih has recorded 34.62 per cElnt urban in-migrants 1981 Census. Among the districts. the highest percent tototal urban population followed by Hazaribag (33.86), age of urban to urban migrants Is recorded In Palamu Singhbhum (32.68), Katihar (31.98) and Pumia (28.74) (46.86) district followed by Gaya (41.93), Madhubani districts. (40.57), Nalanda (39.95) and Bhojpur (39.12); whereas the lowest may be seen in Dhanbad (21.47) district. The range of 20.01 - 28.00 in-migrants covers six dis tricts which have isolated location. Muzaffarpur (27.18) The urban in-migrants with unspecified place of birth has the highest percentage of urban in-migrants in this are grouped under 'unclassified' category. The per range. Remaining districts are Ranchi (26.70%), centage of migrants in this group is 10.44 of the total Samastipur (26.24%), Patna (23.22%), Santhal Pargana urban in-migrants In the state. The districts facing Indo (21.69%) and Gopalganj (20.66%). Nepal border have higher percentage of migrants in this category. The district of Sltamarhi (12.13) has returned The largest number of districts (18) are recorded· the highest percentage of 'unclassified', migrants fol under the range of 12.01 - 20.00 per cent. These dis lowed by Madhubani (8.23), Katihar (6.61) and Purba tricts are located in different parts of the state. The max Champaran (6.32). imum and the minimum percentages of urban in-migrants are recorded in Saharsa (19.74) and Bhoj pur (12.07) districts respectively.
80 MAP 38
BIHAR URBAN IN-MIGRANTS TO TOTAL URBAN POPULATION 1981
'" Q L
..
<
~
((, TOTAL URBAN IN-MIGRANTS --_. soc 000 ~ l~
----300000
., ----100000
-0 " ----10000 ,.:, RUR ... L TO URB ... N
".,. UR ....N TO U..... N W 0 11'1 (II PERCENTAGE OF URBAN IN-MIGRANTS :a:: ~ TO TOTAL URBAN POPULATION = = 36.01 .. ABOYE
1128.01 - 36.00 o STATE AYUAGE ~ 20.-01--28-.0-0 :n.lI
BOUNDARY. INnRNATIONAL S S FIGU~ES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES ~ STAn INDICATE TOTAL URBAN IN-MIGRANTS ~ 11.01 - la.OO DISTRICT KILOHETIlES .. fIGURES INSIDE OR AGAINST THE I , ITIillJ 1 ! SECTORS OF THE CIRCLE INDICATE 11.00" a£LOW PERCENTAGE SHARE OF IN-MIGRANTS
~o fAST OF GQINWICH
81
ECONOMIC ASPECTS Map 39
MAIN WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS IN TOTAL POPULATION 1981
The map depicts the main workers and non-workers retains the lowest female workers in age group 0 - 14. with male and female break-up in each district of the This Is the lowest figure in all age groups also. Similar state during 1981 census. Data of male and female ly, Nawada district possesses 4.20 per cent of female main workers and non-workers In various age groups main workers in age group 40 - 49 and this figure is the Is calculated and shown with proportionate horizontal highest In all the age groups in the districts. The propor bar in each district for males and females separately in tion of female main workers is lower ,in the districts lo different age groups. The respectiv~ age group bar is cated in plain areas, in comparison to plateau. further divided into workers and non-workers. Workers are shown with black hatching whereas non-workers Non-workers - The proportion of non-workers Is are left blank as per the legend of the map. higher than main workers. There are 37.84 per cent male non-workers in the state in 19B1 census. The age Main workers - There are 85.17 per cent main male group 0 - 14 alone occupies 30.45 per cent while the workers in the state in 1981 census. The percentage remaining percentage of l11ale non-workers fall In the share of male main workers varies in different age age groups 15 - 19 (3.36%), 20 - 24 (1.37%) and 60 + groups. It is the lowest in age group 0 - 14 (3.25%) while (1.50%) respectively. The districts also, depict the the highest in age group 40 - 49 (16.10%). Basically, simDar pattern. Ranchi district shares 32.66 per cent of the age group 0 - 14, belongs to non-workers. Dhan its non-working male population in age group 0 - 14 bad (1.31) has the lowest percentage of male main which Is the highest value whereas the'lowest remains workers in age group 0 - 14 whereas the highest per In Sitamarhl (28.64%) In the same age group. In the centage (5.81) Is in Purnia district. This reflects the posi remaining age groups, the proportion of male non tion of child labour in this district. Contrary to this, workers is very low. Dhanbad (21.19%) has the highest sha{e of male main workers in age group 40 - 49 which is only 12.63 per Females outnumber males in non-working popula cent in Saharsa district in this age group. The propor tion. It is 62. 16 per cent of the total non-working popula tion of male main workers increases along with the age tion In the state In 1981. In the age group 0 - 14, the groups but within the same age group, the variation is percentage Is 28.84 which Is the highest In all the not very significant among the districts. groups. In comparison to male non-working popula tion, female's proportion Is much higher in all the age The total female main workers are only 14.83 per cent groups. In the districts also, similar pattern is revealed. to total main workers in the state during 1981 census. It is the highest in Palamu district in age group 0 - 14 In various age groups, its proportion is inslgnmcant. (32.27%) whereas the lowest percentage share Is The highest percentage of female main workers is ob recorded in Saharsa district in age group 35 - 39 served in age group 40 - 49 (2.70%) while the lowest In (2.47%). In general, the female non-workers are higher age group 60 + (0.81 %). Sitamarhi (0.11 %) district in districts of Bihar plain than plateau areas.
84 MAP )9 ... BIHAR MAIN WORKERS AND NON· WORKERS IN TOTAL POPULATION 1981 rJ
11
BIHAR
AGE GROUP III
_MAIN WORKERS 0 NON -WORKERS
s 5 -iO_4t 40_~' .. 0-49 '~'IY. 1IITIIIIU.1IONAL 15-39 3S-3' 5-3 :g-1'LlQ-H f._:I;'L30_H 1~,-1l0-.1' STAft 15_29 25_29 U-lJ 20_24 IlLOMETIIIS 20-24 20_24 DlITAICT IS-It IS-19 15-19 40 40 __ 0-11 __ 0-14 ! ! .--'===~ 0-1. T r 4 0 0 ,. '--0 O~~~. .. J0 0 " J '." PATN" GOPALGANJ 8EGUSAOAI '--r-,------:I4';·-:E=A::ST:-:O=-'-=G=q=IN=WI=CH::------: L..------l.... ______:/:...... J 86 ~,...... ------~------~;_------...... --' 85 Map 40
RURAL MAIN WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS 1981
The map shows main workers and non-workers with Non-workers - The percentage of rural male non male and female break-up in each district of the state workers is 37.30 in the state in 1981 census. Its lC!rger during 1981. The cartographic technique is the same proportion remains in age group 0 - 14 (30.89%). The as in the previous map. remaining proportAgn of 6.41 per cent of rural male non workers is distributed in other age-groups, which Is 2.97 Main workers - The percentage of rural male main per cent in age group 15 -19,1.05% in 20 - 24,0.40% workers to total rural main workers in the state Is 84.26 In 25 - 29, 0.16% in 30 - 34, 0.07% in 35 - 39, 0.10% in per cent in 1981 census. It is obviously the lowest in 40 - 49, 0.17% in 50 - 59 and 1.49% In 60 +. The western age group 0 - 14 (3.45%). The break up of rural main districts of Bihar plain possess higher percentage of workers stands at 7.78% in 15 - 59, 9.17% in 20 - 24, rural male non-workers in age group 60 +. The highest 10.47% in 25 - 29, 10.04% in 30 - 34, 9.30% in 35 - 39 percentage of non-workers is recorded in Bhojpur dis and the highest of 15.47% in 40 - 49 age group. Very trict (2.29%) while the lowest in Purnia district (0.93%) characteristically to the Indian situations, proportion of in this age group. But considering all age groups rural main workers goes down to 10.02% in 50 - 59 and together, the proportion of male non-workers is the 8.56% in age group 60 + ages. At the district level, the highest In Ranchi (40.85%), while it is the lowest in highest percentage of rural male main workers is Sitamarhi (33.46%) districts. recorded in Dhanbad (19.57) in age group 40 - 49. Though 0 -14 age group is basically a non-working age, The rural female ncn-workers constitute as high as even then 1.74 per cent rural male main workers is noted 62.70 per cent in the state in 1981 which is much higher in this age group in Dhanbad district. than the males. Among all the age groups, it is the highest in the age group 0 - 14 being 29.35 per cent. The percentage of rural female main workers to total The remaining percentage (33.35) of rural female rural main workers is 15.74 per cent in the state. It is non-workers is distributed in other age groups, viz., the lowest (1.14%) in age group 0 -14. The percentage 4.53% in 15-19,4.65% in20-24, 4.18%in25-29, 3.77% share of rural female main workers increases in higher in 30 - 34, 3.15% in 35 - 39, 4.97% in 40 - 49, 3.48% in age groups from 15 - 19 to 50 - 59 but it decreases in 50 - 59, and 4.62 per cent in 60 + ages in the state. The age groups 60 +. However, the highest (2.85) percent above figures indicate that the proportion of female age of female rural main workers remains in age group non-workers is more in the age group 40 - 49 (4.97%) 40 - 49 in the state. In general, the districts of the state and less in the age group 35 - 39 (3.15%). The districts also align to the trend greatly. In age group 0 - 14, also reveal the same trend. The highest percentage of Sitamarhi (0.11 %) district depicts a low share of female female non-workers including all the age groups, is workers while surprisingly Ranchi shows the percent found in Sitamarhi (66.54), while Ranchi has 59.15 per age of 3.25 female workers in the same age group. In cent of female non-workers which is the lowest in the the higher ages of 40 - 49, Nawada district records 4.33 state. per cent rural female main workers which is the highest percentage share among all the districts in the state.
86 _. MAP 40 BIHAR RURAL M AIN WORKERS AND NON - WORKERS 1981
0
~
~ • BIHAR
..,. I I I ,. .. • to, do IU 0
IAtlCKI
$0-5' ..5<1-5'1 _ IOUNDARY, INDINA s 5 Oi_.. .. TIOHAL "-,, lJ-n STATE JO-J4 .-u HAIN WORKERS -14-" 20-14"+LU-" DISTRICT' +L 15-1' j -"-I< I-I. NON -WORKERS 1 , ,..---.---. • "1'~ JZO~ o PATNA NAWAOA _" Map 41
URBAN MAIN WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS 1981
The map depicts the pattern of urban main workers Female main workers in urban areas in the state is and non-workers with male and female break up in each only 7.34 per cent in 1981. It is 0.33 per cent in age district of the state during 1981 census. The car group 0-14 which increases to 0.48 in 15-19, 0.77 in tographic technique is the l?ame as adopted for map 20-24, 1.05 in 25-29, 1.05 in 30-34, 1.02 in 35-39, 1.50 in number 39. 40-49, 0.72 in 50-59 and 0.42 in 60 +. The above data reveal that 0-14 and 40-49 age groups have the lowest Main workers - The urban male main workers con and the highest proportion of female workers In the stitute 92.66 per cent in the state during 1981. I n dif state. The proportion of female workers in the districts ferent age groups, the proportion of urban male main follow similar trend. workers vary considerably. It is the highest in age group 40-49 (21.33%) whereas the lowest in 0-14 Non-workers - Male non-workers in urban areas of (1.66%). The proportion of urban male main workers Bihar are 41.28 per cent to total non-workers during increases upto 49 age groups and thereafter depict a 1981. The largest proportion of these non-workers are decreasing ratio. There are 1.66 per cent urban male in age group 0-14 (27.65%) followed by 15-19 (5.91%). main workers in age group 0-14, 5.11 in 15-19, 9.39 in 20-24 (3.44%) and 60 + {1.57%}. In the remaining age 20-24, 12.65 in 25-29, 13.54 in 30-34, 13.01 in 35-39, groups their proportion is negligible. Among the dis 21.33 in 40-49, 10.55 in 50-59 and 5.42 in 60 + in Bihar. tricts, Purba Champaran retains 29.52 per cent of the The proportion of urban male main workers in the above male non-workers in age group 0-14 which is the age groups follow similar trend in the districts also. highest proportion. Gopalganj district has 0.06 per cent Singhbhum district retains 23.25 per cent urban male non-workers in the age group 35-39 being the lowest in main workers in age group 40-49 which is the highest the districts. figure among the districts and in all age groups. In the above age group, Saharsa has only 18.35 per cent of Non-workers in females, in urban areas are common. workers. The age group 0-14 is basically non-workers. There are 58.72 per cent female non-workers in the state Even though, 0.90 and 3.12 per cent male main workers in 1981 census. Their break up of non-workers in are counted in the districts of Dhanbad and Saharsa various age groups are 25.64 per cent in 0-14, 5.61 in respectively. 15-19, 5.04 in 20-24, 4.58 In 25-29, 4.01 in 30-34, 3.41 in 35-39, 4.68 in 40-49, 2.64 in 50-59, 3.11 in 60 +.
88 HAP 41
·4' 88 BIHAR URBAN MAIN WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS 1981
o
_,
BIHAR AGE ..,. :~ll; GROUP j-It .,. 0-14 -=r=~---,O 0 5 10 15 o 15 10 S ('0000) ,_ r! f~:~: ,~." . RANCHI ...,.;;' '..,._. 1-19 ( i -.b~=o==;=~_ 0 0-1 0 .. B 12 1620 i 20 16 12 , • ('00 0001 i .,)... -'-.~ { ) / r", O c...~ r ...... _., -.'\., 1... It
BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL S 5 STATE • HAIN WORKERS DISTRICT kllOMETIU!!S 40 20 o NON-WORKE'!-S
..; !AST Of GRUNWICH 86"
89 Map 42
MAIN WORKERS 1981
This map shows the percentage of main workers to Hazaribag, Aurangabad, Begusarai, Rohtas, Sitamarhi, total population in age group 15-59 of the state in 1981 Giridih and Dhanbad. The highest value of this range is census. In this map, districtwise circle proportionate to 50.89 per cent in Purba Champaran while 47.41 per cent the total main workers has been drawn. The percent is the lowest in Dhanbad district. The state average of age of rural and urban main workers have been indi 49.95 per cent, also falls in this range. cated by the proportionate sectors within the circle. The shaded sector represents the percentage share of There are eight districts, namely Madhubani, Muzaf rural main workers while the blank sector indicates the farpur, Patna, Samastlpur, Darbhanga, Gopalganj, share of urban. The percentage of main workers to total Bhojpur and Vaishali falling in the range of 43.01-47.00 population in age group 15-59 has been calculated and per cent of main workers to total population in age grouped into five ranges and hatched according to the group 15-59. It varies from 46.75 per cent In Madhubani grade of high to low by choropleth technique as shown to 43.38 per cent in Vaishall. in the legend of the map. Saran and Siwan districts, having 40.63 and 40.51 The percentage of main workers is the highest in five per cent main workers respectively, constitute the districts, namely Saharsa, Purnia, Palamu, Pashchim lowest range of 43.00 per cent and below. The above Champaran and Ranchi, constituting the range of 55.01 districts are located adjoining to each other. & above. It varies between 56.50 per cent in Saharsa district and 55.36 per cent in Ranchl district. The percentage of main workers in ruraJ areas (88.46) are much higher than urban (11.54) in the state. There are six districts viz., Katihar, Santhal Pargana, There are twenty one districts with more than ninety per Nawada, Gaya, Singhbhum and Nalanda, constituting cent of rural main workers, being the highest in Mad the second range of 51.01-55.00 per cent of main hubani (97.13) and the lowest in Dhanbad (47.36). As workers. The highest value of this range is 54.89 per regards urban main workers, Dhanbad (52.64) has the cent in Katihar district while 51.09 per cent, is the lowest highest percentage and madhubani (2.87) the lowest, in Nalanda district. among all the districts.
In the third range of 47.01-51.00, there are ten dis tricts, namely Purba Champaran, Bhagalpur, Munger,
90 MAP 42
BIHAR MAIN WORKERS 1981 ..
o L
_, 'lA'
TOTAL MAIN WORKERS -1100 000 -100000 - 500000 .,. - lOO 000
..,. URIAN RURA~ .,. PERCENTAGE OF MAIN WORKERS a IU TO TOTAL POPULATION IN AGE· GROUP 15·59
_ SS.OI"AIOVI
• SI·OI-n ...
~ STATE AVERAGE E3 47.01 - 51.10 <49.95 o ~ 4'.01-47.00 IOUNOARY. INTlIlHATIOHAL _. _ • _ S 5 ,. STATI _._._._ o:rrm 4l.00.BELOW DISTIIICT ItILOHITUS .. 20 A<>URES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES INDICATE TOTAL ..... IN ! ,. , .. I WORKERS IN IIGE·GROUP 15.5'1
a4 EAST O. GIIQIIWICH ..
91 Map 43
MALE MAIN WORKERS 1981
This map shows the percentage of male main the lowest in Vaishali district. The state average of 83.39 workers in age group 15 - 59 to total population of the also falls In this range. state in 1981 census. The map has been drawn as per cartographic technique adopted in the map number 42. The districts of Aurangabad, Rohtas and Nalanda constitute the fourth range of 80.Q1 - 82.00. It varies The highest range of 86.01 per cent and above is con from 81.65 per cent in Aurangabad to 80.22 per cent in stituted by seven districts; viz., Purnia, Sitamarhi, Purba Nalanda. Champaran, Pashchim Champaran, Katihar, Palamu and Santhal Pargana. The highest value of this range There are six districts, viz., Siwan, Singhbhum, Bhoj is 90.02 per cent in Purnia while 87.08 per cent is the pur, Saran, Dhanbad and Patna in the lowest range of towest in Santhal Pargana. 80.00 per cent and below. The highest value of this range is 79.98 per cent in Siwan while it is 76.12 per cent, There are seven districts in the range of 84.01 - 86.00 the lowest in Patna. per cent of male main workers. These districts are Saharsa, Nawada, Samastipur, Gopalganj, Madhubani, There is a large gap between rural and urban male Muzaffarpur and Begusaral. Except Nawada, others main workers In the state. Out of thirty one districts, are located in northem part of Bihar. The variation be nineteen possess more than ninety per cent male main tween the highest and the lowest value is 85.72 per cent workers in its rural areas. Its share is very high in the in Saharsa and 84.11 per cent in Begusarai. districts of the north Bihar plain. It reaches even upto 97.00 per cent in Madhubani district which is the highest There are eight districts, containing Darbhanga, value. Contrary "to this, the districts of Dhanbad Ranchi, Hazaribag, Bhagalpur, Giridih, Gaya, Munger (53.80%). Patna (38.10%), Singhbhum (30.40%), and Vaishali in the range of 82.01 - 84.00 per cent of Ranchi (20.10%) and Hazaribag (17.40%) stand in order male main workers. The highest value of this range is of higher value of urban workers in the state. 83.59 per cent in Daihhanga while it is 82.01 per cent, MAP 4J
tIt· u· BIHAR MALE MAIN WORKERS 1981
o L .. _,
c
TOTAL MALE MAIN WORKERS • --·-.000 ---700000 ··-500000 - -- 300000 .,. __ 2ODooo
.. UR.,... RURAL ." .,. PERCEN_TAGE OF MALE MAIN III WORKERS IN AGE-GROUP 15-5' G ... TO TOTAL POPULATION III _ 86.01. ABOVE
l1li "'.01 - 86.00 STAT. AVERAGE ~ 0.01 .::--e4.OO 1].39 o ~ 10.01 _ 0.00
BOUNDARY. INTEIlMATlONAL _. _. _ S S
~ATE _._._._ ITIIIlJ 10.00. BELOW DI~RICT KILOMETIB 40 21 40 FIGURE~ AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES INDICATE TOTAL MAl.! MAIN WORKERS ! ! FIGURES INSIDE OR AGAINST THE SECTORS INDICATE PERCENTAGE OF MALE MAIN WORKERS IN RURAL AND URIIIIN AREAS
M lAST O. GQlNWlCH III'
93 Map 44
FEMALE MAIN WORKERS 1981
This map shows the percentage of female main in Giridih. The state average of 15.23 per cent also falls workers to total female population in age group 15 - 59 in this range. ofthe state In 1981 census. It is prepared according to the cartographic technique adopted in the map number The fourth category of 8.01 -12.00 percent of female 42. main workers covers eleven districts and are mainly lo cated in the north Bihar plain In a compact form. Among The highest range of 20.01 and above on the map these districts, Begusaral with 11.38 per cent, is the comprises Ranchl, Saharsa, Palamu, Nawada, Gaya, highest while Gopalganj with 8.22 per cent share. is the Singhbhum and Nalanda districts. The highest value of lowest. this range Is 26.08 per cent In Ranchl district, which Is the highest in the state also, while 20.62 per cent Is the Only the districts of Vaishali and Sitamarhi. having lowest in Nalanda. 7.62 and 4.04 per cent of female main workers respec tively. constitute the lowest range of 8.00 per cent and In the range of 16.01 - 20.00, there are six districts, below. namely, Pashchim Champaran, Santhal Pargana, Pur nia, Katihar, Munger and Bhagalpur. It varies between The break up of rural and urban percentage share of 19.86 per cent in Pashchim Champaran and 16.12 per female main workers Is 94.50 and 5.50 respectively In cent In Bhagalpur. Except Pashchim Champaran, the state. Except Dhanbad, Singhbhum and Patna, its remaining districts are located in a compact belt In east share is more than ninety per cent In the distriCts. Mad ern part of the state. hubani (98.60%) depicts the highest rural female main workers share In the entire state due to household in There are five districts. viz .• Aurangabad. Hazaribag. dustries. The share of urban female main workers Is Patna. Rohtas and Girldih, falling In the range of 12.01 - less than ten per cent In twenty eight districts. It Is more 16.00. All these districts are situated in southern part of only In Dhanbad (39.30%). Patna (22.60%). and the state. The highest value of this range Is 14.61 per Singhbhum (10.80%) districts. cent In Aurangabad whOe it is 12.10 per cent, the lowest
94 MAP 44
·1 BIHAR FEMALE MAIN WORKERS 1981
Q L
...
