DOCSLIB.ORG

Performance of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria Sterna

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Performance of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria Sterna Aquaculture 524 (2020) 735267 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquaculture journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aquaculture Performance of the winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna (GOULD, 1851), implanted for half-pearl (mabé) production in two size groups T ⁎ Luis Freitesa,b, , Franklin Jaraa, María Gregoria, Adrián Márquezc, Pedro E. Saucedod, César Lodeirosb,e a Universidad Estatal de la Península de Santa Elena, Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Ecuador b Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado Postal 245, Cumaná 6101, Venezuela c Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador d Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. La Paz, Baja California Sur 23000, Mexico e Grupo de Investigación en Biología y Cultivo de Moluscos, Escuela de Acuicultura y Pesquerías, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Bahía de Caráquez, Manabí, Ecuador ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: This study generated baseline information relative to overall performance of the winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna Aquaculture implanted at two groups (small and large) for half-pearl (mabé) production. This is a suitable technology to Growth optimize the pearl production in the tropical coasts of Ecuador. The yield and quality of mabé pearl produced, as Implantation well as oyster condition index, increase in oyster survival, shell size and mass of tissues, and environmental Mabé variables were examined in this study. From 120 oysters used, 65 were of small size (25 nucleated, 25 non- Survival nucleated and 15 for the initial sample; initial average shell length of 64.7 ± 5.3 mm; ~6 months old) and 55 Pearl oyster were of large size (20 nucleated, 20 non-nucleated and 15 for the initial sample; 78.0 ± 5.8 shell length cm; ~10 months old). Hemispherical plastic nuclei (12.5 mm base diameter, 7 mm height) were used. All groups of oysters were anesthetized with 1% Eugenol and cultivated for five months (May through October 2017). At the end of the trials, only one dead oyster occurred in the small size group. A high percentage (29.2%) of adductor muscle over-growth on the nuclei occurred in small oysters, probably caused by the relatively fast growth rate (≥8 mm in 5 months). A lower percentage of muscle over-growth on the nuclei (5.6%), thicker nacre deposition, and higher occurrence of regular-shaped mabé pearls were observed in large oysters, compared to small oysters. This study suggests that large oysters (> 80 mm) should be preferably used for half-pearl production in P. sterna to ensure the highest quality standards for commercialization. 1. Introduction exploited to produce cultured pearls. This process, which has changed little since then, provides the basis for an industry with increasing Pteria sterna (Gould, 1851), commonly known as the rainbow pearl growth and value with different bivalve species (e.g. Pinctada spp., oyster or winged pearl oyster, is a marine bivalve (Pteriidae family) Pteria spp.) and gastropod species (Haliotis spp.). Today, pearl culture inhabiting the subtidal zone (Álamo and Valdivieso, 1997), from the exists as a consolidated or growing industry in countries such as Fiji lowest tide to 23 m depth (Mora, 1990). The species adheres to hard (Kishore et al., 2015), Tonga (Gordon et al., 2018, 2019), Mexico substrates (rocks, gorgonid corals and submerged metallic structures), (Saucedo et al., 1998; Ruiz-Rubio et al., 2006), and Chile (Rojas- coarse sand, and mangroves (Monteforte, 2005; Ordinola et al., 2010). Figueroa et al., 2019). Despite this, the worldwide industry related to Its distribution extends along a wide range of temperate, subtropical, the production, sale, and marketing of cultured pearls has mostly relied and tropical coasts of the Pacific Ocean, from the upper Gulf of Cali- on three pearl oyster species of the genus Pinctada: Pinctada fucata, P. fornia (in Mexico) to Peru (Keen, 1971; Arízpe, 1992; Álamo and margaritifera, and P. maxima (Taylor and Strack, 2008). Although Valdivieso, 1997; Ordinola et al., 2010). Ecuador has high potential for the development of a similar industry Since the 1900s, the ability of mantle tissue of different pearl oyster due to the natural occurrence of P. sterna and mother-of-pearl Pinctada species to secrete prismatic nacre layers has been commercially mazatlanica, there is little local information of their basic ⁎ Corresponding author at: Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado Postal 245, Cumaná 6101, Venezuela E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Freites). