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Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Tarifa, Teresa; Azurduy, Carola; Vargas, Renzo R.; Huanca, Noemí; Terán, Jehizon; Arriaran, Greissy; Salazar, Claudia; Terceros, Lenny OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF Abrocoma sp. (RODENTIA, ABROCOMIDAE) IN A Polylepis WOODLAND IN BOLIVIA Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 16, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2009, pp. 253-258 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45712055026 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Mastozoología Neotropical, 16(1):253-258, Mendoza, 2009 ISSN 0327-9383 ©SAREM, 2009 Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 http://www.sarem.org.ar OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF Abrocoma sp. (RODENTIA, ABROCOMIDAE) IN A Polylepis WOODLAND IN BOLIVIA Teresa Tarifa1*, Carola Azurduy2**, Renzo R. Vargas2***, Noemí Huanca2, Jehizon Terán2, Greissy Arriaran2, Claudia Salazar2, and Lenny Terceros2 1 Colección Boliviana de Fauna, La Paz, Bolivia; Current address: 3407 Fairoaks Circle, Caldwell, Idaho 83605, U.S.A. *[Corresponding author: <[email protected]>]. 2 Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Casilla 538, Cochabamba, Bolivia; **Current addresses: Gothenburg Natural History Museum, 402 35 Gothenburg, Box 7283, Sweden and Sagogången 1 422 45 Hisings Backa, Sweden; ***Current address: Laboratorio de Ecología Terrestre, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile. ABSTRACT: We report four opportunistic field observations of a species of Abrocoma in Polylepis besseri woodlands in Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. These observations sug- gest four significant aspects of Abrocoma sp. natural history: 1) they have arboreal activity, 2) they may be specialized herbivores that feed on Polylepis leaves, 3) they have diurnal activity, and 4) they have docile behavior. These observations represent the first descrip- tions of aspects of the behavior and ecology of an abrocomid in Bolivia, and also suggest that Polylepis woodlands, a threatened Andean habitat, may provide an important habitat for specialized mammal herbivores such as Abrocoma sp. RESUMEN: Observaciones sobre la historia natural de Abrocoma sp. (Rodentia, Abrocomidae) en un bosque de Polylepis en Bolivia. Reportamos cuatro observaciones de campo ocasionales de una especie de Abrocoma en un bosque de Polylepis besseri en el Departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia. Estas observaciones sugieren cuatro aspectos significativos sobre la historia natural de Abrocoma sp.: 1) tienen actividad arbórea 2) podrían ser herbívoros especializados que se alimentan de hojas de Polylepis, 3) tienen actividad diurna y 4) tienen un comportamiento dócil. Estas observaciones son las primeras sobre el comportamiento y la ecología de un abrocómido en Bolivia y sugieren que los bosques de Polylepis, un hábitat amenazado, constituirían un importante hábitat para mamíferos herbívoros especializados como Abrocoma sp. Key words. Abrocoma. Bolivia. Natural history. Polylepis woodlands. Palabras clave. Abrocoma. Bolivia. Bosques de Polylepis. Historia natural. Observations on the natural history of organ- system levels; it is also at the roots of modern isms are sometimes considered of little sig- evolutionary biology, ecology, wildlife man- nificance and a part of old-fashioned science. agement, conservation biology, and nature However, knowledge of natural history is at appreciation (Bartholomew, 1986; Wilson, the core of science; it allows researchers in 2000; Greene, 2005; Schmidly, 2005; Willson other branches of biology to develop novel and Armesto, 2006). and meaningful hypotheses, to design signifi- We report here four opportunistic field ob- cant field experiments and observations, and servations of a possible new species of to facilitate syntheses from organismal to eco- Abrocoma in Polylepis besseri woodlands in 254 Mastozoología Neotropical, 16(1):253-258, Mendoza, 2009 T Tarifa et al. http://www.sarem.org.ar Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. These ob- the presence of Polylepis trees (Yensen and servations represent the first descriptions of Tarifa, 1993; Tarifa and Yensen, 2001; Vargas, the behavior and ecology of an abrocomid in 2001; Yensen and Tarifa, 2002; Moya, 2003; Bolivia, and they have four significant impli- Vargas, 2005; Tarifa et al., 2007). However, cations for the knowledge and understanding some species appear to use the woodlands as of the biology of this species and abrocomids a refuge (e.g., Hippocamelus antisensis: Tarifa in general: 1) arboreal activity, 2) specialized and Yensen, 2004). herbivory, 3) diurnal activity, and 4) docile Our observations occurred in P. besseri behavior. These observations also suggest that woodlands of Sach’a Loma [also spelled Sacha Polylepis woodlands may provide an impor- Loma] and Quturi [also spelled Cuturi] located tant habitat for specialized herbivorous mam- ca. 12 km SW of Pocona, Mizque Province, mals such as Abrocoma sp., adding to the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia (ca. 17º 44’ importance of conserving this threatened habi- S, 65º 34’ W). Both sites were located be- tat in Andean countries. tween 3600 and 4000 m elevation in Polylepis Abrocomid rodents are endemic to South woodlands on steep mountainsides in the Cor- America. With the exception of a few studies dillera de Cochabamba. The average annual of Abrocoma vaccarum from Argentina and temperature at Sach’a Loma is ca. 8.7ºC, with Abrocoma bennetti from Chile (Braun and an average minimum temperature of 1.7ºC and Mares, 1996), the natural history of abrocomids maximum of 19.3ºC. The average annual pre- is poorly known. Abrocomids are considered cipitation is 721 mm (Fernández et al., trap-shy and apparently disinterested