• TOTAL FEMALe MAIN WORKERS _ 2%5000
-100000 _60000 .. -15000 ".,. ... URIAN RURAL CI PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE MAIN WORKERS TO TOTAL FEMALE 1ft POPULATION IN AGE-GROUP IS-$9
2001 • AIOVE
STATE AVERAG! --:-:-:-:--15·lJ o IZ.OI 16.00
S S BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL _. _. _ fiGURES AT THE TOP Of THE CIRCLES 8.01 IZ.oo STATE _._._-- INDICATE TOTIlL FEMALE MAIN WORKERS DISTRICT -._._._._ KILOMETIU!S fiGURES INSIDE OR AGAINST THE SECTORS 8.00 • BELOW 2. .. INDICATE PERCENTAGE OF fEM"LE MAIN WORKERS IN RURAL AND URB"N AREAS
a4 EAST Of GaEENWIc,H 86 as"
95 Map 45
MALE AND FEMALE MAIN WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES 1981
The map shows districtwise male and female main Male and female workers in livestock, forestry, fish workers in various Industrial categories as per 1981 cen ing, hunting and plantation, orchards and allied· ac sus. Data regarding male and female main workers in tivities and mining and quarrying are insignificant in nine industrial categories are calculated. Proportionate above districts. Dhanbad is the only district where bars for each industrial category are drawn for male and 26.82 per cent male and 2.14 per cent female are female main workers respectively. The nine industrial engaged In mining and quarrying. Hazarlbag (9.01%) categories are further grouped into three activities, i.e., and Glridlh (7.79%) also show male workers In the (i) primary, (ii) secondary, and (iii) tertiary and hatched above category. as per legend of the map. Secondary activity - Manufacturing, processing, In Bihar, the highest percentage of workers are servicing and repairs and construction are tagged with engaged in primary activity (81.51) followed by tertiary secondary activity. 6.48 per cent males and 0.70 per (11.31) and secondary (7.18). 11'1 the above activities cent females are engaged in this activity in the state. males are dominating over the females at state as well Dhanbad (19.22) and Singhbhum (16.29) districts have as district level. the highest percentage of male workers in this activity whereas the lower ratio remains in the districts of Sahar Primary activity - A large proportion of workers are sa (2.76%), Purnia (3.25%), Purba Champaran (3.55%), engaged in primary activity in all the districts. In this ac Sitamarhi (3.87%). The female workers in secondary tivity males dominate the females. The highest percent activity are insignificant. More than one per cent share age of male Is noticed In Sitamarhi (85.57) district of female workers is found only In the distrlcts..of San whereas the lowest is recorded in Singhbhum (48.50) thai Pargana (1.91), Singhbhum (1.63), Dhanbad (1.09) district. Generally, the districts located in north Bihar and Ranchi (1.05). plain have higher percentage of male workers than the other districts. The female workers engaged in primary Tertiary activity - This includes trade and com activity have relatively high percentage in Chotanagpur merce, transport, storage & communications and 'other plateau which is high in Ranchi (21.21) and Nawada services'. There are 10.57 and 0.74 per cent male and (21.08) districts. It is just 3.44 per cent in $itamarhl dis female workers engaged in this activity in the state. trict. In primary activity, a large share of workers, both Among the districts, large variation in percentage of male and female, belong to cultivators and agricultural workers exist in this activity. Patna and Dhanbad have labourers. Male cultivators retain higher percentage returned 25.95 and 22.44 per cent of male workers In than agricultural labourers in all the districts barring the tertiary sector which is very high ratio in comparison Pashchim Champaran, Begusarai, Darbhanga, to other districts. The percentage of male workers is Sitamarhl, Purnla and Katihar. The percentage varia the lowest in Gopalganj district (5.66%). The female tion between male cultivators and male agricultural workers above one per cent In this sector are witnessed labourers are not significant in the districts of north in Patna (1.84), Singhbhum (1.77), Dhanbad (1.69) and Bihar plain but this variation Is very high in Chotanag Ranchi (1.49) districts. In the tertiary sector in the state pur plateau districts, being maximum in Ranchi (47.12% 'other services' retain 5.35 per cent of main workers fol and 7.60%). The female workers are largely engaged lowed by trade and commerce (4.12%) and transport, as agricultural labourers. Santhal Pargana, Giridih, storage and communications (1.84%) respectively. Ranchl and Hazarlbag are the only districts where The same trend is revealed in the districts also. female cultivators exceed agricultural labourers.
96 MAP 45
BIHAR MALE AND FEMALE MAIN WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES 1981
L
",.
<
( BIHAR (,"':;:::;:,=T,=; )'.,,'1 I ,'.J<, ~.J" '-...... "" ,.-...... _"'.,. \.._ . .. \II or " INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE. 1981 I [CULTIVATORS II AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS III LIVESTOCK, FORESTRY, FISHING, HUNTING AND PLANTATIONS, ORCHARDS AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES IV MINING AND QU"RRYING SA - SAMASTIPUR SI-SiTAMARHI V {H'-NUFACTURING. Pfl.OCESSlNG MU-MUZAFFARPUI SERVICING AND REPAIRS VA-VA'SHAU , , (.) HOUSEHOLD INDUSiR Y 8ill (b) OTHER THAN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY VI CONSTRUCTION BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _._. _ .. STATE VII {TRADE AND COMMERCE .. DISTRICT TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS IX OTHER SERVICES
el lAST OF GlEENWICH
97 Map 46
URBAN MALE A'ND FEMALE MAIN WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES 1981
The map depicts urban male and female main male and female workers engaged In this activity In the workers engaged In industrial categories in each district state. The number of workers in manufacturing. of the state during 1981 census. The cartographic tech processing, servicing and repairs outnumber the nique adopted In drawing of this map Is as per map workers In construction In all the districts. In this ac number 45. tivity. male workers are very high In proportion to females. Besides. the percentage of workers Primary activity - There are 5.13 and 0.571akh male decreases In the districts of the north Bihar plain. It Is and female workers engaged in primary activity In the the highest In the districts of Singhbhum (43.09%). state during 1981 census. This constitutes 22.80 and Ranchl (25.63%) and Dhanbad (23.85%) of Chotanag 2.57 per cent to total male and female main workers pur plateau. respectively. Among the districts. a wide range of varia tion exist In workers in this activity. The totaJ number of Tertiary activity - There are 1 022 143 male and male workers are maximum In the districts of Dhanbad 82 257 female workers which constitute 45.40 and 3.65 (108055), Patna (42156). Haiarlbag (33179). Munger per cent to total main workers. engaged in this activity (32363), Purnia (25 784), Ranchl (238n) etc. but In In the state during 1981 census. Among the districts; terms of percentage, Gopalganj district has 44.07% Patna retains the highest number of both male male workers In primary activity. The lowest share Is (161 764) and female (12 643) workers followed by noted in Darbhanga (7.68%) district. Female workers Dhanbad (98 944) males & 8 115 females). Singhbhum are Insignificant In primary activity. The highest and the (82 310) males & 12 249 females). Ranchl (79 600 lowest percentage share of female workers is in Sahar males & 11 068 females), Munger (46 249 males & sa (8.26) and Muzaffarpur (0.32) districts. Male agricul 3212 females). Gaya (44 757 males & 2 884 females) tural labourers are relatively higher than CUltivators In etc. In tertiary sector 'other services' (467 938) and the districts of the north Bihar plain while lower In trade and commerce (437 160) have engaged higher· Chotanagpur plateau. Mining and quarrying Is the main number of workers In comparison to transport. storage Occupation in Dhanbad district where 30.84 per cent and communication (199 302) In Bihar. The male male workers are engaged followed by Glrldlh workers engaged In trade and commerce are higher In (27.61%), Hazarlbag (27.30%) and Singhbhum (5.69%). twenty four districts whereas In seven districts. this Female workers also contribute to some extent In min place Is taken by 'other services' workers. Katlhar Is ing and quarrying in the above districts. the only district where the bar depicting transport. storage and communication Is larger than 'other Secondary activity - Manufacturing, processing, services'. The participation of female workers in tertiary servicing and repairs and construction are clubbed into sector Is relatively higher than the previous two secondary activity.. There are 24.47 and 1.11 per cent sectors. Their contribution in 'other services' is more prominent.
98 HAP 46
BIHAR URBAN MALE AND FEMALE MAIN WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES 1981
KILOMETRES 40 11 0
o L
....
0(
D SA"THAL PARGAN'"
VII l!.J .:eJ~OO~~VI V IV III II I r---> 10 0 0 Ie
INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE 1981
I {CUL nVATORS " AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS IllI111Illfll III LIVESTOCK,fORESTRY, FISHING, 00. HUNTING AND PLANTATIONS, ORCHARDS AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES IV MINING AND QUARRYING
V tMANUFACTURING, PROCESSING fT'7l SERVICING AND REPAIRS LJi.i.J (.) HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY "' (b) OTHER THAN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY SA-SAMASTIPUR III 1" VI CONSTRUCTION NA-"ALA"DA :r r' .... VA-VAISHALI \. _ V;:{TRADE AND COMMERCE HU-MUZAFFARPUA VIII TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS 1X OTHER SERVICES BIHAR PERCENTAGE o 5 L------" " s S ~~It~ ~ ,. FEMALE BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL -, - • - Ul II ~An _._._._ I DI~RICT ... ~o 'ATNA IN '000
99 Map 47
RURAL MALE AND FEMALE MAIN WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES 1981
The map depicts the proportion of male and female retain the minimum number of workers in the districts. rural main workers engaged in different industrial ac Purnia (1.17), Katihar (1.19) and Singhbhum (1.29) are tivities in the districts during 1981 census. The car the only districts having more than one per cent male tographic technique adopted in the drawing of this map workers in the above activities. Likewise, the male is according to map number 45. workers in mining and quarrying activities are sig nificant in the districts of Dhanbad (64 992). Hazaribag Primary activity - There are 18.50 million rural main (30 834), Giridih (19 817), Singhbhum (8 288) and workers, of which 16.34 million (88.34%) are engaged Ranchi (7 979) In this activity in the state. In this sector, cultivators and agricultural labourers are the main occupant. Male Secondary activity - In rural areas of the state. agricultural labourers are higher than cultivators only in workers in secondary activity are 'very insignificant. the districts of Pashchim Champaran, Sitamarhi, There are only 7.92 lakh male (4.28%) and 1.21 lakh Begusarai, Darbhanga, Purnia and Katihar, all located (0.65%) female workers engaged in this activity In Bihar in the north Bihar plain. In the remaining districts, male during-19B1 census. Among the districts; Santhal Par cultivators are in higher number. The highest number gana has the highest number of male (65 718) and of cultivators is observed in the districts of Santhal Par female (22 828) workers whereas the lowest Is noted in gana (622 591), Ranchi (487253), Saharsa (374243) Nawada (10469) In male and GopaiganJ (799) in female whereas the highest percentage of cultivators remains respectively. Manufacturing, processing. servicing and in Gopalganj (62.73), Siwan (60.88), Giridih (56.66), repairs have engaged relatively more number of Saran (54.69) and Ranchi (54.61) districts. In Ranchi workers than construction in the rural sector. district, there is a variation of 46.28 per cent between cultivators and agricultural labourers which is the max Tertiary activity - Trade and commerce, transport. imum in the state. The proportion of female workers Is storage and communication and 'other services' are in higher in labourers (10.33%) than cultivators (4.21%) in cluded in tertiary activity. Altogether 11.72 lakh male the state. In the districts of Ranchi, Santhal Pargana, and 0.71 lakh female workers earn their livelihood by Giridih and Hazaribag, female cultivators are more than this activity in the state. Trade and commerce (2.26%) agricultural labourers because of tribal population. It is and 'other services' (3.48%) hold considerable number the highest in Ranchi (150 844) and the lowest in of workers in this sector. Although such activities are Sitamarhi (3 514) districts. Similarly, the female agricul not very prominent in rural areas. even though 12.05 per tural labourers are higher in the districts of Saharsa cent of th total male main workers in Dhanbad district (171 533), Purnia (164 478), Gaya (138 160), Munger are engaged in tertiary sector. Female workers do not (110 719), Pashchim Champaran (90 001) in com share even one per cent in a single sector of tertiary ac parison to other districts. Livestock, forestry,fishing, tivity among the districts. hunting and plantations, orchards and allied activities
100 MAP 47
BIHAR RURAL MALE AND FEMALE MAIN WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES 1981
40 20 .0
....
BIHAR
PERc:ENTAGE so ... ,0 10 2. L___ ~ ___~L_ __~~~ __~~=OO ~ __ ~ __ ___ VIII . 'II' MAlE . ~'X~ FEMAI.£ 'v """IIIIIIIIIIIIRIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII"IIIIIIIIIIIII "':' .----.--, to 80 70 60 50 ofO 30 20 10 ~0 0 10 20 PERSONS IN'OO DOD
III INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE 1981
'{CULTIVATORS " AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS III LIVESTOCK,FOP.ESTk.Y. FISHING, HUNTING AND PLANTATIONS,ORCHARDS AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES IV MINING AND QUARRYING
':.:: '. ..'i:. V{;~~~~~~~I~~~::~~ESSING S-SAMASTIPUR I,:· :.:: ... J h) HOUSEHOLD INDU51RY N-NAlANDA . . ... (b) OTHER THAN HOUSEHOLD INDUS1RY 21' s 5 VI CONSTRUCTION BOUNDARY, INTE~NATIONAL " EAST OF GREENWICH 101 Map 48 MAIN WORKERS WITH EDUCATIONAL LEVELS 1981 The map represents main workers with educational have relatively higher percentage of workers in this levels in the state according to 1981 census. The main category. workers in rural and urban areas with educational levels are calculated for each district. Half adjusted circles for 'Literates without educational level' in the rural main rural and urban areas are drawn in each dtstrict propor workers share 7.42 per cant of the state. A maximum tionate to rural and urban workers respectively. The of 10.00 per cent literate workers of this category are recorded in Bhojpur district and the minimum of 5.79 educational levels are grouped into five categories as per cent in Saharsa. It is observed that the rural main shown in the legend of the map. The percentage of workers in this category are almost uniformly dis main workers in the respective educational categories tributed in the state. are worked out for the rural and urban areas separate ly. The half circles are proportionately divided and The rural main workers with graduate, post graduate hatched with different shade on the map. The number and technical degree or diploma equal to degree of rural and -urban main workers are written against the educational levels are too less (0.84 per cent) In the rural respective half circles. areas due to obvious reasons. -Among the districts, the highest and the lowest percentage sliare In this group Rural main workers - There are 18.50 mUllon main are noticed in Madhubanl (1.38) and Santhal Pargana workers in the rural areas of the state. The districts of (0.52) respectively. Santhal Pargana and Purnia have more than one million rural main workers each. In the remaining districts. the Urban main workers - There are 2.25 million urban number of rural main workers are proportionately low. main workers in Bihar during 1981 census with different It is the lowest in Aurangabad (0.32 million) district. educational levels. Among the districts, it Is the highest in Dhanbad (307 441) followed by Patna (288 578), The majority of workers in rural areas are illiterate. A Singhbhum (232804), Ranchi (167569), Munger minimum of 58.26 per cent illiterate workers are (111 930) etc. Dhanbad is the only district In the state recorded in the district of Bhojpurwhile in all the remain where the number of main workers in urban areas are ing districts, it is higher than this and varies up to 78.52 more than the rural areas. per cent in Pashchim Champaran. The districts of the north Bihar plain and four southern most districts have 'Illiterate' urban main workers constitute 35.24 per shown higher percentage of illiterate workers in com cent of the total urban main workers in Bihar. The parison to other districts. proportion of these workers is relatively higher In the districts of north Bihar plain. More than half of the The rural main workers with primary and middle workers in the urban areas of Saharsa district (53.35%) educational levels constitute 13.78 per cent of the total are illiterate. Other worthmentioning districts are rural main workers in the state. Seventeen districts Vaishali (47.46%), Purnia (47.03%). Pashchlm Cham present higher proportion than the state average. The paran (44.76%), Sitamarhl (44.46%). Gopalganj (44.44%) and Madhubani (44.34%). The lowest per highest percentage of workers is recorded in Dhanbad centage of workers In this group is recorded In Muzaf (19.85) district and the lowest in Pashchim Champaran farpur (28.03%)dlstrlct (9.93) district. The proportion of urban main workers possessing The percentage of rural main workers with matric, educational qualification of matric. higher secondary, higher secondary. intermediate and technical and non intermediate. pre-university. non-technical diploma or technical diploma or certificate below degree level to certificate below degree levels is 24.74 per cent In Bihar. total main workers in rural areas are considerably low Singhbhum district has recorded a maximum of 32.62 (7.43) in the state. It is the maximum in Patna (14.12%) per cent urban main workers under this educational while the minimum is recorded as 4.47 per cent in Pur level while Valshali (16.94) has recorded the minimum. nia district. The districts situated in the north Bihar plain Contd. on page No. 104 102 MAP 48 .A" BIHAR MAIN WORKERS WITH EDUCATIONAL LEVELS 1981 o ~.~ } 81767 1',,/ ....i ) _, In .~-- " f ...... KATIHAR i l621y' ..... ·) (' _', ' ...... '" .) \ \., i. I ....·A ~ 63911 I (;;.J MAIN WORKERS ( --'1200 000 j --- 900000 ./ --- 600 OOQ --- lOO OOQ 'lAO 81 H A R URBAN 2151626 P PATNA (NOT TO SCALE) S SAHASTIPUA EDUCATIONAL LEVELS LITERATES WITHOUT PRIMARY AND MIDDLE s S P EDUCATIONAL LEVEL BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL MATRIC. H, S" INTERMEDIATE AND 14° EAST OF GREEp.,IWICH 88" 103 Map 49 CULTIVATORS 1981 The proportion of workers engaged in cultivation to eight districts. This range also includes the state the total main workers in age group 15-59 has been average. These districts are located in a sporadic man depicted in this map. The percentage data of cultivators ner in the state map. Rohtas (42.70) and Saharsa are grouped into five ranges and districts in each range (40.07) districts possess the maximum and the mini are hatched accordingly, as shown in the legend of the mum percentage of cultivators In this category. map. The total number of cultivators has been shown by solid yellow colour bar in each district. The low proportion of cultivators to total main workers has been depicted in the range of 35.01-40.00 There are 35.99 million workers in age group 15-59 and 35.00 & below. Altogether twelve districts come in Bihar during 1981 census. Among these workers, under the above ranges. These districts are mainly lo 7.65 million (42.56 per cent) are cultivators. In the dis cated in the north central (7) and eastern ,(3) part of the tricts, Gopalganj (62.62), Siwan (60.32) and Ranchi state. Dhanbad and Pashchim Champaran have iso (60.21) have the highest percentage of cultivators. In lated position. In the entire state, Dhanbad (16.98) has other words, every three of the five workers in age group the lowest percentage preceded by Patna (26. 96} , 15-59 in these districts are cultivators. Santhal Pargana Begusarai (31.73), Katihar (33.31), Purnia (35.77), Pash (59.61), Glr-Idlh (54.99) and Saran (51.76) have also sig chlm Champa ran (35.80), Darbhanga (36.13), Bhagal nificantly higher percentage of cultivators. Above dis pur (37.51), Sitamarhl (38.23). Muzaffarpur (38.53), tricts have been grouped into the highest range of 50.01 Nalanda (39.09) and Samastipur (39.27). The local fac & above. tors mainly affect the low ratio of cultivators. The next higher percentag.e range of 45.01-50.00 cul The total number of cultivators vary among the dis tivators covers five districts only. Except Vaishali, tricts. Santhal Pargana (646 648), Ranchl (550 207), others are located In a continuous zone in southern part Purnia (369 274), Gaya (351 999), Munger (343 986), of the state. Nawada, with 48.74 per cent and Auran Saharsa (343 509), Singhbhum (338617) districts have gabad, with 45.16 per cent, depict the highest and the more than three lakh cultivators. On the other side, lowest share of cultivators in this range. Dhanbad (9594O), Begusarai (111 923), Katihar (135367), Aurangabad (135123), etc. stand in low The percentage of cultivators to total main worker.s order in respect of the number of cultivators. in age group 15-59 in the range of 40.01-45.00 covers Contd. from page No. 102 (11.49), Gopalganj (11.35), Sitamarhi (11.32) and Gaya (11.21 ). Urban main workers with primary and middle educa tional levels share 21.25 per cent in the state's total There are 211 339 main workers In urban areas in the urban main workers. Its proportion varies between state possessing graduate, post graduate and techni 15.56 per cent in Saharsa district and 24.98 per cent in cal degree or diploma equal to degree. These workers Santhal Pargana. share 9.38 per cent of the total urban main workers. There is large variation in these workers among the dis 'Literates without educational levels' in the urban tricts. The highest percentage in workers with above main workers of the state constitute 9.39 per cent. The educational levels is recorded in Muzaffarpur. district percentage share Is' the maximum iO Aurangabad (18.23) whereas the lowest Is observed In Valshali (14.97) district, followed by Nalanda (13.56), Siwan (4.55). (12.62), Rohtas (12.38), Nawada (11.68), Vaishali 104 MAP 49 .... ss· BIHAR CULTIVATORS 1981 Q L o 26 _, CI SCALE Of 8AIIS 7 o 6 g ~ 5 Z ;;;II: " o ~ 3 > ~2 ::J VI w PERCENTAGE OF CULTIVATORS TO TOTAL MAIN WORKERS m IN AGE- GROUP IS - 59 50 . 01 ... ABOVE 45 . 01 - 50 . 00 40 . 01 - 45 . 00 o STATE AVERAGE 0 ----42 . 56 22 S S 35 . 01 - 40 . 00 BOUNDARV, INTERNATIONAL " STATE KILOMETRES " DISTRICT 35 . 