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735267 Received 15 November 2019; Received in revised form 15 March 2020; Accepted 18 March 2020 Available online 19 March 2020 0044-8486/ © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. L. Freites, et al. Aquaculture 524 (2020) 735267 ecophysiological and reproductive biology in relation to pearl produc- Of these, 65 were of small size (64.7 ± 5.3 mm shell length; tion in tropical areas of the Pacific(Serna-Gallo et al., 2014). In Mexico, ~6 months old) and were divided into 25 nucleated, 25 non-nucleated for example, few studies have analyzed the factors influencing the and 15 oysters for the initial sample. The remaining 55 oysters were of production and quality of half pearls in the winged pearl oyster P. sterna large size (78.0 ± 5.8 mm; ~10 months old) and were divided into 20 (Saucedo et al., 1998; Ruiz-Rubio et al., 2006) or free and round pearls nucleated, 20 non-nucleated and 15 for the initial sample. Oysters from (Nava et al., 2000). both groups (small and large) and treatments (nucleated and non-nu- − Half pearls produced from Pteria penguin are traditionally known as cleated) were anesthetized for 15 min in a solution containing 1 mg L 1 ‘mabé’ (Kripa et al., 2008). However, the term mabé is now used gen- Eugenol (clove oil) to facilitate nuclei implantation. Oysters were erically to refer to half pearls produced from a different number of considered completely relaxed when they had no reaction to physical bivalve species (Ruiz-Rubio et al., 2006; Kishore et al., 2015; Gordon stimuli, or when the valves did not close when removed from the re- et al., 2018, 2019). They are the result of a non-surgical procedure in laxant (Mamangkey and Southgate, 2009; Granados-Amores et al., which hemispherical plastic nuclei are cemented on the inner nacreous 2018). side of the shell and further covered by the mantle tissue that gradually One hemispherical plastic nucleus (7 mm height, 12.5 mm base secretes concentric layers of nacre material (Taylor and Strack, 2008). diameter) was cemented on the center of the left valve of each oyster The cultivation of pearl oysters to produce mabé pearls requires a lower using polycyanoacrylate glue (UHU™)(Haws et al., 2006; Ruiz-Rubio financial and technological investment than the cultivation of round et al., 2006; Kripa et al., 2008; Kishore et al., 2015). Oysters were pearls, and local communities can achieve this task by following ade- implanted following standard procedures described by Kishore et al. quate livelihood training programs (Haws et al., 2006; Southgate et al., (2015). Each nucleus was located far from the adductor muscle in a 2006; Kishore et al., 2015). place not affecting the normal closing of the valves. The possible effect For mabé production, the evidence indicates that in young, fast of stress and mortality due to desiccation during implantation was growing oysters the adductor muscle may begin to over-grow the nu- minimized by limiting the process to approximately 3 min per oyster. cleus, leading to its incomplete covering and reducing nacre thickness and lustre (Saucedo et al., 1998; Ruiz-Rubio et al., 2006). In turn, this 2.2. Recovery, cultivation, and monitoring of nucleated oysters effect can significantly reduce the value of resulting pearls. Similarly, nuclei placed too close to the shell edge may be covered with perios- Following nucleus implantation, oysters from the two groups were tracum, favoring a high proportion of asymmetrical, dull, and low- separately placed in two 500-L plastic tanks containing freshly aerated quality mabé. Preliminary studies with P. sterna cultured in equatorial seawater to allow their full recovery for 48 h. All surviving oysters were waters (Lodeiros et al., 2018; Treviño et al., 2019) show that the species then transferred to a cultivation system consisting of a long-line an- can reach the minimum size required for pearl induction (70–80 mm chored at 800 m from the coastline (1°59′12.19”S; 80°45′39.00”O) in shell height) within the first year (7–8 months), due to its high growth Ayangue Bay, Santa Elena Province, Ecuador. The oysters from both rates (> 8 mm/mo). Data describing shell growth rates also provide groups (small and large) and treatments (nucleated and non-nucleated) useful estimates of pearl growth, as shell growth and nacre deposition were cultivated in three-floor baskets, previously described by Freites are positively