in all 2001). types of baits (Braun and Mares, 1996). As a The woodland fragments where the obser- consequence, they continue to be poorly rep- vations occurred have abundant rocky outcrops resented in museum collections and their ecol- of glacial origin locally called “salles.” The ogy and behavior remain largely unknown. woodlands have three clearly differentiated Abrocomidae currently consists of two gen- strata: trees from 2 to 6 m tall, shrubs 1 to 2 era: Abrocoma, with eight recognized species m high, and undergrowth up to 0.5 m. The (Braun and Mares, 2002; Woods and latter consisted of forbs, ferns, and grasses. Kilpatrick, 2005), and the recently described The arboreal stratum was completely domi- Cuscomys, with two species: C. ashaninka nated by P. besseri besseri (Fernández et al., (Emmons, 1999) and C. oblativus [= 2001). Abrocoma oblativa] long considered extinct The small mammals of Sach’a Loma have (Eaton, 1916), but possibly still extant been studied by Vargas (2001) and Moya (Emmons, 1999). Abrocoma boliviensis was (2003), and in both studies Abrocoma sp. was considered to be Cuscomys by Verzi and collected and voucher specimens deposited in Quintana (2005); herein we have maintained the mammal collection at the Centro de it as A. boliviensis to be consistent with the Biodiversidad y Genética (CBG) at the current checklist (Woods and Kilpatrick, Universidad Mayor de San Simón. Abrocoma 2005). In Bolivia, Abrocomidae is currently sp. was the largest of the 8 species of rodents represented by two species: Abrocoma cinerea reported from Sach’a Loma and was the only and A. boliviensis (Anderson, 1997; Salazar- species of abrocomid. Voucher specimens of Bravo et al., 2003). Abrocoma sp. from Sach’a Loma were com- Polylepis woodlands are one of the most pared to the holotype of C. ashaninka and endangered habitats in Bolivia and other specimens of A. boliviensis, A. cinerea, and Andean countries (Fjeldså, 2002; Ibisch et al., A. bennetti and the descriptions of both gen- 2003; Kessler, 1995, 2002). Previous studies era in Emmons (1999), Glanz and Anderson of mammals in Polylepis woodlands have re- (1990) and Verzi and Quintana (2005). The ported that most species have wide distribu- voucher specimens agreed with Abrocoma in tions that are apparently not directly related to 12 of 16 cranial characters compared. NATURAL HISTORY OF Abrocoma sp. 255 In May 2000, a female Abrocoma was cap- one of us reached out and touched the tured at Sach’a Loma in a Sherman trap baited Abrocoma on its hind feet, dorsum and belly. with a mixture of oats, peanut butter, tuna, When one of us tried to grasp the animal, it and vanilla scent. We kept the animal in cap- escaped and sought refuge within a pile of tivity for three days before we liberated it. rocks nearby. During the days in captivity the Abrocoma During October or November 2003, we showed a very docile character. The first day observed an Abrocoma sp. at Quturi between the Abrocoma escaped from the bag where it 12:00 and 13:00. The animal was on a low was kept, and was standing up and looking branch in a small P. besseri tree ca. 1.5 m tall. around without fleeing. When we tried to catch The Abrocoma sp. was feeding on shoots and the animal, it started to escape; however, the young leaves of Polylepis. It was rising up on animal moved slowly, so it was easy to recap- two feet to reach its food. Moving slowly when ture by hand. The second day we took the it felt threatened, it just shrank and camou- Abrocoma out in order to clean the bag. The flaged itself in the foliage–making itself like a Abrocoma did not try to escape or bite us. type of little ball–and it did not move until it The third day, because the animal had been in was more tranquil. the bag for many hours, we decided to take it During the period of observation, the out for some sunlight. We put the Abrocoma Abrocoma moved slowly along the branches on a big rock. It escaped but it did not go very on the lower part of the tree while eating shoots fast, so we were able to catch it by hand again.
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    Government Government Government of Bolivia of Colombia of Peru COCA CULTIVATION IN THE ANDEAN REGION A survey of Bolivia, Colombia and Peru June 2008 UNODC's Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme (ICMP) promotes the development and maintenance of a global network of illicit crop monitoring systems in the context of the illicit crop elimination objective set by the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Drugs. It provides overall coordination and direct technical support and supervision to UNODC supported annual illicit crop surveys at the country level. This reports presents the results of the annual coca cultivation surveys in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru, which were conducted jointly by UNODC (ICMP) and the respective Governments. The Regional Overview chapter was compiled by ICMP experts in Vienna. The analysis provided takes into account additional data sources and does not necessarily reflect the views of the three Governments. Unless otherwise specified, all figures presented in this report come from the respective national Governments in the context of national monitoring systems supported by UNODC. The implementation of UNODC's Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme in the Andean region was made possible thanks to financial contributions from the Governments of Austria, Colombia, France, the United States of America, and from the European Commission. This report and other ICMP survey reports can be downloaded from: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/crop-monitoring/index.html The boundaries, names and designations used in all maps in this document do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. This document has not been formally edited. CONTENTS PART 1.