00 ... BELOW 20 0 .... EAST OF GRE!NWICIl 105 Map 50 CULTIVATORS IN RURAL POPULATION 1981 This map shows the percentage of cultivators in rural district to 16.19 in Nawada district. The tt\ird range of population of the state during 1981 ce"sus. Districtwise 12.01-16.00 is comprised of sixteen districts viz., Slwan, percentage of cultivators in rural population has been Gaya, Saharsa, Munger, Aurangabad, Purba Cham calculated and grouped into four suitable ranges and paran, Nalanda, Saran, Rohtas, Purnia, Vaishali, hatched as per the percentage values from high to low Bhagalpur, Pashchim Champaran, Madhubani, Katihar by choropleth as shown in the legend of the map. and Muzaffarpur. The highest value of this range is 14.82 per cent in Siwan while 12.17 is the lowest in In the first range of 20.01 and above, there are two Muzaffarpur district. The state average of 14.50 per districts, viz., Ranchi and Santhal Pargana, having 26.28 cent also falls in this range. and 20.99 per cent otcultivators in rural population. In the fourth range of 12.00 and below, there are only The second range of 16.01-20.00 is comprised of six seven districts, viz., Sitamarhi, Patna, Samastipur, Bhoj districts, viz., Singhbhum, Giridih, Gopalganj, pur, Darbhanga, Begusarai and Dhanbad. The highest Hazaribag, Palamu and Nawada. The percentage value value of cultivators of the range varies between 11.86 for cultivators varies from 19.49 per cent in Singhbum per cent in Sitamarhi district to 9.73 in Dhanbad district. 106 MAP 50 66 BIHAR CULTIVATORS IN POPULATION RURAL 1981 0( w PERCENTAGE IN RURAL pOF CULTIVATORS OPULATION 20.01 "ABOVE , D _ 16.00 _ 20.00 s S BOUNDARY , INTERNATIONAL LJ 12.01- Jt STATE DISTRICT L___j~ 12.00 " BELOW a.4 EAST OF GREENWICH 86 107 Map 51 MALE AND FEMALE CULTIVATORS 1981 The map shows male and female cultivators age of male workers has been recorded In separately in each districts of the state as per 1981 cen Hazaribag(49.69) and Singhbhum (40.58) districts. sus. The percentage figures of male and female CUl tivators in age group 15-59 to total male and female The percentage of male cultivators to total main main workers in the same age group are worked out workers below the state average has been depicted by separately for each district. This data have been two categories i.e. 30.01-40.00 and 30.00 and below. grouped into five suitable ranges as shown in the legend Six districts constitute the above ranges. In Dhanbad of he map. Male cultivators are depicted by different district, the percentage of male cultivators is the lowest colour shades, whereas black hatching has been used (16.99) in the state. Other districts falling under these in case of female cultivators. The absolute number of ranges are Patna (29.84%), Begusarai (34.58%), Katihar male and female cultivators are plotted by propor (38.06%), Darbhanga (38.69%) and Sitamarhi (39.28%). tionate bars respectively. Female cultivators constitute only 25.33 per cent of The total number of male and female cultivators in the total main workers in the state. A large chunk of age group 15-59 in the state is recorded as 6.97 and area (7 districts) in Chotanagpur plateau possess 0.68 million respectively in 1981 census. There is a higher percentage offemale cultivators. There are eight large variation among the districts in total male and districts where the percentage of female cultivators is female cultivators. The number of females are less than high and are covered in the ranges of 34.01 & above the males due to socio-economic structure of the and 26.01 - 34.00. Siwan district is situated in the north society. The number of male cultivators is high in San Bihar plain and is away from the above belt. This belt thai Pargana (5.54 lakh) district followed by Ranchi covers the district of Ranchi (60.79%), Giridih (50.73%), (4.22 lakh), Purnia (3.54 lakh), Munger (3.18 lakh), Santhal Pargana (48.22%), Hazaribag (41.95%), Saharsa (3.15 lakh) , Gaya (3.07 lakh) etc. Dhanbad Singhbhum (38.66%), Nawada (28.01%) and Palamu (0.88 lakh), a mining area, has the lowest number of (27.73%). Due to physiographic factors, the cultivators male cultivators in the state. The number of female cul have to put hard work in the agricultural activities in tivators is also high in the male dominant areas. Ranchi Chotanagpur plateau. Thus, female participation in (1.27 lakh), Santhal Pargana (0.92 lakh), Singhbhum agricultural persuits becomes essential which has (0.67Iakh), Gaya (O.44lakh) etc. are few districts where raised the percentage of female cultivators in this participation of females in cultivation is worthrnention region. ing. The third range of 18.01 - 26.00 per cent of female .... The percentage of cultivators to total main workers cultivatorsto total main workers is comprised of six dis 0" Is 45.59 in Bihar during 1981 census. There are four tricts. These districts are Gopalganj (25.83%), Gaya teen districts where the percentage of male cultivators (24.88%), Aurangabad (21.27%), Saran (21.05%), is above the state average. In these districts, Gopalganj Nalanda (18.37%) and Munger (18.22%) in descending (66.59), Siwan (64.25), Santhal Pargana (62.05) and order. Ranchi (60.03) fall in the highest category of 60.01 and above per cent of male cultivators. The next higher The largest number of districts (14) are recorded in range of 50.01-60.00 comprises five districts, located the range of 10.01 -18.00 per cent of female cultivators. nearby the above districts. These districts are located in a compact belt mainly in north Bihar plain. Dhanbad is away from this tract. The The male cultivators in the range of 40.01-50.00 per highest and the lowest percentage of female cultivators cent are spread over in sixteen districts. The state is shared by Vaishali (17.42%) and Begusarai (10.39%) average (45.59) also falls in this range. Among the dis districts respectively.. The percentage of female cul tricts of this range, the highest and the lowest percent- tivators is insignificant in the districts of Pumia (8.77), . / Katihar (8.19) and Patna (6.76). 108 Map 51 MALE AND FEMALE CULTIVATORS 1981 The map shows male and female cultivators age of male workers has been recorded In separately in each districts of the state as per 1981 cen Hazaribag(49.69) and Singhbhum (40.58) districts. sus. The percentage figures of male and female cul tivators in age group 15-59 to total male and female The percentage of male cultivators to total main main workers in the same age group are worked out workers below the state average has been depicted by separately for each district. This data have been two categories i.e. 30.01-40.00 and 30.00 and below. grouped into five suitable ranges as shown in the legend Six districts constitute the above ranges. In Dhanbad of he map. Male cultivators are depicted by diflerent district, the percentage of male cultivators is the lowest colour shades, whereas black hatching has been used (16.99) in the state. Other districts falling under these in case of female cultivators. The absolute number of ranges are Patna (29.84%), Begusarai (34.58%), Katihar male and female cultivators are plotted by propor (38.06%), Darbhanga (38.69%) and Sitamarhi (39.28%). tionate bars respectively. Female cultivators constitute only 25.33 per cent of The total number of male and female cUtivators in the total main workers in the slate. A large chunk of age group 15-59 in the state is recorded as 6.97 and area (7 districts) in Chotanagpa. plateau possess 0.68 million respectively in 1981 census. There is a higher percentage of female cultivators. There are eight large variation among the districts in total male and districts where the percenIage d female cultivators is female cultivators. The number of females are less than high and are covered In the nmges of 34.01 & above the males due to socia-economic structure of the and 26.01 - 34.00. Siwan district is situated In the north society. The number of male cultivators is high in San Bihar plain and is away from the above belt. thIS belt thai Pargana (5.54 lakh) district followed by Ranchi covers the district of Ranchi (60.79%), Giridih (50.73%), (4.22 lakh), Purnia (3.54 lakh) , Munger (3.18 lakh), Santhal Pargana (48.22%), Hazaribag (41.95%), Saharsa '(3.15 lakh), Gaya (3.07 lakh) etc. Dhanbad Singhbhum (38.66%), Nawada (28.01%) and Palamu (0.88 lakh). a mining area, has the lowest number of (27.73%). Due to physiographic factors, the cultivators male cultivators In the state. The number of female cul have to put hard work in the agricultural activities in tivators is also high In the male dominant areas. Ranchl Chotanagpur plateau. Thus, female ~ In (1.27 lakh), Santhal Pargana (0.92 lakh), Singhbhum agricultural persuits becomes essential which has (0.67 lakh) , Gaya (O.44lakh) etc. are few districts where raised the percentage of female cultivators in this participation of females In cultivation is worthmentlon region. ing. The third range of 18.01 - 26.00 per cent of female .••, ~ Th~tpercentage of cultivators to total main workers cultivators.tQ total main wod 108 MAP 51 ..0 BIHAR MALE AND FEMALE CULTIVATORS 1981 p A o L _, SCALE OF BARS IN THE DISTRICTS o 8 ~ I ,...... C ..C z: .....z: w PERCENTAGE OF CULTIVATORS IN AGE-GROUP 15-59 TO TOTAL MAIN WORKERS MALE FEMALE ~I"ABDVE II1II 3+01" ABOVE o 50-01 - 60«1 mE 26-01 - 34«1 o r=J 40-01 - 50«1 ~ IHI - 26«1 l4HIl - 40«1 IC)oOI - 18«1 BOUNDARY, INTEDlATIONAl. S S c=J OIIIJ " STATE c:=::J :1000 & BELOW ~ 10-00" BELOW ItILOHfTIIES " DISTRICT 20 0 J EAST OF _NWICH ..' 109 Map 52 AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS IN TOTAL AGRICULTURAL WORKERS 1981 This map shows the percentage of agricultural and contains four districts which are scattered. Auran labourers to total agricultural workers of the state as per gabad (43.71) retains the maximum percentage of the 1981 census. Districtwise percentage of agricul labourers in this range followed by Palamu (43.15), tural labourers to total agricultural workers has been Nawada (42.30) and Vaishali (41.02) respectively. The calculated and grouped into five suitable ranges and are state average of 44.90 per cent falls in this category. hatched by choropleth technique according to high to low percentage value. The solid vertical colour bar in There are seven districts, comprising Singhbhum, each district is representing the total number of agricul Saran, Dhanbad, Gopalganj, Slwan, Santhal Pargana turallabourers. and Hazaribag, recorded in the fourth category of 25.01 - 35.00 per cent of agricultural labourers. The highest The highest percentage range of 55.01 & above percentage value in this category is 34.54 per cent In agricultural labourers in total agricultural workers Singhbhum district while 25.65 per cent is the lowest in covers five districts; viz., Katihar, Begusarai, Pashchim Hazaribag district. Champaran, Purnia and Sitamarhi in the state. Among these districts, Katihar with 59.22 per cent, is at the top Only the districts of Giriclih and Ranchi having 20.58 while Sitamarhi (55.27) is at the bottom position. and 18.79 per cent respectively of agricultural labourers, constitute the fifth category of 25.00 and There are thirteen districts in the percentage range below in the state. of 45.01 - 55.00. These districts form a contiguous zone in Bihar plain. The proportion of labourers in these dis The percentage of agricultural labourers in total tricts varies from 54.53 per cent in Darbhanga district to agricultural workers in 1981 is the highest in Katihar 45.86 per cent in Rohtas district. (59.22) and the lowest in Ranchl (18.79) district respec- ... tively. Similarly, the maximum and the minimum num The third category in the map depicts the percent ber of agricultural labourers is 632 552 in Purnia and age of agricultural labourers in the range of 35.01 - 45.00 45 414 in Dhanbad districts In the state. 110 MAP 52 88" BIHAR AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS IN TOTAL AGRICULTURAL WORKERS 1981 () _, SCALE OF BARS ~ IN THE DIST RI CT o g 6 P z :; 5 ~ ~ .. ~ 3 ..J ~ 5 2 ::> u ~ I ~ ::>~ 16 ~ 12 ~ "1 ::>~ ~ ::> u :J «"' < < " z 5 Cl :r Z < ~ ;::'" :J: ".,. '"at. W < o 0 1ft DIVISIONS en PERCENTAGE OF AGRICULTURAL :r LABOURERS TO TOTAL AGRICULTURAL WORKERS _ 55.01 • ABOVE o _ 45.01 55. 00 STATE AVERAGE 22· ~ ----- 44090 A ~ 35.01 45.00 BOUNDARY . INTERN ATIONAL S 5 STATE ~ 15 . 01 15·00 DISTRI CT KILOMETRES 20 0 m 25.00 & BE LOW I .e lAST OF GREENWICH II· 111 Map 53 NON-AGRICULTURAL WORKERS IN PRIMARY SECTOR 1981 The map depicts the percentage of non-agricultural The largest number of districts (16) in the state depict workers to total workers engaged in primary sector in percentage of workers in non-agricultural activities In each district as per 1981 census in the state. The data primary sector in the range of 1.00 and below. These is calculated for each district and arranged into four districts are located in the Bihar Plain. Gopalganj (0.26) suitable ranges from high to low. Districts falling in each district has the lowest percentage ofworkers in the state range are hatched with colour according to their values. preceded by Siwan (0.53), Purba Champaran and Mad Further, total non-agricultural workers in each district hubani (0.55 each) Saran (0.58). Pashchim Charnparan are shown by proportionate circle with the sectors of 0) (0.61) and Bhojpur (0.70). In general. the diStricts livestOCk, forestry, fishing, hunting and plantation, and situated in the Chotanagpur plateau. have higher (Li) mining and quarrying. proportion of workers in this activity whereas it is lower in northern plain. The obvious reason is the avaDability There are 16.91 million main workers engaged In of mineral resources in plateau region. primary sector in the state In 1981 census. Out of these main workers, 0.50 million are enumerated in non The total number of workers in non-agricultural agricultural sector which constitute 2.gg per cent only. primary sector vary within the districts. The absolute Among the districts, Dhanbad (53.50) retains excep number of workers is high in the districts situated in the tionally very high percentage of workers in non-agricul southern part of the state while low in the northern dis tural activities in the state. Other districts in the highest tricts. In the districts of Dhanbad (177141), Hazaribag range of 3.01 & above are Hazaribag (13.70%), Girldih (66 895), Girldlh (43 741), Singhbhum (36652). Santhal (11.41 %) and Singhbhum (5.89%). These districts are Pargana (23 105) and Ranchi (20 701). the number of located in the mining belt of the state. non-agricultural workers in primary sector is high. Con trary to this Gopalganj (795), Siwan (1 838), Saran The next range of 2.01 - 3.00 per cent non-agricul (2296), Nawada (2757), Begusarai (2 828) have very tural workers in primary sector is confined to four dis low proportion of workers in non-agricultural activities. tricts only. Except Patna, remaining three districts are located around the highest category area. Ranchi has The workers engaged in livestOCk. forestry. fishing •. 2.52 per cent of workers in the above group followed by hunting and plantation are in higher proportion among Santhal Pargana (2.28), Palamu (2.16) and Patna (2.04) the districts situated in the plain. The number of such respectively. workers decreases in the plateau region. In Katihar dis trict, gg.5 per cent workers are enumerated in the above The percentage of non-agricultural workers to fotal activities followed by the districts of Pumia (gg.3) , workers in primary sector in the range of 1.01 - 2.00 is Saharsa (98.5), Sitamarhi (97.1), Vaishali (96.8).Muzaf spread over in seven districts. A contiguous tract offour farpur (96.5), Purba Champaran (96.1). Dhanbad (97.4) districts (Saharsa, Purnia, Katihar, Munger) is located district retains the highest percentage ofworkers in min in the north-eastern part of the state whereas Rohtas ing and quarrying activities followed by Giridih (95.0). and Aurangabad form an other patch. Vaishali is lo Hazaribag (91.5) and Singhbhum (66.2). cated separately. Rohtas (1.57%) and Saharsa (1.14%) have the highest and the lowest non-agricultural workers respectively in this range. 112 MAP 53 86 88' BIHAR NON • AGRICULTURAL WORKERS IN PRIMARY SECTOR 1981 Q L .. lAO NON-AGRICUL TURAL WORKERS --150000 .. '1t .,. LIVESTOCK, FORESTRY, o FI SH ING, HUNTING AND .. PLANTATIONS ... PERCENTAGE OF NON-AGRICULTURAL WORKERS TO TOTAL WORKERS IN PRIMARY SECTOR flGUIIES AT TltE TOP OF THE a llelES • 3.0'. ABOVE INDiCATE TOTAL NON · AG~lCUlTUIlAl STATE AVERAGE WORKEIIS o ---1.99 I=== I2.01 _ 3.00 BOUNDARY. INnaNATlONAL S S ~ 1.01 - 1.00 .. STATE .. DISTlUCT KILOMETRES ... 10 40 [J]IIJ 1.0010 BELOW .; ~AST OF GaEINWlC;H '6 ..0 113 Map 54 MAIN WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING, PROCESSING, SERVICING AND REPAIRS 1981 The map shows the percentage of workers engaged The maximum number of districts (13) fall in the per in manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs to centage of industrial workers in the range of 4.51-6.50. total workers in 1981 census. The district -wise percent Except Giridih and i 114 MAP 54 ..; ..0 BIHAR MAIN WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING, PROCESSING, SERVICING AND REPAIRS 1981 Q A L ... 14° TOTAL INDUSTRIAL WORKERS ---110000 ., --- 60000 -0,. --- 15000 ,. III o PERCENTAGE OF INDUSTRIAL 1ft WORKERS III 8·51 a. A80VE _ 6-51 - 8·50 FIG UR ES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLE INDICATE TOTAL MAIN WORKERS ENGAGED STATE AVERAGE IN MANU FACTURING, PROCESSING SERVICING 0 '.50 ' ·37 AN D REPAIRS ' s S BOUNDARY , INTERNATIONAL - ' - • - 1-51 - 4-50 STATE " ~ " DISTRICTS HAVI NG FACTORY WORKE RS DISTRICT KILOMETRES AS FIVE PERCENT AND MORE ARE HO&8ELOW 40 10 40 SHOWN BY RED COLOUR [[ill] al EAST OF CREENWICI-I ..0 115 Map 55 MAIN WORKERS IN CONSTRUCTION, TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS 1981 The map shows the proportion of main workers the highest and the lowest remain in Ranchi (2.9) and engaged in construction, transport, storage and com Bhagalpur (2.2) respectively. munication to the total main workers In each district of the state in 1981 census. The cartographic technique There are twelve districts below the state average adopted in drawing of this map Is according to map category. These districts are represented in the range number 54 of 1.1-2.0 (11) and 1.0 & below (1) In the state. Majority of the above districts are loeated In north Bihar plain (9). Out of 20.75 million main workers in the state during Nalanda, Nawada and Santhal Pargana are the remain 1981, 0.55 million (2.7 per cent) are engaged in con ing districts, situated in south Bihar plain. Madhubani struction, transport, storage and communications. (1.0) district retains the lowest percentage of main There are ten districts above, three equal and eighteen workers in these activities in the state preceded by below the state average. Gopalganj and Nawada (1.1 each), Purba Champaran & Sitamarhi (1.2 each), Purnia (1.3), Saharsa (1.4), The percentage of main workers in construction Pashchim Champaran (1.6), Siwan (1.7), Nalanda & transport, storage and communication Is the highest In Santhal Pargana (1.9 ~ch) and Vaishali (2.0). Dhanbad (8.5) followed by Patna (6.8) and Singhbhum (5.2). The above three districts fall in the first range of Patna (57115) district possesses the highest number 4.1 & above. The percentage varies between 3.1 to 4.0 of workers engaged in construction, transport, storage in the districts of Hazaribag (3.9), Giridih (3.6), nd communications followed by Dhanbad (50 392), Begusarai (3.5). While in the percentage range of Singhbhum (48693), Ranchi (30 318), Munger (24 547), 2.1-3.0 covers thirteen districts. This is the highest tally Hazaribag (24 164), Santhal Pargana (23 927) etc. in all the ranges. This range also covers state average whereas the lowest number of workers is recorded in figure (2.7%). Although there is variation in the Gopalganj (3 842) district in the state. percentage share among the districts in this range but 116 MAP 55 88 BIHAR MAIN WORKERS IN CONSTRUCTIONS, TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICAT IONS 1981 L " 14' TOTAL MAIN WORKERS --- 58000 . I? ---1J000 .. --- 4000 :II,. o PERCENTAGE OF MAIN WORKERS ENGAGED IN CONST RUCTJ ONS , TRANSPOIlT, STORAGE AND "' COMMUNICATI ONS TO TOTAL MAIN WORKERS '" 4 . 1 " ABOVE FI GURE S AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLE _3.1- 4 . 0 INDICATE TOTAL MAIN WORKER S ENGAGED STATE AVERAGE IN CONSTRU CTION>. TRANSPORT, STORAGE 0 --- - - 1 .7 ll' 2 .1 - 3. 0 AND COMMUNICATIONS ~ 21' S 5 A. BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL _. - • - 1.1 _ 2 . 0 STATE _ . _ . _ . - ~ DISTRICT _._.-. _.- KILOMETRES 40 20 40 ITlIIJJ 1.0 " BELO W 84' EAST OF GREENWICH 117 Map 56 MAIN WORKERS IN TRADE AND COMMERCE 1981 The map shows the proportion of main workers The percentage of main workers in the range of engaged in trade and commerce to the total workers in 3.1-4.0 covers eleven districts. Among these districts, each district of the state In 1981 census. the car Siwan, Samastipur and Aurangabad (4.0% each) retain tographic technique adopted in this map is as per map the highest percentage of workers. The lowest share is number 55. observed in Pashchim Champaran (3.1 %) district. Out of 20.75 million main workers In the state, 0.85 The lowest percentage range of 3.0 & below is limited mUlion {4.1 per cent} are engaged In trade and com to six districts only. Except Palamu and Gopalganj, merce. There are thirteen districts where the proportion remaining are situated In a contiguous belt in northern Is above the state average. It is the highest In Patna part of the state along Indo-Nepal border. Gopalganj {9.4%} district in the state followed by Dhanbad {7.9%} (2.2) district has the lowest percentage of workers in and BhoJpur (5.9%). The above districts fall In the first trade and commerce In the state preceded by Mad range of 5.1 & above. The next percentage range of hubani (2.3), Saharsa (2.5), Palamu & Purba Cham 4.1-5.0 is recorded into eleven districts. These districts paran (2.7 each) and Sitamarhl (2.9) respectively. As are scattered In the state. Singhbhum (5.0%) and regards total main workers in trade and commerce, Katihar (4.1 %) retain the highest and the lowest share Patna (78 728) is at the top while Gopalganj (7 658) of workers In trade and commerce activity. stands at the lowest position in the state. 118 HAP S6 ..; 88° BIHAR MAIN WORKERS IN TRADE AND COMMERCE 1981 o A L TOTAL MAIN WORKERS .. ".,. IU o PERCENTAGE OF MAIN WORKERS m ENGAGED IN TRADE AND COMMERCE TO TOTAL MAIN WORKERS 1981 _ 5·1 . ABOVE ----STATE AVERAGE4. 1 _4.1 5.0 o ~ ].1 400 n° $ BOUND""Y, ItlTEIIH"TION"L _ . _ . - S STATE ' _ . - . _ . - [[I]JJJ 300 • BELOW DISTRICT KILOMETRES " ... 20 40 FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES INDICATE TOTAL MAIN WORKERS ENGAGED IN TRADE AND COMMERCE M fAST OF GftflNWICH 88° 119 Map 57 MAIN WORKERS IN SERVICES 1981 The map shows the percentage of main workers In services. The state average (5.35%) also falls In this other services to to~1 main workers In the districts range. These districts are located In the central part of during 1981 census. The percentage data Is calculated the state. Among the districts of this range, the percent for each district and arranged Into five suitable ranges . age variation In workers Is very low. Darbhanga (5.27) from high to low order as shown in the legend of the district has the highest percentage of workers In ser map. vices whereas the lowest Is noted In Rohtas (4.52) dis trict. There are 1.11 million workers engaged in 'servlces' in Bihar during 1981 census which constitute 5.35 per The percentage range of 3.51 - 4.50 of workers in cent of the total main workers. Among. the districts, other services to total main workers covers eight dis Patna (13.75%) depicts the highest percentage of tricts in the state. Except Nawada and Palamu, the workers in the state. This district corresponds to the remaining districts are located In the north Bihar plain. highest range of 6.51 and above. Other districts failing Samastipur (4.47%) and .Saharsa (3.51%) retain the In this range are Dhanbad (10.35%), Ranchl (7.15%), maximum and minimum share of workers In services in Hazaribag (7.17%), Singhbhum (6.87%) and Bhojpur this category. (6.59%). The lowest percentage range of 3.50 &below of main The next percentage range of 5.51 - 6.50 of workers workers in other services to total main workers is con in services Is limited to three districts. These districts fined to four districts only. Pashchlm Champaran (3.05) are Muzaffarpur (6.39%), Bhagalpur (5.87%), and possesses the lowest percentage of workers in the state Giridih (5.59%). ' preceded by Gopalganj (3.26), Sitamarhi (3.37) and Purnia (3.40). It is observed that the districts, located The maximum number of districts (10) in the map are in plateau region have higher proportion of workers In the range of 4.51 - 5.50 per cent of workers in other which decreases significantly towards the plains. 