correlated (Coeroli and Mizuno, 1985; Monteforte and et al. (2019). Seven to eight oysters occupied the first floor or level of Morales-Mulia, 2000; Kishore et al., 2018). This information illustrates each basket, covering 27% and 34% of the bottom. Both groups of the potential of P. sterna for mabé production, as occurs in Bahía de La baskets (small and large) were suspended at 4-m depth. Oysters were Paz, Mexico (Saucedo et al., 1998; Ruiz-Rubio et al., 2006) and Bahía deployed in May 2017 and harvested for mabé grading in October 2017 de Acapulco, Mexico (Serna-Gallo et al., 2014). These results contrast (see below). Oysters were counted on a fortnight basis to determine with the projection of 24 months that Gaytán-Mondragon et al. (1993) survival (%) after being implanted.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Environmental History of Nacre and Pearls: Fisheries, Cultivation and Commerce." Global Environment 3 (2009): 48–71
    Full citation: Cariño, Micheline, and Mario Monteforte. "An Environmental History of Nacre and Pearls: Fisheries, Cultivation and Commerce." Global Environment 3 (2009): 48–71. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/4612. First published: http://www.globalenvironment.it. Rights: All rights reserved. Made available on the Environment & Society Portal for nonprofit educational purposes only, courtesy of Gabriella Corona, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche / National Research Council of Italy (CNR), and XL edizioni s.a.s. An Environmental History of Nacre and Pearls: Fisheries, Cultivation and Commerce Micheline Cariño and Mario Monteforte he world history of nacre and pearl i sheries, cultivation, and trade is a vast topic. From an- tiquity to the present, it takes us on a journey from myths about the origins of the pearls and their dif erent traditional uses, to complex in- teractions between societies, economies, cul- tures, and environmental issues. Such a history T needs the support of dif erent disciplinary ap- proaches. Biological and ecological studies tell us how oysters develop and form a pearl. Socioeconomic studies of pearls i sheries show several historical constants, such as excessive i shing, a specii c organization of labor, and an unequal distribution of benei ts. Studies on the trade of nacre and pearls highlight the cultural characteristics of dif erent markets in the world. History of science emphasizes the link between the depletion of this natural resource and the scientii c investigations that led to the development of pearl oyster and pearl culture technologies. Nevertheless, the most interesting way to look at the exploitation of pearls is from the perspective of environmental history, to high- light their important role in humanity’s evolving relationship with natural resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Relaciones Morfométricas De Pinctada Mazatlanica (Bivalvia: Pteriidae) En Puntarenas, Costa Rica
    Rev. Biol. Trop., 43(1-3): 177-180, 1995 Relaciones morfométricas de Pinctada mazatlanica (Bivalvia: Pteriidae) en Puntarenas, Costa Rica Yanaide Solano López, Jorge Cabrera Peña , Maurizio Protti Quesada y Rafael Cruz Soto Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica. (Revisado 31-X-1994. Aceptado 21-X-1994) Abstraet: Pearl oysters (Pinctada mazatlanica) were collected by SCUBA and skin diving in a unexploited bed off Pájaros Island, Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica (n=229), from April to August 1993. Shell height was 21.4-147 mm. The relationships shell height: weight, and shell height: width were: A=0.1904 Pt+ 52.6354 and A=2.5734, respectively. The relationship between shell length and height was isometric, whereas the other relationships indicate allometric growth. Pinetada mazatlaniea (Hanley 1856), conoci­ Campos y Fournier (1989), al evaluar los da comúnmente como madreperla u ostra perle­ bancos de Ostrea irideseens ubicados en Bahía ra, habita las zonas rocosas sublitorales hasta una Curú, Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica, encontra­ profundidad de 60 m; se distrubuye desde Baja ron fijación de semillas de P. mazatlaniea en California, México, al sur del Perú y se encuen­ un 11.67% (banco zona norte) y 8.30% (banco tra en la Isla Clipperton, Francia y en las Islas zona sur). Galápagos, Ecuador (Keen 1971, Draper 1987). El objetivo de este trabajo, fue determinar las Esta especie tiene un valor económico po­ relaciones morfométricas de P. mazatlaniea, en tencial, ya que ha sido explotada desde media­ un banco natural no sujeto a explotación. dos del siglo XVI en México por sus perlas y conchas (nacar) (Monteforte y Cariño 1992).