120 MAP 57 BIHAR MAIN WORKERS IN SERVICES 1981 L _, 14' III PERCENTAGE OF MAIN WORKERS IN OTHER SERVICES TO TOTAL MAIN WORKERS • 6051 " ABOVE _ 5.S - 6.50 " STATE AVERAGE o - $.so 5.lS 21' s S BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL ~].51 - 4.50 " STATE DISTRICT kiLOMETRES 20 40 ITIIIIJ ].50 & BELOW 84° EAST OF CREENWIC:H 88' 121 MapS8 MALE AND FEMALE MARGINAL WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES 1981 This map shows the distribution of male and female There are thirteen districts under the percentage marginal workers In primary, secondary and tertiary ac range of 1.01 -1.50 (9) and 1.00 & below (4) In the state. tivities In the districts during 1981 census. The percent Except Patna, Nalanda and Rohtas, the remaining dis age of marginal workers to total population Is calculated tricts are located In the north Bihar plain. Sltamarhl for each district and arranged Into five suitable ranges. claims only 0.63 per cent marginal workers which is the Districts In each range are shaded by choropleth tech lowest In the state preceded by GopalganJ (0.81), Patna nique In colour from high to low. Further, circle Is drawn (0.93), Valshall (0.98), Purba Cham~ran (1.01), Saran in each district In proportion to total marginal workers (1.08), Begusaral (1.11) etc. The proportion of marginal and divided into primary, secondary and tertiary sec workers is higher in plateau area in the south and lower tors. The break up of male and female are shown by towards plain In the north. colour in primary sector only. It is not depicted in secondary and tertiary sectors because of cartographic The break up of marginal workers in primary, secon limitation. dary and tertiary sectors are proportionately shown In the respective circle in the districl. Primary sector is not There are 1 .86 million marginal workers in the state less than 84.56 per cent In any of the district and even in 1981 census which Is2.67 percent of the total popula reaches up to 96.42 per cent in Ranchl district. The per tion. Among the districts, only seven have higher per centage of marginal workers to total population In centage than the state average. These districts are secondary sector Is only 4.91 In the state during 1981 hatched under the range of 6.01 & above and 3.01 to census. Among the districts, the maximum and the 6.00. Except Saharsa (3.80%), the remaining districts minimum percentage Is observed In Munger (10.96%) are located In a compact belt In Chotanagpur plateau. and Saharsa (2.23%) respectively. Similarfy, the mar Santhal Pargana (7.67) has returned the highest per ginal workers In tertiary sector are also Insignificant in centage In marginal workers In the state followed by the state (2.34%) as well as in the districts. It varies from Ranchl (7.24), Singhbhum (6.52), Glrldlh (6.42), 7.78 per cent in Patna district to as low as 1.12 per cent Hazarlbag (5.46) and Palamu (5.35). The tribal belt in In Ranchl district. the state coincides with the above higher percentage districts. Females outnumber males In primary activities among the marginal workers In all the districts. The The percentage of marginal workers to total popula-· proportion of females to total marginal workers in tlon In the range of 1.51 - 3.00 is spread over eleven dis primary sector is more than sixty per cent In majority of tricts. These districts are situated mainly adjoining to the districts and reaches up to 88.36 per cent In Ranchl higher category districts. Pashchim Champaran, district. Saran (37.31), Siwan (34.53), Valshall (32.28), Muzaffarpur and Madhubani are isolated from the Dhanbad (28.95) and Gopalganj (26.92) districts have above belt. Aurangabad (2.42) and Katihar (1.53) retain higher percentage of male marginal workers in primary maximum and minimum percentage of marginal sector in the state. workers respectively. 122 MAP 58 .,; ... BIHAR MALE AND FEMALE MARGINAL WORKERS CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES 1981 o A L u· _, MARGINAL WORKERS - -300000 .,. .. l'.,. o III SECONDART PERCENTAGE OF MARGINAL 1ft WORkERS To TOTAL POPULATION III 6.01 II AIOVE ] .01 - 6.00 PERCENTAGE SHME OF MALES AND FEMALES STATE AVEIlACiE HAS NOT BEEN SHOWN IN SECONDARY AND 1.-51--]-.00--2•67 TERTIARY SECTORS 0 rl IOUND4IT. INTERNATIONAL S 5 1.01 - 1.50 STATE DISTRICT KILOMETllS 21 1.0011 IELOW " lAST OF GIIIINWICH .( ... 123 SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS Map 59 SCHEDULED CASTES 1981 The map shows the proportion of scheduled castes tipur & Munger (12 each), Saharsa (11), Vaishali (9) and population to the total population in each C. D. Block of Patna (8). Among these C. £r. Blocks, Chainpur the state in 1981 census. The percentage of scheduled (19.79%) in Rohtas and Majhaulia (15.06%) in Pashchim castes to the total population has been calculated for Champaran depict the highest and the lowest propor each C. D. Block and grouped into six suitable tion of scheduled castes population. categories. The C. D. Blocks in each range are hatched from high to low order of valued. Further the total The maximum number (194) of C. D. Blocks in the scheduled castes population is divided into four popula state fall in the percentage range of 10.01 to 15.00. tion size and represented by proportionate red colOl:Jr Majority of the Blocks are situated In the north Bihar circle within the C. D. Block. plain. The entire C. D. Blocks in Saran district (15) comes under this category followed by Bhagalpur (14), The proportion of scheduled castes population to Purba Champaran (13), Madhubani (12). Santhal Par total population in the state is 14.51 per cent in 1981 gana&Giridih (11 each), Saharsa, Sitamarhl, Siwanand census. The percentage of scheduled castes popula Bhojpur (10 each). The variation in proportion of tion to total population in the range of 25.Q1 & above is scheduled castes population among the C. D. Blocks In spread over into forty five C. D. Blocks. These Blocks this range Is represented by Bihar with 14.93 per cent are mainly located in Gaya (15), Palamu (13), Nawada and Manihari with 10.06 per cent respectively. and Hazaribag (5 each) districts. The percentage of scheduled castes population reaches even up to 44.02 The range of 5.01 to 10.00 per cent scheduled cas in Pratappur C. D. Block of Hazaribag district which is tes population is observed in ninety C. D. Blocks. More the highest share in the state. than half of the above Blocks are concentrated in San thai Pargana (17). Ranchi (16) and Singhbhum (14) dis There are fifty eight C. D. Blocks in the percentage tricts. These districts again retain the highest number range of 20.01 to 25.00 of scheduled castes population. of C. D. Blocks in the lowest percentage category of These Blocks are located nearby the highest category 5.00 & below. Out offitty nine C. D. Blocks in this range, areas. Among the districts, Nalanda retains eight C. D. fifty four are located in the above districts, with a break Blocks followed by Aurangabad (6), Nawada, Rohtas, up of twenty four in Ranchi, eighteen in Singhbhum and Hazaribag & Palamu (5 each), Patna and Munger (4 twelve in Santhal Pargana respectively. Mandar each) etc. Among the C. D. Blocks in this range, Belan (1.01 %) C. D. Block in Ranchi district has the lowest per ganj in Gaya district possesses 24.99 per cent of centage of scheduled caste population in the entire scheduled castes population which is the highest share state. while the lowest percentage remains in Krityanandnagar (20.23) in Pumia district. There are sixty nine C. D. Blocks where the total scheduled castes population is more than 30 000 per The percentage range of 15.01 to 20.00 covers one sons in the state. In the remaining three size classes, hundred forty one C. D. Blocks in the state. These C. viz., 15001 - 30 000,5001 - 15 000 and 5 000 & below, D. Blocks are spread over in all the districts except the number of C. D. Blocks are two hundred fifty one. Nawada, Saran, Singhbhum and Ranchi. But the main one hundred eighty three and eighty four respectively. concentration remain in the districts of Rohtas, Samas- 126 HAP 59 88° BIHAR SCHEDULED CASTES 1981 o L SCHEDULED CASTES • 30001" ABOVE • 15001 - 30000 .,. • 5001 - 15000 • 5 000 " BELOW PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED CASTES TO TOTAL POPULATION 1981 _ 25.01" ABOVI! _ 20' 01 25·00 15' 01 20'00 STATE AVERAGE o ---14·51 r! 10·01 15'00 BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL S 5 10'00 STATE " DISTRICT KILOMETRES 40 20 40 5·00 " BELOW C· D. BLOCK u· EAST OF CREINWICH 88° 127 Map 60 SCHEDULED TRIBES 1981 The map shows the distribution of scheduled tribes district depict the highest and the lowest share of tribal in each C.D. Blocks of the state as per 1981 census. population of this range. The percentage of scheduled tribes to total population in each C.D. Blocks is calculated and arranged into six The scheduled tribes population in the range of 35.01 categories from high to low grades. Choropleth tech to 50.00 per cent cover thirty C.D. Blocks which are lo nique is used to represent the map. Further the total cated in neighbourhood of the high range area in the scheduled tribes population in each C.D. Blocks is districts of Singhbhum (10), Santhal Pargana (8), shown with the help of the proportionate circles of four Palamu (5) and Ranchi (3). size class. The tribal population in the remaining three ranges There are 5.81 million scheduled tribes population in of 20.01-35.00, 5.01-20.00 and 5.00 and below, cover the state as per 1981 census which constitute 8.31 per large part of the state. The number of C.D. Blocks in cent of the total populatiol1. The proportion of these ranges are nineteen, seventy four and two scheduled tribes population varies at C.D. Blocks level. hundred seventy three respectively. These Blocks are It is more than 65.01 per cent in fifty three C.D. Blocks. spread over in north of the high concentration tract. This percentage reaches even upto 90.98 in Bishnupur The share of tribal population decreases towards the C.D. Block in Ranchi district. The highest percentage northern districts. There are two hundred sixteen C.D. of tribal population remains in the C.D. Blocks of Blocks where the population is below one per cent. Be Ranchi(26), Singhbum (13), Sa nt hal Pargana (12) and sides, large number of C.D. Blocks (117) have either nil Palamu (2) districts. Except the district of Santhal Par or negligible tribal population. gana, the remaining areas form a compact belt in the state. The percentage of scheduled tribes population There are sixty two C.D. Blocks with 35 001 and to total population in the range of 50.01-65.00 covers above tribal population in the state and these are twenty one C.D. Blocks. These C.D. Blocks are located situated in Ranchi (23), Singhbhum (18), Santhal in the close vicinity of the highest category area and Pargana (17),Dhanbad (2), Palamu (1) and Hazaribag confine only in the districts of Ranchi (10), Singhbhum (1) districts. The scheduled tribes in the size of 20001 (6), Santhal Pargana (4) and Palamu (1). Palkot - 35 000, 5 001 - 20000 and 5000 & below are distributed (64.96%) and Bundu (52.43%) C.D. Blocks of Ranchi as sixty three, seventy three and three hundred thirty four C.D. Blocks respectively. 128 MAP 60 I. ... BIHAR SCHEDULED TRIBES 1981 p o L -. _, (Cr. ~ SCHEDULED TRIBES 14· 35001 A AIOVE • 20001 _ 35000 •• 5001 _ 10000 • 5000. IELOW PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED TRIBES ".,. TO TOTAL POPULATION III o 65.01 8. AIOVE m - 50.01 _ 65.00 I- I )S.01 _ 50.00 ~ 10.01 _ 35.00 o STATE AV ERAGE illIIIIIJ 5.01 _ 10.00 B.31 ~ BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _ ' _'- s s 5.00 A.£LOW STATE _ . _ . _ . _ E2J DISTRICT _._. _ . _ . _ KILOMETOES 4CI 20 40 C· D. BLOCK D Nil/NEGLIGIBLE 8a· 129 Map 60 SCHEDULED TRIBES 1981 The map shows the distribution of scheduled tribes district depict the highest and the lowest share of tribal in each C.D. Blocks of the state as per 1981 census. population of this range. The percentage of scheduled tribes to total population in each C.D. Blocks is calculated and arranged into six The scheduled tribes population in the range of 35.01 categories from high to low grades. Choropleth tech to 50.00 per cent cover thirty C.D. Blocks which are lo nique is used to represent the map. Further the total cated in neighbourhood of the high range area in the scheduled tribes population in each C.D. Blocks is districts of Singhbhum (10), Santhal Pargana (8), shown with the help of the proportionate circles of four Palamu (5) and Ranchi (3). size class. The tr:ibal population in the remaining three ranges There are 5.81 million scheduled tribes population in of 20.01-35.00, 5.01-20.00 and 5.00 and below, cover the state as per 1981 census which constitute 8.31 per large part of the state. The number of C.D. Blocks in cent of the total populatiol1. The proportion of these ranges are nineteen, seventy four and two scheduled tribes population varies at C.D. Blocks level. hundred seventy three -respectively. These Blocks are It is more than 65.01 per cent in fifty three C.D. Blocks. spread over in north of the high concentration tract. This percentage reaches even upto 90.98 In Blshnupur The share of tribal population decreases towards the C.D. Block in Ranchi district. The highest percentage northern districts. There are two hundred sixteen C.D. of tribal population remains in the C.D. Blocks of Blocks where the population is below one per cent. Be Ranchi(26), Singh bum (13), Santhal Pargana (12) and sides, large number of C. D. Blocks (117) have either nil Palamu (2) districts. Except the district of Santhal Par or negligible tribal population. gana, the remaining areas form a compact belt in the state. The percentage of scheduled tribes population There are sixty two C.D. Blocks with 35 001 and to total population in the range of 50.01-65.00 covers above tribal population in the state and these are twenty one C.D. Blocks. These C.D. Blocks are located situated in Ranchi (23), Singhbhum (18), Santhal in the close vicinity of the highest category area and Pargana (.17),Dhanbad (2), Palamu t1) and Hazaribag confine only in the districts of Ranchi (10), Singhbhum (1) districts. The scheduled tribes in the size of 20001 (6), Santhal Pargana (4) and P.alamu (1). Palkot -35 000, 5001 -20000 and 5 000 & below are distributed (64.96%) and Bundu (52.43%) C.D. Blocks of Ranchi as sixty three, seventy three and three hundred thirty four C.D. Blocks respectively. 128 HAP 60 ..0 BIHAR SCHEDULED TRIBES 1981 Q L ~ . 14° ~ SCHEDULED TRIBES 1. ]5001 • ABOVE • 10001 - ]5000 •• 5001 - 10000 • 5000. BELOW '" PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED TRIBES "P.,. TO TOTAL POPULATION w o 65.01 a. ABOVE III - 50.01 - 65.00 I- I l5.01 - 50.00 ~ 20.01 - 35.00 o STATE AVERACE 8.]1 5.01 - 10.00 BOUNDAIIY. INTEIINATIONAL _. - • - s S . 5.00. BELOW STATE _._ . _._ -E2J DISTRICT KILOMEnES ~ 10 C· O. ILOCK D NIL/NECLIGIBLE 88' 129 Map 61 MAIN WORKERS, MARGINAL WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS IN SCHEDULED CASTES 1981 The map shown the percentage of main workers, Marginal workers - Females (2.55 lakh) outnum marginal workers and non-workers in total scheduled ber males (0.50 lakh) in this category of workers in the castes population in each district during 1981. Circle is state and districts but in percentage share it is insig drawn in each district in proportion to total scheduled . nificant. The male marginal workers are more than one castes population. It is divided according to the per per cent only in the districts of Giridih (1.49), Singhbhum centage share of main, marginal and non-workers. The (1,4O), Hazaribag (1.23) and Santhal Pargana (1.07). break up of male and female workers in the respective Female's proportion in marginal workers in just reverse. category are also marked in the circle by colourlhatch It is less than one per cent only in the districts of Sitamar ing as per legend in the map. hi (0.96) and Saran (0.97) in the state. It is the highest in Ranchi district (6.40%). The districts in Chotanagpur Main workers - There are 3.69 million main workers plateau retain higher percentage of female marginal among scheduled castes in the state in 1981 census. workers than other areas. Out of these, 2.71 and 0.98 million are male and female respectively which constitute 26.72 and 9.71 per cent. Non-workers - In total scheduled castes popula There is not much variation in male main workers tion, 2.39 and 3.74 million male and female are non among the districts. Purnla (30.48) district depicts the workers in the state which.constitute 23.64 and 36.91 highest percentage of male main workers while the ~r cent respectively. In this category also, females are lowest is in Siwan (21.30). The data reveal that the dis more than males. The percentage of male non-workers tricts in north Bihar plain have relatively higher percent is the highest in Dhanbad (27.96) district. Nearly one age of male main workers in the state. Besides, there third share in scheduled caste population is occupied is a large scale variation also in percentage share of by female non-workers. This ratio is the highest in female main workers among the districts. Nawada Sitamarhi (44.85) and the lowest in Saharsa (29.70) dis (16.80) has the highest percentage share of female main trict. Generally the north -western districts depict workers which decreased to 2.75 in Sitamarhi district. higher proportion of female non-workers in comparison to other areas. 130 MAP 61 811' BIHAR MAIN WORKERS, MARGINAL WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS IN SCHEDULED CASTES 1981 Q III TOTAL POPULATION OF SCHEDULED CASTES --- ·900000 -500000 -100000 NON - WORKERS MAIN WORKERS FEMA ALE MARGINAL WORKERS BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL s 5 nATE _._._._ DlnRICT kiLOMETRES 40 ,. 40 FIGURES AT THE TOP OR AGAINST THE CIRCLE INDICATE TOTAL NUMBER OF SCHEDULED CASTES ..fI fAST OF GWNW1CH a' 131 Map 62 MAIN WORKERS, MARGINAL WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS IN SCHEDULED TRIBES 1981 The map shows the proportion of main workers, mar (26.37). Female main workers are not more than 13.99 ginal workers and non-workers among schedulPCI tribes per cent in any of the districts in the state. Giridih in the districts during 1981. The cartographic technique district depicts 5.06 per cent female main workers adopt~ in the drawing this map is according to map which is the lowest in the state. 61. The marginal workers are insignificant in number There are 5.81 million scheduled tribes population in among the districts. The highest and the lowest mar the state In 1981 census. Among these, 2.15, 0.51 and ginal workers are noticed in Ranchi (160 118) and 3.14 million are main, marginal and non-workers Katihar (2 548) districts respectively. In this category of respectively. Males outnumber females in main workers, females outnumber males in all the districts. workers category whereas in marginal and non workers, the position is just reverse. The similar trend Non-workers in scheduled tribes also respond to is observed in the districts also. other categories of population. In this category, nearly one third share (32.52%) is occupied by females. The The maximum number of main workers is in Ranchi highest percentage of female non-workers is observed (641 692) district followed by Santhal Pargana in Dhanbad (39.78) district whereas the lowest in San (520 027), Singhbhum (481 071), Palamu (130 293), thai Pargana (30.39). The share of male nO!1~workers Giridih (71 932), Hazaribag (64 288) and Dhanbad vary between 23.90 to 20.03 per cent. Santhal Pargana (62 100) respectively. Among these workers, male (23.90%) and Dhanbad (20.03%) districts depict the dominate female in all the districts. In the percentage reverse position in male non-workers. However, there share of male main workers, the variation among the is insignificant variation in proportion of male non districts is not very significant. It is the highest in workers in the districts. Santhal Pargana (29.10) and the lowest in Dhanbad 132 MAP 62 ,,' .,,' BIHAR MAIN WORKERS, MARGINAL WORKERS AND NON - WORKERS IN SCHEDULED TRIBES 1981 Q 26' ., TOTAL POPULATION OF SCHEDULED TRIBES 2011000 NON _ WORKERS _ MAIN WORKERS DIAGRAMS FOR DISTRICTS H"YING TOTAL POPULATION OF SCHEDULED TRIBES MARGINAL WORKERS lESS THAN 26000 "RE NOT SHOWN IN THE o MAP BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _. _. _ s S ~ATE _._._.- DI~RICT ICllOMETIES .. 11 40 ...0 lAST OF GIlEENWICH 133 Map 63 TEN NUMERICALLY MAJOR SCHEDULED CASTES 1981 The map shows the distribution pattern of ten Musahar ranks at third place in the total numerical numerically prominent scheduled castes in the state as strength and shares 14.42 per cent among the ten major per 1981 census. The first ten numerically major scheduled castes. They are settled mainly In Purnia scheduled castes at state level have been selected. (16.00%), Saharsa (14.55%), Munger (13.34%) and Separate symbol is assigned to each scheduled caste Katihar (3.08%) districts. However, few symbols of and each symbol represents 5 000 persons. The Musahar are also plotted in other districts which con respective symbol is plotted at C. D. Block level but the firm their habitation In such areas. castes having less than 2 500 persons could not be rep resented due to cartographic limitations. The remaining major scheduled castes are inhabited in certain specific areas. Bhuiyas (8.81 %) are con Bihar has 10.14 million scheduled castes population centrated in the districts of Gaya (35.77%), Palamu in 1981. Out of these, 9.63 million belong to ten numeri (20.09%) and Hazaribag (17.93%) whereas Dhobi cally major scheduled castes which is 94.98 per cent of (5.69%) may be seen in.Muzaffarpur (4.72%), Sitamar the total scheduled castes population. These castes hi (4.6B%) and Vaishali (3.12%) districts. Few Dhobis are mostly concentrated in the central and western dis may be seen in the other areas also. tricts in the state. The concentration of scheduled cas tes in the tribal belt is conspicuously absent. Pasis ('\..82%) are largely settled in Gaya (16.56%), Patna (12.90%), Nalanda (9.88%) and Nawada (8.33%) Chamar/Mochi constitutes 30.93 per cent of the total districts. Rajwar (2.47%) are in substantial proportion In major scheduled castes which is the highest proportion Dhanbad (17.62%) and Nawada (5.03%) districts. Dom among all the scheduled castes In the state. Although (2.07%), Harl {l.64%)and Bhogta (1.40%) are in the last Chamar/Mochi are settled in all the regions but their rank among the ten major scheduled castes and al predominant habitation are in the districts of Rohtas together constitute 5.11 per cent share. Dom/Dhangad (7.42%), Bhojpur (5.22%), Pashchim Champaran are concentrated in Santhal Pargana (21.08%) and (5.10%), Muzaffarpur (4.88%), Purba Champaran Dhanbad (6.68%) districts whereas Hari/Mehtar/Bhan (4.41%), Saran (4.00%), Siwan (3.73%), Samastipur gi are settled in Purnla (21.27%), Katihar (15.06%) and (3.63%) and Gopalganj (3.18%). Ramgarh C. D. Block Dhanbad (11.68%) districts. Bhogtas are 135028 In In Rohtas district has the highest number of (19 036) the state. They are Inhabited In Hazarlbag (41.81 %), Chamar population. Ranchi (22.89%) and Palamu (20.95%) districts Dusad/Dhari/Dharhi are the next predominant Note: The percentage figure against the name of scheduled scheduled caste in the state and share 27.55 per cent caste indicate its share in the total ten major scheduled castes of the total major scheduled castes population. They population whereas against the district name, its proportion in the are mainly found in Vaishali (6.41%), Samastipui respective caste. (6.35%), Patna (5.49%), Muzaffarpur (5.12%), Nalanda (4.66%), Begusarai (4.19%) and Darbhanga (4.18%) districts. 134 MAP 63 I. Ii BIHAR TEN NUMERICALLY MAJOR SCHEDULED CASTES 1981 lit p Q .,. .. 11 .,. TEN NUMERICALLY MAJOR o III SCHEDULED CASTES " CllAMAIl/ HOCHI • OUIADH /OHAIII/DHAIlHI • MUIAHAIl Jl. IHUITA 4> OHOII ... PASI o 111 IlAJWAII fI DDM/DHANGAD S A _DAIlY, 1NTIINA1l0NAL -' - • - 5 • HAIlI/ MEHTAII/BHANGI STATE 0 BHOGTA " DISTIller KILOMnaES " ... 20 r ... C.o. ILOCK , , , EACH SYMIIOL REPRESENTS 5000 PERSONS J lAST ." GIIIINWICH ",' 135 Map 64 TEN NUMERICALLY MAJOR SCHEDULED TRIBES 1981 The map depicts the distribution of ten numerically Bero, Ghaghra C. D. Blocks in Ranchl district, are the major scheduled tribes in the state in 1981 census. The main centres of Oraon. total population of ten numerically major scheduled tribes in the state are worked out and are represented Mundas are settled In many districts in Chotanagpur by various symbols in C. D. Blocks. Each symbol rep area but are concentrated In Ranchl (69.73%) district resents 4 000 persons but the areas having less than only. Among the total major tribal population, they 2000 persons in any tribe could not be represented be share 15.78 per cent. Khunti, Murhu, Torpa, Erkl C. D. cause of cartographic limitations as in this map. Blocks are the main habitation areas of Munda's In the district. There are 5.81 million scheduled tribes population In the state as per 1981 census. Out of this, 5.36 million Ho constitutes 10.07 per cent of the major tribal population belong to the ten numerically major population in the state and is concentrated in the central scheduled tribes. These tribes constitute 92.31 per cent part of Singhbhum (99.58%) district alone. Chakrad of the total tribal population in the state. Chotanagpur harpur, Chaibasa, Kumardungl, Jagannathpur, plateau is the main habitation belt of the tribal popula Khuntpani C. D. Blocks are the main area of Ho's habita tion. The scheduled tribes population is negligible in tion. the north Bihar plain, except Purnia and Katihar dis tricts. Kharwar and Lohara tribes are scattered In Palamu (45.76%) and Ranchi (57.33%) districts respectively. Santhal is the main scheduled tribe in Bihar. They They share 4.14 and 3.17 per cent of the total major constitute 38.49 per cent of the total major tribal popula tribal population. Ranka, Barwadih, Manika and tion. 53.76 per cent Santhal are concentrated in San Chhatarpur C. D. Blocks in Palamu district have propor thai Pargana district alone. Within this district, Borio tionately higher concentration of Kharwar tribe. and Maheshpur C. D. Blocks are worthmentioning. Giridih (9.30%) and Dhanbad (7.49%) districts are other The remaining four major tribes, viz., Kharia (2.64%), areas of Santhali's habitation. Bhumij (2.54%), Gond (1.81 %) and Mal Paharia (1.79%) in the state constitute together 8.78 per cent of ten major Oraon shares 19.57 per cent of the total major tribal tribal population of Bihar: Bumlj and Mal Paharia are population in the state. Ranchi (71.48%) and Palamu mainly concentrated in Singhbhum (98.46%) and San (12.23%) districts, together share 83.71 per cent of the thai Pargana (96.53%) districts whereas Kharia are total Oraon's population. They are mainly concentrated found In Ranchi (87.69%) district and Gond is con in the central part of the above districts. Kanke, Gumla, centrated In Ranchi (19.77%) and Singhbhum (19.38%) districts. 136 MAP 64 Ii>" 8B' tv BIHAR TEN NUMERICALLY MAJOR SCHEDULED TRIBES 1981 o 24' of TEN NUMERICALLY MAJOR '".,. SCHEDULED TRIBES o III a .ANTAL 1ft " OIAON • MUNDA ~ HO .t. KHARWAII .t. LOHAIA/ LOHRA o KHAIIIA m .HUMU S A o GOND BOUNDAIIY. INTlIINATIONAL _. - • - s • MAL PAHARIA ~An _._._._ DI~ICT klLOHETIIES 40 20 C. D. ILOCK ! ! EACH SYMBOL REPRESENTS 4 000 ~ERSONS U EAST of GHINWICH at ..' 137 Map 65 RELIGIONS 1981 The map represents the percentage distribution of The Jain religion constitutes 0.04 per cent popula different religions of the state as per 1981 census. tion in the state. In many districts, this religion is negli Square proportionate to total population is drawn In gible Purnia (0.17%), Dhanbad (0.13%), Hazaribag each district and divided into 100 small squares repre~ (0.12%) and Giridih (0.11%) have considerable pro- senting one per cent of the total population of the ais~ portion of Jalns. . trlct. Different colours have been used for population belonging to the various religions as shown in the The Buddhists comprise only 0.01 per cent in the legend of the map. state as a whole. There are only two districts; namely Slnghbhum (0.03) and Dhanbad (0.02) where the per The Hindu religion stands at the top, having 82.97 centage figure exceeds the state average. Except eight per cent population in the state. Except nine districts, districts, the proportion of Buddhists is either negligible remaining have higher proportion of Hindus than the or nil. state average. It is the highest in Bhojpur district, with 93.37 per cent while 58.13 per cent is the lowest, In Pur The share of Sikh religion is 0.11 per cent in the state. nia district. There are only six districts, viz., Singhbhum (0.99%). Dhanbad(O.60%) , Hazaribag (0.38%), Patna (0.21%), The Muslim religion which has second position in the Giridih (0.20%) and Ranch; (0.17%) where the propor state, constitute 14.12 per cent population. It varies tion of Sikhs exceeds to the state figure. Although the from 41.59 per cent in Purnia district to 4.56 per cent in followers of Sikh religion are found in all the districts but Singhbhum district. Katihar (36.92%), Darbhanga they are absent in Nawada, Aurangabad and Sitamar (21.55%), Pashchlm Champaran (19.63%), Sitamarhi hi. (18.45%) have also sizeable follower of Muslim religion. The share of 'other religions' is 1.69 per cent in the The Christians comprise with 1.06 per c;ent popula state. it is mainly concentrated in Singhbhum district tion in all over the state. They are mainly concentrated where 24.88 per cent population fall in this category.. in Ranchi district (16.57%) followed by Singhbhum Ranchi (11.02%) and Santhal Pargana (3.21 %) districts (2.26%), Palamu (1.88%) and Santhal Pargana (1.64%). also share other religious group. In seventeen districts. In rest of the districts, the proportion of Christians is its percentage is nil. Chotanagpur plateau is the main negligible. belt of 'other religions' in the state. 138 MAP 6S 86' 88° BIHAR RELIGIONS 1981 A L RELIGIONS CJ HINDUS MUSLIMS CHRISTlIINS .. JAINS ,.. NUMBER OF PERSO s S LAST SMI\LL 4000 NS ~ BUDDHISTS MAGNIFIED ~QUI\RE IS 000 EPAAATELY 1000000 c=J SIKHS DISTRICT m,,~~·n'" I'-it I OTHER RELIGIONS 86° 88° 139 Map 66 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY LANGUAGE MAINLY SPOKEN IN THE HOUSEHOLD 1981 , The map depicts the distribution of language spoken Santhali is a tribal language mainly spoken in San in the household in each district during 1981 census. thai inhabited areas. Although there are ten districts The percentage of population speaking languages in where Santhali language is spoken but its major con the household to total population is calculated in case centration is noted in Santhal Pargana (30.01 %) district. of each district. The major languages have been shown Giridih (10.n%). Singhbhum (10.76%) and Dhanbad. by graded colours and hatching whereas suitable sym (7.36%) districts have also concentration of Santhali bols are adopted for other languages as shown in the speakers. legend of the map. Bengali Is spoken into seven districts in the state. Hindi is the main language spoken in the households The percentage share of Bangia speakers vary among in ihe state. More than seventy five per cent popUation these districts. Singhbhum (27.38%). Dhanbad of twenty six districts speaks Hindi. Bhojpur (96.62) dis (18.00%) and Santhal Pargana (14.61%) districts are trict has the highest percentage of Hindi speakers in the worth to be mentioned here. state. Contrary to this. Singhbhum has just 17.14 per cent Hindi speaking population. Other districts with Kurukh/Oraon and Mundari languages are mainly comparatively lower percentage of Hindi speaking spoken In Ranchl district. 15.26 and 15.32 per cent population are Santhal Pargana (43.19). Ranchi (54.13). population speak above two languages respectively in Katihar (58.74). Pumia (61.28) and Dhanbad (61.67). the district. Besides. 4.74 per cent population in Palamu district speak Kurukh/Oraon whereas 4.71 per cent Urdu is the second predominant language in Bihar population in Singhbhum are Mundari speakers. (9.95%). Purnia (35.76%) and Katihar (27.50%) are the only two districts where more than 25.00 per cent of Ho (18.73%). Oriya (11.87%). Punjabi (1.31%) and population speak Urdu. Bhojpur (2.98). Saran (3.69). Telugu (1.02%) languages are only spoken in Singhbhum (3.79) and Gopalganj (4.92) districts show Singhbhum district while Kharia (3.17%) and Malta the relatively lower percentage (1.01-5.00) of Urdu (2.46%) are spoken in the districts of Ranchi and San speakers. The remaining districts vary between 5.01 to thai Pargana respectively. 25.00 per cent of population speaking Urdu in their households. 140 HAP 66 u M U ------.--~------~~------r BIHAR DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY LANGUAGE MAINLY SPOKEN IN THE HOUSE HOLD 1981 o L _, ' . IOHTAS /) )._, '- . ~...... L_' IlHAGAU'UI r ./ l j.... ,t \.c-______~ ,~~A~U~R~AN=G~A~.~A~D~\--~G~AY~A~_.~!~N~A~W~A=D=A~.. -~~ . r_----~~------_,----..__ ----~./ ....· 1----+--- . I .~. -.... '-; .... I ' •• ..... A I \ / ~/.J ( r[);:5 I)! "i _ I•••••••• • ~ _ •./', • • •' , 1... r-':t: '- 'f 2 .... · ./~·_.J ~ r;:._; ,. - '..;'" v < /, ...... " ~ I) I) I ( • • • •••• • ••••••f "lAO PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION SPEAKING LANGUAGES ...... '" .,. <> <> Co ,... •o ~ ~ ~ til < m 8 g g 8 HINDI DODD URDU [l] bd[] S4 NTHALI • I) 0 BE NGALI • J::, {:, KUR UKH/ ORAON III 0 MUNDARI ~ IZI HO o • ORIYA rl .. UO I s 5 KHAKIA IIIOUNDARY I INTERNATIONAL - ' - • - • EACH SYHlIOlllfPRfSENTS ONE .. STATE - . - . _ . - MALTO PER CENT • DISTRICT IULOMETIIES lANGUAGES ONE PER CENT AND PUNJABI .. .. 21 ' .. BELOW HAVE NOT BEEN TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT TELUGU _. 0 14° EAST OF GIlEINWlCH 141 Map 67 LITERACY 1981 This map shows the percentage of literates to total compact belt in the central part of the state. Gaya dis population excluding age group 0-4 as per 1981 cen trict depicts 34.75 per cent literates, which is the highest sus. Districtwise percentage of literates to total popula whereas the lowest is noted in Begusarai (30.11 %) dis tion excluding age group 0-4 has been calculated and trict in this range. The state average also comes in this are grouped into five categories. These categories are category. hatched by choropleth technique according to high to low percentage value as shown in the legend of the The literates ranging between 25.01 to 30.00 per cent map. The solid green bar, proportionate to total are spread over into eight districts. Hazaribag, Giridih literates, is drawn in each district. and Santhal Pargana form one pocket whereas Siwan, Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Darbhanga and Samastipur the There are 18.32 million literates in the state during other one. In above mentioned districts, Vaishali and 1981 census which constitute 30.25 per cent to total Santhal Pargana share 29.76 and 25.62 per cent population. Thirteen districts are above this ratio in the literates respectively which Is the maximum and mini state. Patna and Dhanbad, having 45.62 and 45.28 per mum figure in this range. cent literates respectively fall In the highest range of 40.01 & above. The last range of 25.00 & below per cent literates to total population is observed Into nine districts. Except There are five districts, viz., Singhbhum, Nalanda, Palamu, remaining eight districts are located in a con Bhojpur, Ranchi and Rohtas, forming the second tiguous belt in the north Bihar plain. Pashchlm Cham category of 35.01-40.00 per cent literates. These dis paran, with 21.73 per cent literates Is the lowest In the tricts are located in two pockets. The highest value of state preceded by Purba Champaran (22.35), Purnia this range is 39.20 per cent in Singhbhum district while (22.37), Sitamarhi (22.46), Saharsa (23.27), Palamu it is 35.23 per cent, the lowest in Rohtas district. (23.96), Katihar (24.47), Gopalganj (24.74) and Mad hubani (24.92). The percentage of literates in the range of 30.01- 35.00 covers seven districts and these are situated in a 142 MAP 67 88° BIHAR LITERACY 1981 () A L 4( SCALE OF BARS 12 810 g - 8 ?; "P.,. w o PERCENTAGE OF LITERATES 1ft TO TOTAL POPULATION III EXCLUDING AGE-GROUP 0-4 :r _ 40.01 & ABOVE _35.01 40·00 ri STATE AVERAGE )0. 25 n° A ~ lO.OI 35.00 BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL S 5 STATE 25 .01 - 30.00 DISTRICT KILOMETRES ~ 40 20 40 m 25.00 & anow 14° EAST OF GKEENWICH ..0 " 143 Map 68 CHANGE IN LITERACY 1971-81 The map shows the percentage change in literacy There are eleven districts in the category of 7.01-9.00 during 1971-81 in the state. Districtwise decadal varia per cent. These districts are Gaya, Ranchi, Hazaribag, tion in literacy is calculated and grouped into four Giridih, Nalanda, Begusarai, Aurangabad, Nawada, categories and hatched according to the grade of high Patna, Rohtas and Vaishali, all located in a compact to low as shown in the legend of the map. belt. The change in literacy in above districts varies be tween 8.68 per cent in Gaya district to 7.11 per cent in The total number of literates increased from 11.23 Vaishali district during the decade. million in 1971 to 18.32 million in 1981 while the percent age of literates increased from 23.35 in 1971 to 30.25 in The maximum number of districts (16) depict in 1981. Thus, there is a gain of 6.90 per cent during 1971- crease in literacy in the range of 5.01 to 7.00 per cent. 81. The large number of such districts are located in the north Bihar plain. The highest value of this category is There are two districts; namely, Dhanbad and 6.99 per cent each in the districts of Santhal Pargana Singhbhum having 11.36 and 9.25 per cent increase in and Samastipur while the lowest change of 5.16 per literacy, falling under the category of 9.01 & above. The cent literacy is recorded In Saharsa district. The state above districts depict the highest gain in literacy during average of 6.90 per cent also falls in this category. the decade. The industrial and mining potentiality in these districts attract literate persons which is the main The districts of Katihar (4.60) and Purnia (4.20) form reason of higher gain in literacy. ing the range of 5.01 & below represent the lowest in crease in literacy in the state during 1971-81. 144 MAP 68 BIHAR CHANGE IN LITERACY 1971-81 Q _, A ~ 00.,. .,. o III PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN LITERACY 1971-11 til :z: _ 9.01 • ABOVE _1.01 .... STATE AVERAGE ~ 6090 rJ E§3 5.01 - 1... u' S A BOUNDARY, INnRNAnONAL _._. _ 5 nAn _._._._ ~ 5000 ••ELOW DISTIIICT KILOMETRES 40 20 40 ! ! ! u' lAST OF ClflNWICH N' II' 145 Map 69 MALE LITERACY 1981 The map depicts the percentage of male. literates to in the map. Gopalganj (39.79%) possesses the highest total male population excluding age group 0-4 in each percentage of the male literates in this category fol district of the state as per 1981 census. The car lowed by Madhubani (38.70%), Santhal Pargana tographic technique adopted in drawing of this map is (38.34%), Palamu (36.40%), Saharsa (34.90%) and as per map number 67. Further, the percentage of Katihar (34.75%). urban and rural male literates is shown by bars. The lowest percentage range of 34.00 and below of There are 13.6 Million male literates enumerated in male literates is spread over into four districts and these Bihar during 1981 census which constitute 43.79/per are located along the Indo-Nepal border. Pashchim cent to total male population excluding age group 0-4. Champaran (31.91 %) has the lowest proportion of male The highest percentage range of 52.01 & above of male literates in the state preceded by Purnia (32.75%), literates is confined to five districts in the state. Patna Sitamarhi (32.84%) and Purba Champaran (33.52%). (59.76%), being an administrative centre is at the top, These districts are very low in literacy rate because of followed by Dhanbad (59.38%), Bhojpur (53.76%), socio-cultural factors. Nalanda (53.29%) and Singhbhum (52.99%). There is a wide gap between urban and rural literacy The next category of 46.01 - 52.00 per cent male In the state. Urban literacy rate is much higher than literates covers six districts. These districts are situated rural. The lowest percentage of urban male literates in the periphery of the highest range area. Rohtas remains in Valshali district (57.82) whereas the highest (50.66%), Aurangabad (49.08%), Gaya (50.83%) and in Ranchi (77.83). Similarfy the minimum and the max Nawada (46.54%) form a contiguous belt whereas imum percentage of rural male literacy is noted in Pash Saran (49.68%) and Ranchi (48.68%) have isolated chim Champaran (29.53) and Bhojpur (51.70) districts location. respectively. The highest number of districts (10) retain percent To sum up, the higher proportion of male literacy age of male literates in the range of 40.01 - 46.00. These remains in central-west districts while lower in other districts are located in the central part of the state in a areas. The higher male literacy rate in Dhanbad, crescent shape. Among these districts, the highest and Singhbhum and Ranchi is mainly. to educated in the lowest percentage value is recorded in Vaishali migrants combined with lhe role of Christian Mis (44.71) and Darbhanga (40.06) respectively. sionaries. The percentage of male literates inthe range of 34.01 - 40.00 is limited to six districts and these are scattered 146 MAP" u· BIHAR MALE LITERACY 1981 L ...... .. ".,. BIHAR o w III PERCENTAGE OF MALE UTERATES III TO TOTAL MALE POPULATION % EXCLUDING AGE-GROUP 0-4 • 52.01 • AIOYI! o III 46.01 - 52.00 ~ STAT! AYERAGE ~ 4OJI1 ~41.1t &OUNDAIlY, IIfrUHATIONAL 5 5 A " STATE DISTRICT Kll.OMmES ~ :14.01 - 40.00 IA· I!A$T O' GIIIINWICil u· 147 Map 70 CHANGE IN MALE LITERACY 1971·81 The map shows the percentage Increase In male Seven districts, narn_ely, Ranchi, Nawada, Santhal literacy during 1971-81 In the state. It Is prepared ac Pargana, Aurangabad, Begusaral, Samastlpur and cording to the cartographic technique adopted In map Valshall fall under the range of 8.01 - 10.00 per cent. The number 68. highest gain in this range Is 9.81 per cent In Ranchl dis trict, while 8.06 per cent is the lowest In Valshall district. The percentage of male literates to total male popula The state average of 8.01 also falls under this range. tion excluding age group 0-4 In the state has Increased from 35.78 per cent In 1971 to 43.79 In 1981 showing a Barring few districts In the Bihar plain, the entire change of 8.01 per cent gain In a decade. region shows percentage Increase In male literacy in the range of 6.01 to 8.00 during the decade. Altogether Dhanbad is the only district having 13.10 per cent seventeen districts, including Palamu, fall in this gain In male literacy during 1971-81 and forms the category. The percentage Increase varies from 7.70 In highest range of 12.01 and above. This may be cor Nalanda to 6.26 In Saharsa districts. roborated with educated male migration which Is the highest in this district. In the last category of 6.00 and below, there are only two districts, namely, Katihar and Pumia, having 5.01 There are four districts under the range of and 4.85 per c8nt Increase In male literacy respective 10.01-12.00. Girldlh retains the highest gain of 11.60 ly. Pumi8 district depicts the lowest percentage In per cent followed by Hazaribag (11.37), Gaya (10.68) crease in total literacy also In the state during this and Singhbhum (10.17) districts respectively. decade. 148 HAP 70 86° BIHAR CHANGE IN MALE LITERACY 1971-81 Q L 26° _, < A 2 ~ 14 ~ .,. ..,. " ~ PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN HALE a LITERACY 1971-81 III _ 12'01 .. ABOVE ." _10-01 - 12'00 STATE AVERAGE ••01 ~.Ol - 10'00 rl ~"Ol - 8'00 n BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _._._ s 5 .. STATE _._._._ ITIIIJ] "00 .. BELOW DISTIIICT KILOHETltES -40 10 40 ! I ! 4 84 EAST OF GUINWICH 149 Map 71 FEMALE LITERACY 1981 The map shows the percentage of female literates to districts, retain the highest and the lowest percentage total female population excluding age group 0-4 in each share of female literacy. The state average also falls in. district during 1981 census. The data is represented as this category. per map number 69. The maximum number of districts (17) in the state is The total number of female literates in Bihar during covered urlder the percentage range of 10.01 - 15.00. 1981 census is 9.62 million which constitute 15.80 per These districts are mainly located in the north Bihar cent of the total female population excluding 0-4 age plain (12). However, a belt of five districts is situated in group. Patna (29.53) and Dhanbad (27.33) districts fall Chotanagpur plateau. Although the percentage varia in. the highest percentage range ot 25.01 & above tion in female literacy among the districts in this range female literacy. Besides, Singhbhum (24.45), Ranchi is meagre but the highest and the lowest share is (22.46) and Nalanda (21.10) fall In the next higher per retained by Samastipur (14.87%) and Purba Cham centage range of 20.01 - 25.00 of female literacy in the paran (10.14%) respectively. GopalganJ (9.81%) dis state. Patna is the administrative headquarters of the trict has the lowest percentage of female literates state whereas Nalanda is a historical centre of educa among all the districts in the state. tion. The remaining three districts are in the industrial and mining belt. The above factors have contributed in The differential between urban and rural female high female literacy rate in above areas. literacy is 34.20 per e'ent In the State. Urban temale literacy rate is very high In the districts of Muzaffarpur The percentage of female literates to total female (57.59%), Ranchi (56.55%), Singhbhum (55.91%), population in the range of 15.01 - 20.00 covers eight dis Patna (50.98%) etc. whereas it Is the lowest in Gopal tricts. Except Muzaffarpur, remaining seven districts ganj (28.67%). Similarly, rural female literacy rate Is are iocated in two pockets in central part of the state, maximum in the district of Nalanda (17.67%), and min having four and three districts respectively. In this imum in Hazaribag district (7.82%). range, Bhagalpur (18.53%) and Muzaffarpur (15.29%) 150 MAP 71 BIHAR FEMALE LITERACY 1981 Q L Z 60 C •II< so :::I ~040 ~w- 30 _, u ~c aJ 20 ! .. 10 '" o BIHAR 1 PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE LITERATES "." TO TOTAL FEMALE POPULATION o IU EXCLUDING AGE-GROUP 0-4 1ft 15-01 • ABOVE _ :ZO-Ol 15-00 STATE AVERAGE ~ -----15-8. ~ 15-01 zo-oo o ~ 10-01 - 15'00 BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _-_-- s 5 STATE _._._._ [ill]]] 10'00 • BELOW DISTRICT KILOMETRES 40 .. 40 84· EAST OF CIUNwicH ..' 151 Map 72 CHANGE IN FEMALE LITERACY 1971-81 The map shows percentage change in female tas (6.41 %) and Aurangabad (6.17%) districts are literacy in the districts during 1971-81 census. The car covered In the second category. tographic technique adopted In drawing of this map is same as per map number 68. More than half of the districts (17) in the state are covered under the percentage range of 4.01 - 6.00 in The decadal increase in female literacy is 5.56 per crease in female literacy during 1971-81. These dis cent in the state during 1971-81. With this rate of in tricts are spread over in all parts of the state. Among crease, it will cross the 20th century to achieve the goal these districts, Valshall, with 5.81 per cent, increase In of complete female literacy in Bihar. Besides, the rate female literacy is at the top while Palamu. with 4.07 per of increase in female literacy is higher in the districts cent, is in the bottom. having high percentage of literacy. There are four dis tricts showing percentage Increase In female literacy In There are only five districts in the last range of 4.00 the range of 8.01 & above and five in 6.01 - 8.00. These & below per cent increase in female literacy In the state districts are situated in the high female, literacy area. and these are located mainly along Indo-Nepal border. Dhanbaci (9.63%), Patna (8.37%), Nalanda (8.32%) and Purba Champaran (3.29) depicts the lowest percentage . Singhbhum (8.27%) fall In the first range whereas Increase In the female literacy during the decade Begusarai (7.45%), Ranchi (7.18%), Gaya (6.43%). Roh- preceded by Madhubanl (3.61). Purnia (3.72). Gopal ganj (3.95) and Pashchlm Champaran (3.98). 152 MAP n as' BIHAR CHANGE IN FEMALE LITERACY 1971-81 o 26' < .. "l' o 1ft PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN FEMALE III LITERACY 1971 - 81 _ 8'01 • ABOVE .6'01 8'00 STATE AVERAGE ~ -----15'56 rl ~4.01 6'00 5 A BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL _. -' _ 5 STATE _._._._ ~ 4'00. BELOW DISTRICT KILOMETRES 40 10 '40 a.4 UdT OF GREENWICH 153 Map 73 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT 1981 The map depicts the educational attainment of In comparison to other categories, graduate and population in each district of the state during 1981 cen above educational attainment population is the lowest sus. Data of primary and middle; matriculation, secon in the state (569035). There is a large variation in the dary, higher secondary, intermediate, pre-university, number of graduate and above persons in the districts. non-technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree Patna (79 633), Dhanbad (47 879), Ranchi (45 099). and technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree; Singhbhum (44 211) etc. have a large nLimber of graduate and above; literates without educational level graduates in the state. In these districts. higher educa and illiterate were compiled for each district separately tional facilities are better and also attract educated per and shown by columnar diagram, solid equal size sons for job opportunities. Contrary to this. Nawada coloured circles as per legend in the map. Each circle (4631), Gopalganj (5 072). Aurangabad (5560) etc. represents 100 000 persons whereas for graduate and have the lesser number of persons with this education above its value has been fixed to 20 000 persons. alleve!. There are 18.32 million literates with different educa Literates without educational level are 6.37 million in tionallevels in the state during 1981. The proportion of Bihar. Among the districts. Patna (362038) again ranks literates with various educational level differs among the first in the number of literates without educational level districts. It is proportionately related with the popula followed by Gaya (315 782), Ranchi (298020). Santhal tion size also. The educational attainment at primary Pargana (293 704). Slnghbhum (a88 780) etc. SimHar and middle level is the maximum number in Patna dis Iy the lower number of literates wfthout educational level trict (434 003) followed by Ranchi (425 476), Gaya is noted in the districts of Nawada (100 603). Katihar (422616), Singhbhum (419 498), Munger (413 158) etc. (113 517), Gopalganj (115 418) and Aurangabad whereas Gopalganj (118 710) and Katihar (123 232) (121 267) respectively. depict just one symbol each of his category. Matricula tion .and other equivalent educational attainment of Illiterates are maximum in number in the state (51.59 population recorded as the maximum and the minimum million) as well as in the districts. Nearly two third in the districts of Patna (324019) and Nawada (47032). population is illiterate. The number of illiterates are in Dhanbad (205 607) is an addition after Patna verse proportion to literates in all the districts. Purnla (324019), among the highest number of matriculate (2 902 874), Santhal Pargana (2 890 128), Munger and equivalent persons. (2431 621). Saharsa (2355261) etc. possess a large number of illiterate persons in the state. 154 HAP 7] .i I I I BIHAR •.....,.r\.. 'i ,.-.~ EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT 1 II Q \ ~ '. :: . ( • & I 1981 ',,\ '.. • ..:: .?"' ...... !o ••••• , b..._ ...... J'. PASHCHIM', o~ /'.r. p iCHAMPARANr" : ~ 0 \... ._. 0 ~ ..... _, 000 I 0001 A Q '", 000 \ 000\ ...... L .,..-._. 0 i a 0 0 0 00 ", .. 0 0 0 '",.' ~"'-'1...! (\ '_'" .J • 0 0 0\ 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 y .. • 0 0 0 ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ r\' • 'l- eo ... " 0 0 0 ~" PURIA I. SITAMARHI..,J"o • 0 0 0 0 .,• ....,." 1\ .,...... ,.""." ...... / i> ·-',-C:0'AlG~NI '\CHAM.AltAN \.. 0 9 ~ J .... j 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 ..J 0 0 I '''''.J 0 0 • ;, r~,.r "_'''O go\ Q-- ... '] ,~o~) \ ~ HAOHUIANI /' 00 I 000 / ,..,J O'Cl-Q.{_g 0 g 0 \ - \.o.g,~ ~_J- :: ~ ~ g g ./ " ... 0 o(l 00 0 0 00 0 '0 .00 0 o·~ GO, 000 /,' • 00. o~QO 010 0 00. 000 (00 •• 00010/-' • G \ 000 ._i '. SIWAN ,._,/ 0 \0 MUZAFfAR.UR /.... OARBHANGA' .0 .. 0 0 0 ) - )1," \"., . 0 • 0 ci''''( r - .... ._ ,"''-.."" 0 0 0 10 • o· 0 .0 00 • " .....JO I> _.00 I -~"'iii'G -,Q...O 010 ~ g" 0 • 0 0 0 I '1. OQ 5" 0 .~OQQO" 0 I 00 •• 000 n ') SARAN 00 VAISHALI 0 0 0 •• 0<:2 a.,O gil. : 0 ~ PURNIA' _. " .- . • __ 00\ 0 r'\ ..... '1.0 ( .... __...... _/ •• '""" J '\.. ,.'-1."' .....- T Q. 0 I" _ 0 0 SAHASTIPU. ~ /0' SAHARSA \ 4) •• • /' 6'. • j 0 O''b 0 _ .f 0 0 I'~ \ I '1 0 o·_ .... r'\...... \ / • ... I .1'6 • : : g g .~ • ; g g .' ..... _.j~ _,C,... ~g g 'tj~' 0 .... 0 0 R.....) 0( f 0 - • (I 0 0 ole •• 00 ~.~ .._ .• t. 00 •• 0'-0. J-~'-~~'~'''''; KATIHAR ('I" O ...... '< 0 ~.!..!_ .• 0 0 0 i • • 0 ~.-.- '-'t,..o 0 '-...... BEGUSARAI i 0 \ _.r ...... '.... _. . ,... .,...... ~ ~ '- IHOlPUR /I PATN~ I . t>--o ~. J... :($ 0 iii ./ 0 0 ._~ ...... '. ," "...... /' '-., (./ ...... _, \. ~ c·-· ,_...... 0 «) ,,/ 0 0 J "\,,/ ,/ •• I~. // I I I 155 Map 74 URBAN LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 5-14 OVER LITERATES PER 1 000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 15-34 The map depicts the pattern.of urban literates per compact belt In southern part of the state. Among these 1 000 of population In age 5-14 over 15-34 In each dis districts, Hazarlbag (413) has the highest value whereas trict during 1981. The number of literates per 1 000 of the lowest Is noted In Rohtas (383). population In age group 5-14 and 15-34 Is compUed separately for each district. Further, the ratio figure of The maximum number of dlstiicts (11) retain excess literates In age group 15-34 is substracted from 5-14 number of juvenile literates In the range of 301 370. which yielded data only in 'excess' values. This data is These districts are located In the central and north grouped Into suitable raAges as shown in the legend In western part of the state. This range also covers state the map. '; average figure. Within this category, Muzaffarpur (357) and Saran (309) depict top and bottom position respec At a glance, the map reveals excess of literates in age tively. group 5-14 over 15-34 in urban areas In all the districts of the state. There rs 369 points higher JuvenRe literates The excess juvenile literates below state average in Bihar. Among the districts, Munger (540), category is shown by ranges of 231-300 and 230 & Singhbhum (469) and Dhanbad (441) retain the highest below. There are eight and two districts respectively in number of excess literates in the category of 441 & each range. Begusaral (181) district has the lowest ex above. cess value In its urban areas In the entire state. In the range of 231-300 excess juvenile literates, Valshall (296) The next higher number of excess juvenile literates and Bhojpur (244) delimit the highest and the lowest in the range of 371-440 is confined to seven districts. value. Except Samastipur, remaining districts are located in a 156 MAP 74 Ii BIHAR URBAN LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN AGE. 5-14 OVER LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 15-34 1981 Q A L ~. IU NUMBER OF LITERATES EXCESS _ 441" AIOVE _ 371 - 440 ~ "1 ST.e.TE AVERAGE o ~ _---'-70..:..:'69 BOUNDAI". INTERNATIONAL _._._ s s RAn _._._._ ~]]I - JOO DlSTIICT IULOMETIIIS 1 1 T [[]]I] ]]0" BELOW 157 Map 75 RURAL LITERATES PER 1 000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 5-14 OVER LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 15-34 1981 The map shows the pattern of variation in literates Dhanbad (225), Patna (223), Aurangabad (222), Gaya per 1 000 of population in age group 5-14 over 15-34 in (212), Vaishali (209), Saran (207) and Nawada (201). rural areas in the districts. The cartographic technique adopted in the drawing of this map is as per map num There are ten districts in the range of 176-200. These ber74. districts are scattered In the state. The state average (183) also comes in this range. Samastlpur (198) dis The rural literates in age group 5-14 are in excess trict retains the highest excess figure In this range. The number over 15- 34 In all districts In the state. The state lowest value is noticed In Glridlh, Santhal Pargana and average figure is 183. This Indicates that juvenile Darbhanga (176 each) districts. literacy has increased and more number of boys and girls have been benefited under educational program The number of excess literates below state average mes. category is shown under the ranges of 151-175 and 150 & below respectively. There are seven and four districts The number of excess juvenile literates above the in each range and majority of them are located in the state average range has been shown under the northern part (8) along Indo-Nepal border area. Purnia categories of 226 & above and 201-225. Altogether ten (127) has recorded the lowest number of excess rural districts come under the above ranges, with a break up juvenile literates in the entire state. Thfs district is low of three and seven districts respectively. Except Dhan in literacy ratio also. Katihar (131). Pashchim Cham bad, the remaining districts form a compact belt in paran (134), Saharsa (136), Palamu (151), Purba Cham central-west part of the state. Bhojpur (246) has the paran (153), Hazaribag (161), Sitamarhi (163), highest number of excess literates in age group 5-14 in Gopalganj (164), Madhubani and Munger (173 each) the entire state followed by Rohtas (243), Nalanda (233), are the remaining districts with lower variation of literates In age group 5-14 In the state. 158 MAP 75 g' BIHAR RURAL LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 5-14 OVER LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 15-34 1981 III A o L " .~ ." .. " "." 0 1&1 NUMBER OF LITERATES '" EXCESS fA ~ J 216 • AIOVE -111»1 - 22S STATE AVElIAGE o ~ 17,-_---=.=-U) IOUNDARY. INTEIINAnoNAL _. _ • _ $ 5 "- nAn -._._._ ~.ISI - 175 DISTIIICT -._._._._ KILOMETRES 4D 4D 1st. BELOW t •! ! ITIIIIJ u' lAST Of GIIEINWICH .1>' g' 159 Map 76 PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT OF BOYS 1981 The map shows the proportion of boys attending of the state nearby the highest category areas. Nalan primary school to the tot,\1 number of boys In the age da district, with 18.99 per cent enrolment of boys. group 5-14 in each district of the state during 1981 cen stands above all In this range while Munger, with 17.41 sus. The percentage of boys attending primary school per cent, Is at lower end. to total number of boys In age group 5-14 h~s been worked out In each district and grouped into five The percentage of boys in the range of 13.01 - 6.00 suitable ranges. The districts in each range are hatched covers ten districts which Is the highest figure In the from deep to light shades from high to low order of state. The state average (15.21 %) also falls In this values as shown In the legend of the map. category. Two pockets of four districts each, are situated in northern part of Chotanagpur plateau and There are 10.47 million boys in age group 5-14 in the western part of the north Bihar plain. Begusarai and state during 1981. Out of these. 1.59 million are enrolled Madhubani are away from the above belts. Saran dis in primary level of education which constitute only 15.21 trict has 15.59 per cent enrolment of boys which is the per cent to the total boys in the above age group. There highest in this range while GopaJganj. with 13.02 per are fourteen districts retaining the ratio above to state cent, Is the lowest. average (1-5.21 %) and most of them are situated in the central part of the state. Rohtas district shows the The low percentage enrolment of boys at the level of highest percentage (22.40) of school going boys in age primary education In the age group 5-1418 depicted by group 5.14 In all the districts followed by Dhanbad two ranges of 10.01 - 13.00 and 10.00 & below. Al (21.24). Singhbhum (20.56). Gaya (20.35). Aurangabad together nine districts come In the above ranges and (20.29) and Patna (19.28). The above districts fall in the are located in the north Bihar plain. Purnia (8.49) dis highest percentage range of 19.00 and above. trict has the lowest percentage enrolment of boys in the entire state preceded by Katihar (8.93). Pashchim The next percentage range of 16.01-19.00 Is spread Champaran (9.57). Sltamarhi (10.21), Saharsa (10.57), over In six districts. Except Ranchl (18.13%) district. Purba Champaran (10.59), Muzaffarpur (11.98), remaining districts are concentrated in the central part Samastipur (12.25) and Darbhanga (12.72). 160 MAP 76 ;, ----~------::"------:-----....-,M • A BIHAR PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT OF BOYS 1981 L .. ,». III PERCENTAGE OF BOYS AT THE LEVEL OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN THE AGEoGROUP 5-14 _ 19.01 • "'IOYE _ 16.01 - ..... STATE AVIRAG. o ~ 13.01 _ lUi 15.11 . BOUNDARY. INTIUlATIONAL _. _. _ S 5 A nAn _._.-.- 4' ~ 10.01 - 13.00 DlnBlCT _._._._._ IILOMITQI •. » ! •. rnm 10.ot. BELOW u· 161 Map 77 PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT OF GIRLS 1981 The map shows the proportion of girts enrolled in Nalanda (8.54%), Munger (8.24%) and Begusarai primary schools to the total number of girls in the age (7.23%). group 5-14 In each district of the state during 1981 cen sus. The data Is shown as per the same cartographic The enrolment of girls In the range of 5.01 - 7.00 in technique applied in map number 76. . primary school, corresponds into eight districts. Such districts are sporadically located in all regions. The There are 9.30 million girls in age group 5-14 in the state average figure is also covered under this range. state in 1981. Out of these, 0.57 million are enrolled In Aurangabad and Santhal Pargana districts retain 6.38 primary level of education which constitute only 6.15 and 5.12 per cent of girts enrolment which is the highest per cent. There are only eleven districts, above the state and the lowest value in this category. average figure. The highest percentage range of 9.01 & above girl's enrolment exist Into five districts and In the range of 3.01 -5.00 and 3.00 and below, eleven these are sparsely located. Singhbhum (11.34) retains and two districts fall respectively. Except Girldih and the highest percentage of girls enrolment In the entire Palamu, remaining districts are situated in the north state closely followed by Patna (11.21), Ranchi (10.34), Bihar plain. This belt is also lower In literacy rate in the Dhanbad (9.47) and Bhagalpur (9.06) respectively. state. Purnla (2.91) district retains the lowest percent age of girls enrolment In primary school among all the The percentage range of 7.01 - 9.00 covers five dis districts preceded by Pashchltn Champaran (2.92), tricts and all these are located in the central part of the Purba Champaran (3.26), Gopalganf· (3.27), . Slwan state. Rohtas district, having 8.98 per cent of girls en (3.45), Saharsa (3.47). The soclo-cultural factors In the rolment, is at the highest level in this range while Gaya, above region are the main reason behind low enrolment with 7.21 per cent, is at the lowest. Other districts are of girls in primary schools. 162 MAP 77 ·1 BIHAR PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT OF GIRLS 1981 ., Q L .. _, ...... IU PERCENTAGE OF GIRLS AT THE lEVEL OF PRIMARY EDUCATION IN THE AGE-GROUP 5-14 '.01 II A.OVE _7.01 9.00 - STATE AVERAGE 15 o ~ 5.-::01-----;;7"""'.00.-- 1• S S A BOUNDARY. INTlIINAnONAL _.-.- J.OI - 5.00 STAn _._._.- DISTIIICT -'-'-'-'_ ItILOMETIIES • ,!21 40, -ITillIIJ MG II BELOW 163 Map 78 EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT OF MALES AT MATRICULATION I SECONDARY, HIGHER SECONDARY AND HIGHER LEVELS 1981 The map shows the proportion of males in age group The maximum number of districts (15) depict the per 15-24 at the level of matriculation/secondary, higher centage of males at matriculation and higher level In the secondary and higher education to the total population range of 14.01 - 1 B.OO. These districts are mainly lo in the same age group in each district of the state during cated in the central and northern Bihar. Ranchi, Dhan 19B1 census. The percentage of males in age group bad and Singhbhum are away from this belt. 15-24 at matriculation/secondary, higher secondary Bhagalpur, with 17.54 per cent, depicts the highest and higher education to their total population In the share In this range while the lowest remains In Samas same age group has been worked out for each district tipur (14.41) district. The enrolment of males In age and grouped into five suitable ranges. Districts in each group 15-24 in matriculation and higher level of educa range are hatched as per the legend In the map. tion in the range of 10.01 - 14.00 per cent is distributed Into six districts. Siwan has the percentage of 13.75 fol There are 5.84 million males in age group 15-24 in lowed by Nawada (13.35), Saharsa (12.95), Gopalganj the state during 1981 census. Out of these, 0.86 million (12.43), Hazaribag (10.46) and Purba Champaran or 14.7B per cent are enrolled In the Institutions Impart (10.11) districts. ing matriculation/secondary, higher secondary and higher education. Thirteen districts retain higher per The lowest percentage range of 10.00 and below centage than the state average figure but the highest confine to seven districts. Out of these, four districts proportion remains in Patna (28.01) followed by Nalan are located in north Bihar plain and three In Chotanag da (22.80) and Bhojpur (19.49) districts. The above dis pur plateau area. Giridih (8.78) district has the lowest tricts fall in the range of 22.01 and above (2) and 18.01 percentage of enrolment in the state preceded by Pur - 22.00 (1) respectively. nia (9.04), Palamu (9.14), Santhal Pargana (9.16), Pash chim Champaran (9.24), Katihar (9.25) and Sitamarhi (9.67) districts. 164 HAP 78 II- BIHAR EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT OF MALES AT MATRICULATION/SECONDARY, HIGHER SECONDARY AND HIGHER LEVELS 1981 Q A L .. _, .. "'P PERCENTAGE OF HALES IN AGE CI 15-14 AT HATRICUlATIONAND 1ft HIGHER EDUCATIONAL lEVELS III :r : _ n.DI a AIOVE _ 18.01 - n.oo ~ STATE AVERAGE o E§ 14." - 11.00 14.78 llO s 5 A BOUNDARY. INnRNAnONAL -'..-'- _ 10.01 - 14.00 STAn _._.-.- DISTRICT IIILOHETJIES .. » 40 m 10:" BELOW .( EAST OF CIIEINWlCH 165 Map 79 EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT OF FEMALES AT MATRICULATION/SECON DARY/HIGHER SECONDARY AND HIGHER LEVELS 1981 The map shows the percentage of females in age The percentage of females in age group 15-24, en group 15-24 at the level of matriculation/secondary, rolled at matriculation and higher educational levels, in higher secondary and higher education to their total the range of 2.01-4.00 are spread over into seven dis population in the same age group in each district of the tricts. The state average also comes under this range. state in the 1981 census. The cartographic technique Muzaffarpur, with 3.31 per cent, has the highest share used in the drawing of this map is as per map number followed by Bhagalpur (3.16), Nalanda (2.93), Munger 78. (2.89), HaZaribag (2.54), Gaya (2.18)and Samastipur (2.17). There are 5.52 million females in the age group 15- 24 In the state during 1981 census. Out of these 0.14 The maximum number of districts (14) in the state, million females or 2.69 per cent, are enrolled in Institu depict percentage enrolment of females in age group tions Imparting matriculation/secondary, higher secon 15-24 at matriculation and higher levels in the range of dary and higher education. Such a low enrolment of 1.01-2.00. These districts are distribut~d in all females in Bihar, smack their educational conditions geographical regions in the state. Darbhanga, with 1.89 only. .. per cent, retain the highest percentage value in this category whYe Siwan, With 1.06, remains the lowest. Nine districts retain percentage above the state average. Patna, with 8.56 per cent, has the highest The lowest percentage range of 1.00 & below covers proportion of females enrolment followed by Ranchi five districts and all are scattered in the state. Santhal (7.25), Dhanbad (6.28) and Singhbhum (6.17) respec Pargana (0.69), a tribal district, has the lowest percent tively. The above districts fall in the highest category of age share in the entire state preceded by Madhubani 6.01 & above. Begusarai (4.20%) is the only district In (0.82), Nawada (0.87), Aurangabad (0.99) and Gopal the range of 4.01 - 6.00. ganj (1.00) respectively. 166 MAP 79 BIHAR EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT OF FEMALES AT MATRICULATION/SECONDARY, HIGHER SECONDARY AND HIGHER LEVELS 1981 L _, ,..' ." •,. .,. III PERCENTAGE OF FEMALES IN o AGE 15-2.4 AT MATRICULATION AND HIGHER EDUCATIONAL LEVELS _ 6.01. AIOVE _ 4.01 - 6.00 STATE AV!IIAGI o ~ 1.01 _ 4.00 1.M IOUNDAIlY. INTEIINATIONAL _. _. _ s 5 _ 1.01 - 1.00 STATE _._._._ KILOMITIlIS .. DISTIIICT _ 21 • ITIIIID 1.00. BELOW 14° IAIT Of GQINWICH •• 167 Map 80 TEACHERS PER 1 000 OF STUDENTS AT PRIMARY LEVEL OF EDUCATION 1981 The map depicts the ratio of teacher and student at by Purnia (108), Gopalganj (95), Muzaffarpur (94) and primary level in the districts ofthe state during 1981 cen Samastipur (91) respectively. sus. The number of teachers per 1 000 students at primary level of education is worked out in case of each The third range of 71 - 90 teacher-student ratio com district and grouped into five suitable ranges in des prises with seven districts. Glridlh (76) and Hazaribag cending order. Districts falling in each range are (71), having the lower ratio in this category, are situated hatched from high to low grade of hatching as shown in Chotanagpur plateau whereas Madhubani (88), in the legend of the map. Siwan (83), Saran (81), Vaishali (80), Darbhanga (78) with higher ratio, are in the north Bihar plain. There are 1.12 lakh teachers and 15.561akh students at primary level of education in Bihar during 1981. The The maximum number of districts (13) fall in the number of teachers per 1 000 students come to 73 only range of 51 - 70 teacher-student ratio. These districts for the state. Sixteen districts retain above the state form a contiguous belt, comprising the districts of south average ratio. Purba Champaran, with 129 teachers per Bihar plain and Chotanagpur plateau. Palamu (70) and 1 000 students at primary level of eduction, is the Rohtas (51) adjoining to each other, retain the highest hi_ghest in the state followed by Katihar (118), Pashchim and the lowest number of teacher-student ratio In this Champaran (117) and Sitamarhi (111). Above districts range. Dhanbad (50), another district in Chotanagpur fa" In the highest range of 111 & above. plateau, retains the lowest number of teachers per 1 000 students in the state at primary level of education. This The second range of 91-110 covers six districts. Ex is the only district in the range of 50 & below. cept Santhal Pargana (92), the remaining districts are situated in the north Bihar plain, adjoining to the highest To sum up, the districts situated in the north Bihar category districts. Saharsa has retained the highest plain retain higher teacher-student ratio than the dis (109) proportion of teachers in this category followed tricts in the south Bihar plain and Chotanagpur plateau. 168 MAP 80 ",' BIHAR TEACHERS PER 1000 OF STUDENTS AT PRIMARY LEVEL OF EDUCATION 1981 o L .,. .. " ".,. IU o NUMBER OF TEACHERS PER 1000 m STUDENTS AT THE PRIMARY LEVEL OF EDUCATION .91_ III. AIOVE110 STATE AVUAGE r 71 - 90 13 U· IOIINDA.T. INnllNATIONAL _. - • - S 5 " ~ 51 70 "~An _._._._ 1 DISTRICT -.-.-.~.- ~ILOHETJIU ... 10 40 50. BELOW " ! tmIIIJ. '~. '~------~M~'~I~MT~O'~G=W=N~M=~~------~M"------~------~U•. -- __ ~ ____ _J 169 Map 81 TEACHERS PER 1 000 OF STUDENTS AT SECONDARY lEVEL OF EDUCATION 1981 The map depicts the number of teachers per 1 000 education in the state followed by Siwan (55), Bhojpur students at secondary level of education in each district (53), Palamu & Katihar (52 each). Saran, Rohtas and of the state during 1981 census. It is drawn as per car Madhubani (51 each). tographic technique adopted in map number 80. The largest number of districts (12) come under the There are 38105 teachers and 831 402 students at range of 45 - 49 which covers state average also. These secondary level of education in Bihar in 1981 census. districts are located in all parts but majority of them are The ratio of teachers per 1 000 students comes to 46 located in the central part of the state. Aurangabad (49) only in the state. There are nineteen districts above the and Purba Champa ran (45) have the highest and the state average figure. lowest ratio of teachers per 1 000 students at secondary level of education in this category. The number of teachers per 1 000 students at secon dary level of education, above the state average The low proportion of teacher-student ratio has been category, have been shown in ranges of 55 & above and depicted under the range of 40 - 44 and 39 & below 50 - 54. There are eight districts under the above respectively. There are eleven districts in the above two categories. A group of five districts, is located in the categories which are scattered in the state. It is con western part, along the state boundary whereas two dis spicuous to note that Dhanbad (33) and Patna (37) dis tricts are situated in the east. Madhubani is away from tricts retain the lowest proportion of teacher-student the above belt, along northern boundary. Santhal Par among all the districts in the state though these districts gana (64) , a tribal district, retains the highest number of are economically well developed. teachers per 1 000 students at secondary level of 170 MAP II Ii· BIHAR TEACHERS PER 1000 OF STUDENTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL OF EDUCATION 1981 A L ..0 ... ... ..,. ~ o NUMBER OF TEACHERS PER 1000 STUDENTS AT THE SECONDARY .. LEVEL OF EDUCATION (It _ 55aAIIOVE __ -54 ~.. STATE AVERAGE ~ _ .9'" _DARY. 1NTIINA11OMAL _. _. _ S S A nAn _._._._ ~ 411- 44 DISTIICT IIlLOIIITRES , T r , ITIIIIIJ It a BELOW ". lAIr Of __eN Ii· 171 Map 82 LITERATES HOLDING NON-TECHNICAL AND TECHNICAL DIPLOMA OR CERTIFICATE NOT EQUAL TO DEGREE 1981 The map shows the distribution pattern of literates There are ten districts in the range of 49 to 69 in the holding non-technical and technical diploma or certifi state. These districts are located mainly in northern and cate not equal to degree, in the districts of the state eastern parts of the state. The state average also fall in during 1981 census. The number of non-technical and this range. Pashchlm Champaran, with 67 diploma technical diploma or certificate holders per 10 000 of holders per 10000 of literates, presents the highest ratio literates is calculated for each district and arranged into while the lowest value remains in Muzaffarpur (50) dis five suitable ranges. The districts in each range are trict in this range. hatched from high to low grade as shown in the legend of the map. Further, the total number of non-technical The number of non-technical and technical diploma and technical diploma or certificate not equal to degree or certificate holders per 10 000 of literates below the in each district, is represented by proportionate circle state average, is shown by the ranges of 28-48 and 27 with the percentage sectors of non-technical and tech & below. Altogether, fourteen districts lie In the above nical diploma or certificate not equal to degree. two categories. Saran (23) district claims the lowest number of diploma holders In the entire state. Siwan & The proportion of non-technical and technical Vaishall (29 each), Gaya (30), Gopalganj (33) have also diploma or certificate holders per 10 000 of literates in .Iower proportion of diploma holders. the state is only 55. Among the districts, exceptionally very high proportion is noticed in Sitamarhi (138) dis In general, the technical diploma holders are the trict, followed by Purnia (95), Saharsa (90), Katihar (88), highest in the district of Dhanbad (96.76%) followed by Madhubani (87), Ranchi (83) and Dhanbad (79) respec Ranchi (96.14%). Singhbhum (95.26%), Palamu tively. Sitamarhi and Purnia form the first range of 91 & (95.16%) and Rohtas (93.67%). Reverse is the position above whereas the remaining districts are in the second of non-technical diploma holders in the above districts. range of 70 - 90. Except Dhanbad and Ranchi, remain Their share is high in the districts ofthe north Bihar plain. ing districts are located adjoining to each other along Sitamarhi (86.55) possesses the highest percentage of Indo-Nepal border. non-technical diploma holders in the state. 172 MAP 82 III' 88' Iv BIHAR LITERATES HOLDING NON -TECHNICAL AND TECHNICAL DIPLOMA OR CERTIFICATE NOT EQUAL TO DEGREE 1981 26' .... < lit' ~ LITERATES HOLDING NON-TECHNICAL AND TECHNICAL DIPLOMA OR CERTIFICATE NUMIER OF NON-TECHNICAL AND TECHNICAL DIPLOMA OR CERTIFICATE HOLDERS PER 10000 OF LITERATES _ 91 .ABOVE _7D-9O STATE AVERAGE ~ 55 o Note;· F1GURESAT THE TOP OF THE ~49-69 CIRCLE INDICATE TOTAL Nl)MBER OF LITERATES HOLDING NON s s TECHNICAL A.NO TECHNICAL BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL _._-_ DIPLOMA OR. CERTIFICATE STATE .28-48 FIGURES INSIDE THE SECTORS DISTRICT KILOMETRES 41 :It 41 INDlCAT~ PERCENTAGES 'D' BELOW I I I ~ 0 84 EAST OF GREENwiCH ,,' 173 Map 83 LITERATES HOLDING UNIVERSITY DEGREE/DIPLOMA OF THE GRADUATE LEVEL AND ABOVE 1981 The map shows number of literates holding univer There are fifteen districts showing the degree holders sity degree/diploma of the graduate level and above per in the ranges of 161 - 245 (13) and 160 & below (2) 10000 of literates in the districts of state during 1981 Majority of the districts (8) are situated In the nonh census. It Is drawn according to the canographlc tech western pan of the state whereas remaining districts are nique applied in map 82. distributed in a sporadic manner. Aurangabad (158) district retains the lowest proportion of degree holders There are 18.32 million literates In the state during among all the districts in the state preceded by Nawada 1981 census. Out of these, 0.56 million are degree (159), Ciopalganj (174), Siwan (176), Santhal Pargana holders. The proponion of degree holders to per 10 000 (185), Palamu {202}, Vaishali (205) etc. The insufficient of literates come to 311 only for the state. In the number of such institutions and migration of degree districts, Patna (664) depicts the highest number of holders, contribute in the lower ratio, In the above dis persons holding degree/diploma of graduate and tricts. above level, followed by Dhanbad (578), Ranchl (468), Singhbhum (447), Muzaffarpur (409) and Oarbhanga The sectors in the circle depict the percentage share (371). The last two districts constitute the range of 331- of degree/diploma holders in rural and urban areas. 415 whereas the remaining districts come in the highest There are only ten districts having more than fifty per range of 416 & above. cent degree holders In its urban areas, being the maxi mum. in Dhanbad (89. 39%}. Patna (85.32%). The third range of 246 - 330 graduate level literates Singhbhum (85.12%) and Ranchi (83.31%) districts cover ten districts. This range also retain the state have also higher percentage of degree holders in urban average figure. A block of seven districts, is located in areas. Rural literates having degree and above the nonh eastern pan of the state whereas Rohtas, Gaya qualification are more than urban In twenty one districts and Hazaribag are left over from the above belt. Among in the state. In these districts, its share is more than fifty the districts In this category, Madhubani (317) and Gaya per cent. It reaches even upto eighty fIVe per cent in (247) retain the maximum and minimum proponion of Madhubani district. degree holders respectively. 174 MAP 83 88' BIHAR LITERATES HOLDING U~IVERSITY DEGREE/DIPLOMA OF THE GRADUATE II LEVEL AND ABOVE 1981 Q L _, NUMBER OF LITERATES ." ..,. p NUMBER OF HOLDING III UNIVERSITY DEGREE/DIPLOMA OF " GRADUATE LEVEL AND ABOVE PER 10000 OF LITERATES 416 I: AIOVE 331 - 415 STATE AV ....COI o 246~lll FIGURES AT THE TOP OR AGAINST BOUNDARY, INTEIINAnoNAL S S " THE CIRCLE INDicATE TOTAL NUMBER 161 - 245 OF LITERATES STATE DISTRICT -.'_'_'_'_ KILOMETkES FIGURES INSIDE THE SECTORS INDICATE 20 PERCENTAGE SHARE OF RURI\t. AND 160 I: BELOW URBAN AREAS O U lEAST OF GkEENWICW 8i' 175 Map 84 CENSUS HOUSES AND THEIR USES 1981 The map shows the uses of census houses into dif dharamshala, tourist home ,etc. (1.64%) and factories, ferent purposes in the districts during 1981 census. The workshops and worksheds (0.88%) respectively. census houses have been classified into following categones according to their uses: The percentage of census houses used as residence varies between 94.69 in Saharsa to 86.86 in Patna which (i) Residence; is the highest and the lowest share respectively. Be sides, Bhojpur (89.34%) and Aurangabad (89.71 %) dis (ii) Shop-cum-residence, workshop-cum-residence tricts have also less than ninety per cent houses which including household industry; are used for residential purpose. In the remaining dis tricts its share is above ninety per cent. The use of (iii) Hotels, sarais, dharamshalas, tourist homes and census houses as shop-cum-resldence and inspection houses; restaurants, sweetmeat shops and workshops-cum-residence Including household In· eating places; places of entertainment and community dustry vary between 4.76 per cent in Santhal Pargana gathering (Panchayat Ghar) excluding place of wor to 1.71 per cent in Sitamarhl district. The north-western ship; (e.g. temple, church, mosque, gUrudWara etc.); districts have comparatively lower share of houses in this use. (iv) Shops excluding eating houses; business houses and office; The percentage of census houses used as hotel, sarai, dharamshala, tourists home, Inspection house, (v) Factories, workshops and worksheds. restaurants, sweetmeat shop etc. are very limited. Only in nine districts, its share is more than two per cent Five bars are drawn in proportion to total number of and most of them are located in central part of the state. census houses in the respective district and shaded Shops excluding eating houses, business houses and with different hatching. The absolute and percentage offices cover 5.40 per cent in Patna to 1.44 per cent in scale are shown at the left and right sides of the Santhal Pargana districts. The districts in north Bihar diagram. plain have relatively higher percentage of house In this category. The houses used as factories, workshops There are 10.37 million census houses occupied and worksheds are very limited. Theopercentage share during 1981 census houselisting operation in the state. is the highest In Patna (1.59%) district while It Is the Out of these, 92.06 per cent are used as residence fol lowest in Purba Champaran (0.32%) district.. Seventeen lowed by shop-cum-residence, workshop-cum districts have less than one per cent houses In this residence (2.88%), shops excluding eating houses, category. business houses and offices (2.54%), hotel, sarai, 176 MAP 84 I I I BIHAR CENSUS HOUSES AND THEIR USES 1981 _ '11.' B I H A R 100 10376400 80 .. OJIIIIIZb.._-= I 11111 IV V USES IU CENSUS HOUSES USED AS I • • rSlDrNCI SHOP· CUM·IlESlDI!NCE, WORIlSHO ... CUM. II. o _ESIDENCF INCLUDING IoIOUSEHDLO INDUSTRY nrilllllll IoIOTlLS, SAUlS, DHARAMSHALAS. TOURIST HOMES ANti INSPECTION HOUSES, fU.STAUftANT5, SWEETMI!AT 5HOPS AND EATING PLACES. PLACES OF ENTUTAINHENT AND COMMUNITY GATHERING CPANCHAYATGHAR) EXCLUDING PLACE OF WOI'SH" / o SHOPS EXCLUDING fATING HOUSES, IV. BUSINESS HOUlEs AND OFF.en FACTORIE5. WORKSHOPS AND WORI(SHECS SOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL s 5 vO .. STATE DISTRICT KILOMETRES 40 20 0 FIGURES GIVEN ON TOP OF DIAGRAMS INDICATE THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CENSUS HOUSES EXCLU()ING CENSUS KOlJ>ES VACANT AT THE TIME OF HOUSE LISTING AND CENSUS HOUSEl AS USED AS OTHERS I I I 84° EAST OF GREENWICH 177 Mapes AMENITIES IN URBAN HOUSEHOLDS 1981 The map shows the basic amenities available In Toilet - There are 52.95 per cent urban households urban households in each district during 1981 census. in the state where toilet is available within the premises. The urban households, In the respective district are rep Remaining households use either public tolet or open resented by small rhombus, each with a value of 2 000 space. Among all the districts. Muzaffarpur (76.85) households. These small rhombus are compiled retains the highest percentage of urban household with together to depict total number of urban households In this amenity. Other districts above state average ratio the respective district. The total area covered by the are Patna (69.38%). Gaya (62.50%), Darbhanga small rhombus in each district Is given three different (60.25%). Samastlpur (58.10%), Singhbhum (57.3ft), shades superimposing each other to show drinking Nalanda (56.20%), Ranchl (54.73%) and Siwan water, toilet and electricity. Colour and black shades (54.65%). Among all the districts below state average are used to distinguish the coverage of above amenities ratio, Saharsa (32.38%) and Purnla (34.22%), adjoining in the map. to each other have lower percentage of this amenity. Drinking water - It is the basic and most essential Electricity - Due to modernisation In urban living, the amenity needed in any household. There are only 49.73 need of electricity is felt in each household. Insplte 01 per cent urban households in Bihar possess this this, only 50.09 per cent urban 'households In the state amenity within premises. Eighteen districts retain have electricity. The households In urban centres lo higher percentage of urban households with drinking cated in the Industrial and mining belt In the SbIle, have water facility. Katihar district (64.50) has the highest higher percentage of electricity In comparfson to oIher percentage of urban households with drinking water areas. It Is the highest In Dhanbad (63.10%) dlslrfct f0l facility in the state followed by Slwan (63.25), Patna lowed by Muzaffarpur (61.68%), Hazarlbag (59.91%). (60.30), Nawada (57.63), Gaya (56.36), Pumia (56.30) Giridih (59.47%), Patna (56.67%). Singhbhum (56.59%) etc. On the other hand, Vaishali (26.02%) district has and Gaya (51.32%) whereas the lowest ratio remains in the lowest proportion of urban households with drink Valshall (24.30%). There are still eight districts in Bihar ing water within the premises. The above figures indi where two third urban households use traditional cate that nearly three quarters of the urban households means of lighting in their premises. in the above two districts fetch water from outside the house premises. 178 HAP 85 eaD BIHAR AMENITIES IN URBAN HOUSEHOLDS 1981 Q 1&1 o DRINKIN G WATER ~ TOILET Ell ElECHICITY n° s BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL -' - • - 5 EACH POCKET OF THE RHOMBUS REPRESENTS STATE 1000 HOUSEHOLDS KILOMETRES DISTRICT FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE RHOMBUS INDICATE 40100 40 TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS O M EAST OF GREINWICH 88° 179 Map 86 AMENITIES IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS 1981 The map shows the availability of drinking water and percentage of rural households having drinking water electricity within the premises of rural households in within premises. each district during 1981 census. The cartographic technique adopted in drawing of this map Is as per map ElectrlcHy - The rural households are much behind number 85. in the consumption of electricity. Only 3.48 per cent households in the state are electrified. Dhanbad Drinking water -In rural areas of the state only 18.62 (19.29). Rohtas (8.34). Patna (6.00). Munger (5.61). per cent households possess the facility of drinking Hazaribag (5.31) and Nawada (5.19) are the only dis water within the premises. In the districts. Siwan (36.82) tricts having more than five per cent rural households retains the highest percentage of rural households with having electricity. Besides. there are eight districts drinking waterfacDity followed by Saran (32.27). Purnia where less than two per cent rural households use (30.28). Saharsa (29.51). Katihar (28.60). Gopalganj electricity. Darbhanga (0.94%) district has the lowest (27.41) etc. whereas Singhbhum (5.95) has the lowest ratio of rural households with this amenity in the state ratio. Since wells are still the main source of drinking preceded by Sitamarhi (1.01%). Saran (1.21%). Purba water in rural areas. it is physically very difficult to main Champaran (1.41 %), Purnia (1.52%). Pashchim Cham tain this facility within the house premises. Even single paran (1.61 %). Saharsa (1.63%) and Santhal Pargana well serves the need of drinking water for a large num (1.91 %) districts. ber of households. This factor contributes in such a low 180 MAP 86 O lAO ..0 aa 1 , I BIHAR AMENITIES IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS 1981 " au o DRIN KIN G WATER ELECTRICITY o - 21° BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL s s EACH POCK ET OF TH E RHOMB US REPRESENTS .. STATE SOOO HOUSEHOLDS klLOHETRES .. DISTRICT FIGURES AT THE TOP Of TH E RHOM BUS INDICATE L:ZO I TOTAL NUHBER. OF HOUSEHOLD, I , I 0 ,,0 14 EAST OF c.a£ENW'CH •• 181 Map 87 RURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED 1981 The map depic_ts the number of rooms occupied by (11.49), Gopalganj (11~35), Sitamarhi (11.32) and Gaya rural households during 1981 census. The percentage (11.21). of rural households occupying (i) no exclusive room, (ii) one room, (iii) two rooms, (iv) three rooms, (v) more There are 211 339 main workers in urban areas in the than three rooms and (vi) unspecified number of rooms state possessing graduate, post graduate and techni is calculated from the total rural households in each dis cal degree or diploma equal to degree. These workers trict. Rhombus proportionate to total rural households, share 9.38 per cent of the total urban main workers. is drawn in each district and divided into 25 equal parts There is large variation in these workers among the dis each representing four per cent of rural households. tricts. The highest percentage in workers with above The pockets or parts thereof are shaded by colours ac educational levels is recorded in Muzaffarpur district cording to the percentage of rural households in the (18.23) whereas the lowest is observed in Vaishali above categories. The total number of rural (4.55). households is written at the top of each rhombus. The households having three rooms, cover 14.5 per cent of the total rural households in Bihar. The districts The percentage of household living in different num in northern, western and central part of the state pos ber of rooms vary considerably in the state. 37.2 per sess higher proportion of rural households in this cent households in the state have one room accom category. Aurangabad (20.4%) has the highest per modation. Eastern districts of Bihar plain retains higher centage of three rooms households in the state whereas percentage of households with one room whereas the Begusarai (8.1%) has the lowest. lower percentage is observed in western parts. It is the highest in Begusarai (56.3%) and the lowest in Rohtas In rural areas of the state, 16.3 per cent households (13.4%) districts. reside in more than three rooms accommodation. There is large variation among the districts having more There are 31.0 per cent rural households occupying than three rooms accommodation. Nawada district has two rooms in the state. The variation within the districts, 46.0 per cent rural households living in more than three in two rooms accommodation is not very significant. rooms which is the highest share in the state. Contrary Ranchi, with 37.0 per cent households, has the highest to this, Ka"tihar has 5.4 per cent rural household with share among the districts while Nawada, with 20.8 per more than three rooms house. Generally. the districts, cent is the lowest. located in central-west part of the state, depict higher Urban main workers with primary and middle educa percentage share in comparison to other areas. tional levels share 21.25 per cent in the state's total urban main workers. Its proportion varies between The percentage of rural households occupying 'no 15.56 per cent in Saharsa district and 24.98 per cent in exclusive room' and 'unspecified rooms' is 0.7 and 0.3 Santhal Pargana. respectively in the state. Its proportion is negligible in the districts. Nine districts depict one per cent or above 'Literates without eduCational levels' in the urban rural households with 'no exclusive room' whereas Roh main workers of the state constitute 9.39 per cent. The tas and Dhanbad are the only two districts, with 1.2 and percentage share is the maximum in Aurangabad 1.0 per cent of rural households with 'unspecified (14.97) district, followed by Nalanda (13.56), Siwan rooms' in the state. (12.62), Rohtas (12.38). Nawada (11.68), Vaishali 182 MAP 87 BIHAR NUMBER HOLDS By RURAL OCCUPIED 1981 OF HOUS~ROOM NOT TO SCALE NUMBER OF HOUSEtiOLDS 6OO z:zr000 - - :000- S L1VINGIN DTHREE ROOMS NOHOUSEHOLD EXCLUSIVE I' ROOM • MORE THAN ONEROOM D THREE ROO MS D TWOROOMS IOUNDARY, UNSPECIFIED 'ROOMS " STATE DISTRICT kilOMETRES " .O~~~~=~O ____.. 40 183 Map 88 URBAN HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED 1981 The map shows the distribution of households oc centage of urban households with two rooms accom- cupying 'no exclusive room' one, two, three, more than modation. " three and 'unspecified rooms' In urban areas of the dis tricts in Bihar state during 1981 census. The car The percentage of urban households occupying tographic technique adopted in drawing of this map is three rooms is limited to 13.7 per cent in the state. the same as map number 87. Nawada district has 18.9 per cent urban households living in three rooms accommodation which is the There are 36.7 per cent urban households in the state highest proportion in the state. Besides, Dhanbad living in one room accommodation. In the districts. a being an industrial centre, has only 9.0 per cent ratio in large scale variation is witnessed, Katihar (52.3) district this category which is the lowest. located in the north-eastern corner in the state, retains the highest percentage of urban household with one More than three rooms accommodation Is retained room accommodation whereas the lowest ratio remains by 16.0 per cent of the urban households in Bihar. in Nawada (22.8) district. Eighteen districts possess higher percentage than the state average. Nawada (32.7) district has the highest The two rooms accommodation is used by 32.0 per percentage of urban households In this category. cent urban households in the state. Giridih has ex -Dhanbad has 8.1 per cent of the urban households clusively very high percentage (42.7) of urban having more than three rooms which happen to be the households in this category. Other high ranking dis lowest figure. The percentage of urban households oc tricts are Hazaribag (37.5%), Ranchi (37.4%), cupying 'no exclusive room' and 'unspecified rooms' Singhbhum (35.5%), Dhanbad (35.2%) etc. This indi are negligible in the state. cates that Chotanagpur region has relatively higher per- 184 MAP 88 ,4" 86" 88 BIHAR URBAN HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED 1981 o CI . BIHAR 24 NOT TO SCALE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS w 200000 ---- 10000- HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN ,.. NO EXCLUSIVE ~ ROOM . D THREE ~OOMS ;"' MORETHAN D ONE HOOM ~ THREE ROOMS S BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL _. - ' - s D TWO ftOOMS UNSPECIFIED ROOMS .. STATE DISTRICT KILOMETRES 40 20 40 84' EAST OF GREfNWICH a6' 8ao 185 Map 89 PERSONS BY RURAL HOUSEHOLDS 1981 The map depicts the rural households in each district are noticed in Singhbhum (13.12) and Bhojpur (7.70) during 1981 census. Solid black vertical bars, propor districts respectively in the state. tionate to total number of households having one, two, three, four, five and six & more persons in rural areas The four members household is common feature are drawn in each district, as per legend in the map. among the districts of north Bihar plain and Singhbhum, Ranchi and Santhal Pargana districts of Chotanagpur There are 49.65 per cent rural households having region. The percentage figure is relatively higher in more than six persons living together in the state during these areas in comparison to other tracts. Singhbhum 1981 census. There Is sequential increase In the (16.18%) and Bhojpur (10.43%) districts again proportion of members in the households in state as repeat their respective positions in this category of well as in the districts. The percentage of rural households. households with one, two, three, four and five members are 4.1 0, 7.12, 10.07, 13.73 and 15.33 respectively in the The percentage of rural households with five mem state. The similar trend remains in the districts. The bers family, retains considerable share in all the districts percentage of rural households with one member is the of the state. There is little variation in this ratio, being highest in Dhanbad (8.49) and the lowest in Nalanda the highest in Ranchi (16.76), and the lowest in Bhojpur (2.89) districts. Generally the districts in Chotanagpur (12.29) districts respectively. region retain higher proportion than other areas with one member households. The largest proportion of population resides in the rural households comprising six and more members. The proportion of rural households having two mem Seventeen districts are below the state average bers have little variation among the districts. (49.65%). Besides, the western districts of Bihar state Singhbhum, with 9.38 per cent, rural households with have higher proportion of rural households in this two members is at the top whereas Nalanda, with 5.69 category. Bhojpur (59.66) district reveals the highest per cent, is at the bottom In the state. percentage of rural households with six and more mem bers in the entire state followed by Rohtas (58.83), The districts of the north Bihar plain, Ranchi and Siwan (58.82), Nalanda (57.52), Patna (57.44). Auran Singhbhum have relatively higher percentage of rural gabad (57.16) etc. Contrary to this, Singhbhum households with composition of three members. The (38.56%) and Ranchi (43.82%) districts have the lowest maximum and minimum percentages in this category ratio in this category of households. 186 MAP 89 II BIHAR PERSONS BY RURAL HOUSEHOLDS 198t Q ,I _, IA "...; J SANTHAL PARGANA (,,/ 100 . tOO ,_~ .) ...... i._.-\. f'·...(_ ..... J j .dI ...... '. ••• a r._· 100 " ...... " • a ( I 2 l ~ 5 ,... ( '1" J! I 1 3 4 5 6 J DHAN.AD . ..._.,...... "f ...... " I+. " S'. () t PALAMU (. HAZ"RIIAG r I.. 0 ? (' ( \.'·-·~i-.s \,"'1...) l.'r-.... JlOO i .. i 100 BIHAR "i ) ...... ~ 1 ,. \l~_ ••I 0 (•. '\'-.._._ ., • III 4 5 6+ _..... \ r' IU •lit /._./ -- i r'-~I'ooJ C,\, . 3200 .z: i \._ ~ ;"'. )...... ,.\. . \..... "._• ...,._._. {. 0 \ "'. ~ 2400 ._. }. I 2 l 4 S 6+ .\'\ ~ / SINGH.HUM < ""...... ,.1'.). o (,',-. r.'· .. '·...... ! ' 1600 \) '-." I • 1...... ,. BOO BOUNDARY. INTONATIONAL _. -' - s 5 STATE o DISTRICT kILOMET.ES 123456+ .. 2t 0 010 PERSONS PER HOUSEHOlD 14° EAST OF GRiINWICH 187 Map 90 PERSONS BY URBAN HOUSEHOLDS 1981 The map represents the picture of urban households The percentage of urban households having four by number of persons, In each district durl!lg 1981 cen members Is relatively higher than the previous three sus. The cartographic technique adopted in drawing of categories, But there is not much difference In propor this map is the same as per map number 89. tion within the Ctlstricts. Singhbhum, having 13.80 per cent of households with four members. Is at the top The percentage of urban households in different whereas Slwan. with 8.59 per cent Is at the bottom. categories varies considerably In the state. One mem ber households (8.92%) is higher than the two (7.63%) The five members household has higher percentage but lower to other categories. Besides, there is a share In comparison to the previous categories. The gradual increase in the proportion of members in the proportion of households In this category varies be household, being 8.95 per cent with three members, tween 15.07 to 10.35 per cent In the districts. The dis 11.68 with four, 13.32 with five and 49.50 with· six and tricts in southern and eastern parts of the state have more members In the state. It reveals that more than higher percentage share with five members households haif of the urban households have higher number of per than other areas. Singhbhum. with 15.07 per cent sons in family composition. SimHar pattern Is observed urban households with five members, has the highest in the districts also. shar" whUe the lowest remains in Nawada (10.35%) dis trict In this category. One member household in urban areas is the maximum In Dhanbad (15.56%) while the minimum in A very high percentage of urban households main Nalanda (4.03%) districts. Although the percentage of tains a family composition of six and more members in urban households with single member, is higher than all the districts. Twenty four districts in the state depict two in the state but still there are eleven districts where more than fifty per cent urban households with six and the second category of households is higher. The two more members. This ratio is the highest in Nalanda dis members household is the highest in Dhanbad trict, with 62,76 per cent. followed by Nawada (61.29). (10.36%) and the lowest In Nalanda (5.10%) districts. Siwan (60.75). Darbhanga (59.60). Saran (59.09), This fact reveals that single member migration Is higher Bhagalpur (58.99), Gaya (58.53), Muzaffarpur (58.42). than the spouse In urban areas. Valshall (57.22) etc. The lowest'percentage of urban households having six and more meIilbers Is noticed In The'three members household Is not very common Chotanagpur area. Dhanbad district retains 35.75 per in urban areas. There are thirteen districts where the cent share d six members household which Is the percentage In this category Is lower from either one or lowest In the entire state, It Is observed that the propor two members household. Dhanbad district again, with tion of six and more members household Is higher In 11.28 per cent. presents the highest share whereas the northern and western parts whOe It Is lower In southern lowest Is noted In Nalanda. with 5.86 per cent. Inciden parts. tally. the above two districts maintain the highest ahd the lowest rank in one and two members household also In the state. 188 HAP 90 .." BIHAR PERSONS BY URBAN HOUSEHOLDS 1981 '" Q c -III BIHAR 600 ~ :i:: 100 is o 6 :;~ 200 0 J: BOUNDARY. INTERNATIONAL s 5 STATE DISTRICT KILOMETRES I 1 3456+ ~ 10 40 PERSONS PER HOUSEHOLD a/ EAST OF GREENWICH 86" 88" 189 Map 91 MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS PER 10000 OF CENSUS HOUSES 1981 The map shows number of medical Institutions per highest rank within this ~nge whereas Nalanda and 10000 of census houses In the districts of state during Muzaffarpur, with 0.92 each, are at the last. 1981. The proportion of medical Institutions is calcu lated for each district and arranged into fIVe suitable ran The medical Institutions in the range of 0.71 - 0.90 are ges from high to low order. Districts In each range are spread over in ten districts. This range also covers the hatched by chorop!eth technique as shown in the state average. The districts In this category are scat legend of the map. tered In all geographical regions. Among these dis tricts, Rohtas (0.90) has the highest proportion of The ratio of medical institutions per 10000 of census medical institutions followed by Santhal Pargana (0.89), houses Is 0.88 in the state during 1981 census. Fifteen Singhbhum (0.85). Begusarai (0.81) and Saharsa (0.78). districts are above this ratio whereas the remaining lag behind .. Among the districts in the state, Patna (1.31) The ratio of medical institutions below state average has the highest number of medical Institutions per 10 has been depicted under the range of 0.51 - 0.70 and 000 of census houses followed by Ranchl (1.21) and 0.50 & below. Altogether eight districts comprise In the Hazarlbag (1.14). The above three districts fall In the above ranges. These districts form a compact belt in highest range of 1.11 & above. the western part of the north Bihar plain. Gopalganj (0.49) district has the lowest number of medical institu There are ten districts possessing number of medi tions per 10 000 of census houses in the entire state cal Institutions in the range of 0.91 - 1.10. Most of the preceded by Pashchim Champaran (0.55). Samastlpur districts are centrally located. Bhojpur and Nawada, (0.65). Vaishali & Darbhanga (0.67 each). Purba Cham with a ratio of 1.10 medical Institutions each, are at the paran & Sltarnarhi (0.68 each) and Saran (0.69) respec tively. _190 MAP" .8 BIHAR MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS PER 10000 OF CENSUS HOUSES 1981 Q L ..,. ,. 10 .. .. NUM.EIl OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS PElt 10000 OF CENSUS HOUSES 1.11 a QOVI •. " - I." o ITAT! AYlRAGE rJ 0.71-1-. - 0." n° BOUNDAIIV, INTIIINATIONAL S 5 0.51 - Me IIILOMITlUII 1 T r , 0.50 a HLOW _o 14° lAST O. GUlNWlQI 191 Map 92 HOSPITAL BEDS PER 100000 OF POPULATION 1981 The map depicts the availability of hospital beds per (39). Santhal Pargana (38) and Munger (32) are close lakh of population In the districts of state as In Decem ly located whereas Bhojpur (44). Gaya (44) and Muzaf ber 1982. The number of hospital beds per lakh of farpur (37) are scattered In the state. population has been calculated In respect of each dis trict and arranged Into five suitable ranges and are The highest number of districts (13) are covered hatched accordingly. under the range of 16 to 30. These districts are scat tered in all regions of the state. The variations In the The availability of beds per lakh of population Is 42 number of hospital beds among the districts is not very only In the state. Among the districts. it ranges between slgnHlcant In this range. GopalganJ. Saran and Pumla. 170 to 8 beds Indicating a large variation. The two with seventeen beds each. have lower ratio whereas higher ranges of 61 & above and 46 - 60 cover six dis Palamu. with twenty fIVe beds, has the highest. tricts only. Out of these. four are situated in Chotanag pur plateau only. Ranchi district (170) Is well placed In The lowest number of hospital beds per lakh of this facility having the highest number of hospital beds population in the range of 15 & below remains Into six per lakh of population followed by Patna (154). Dhan districts. Except Aurangabad. the remaining are lo: bad (1l3). Darbhanga (59). Singhbhum (51) and cated In north Bihar. plain. Slwan district has eight Hazaribag (48). The above -dIstricts retain higher hospital t?eds avaUable.per Iakh of population which is proportion of medical institutions also which Is the con the lowest ratio In the entire state preceded by Sltamar tributing factor in this ratio. hi (10). Aurangabad (11). Valshalf (13). Sarnastlpur (14) and Madhubanl (15). The number of hospital beds In the range of 31 - 45 is limited to six districts only. Out of these. Bhagalpur 192 MAP n IA' fill' BIHAR HOSPITAL BEDS PER 100000 .. OF POPULATION 1981 o A 2 • ., ..,. ., III a NUMBER OF HOSPITAL BEDS PER 100000 OF POPULATION _ " a don _ 46 _ to STAT! AVIRAGI o ~ II -_-.-..- 41 IOUNOAI.,. INTlIlNATJOIIIAI. _. _. _ S S A :If STAn _._._.- ~" DISTIUCT _._._._._ KllOMITIIU td'-:- r T • 15 a IILOW 193 Map 93 PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRES PER 100 000 OF POPULATION 1981 The map shows the number of primary health centres nine districts. The state average figure also falls In this per lakh of population In the dlst~lcts of Bihar during category. These districts are located In all regions of 1981 census. The number of primary health centres per the state. Ranchi and Singhbhum. closely situated dis lakh of population Is calculated in case of each district tricts. have retained 0.94 primary health centre each. and grouped Into five suitable ranges and are hatched being the highest within this range while Pumia (0.75) according to the legend In the map. presents the lowest ratio in this regard. The remaining districts have little variation. There are 635 primary health centres In Bihar during 1981. The ratio of primary health centres per lakh of The low ratio of primary health centres has been population Is 0.91 In the state. Among the districts. shown under the range of 0.55 - 0.74 and 0.54 & below. Pashchlm Champaran (2.48) has the highest proportion These ranges contain seven and five districts respec of primary health centres followed by Palamu (1.88). tivelyand these districts are located in a sporadic man Saran (1.78). Nalanda (1.22). Aurangabad (1.21). San ner. Begusaral has only 0.21 primary health centre per thai Pargana (1.18). Rohtas (1.10). Nawada (1.09). lakh of population which Is the lowest ratio In the entire Muzaffarpur (1.06) and Hazarlbag (1.05). The above state preceded by Sitamarhl & Saharsa (0.41 each). districts comprise In the range of 1.15 & above (6) and Ohanbad (0.43). Oarbhanga (0.50). Samastlpur (0.61). 0.95 - 1.14 (4). These districts are scattered In all Bhojpur (0.62). Glridlh (0.64), GopalganJ _& -Vaishall geographical regions. (0.66 each). Munger (0.69) and Bhagalpur (0.72) respectively. The number of primary health centres per lakh of population. In the range of 0.75 - 0.94 Is distributed In 194 HAP 91 a' BIHAR PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRES PER 100000 OF POPULATION 1981 Q L u.' 1 ".,. III NUMBER OF PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRES PER 100 000 "1ft OF POPULATION _ 1.15" A80VE 1.14 .0.'5- STATE AVERAGE ~ - _ _;_;__ 0091 E:§l 0.75 - 0.94 _ 0.15 - 0.74 BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL _. - • - s S STATE _._._._ DISTRICT KILOMETRES _ 0.54 & BELOW .., 20 40 . 14 EAST OF CREENWICH a' 195 ANNEXURE-A COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCKS 1981 BIHAR Code No. Dlstrict/C.D. Block Code No. District/C.D. Block 1. PATNA DISTRICT 2. NALANDA DISTRICT 1 (a) Patna rural (a) 1 Bihar 1 (b) Palna rural (b) 2 Giriak 2 Fatwah 3 Rajgir 3 Phulwari 4 Noorsarai 4 Punpun 5 Rahui 5 Dhanarua 6 Harnaut 6 Masaurhi 7 Asthawan 7 DinapuJ-cum-Khagaul 8 Sarmera 8 Naubatpur 9 Hilsa 9 Paliganj 10 Chandi 10 Bikram 11 Ekangarsarai 11 Bihta 12 Islampur 12 Maner 3. NAWADA DISTRICT 13 Barh Nawada 14 Bakhtiarpur 2 Akbarpur 15 Pandarak ' 3 Narhat 16 Mokameh 4 Hisua 197 Cod. No. District/C.D. Block Code No. Dlstrict/C.D. Block 5 Warisaliganj 18 Barachatti 6 Pakrl Barawan 19 Jehanabad 7 Kawakole 20 Makhdumpur 8 Goblndpur 21 Kurtha 9 Rajauli 22 Karpi 10 Sirdala 23 Arwal 4. GAYA DISTRICT 24 Kako 1 Gaya town C.O. Block 25 Ghosl 2 Bodh Gaya .5. AURANGABAD DISTRICT 3 Sherghati 1 Aurangabad 4 Arnas 2 Deo 5 lmamganj 3 Kutumba 6 ournaria 4 Nabinagar 7 Gurua 5 Barun 8 Paraiya 6 Obra 9 Konch 7 Oaudnagar 10 Tikarl 8 Haspura 11 Belaganj 9 Goh 12 Khlzlrsaral 10 Ratiganj 13 Atrl 11 Madanpur 14 Manpur 6. ROHTAS DISTRICT 15 Wazlrganj 1 Sasaram 16 Fatehpur 2 Rohtas 17 Mohanpur 3 Nawhatta 198 Code No. District/C.D. Block Code No. District/C.D. Block 4 Sheosagar 5 Shah pur 5 Chenari 6 Barhara 6 Kargahar 7 Koilwar 7 Dinara 8 Sandesh 8 Dawath 9 Sahar 9 Bikramganj 10 Charpokhri 10 Karakat 11 Tarari 11 Nasriganj 12 Piro 12 Dehri 13 Bwear 13 Nokha 14 ltarhl 14 Bhabua 15 Rajpur 15 Bhagwanpur 16 Simri 16 Adhaura 17 Barhampur 17 Chainpur 18 Dumraon 18 Chand 19 Nawanagar 19 Durgawatl 8; SARAN DISTRICT 20 Ramgarh 1 Chapra 21 Mohania 2 Revelganj 22 Kudra 3 Jalalpur 7. BHOJPUR DISTRICT 4 Manjhl 1 Arrah 5 Ekrna 2 Udwantnagar 6 Baniapur 3 Jagdishpur 7 Mashrakh 4 Behea 8 Taraiya 199 Code No. Dlstrlct/C.D. Block Code No. Dlstrict/C.D. Block 9 Marhaura 10. GOPALGANJ, DISTRICT 10 Amnour 1 Gopalganj 11 Parsa 2 Manjha 12 Oarlapur 3 Uchkagaon 13 Sonepur 4 Hathua 14 Olghwara 5 Bhorey 15 Garkha 6 Bljalpur 9. SIWAN DISTRICT 7 Katlya 1 Siwan 8 Kuchaikote 2 Hussalnganj 9 Barauli 3 Andar 10 Baikunthpur 4 Oaraull 11. PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN DISTRICT 5 Guthanl 1 Bettlah 6 Mairwa 2 Nautan 7 Barharla 3 Balrla 8 Pachruktli 4 Jogapatti 9 Goriakothi 5 Chanpatia 10 Basantpur 6 Narkatiaganj 11 Bhagwanpur Hat 7 Gaunaha 12 Maharajganj 8 Mainatanr 13 Oaraundha 9 Sikta 14 Siswah 10 Majhaulia 15 Raghunathpur 11 Bagaha 200 Code No. District/C.D. Block Code Ho. Distrlct/C.D. Block 12 Thakrahan 19 Mehsi 13 Madhubanl 20 Chakla (Pipra) 14 Sid haw 13. SITAMARHI DISTRICT 15 Ramnagar 1 Dumra 16 Lauriya 2 Runisaidpur 12. PURBA CHAMPARAN DISTRICT 3 Belsand 1 Motlharl 4 Sheohar 2 Turkaulia 5 Plprarhi 3 Kalyanpur 6 Bairganla 4 Kesaria 7 Majorganj 5 Areraj 8 Riga 6 Harsldihl 9 Bathnaha 7 Paharpur 10 Sonbarsa 8 Sugaull 11 Parihar 9 Ramgarhwa 12 Sursand 10 Raxaul 13 Pupri 11 Adapur 14 Nanpur 12 Narkatla 15 Bajpatti 13 Ghorasahan 14. MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT 14 Dhaka 1 Musahri 15 . Chiraiya 2 Minapur 16 Patahi 3 Bochaha 17 Pakridayal 4 Aurai 18 Madhuban ·5 Katra 201 Code No. Dlstrict/C.D. Block Code No. Dlstrict/C.D. Block 6 Gaighattl 3 Barauni 7 Dholi (Moraul) 4 Teghra 8 Sakra 5 Bachhwara 9 Kurhani 6 Bhagwanpur 10 Kanti 7 Cherla Bariarpur 11 Saraiya 8 Khudabandpur 12 ParDo 9 Bakhri 13 Sahebganj 10 Balla 14 Baruraj 11 Sahebpur Kamal 15. VAISHALI DISTRICT 17. SAMASTIPUR DISTRICT HaJipur Samastipur 2 Lalganj 2 Sarairanjan 3 Vaishali 3 Tajpur Morwa 4 Goraul 4 Pusa 5 Mahua 5 Kalyanpur 6 Patepur 6 Warisnagar 7 Jandaha 7 Ujiarpur 8 Mahnar 8 Dalsinghsarai 9 Sahdai Buzurg (Desari) 9 Mohiuddinagar 10 Bidupur 10 Patori 11 Raghopur 11 Rosera 16. BEGUSARAI DISTRICT 12 Singhia . Begusarai 13 Hasanpur 2 Matihani 14 Bibhutpur 202 Code No. District/C.D. Block Code No. District/C.D. Block 18. DARBHANGA DISTRICT 11 Rajnagar 1 Darbhang_a 12 Pandaul 2 Bahadurpur 13 Jhanjharpur 3 Hayaghat 14 Andhratharhi 4 Singhwara 15 Laukaha 5 Jale 16 Laukahi 6 Keotiranway 17 Phulparas 7 Manigachhi 18 Madhepur 8 Baheri 20. SAHARSA DISTRICT 9 Benipur f Kahara 18 Ghanshyampur 2 Simri Bakhtiarpur 11 Biraul 3 Mahishi 12 Kusheshwar Asthan 4 Nauhatta 19. MADHUBANI DISTRICT 5 Sour Bazar Madhubani 6 Sonbarsa 2 Bisfi 7 Salkhua 3 Benipatti 8 Supaul 4 Madhwapur 9 Marauna 5 Harlakhi 10 Kishanpur 6 Basopatti 11 Pipra 7 Khajauli 12 Tribeniganj 8 Jainagar 13 Basantpur 9 Ladania 14 Chhatapur 10 Babu Barhi 15 Raghopur 203 Code No. District/C.D. Block Code No. District/C.D. Block 16 Nirmali 16 Forbesganj 17 Madhepura 17 Kursakatta~ 18 Singheshwar 18 Sikti 19 Kumarkhand 19 Palasi 20 Murliganj 20 Jokihat 21 Kishanganj 21 Kishanganj 22 Chausa 22 Kochadhamin 23 Alamnagar 23 Bahadurganj 21. PURNIA DISTRICT 24 Terhagachh 1 Purnia East 25 Dighalbank 2 Krityanandnagar 26 Thakurganj 3 Dhamdaha 27 Pothia 4 Rupauli 22. KATIHAR DISTRICT 5 Bhawanipur 1 Katihar 6 Barhara 2 Pranpur 7 Banmankhi 3 Manihari 8 Kasba 4 Barari 9 Amour 5 Falka 10 Baisa 6 Korha 11 Baisi 7 Kadwa 12 Araria 8 Balrampur 13 Raniganj 9 Barsoi 14 Bhargama 10 Azamnagar 1,5 NarpatganJ 11 Amdabad Code No. District/C.D. Block Code No. District/C.D. Block 205 Code No. District/C.D. Block Code No. District/C.D. Block 20 Barahat 22 Godda 21 Bausl 23 Poreyahat 25. SANTHAL PARGANA DISTRICT 24 Pathargama Dumka 25 Mahagama 2 Ranishwar 26 Meherma 3 Masalia 27 Boarijor 4 Jama 28 Sundarpahari 5 Jarmundi 29 Sahibganj 6 Saraiyahat 30 Taljhari 7 Ramgarh 31 Rajmahal 8 Gopikandar 32 Barharwa 9 Kathikund 33 Pathna 10 Shikaripara 34 Barhait 11 Jamtara 35 Borio 12 Narayanpur 36 Pakaur 13 Nala 37 Maheshpur 14 Kundahit 38 Pakuria 15 Deoghar 39 Amrapara 16 Madhupur 40 Litipara 17 Mohanpur 41 Hiranpur 18 Sarwan 26. DHANBAD DISTRICT 19 Pal6jori Dhanbad-cum-Kenduadih-cum-Jagta 20 Sarath 2 Jharia-cum-Jorapokhar-cum-Sindri 21 Karon 3 Gobindpur 206 Code No. District/C.D. Block Code No. District/C.D. Block 4 Tundi 17 Gumia 5 Nirsa-cum-Chirkunda 18 Nawadih 6 Baliapur 28. HAZARIBAG DISTRICT 7 Baghmara-cum-Katras Hazaribag 8 Chandankiyari 2 Churchu 9 Chas 3 Barkagaan 10 Tapchanchi 4 Keredari 27. GIRIDIH DISTRICT 5 Katkamsandi 1 Giridih 6 Ichak 2 Pirtanr 7 Barhi 3 Dumri 8 Bishungarh 4 Bagodar 9 Mandu 5 Bimi 10 Gala 6 Dhanwar 11 Ramgarh 7 Gawan 12 Patratu .. 8 Tisri 13 Chatra 9 Deari 14 Simaria 10 Jamua 15 Pratappur 11 Bengabad 16 Hunterganj 12 Gande 17 Itkhari 13 Berma 18 Tandwa 14 Jaridih 19 Kodarma 15 Kasmar 20 Jainagar 16 Petarbar 21 Chauparan 207 Code No. DIstrlct/C.D. Block Code No. District/C.D. Block 22 Satgawan 25 Meral (Pipra Kalan) 23 Markacho 30. RANCH I DISTRICT 24 Barkatha 1 Kanke 29. PALAMU DISTRICT 2 Namkum Oaltonganj 3 Ratu 2 Chainpur (Bashandi) 4 Bero 3 Bishrampur 5 Lapung 4 Hussainabad 6 Chanho 5 Hariharganj 7 Mandar 6 Chhatarpur 8 Burmu 7 Patan 9 Ormanjhi 8 Manatu 10 Angara 9 Panki 11 Silli 10 Leslieganj 12 Khunti 11 Latehar 13 Murhu 12 Garu 14 Rania 13 Mahuadanr 15 Torpa 14 Barwadih 16 Karra 15 Manika 17 Bundu 16 Balumath 18 Sonahatu 17 Chandwa 19 Tamar 1 18 Garhwa 20 Erki (Tamar II) 19 Ranka 21 Simdega 20 Bhandaria 22 Kolebira 21 Ohurki 22 Untari 23 Bano 23 Bhawanathpur ~4 Jaldego 24 Majhiaon· 25 Thethaitangar 208 Code No. Distrlct/C.D. Block Code No. District/C.D. Block 26 Bolba 8 Tonto 27 Kurdeg 9 Noamundi lSaraJamda) 28 Gumla 10 Manoharpur 29 Palkot 11 Goilkera 30 Aaldih 12 Sonua 31 Chainpur 13 Bangaon 32 Dumri 14 Chakradharpur 33 Bishunpur 15 Khuntpani 34 Ghaghra 16 Seraikela 35 Sisai 17 Kharsawan 36 Verno 18 Kuchai 37 Kamdara 19 Chandil 38 Basia 20 Ichagarh 39 Lohardaga 21 Nimdih 40 Senha 22 Adityapur (Gamaria) 41 Kisko 23 Gobindpur 42 Kuru 24 Golmuri-cum-Jugsalai 43 Bhandra 25 Potka 31. SINGHBHUM DISTRICT 26 Patamda 1 Chaibasa 27 Ghatshila 2 Tantnagar 28 Dalbhumgarh 3 Manjhari 29 Chakulia 4 Kumardungi 30 Baharagora 5 Majhgaon 31 Dumaria 6 Jagannathpur 32 Musabani 7 Jhinkpani 209