    [Show full text]
  • 324170141.Pdf
    Aquaculture Reports 17 (2020) 100347 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquaculture Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aqrep Economic feasibility of small-scale mabé pearl production in Tonga using T the winged pearl oyster, Pteria penguin William Johnstona,b,*, Sophie E. Gordonb,e, Max Wingfieldb,e, Tu’ikolongahau Halafihic, Damian Hined, Paul C. Southgateb,e a Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, 47 Mayers Road, Nambour, Queensland, 4560, Australia b School of Science & Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia c Science Division, Ministry of Fisheries, Nuku’alofa, Tongatapu, Tonga d University of Queensland Business School, The University of Queensland, 39 Blair Drive, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4067, Australia e Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research and School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs,Queensland, 4556, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Mabé pearl culture is an increasingly important rural livelihood in south Pacific countries as it offers a low-cost, Mabé pearl low-tech alternative to round pearl culture. Mabé pearl production can be achieved by local people with ap- half-pearl propriate training, and the products offer further livelihood opportunities through value-adding and local pro- Pteria penguin duction of jewellery and handicraft items. The Kingdom of Tonga is unique among south Pacific pearl producing pearl economics countries in focusing primarily on mabé pearl, not round pearl, culture using the winged pearl oyster, Pteria pearl farm profitability penguin. The Tongan mabé pearl sector has developed rapidly over recent years and is sustained by routine hatchery production of spat and recently improved pearl culture methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Akoya Pearl Production from Hainan Province Is Less Than One Tonne (A
    1.2 Overview of the cultured marine pearl industry 13 Xuwen, harvest approximately 9-10 tonnes of pearls annually; Akoya pearl production from Hainan Province is less than one tonne (A. Wang, pers. comm., 2007). China produced 5-6 tonnes of marketable cultured marine pearls in 1993 and this stimulated Japanese investment in Chinese pearl farms and pearl factories. Pearl processing is done either in Japan or in Japanese- supported pearl factories in China. The majority of the higher quality Chinese Akoya pearls are exported to Japan. Additionally, MOP from pearl shells is used in handicrafts and as an ingredient Pearl farm workers clean and sort nets used for pearl oyster culture on a floating pontoon in Li’an Bay, Hainan Island, China. in cosmetics, while oyster meat is sold at local markets. India and other countries India began Akoya pearl culture research at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) at Tuticorin in 1972 and the first experimental round pearl production occurred in 1973. Although a number of farms have been established, particularly along the southeastern coast, commercial pearl farming has not become established on a large scale (Upare, 2001). Akoya pearls from India generally have a diameter of less than 5-6 mm (Mohamed et al., 2006; Kripa et al., 2007). Halong Bay in the Gulf of Tonking in Viet Nam has been famous for its natural pearls for many centuries (Strack, 2006). Since 1990, more than twenty companies have established Akoya pearl farms in Viet Nam and production exceeded 1 000 kg in 2001. Akoya pearl culture has also been investigated on the Atlantic coast of South America (Urban, 2000; Lodeiros et al., 2002), in Australia (O’Connor et al., 2003), Korea (Choi and Chang, 2003) and in the Arabian Gulf (Behzadi, Parivak and Roustaian, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Fingerprinting of Pearls, Corals and Ivory: a Brief Review of Applications in Gemmology Laurent E
    FEATURE ARTICLE DNA Fingerprinting of Pearls, Corals and Ivory: A Brief Review of Applications in Gemmology Laurent E. Cartier, Michael S. Krzemnicki, Bertalan Lendvay and Joana B. Meyer ABSTRACT: This article reviews the extraction of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from biogenic gem materials (pearls, corals and ivory) for determining species identification and geographic/genetic origin. We describe recent developments in the methodology adapted for gem samples that is minimally destructive, as well as the successful DNA fingerprinting of cultured pearls from various Pinctada molluscs to identify their species. The DNA analysis methods presented here can also potentially be used for fingerprinting corals and ivory. The Journal of Gemmology, 36(2), 2018, pp. 152–160 http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2018.36.2.152 © 2018 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain iogenic gems—often called ‘organic gems’ which consists of CaCO3 as well as protein, glycosamino- (see Galopim de Carvalho, 2018, for a recent glycans and proteoglycans (Debreuil et al., 2012). They can discussion of terminology)—are some of the be coloured by carotenoids and other types of pigments. oldest-used gem materials and have been Finally, elephant ivory from African (Loxodonta spp.) Bcherished since pre-history (Hayward, 1990; Tsounis et and Asian (Elephas spp.) elephant tusks is comprised al., 2010; Charpentier et al., 2012). Rather than having a of collagen and carbonate-rich hydroxyapatite (dahllite, geological origin, these gem materials—such as pearls, Ca10[PO4]6[CO3] • H2O; Edwards et al., 2006). Ivory precious corals and ivory (e.g. Figure 1)—are products can be found in a large number of animal species, of of biomineralisation processes in which living animals which elephant ivory is the most studied due to its value, produce mineral substances (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • OPTIMASI PERTUMBUHAN KE RANG MUTIARA (Pintada Maxima) YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN PADA KEDALAMAN YANG BERBEDA DIPERAIRAN LABUAN BAJO KAB
    OPTIMASI PERTUMBUHAN KE RANG MUTIARA (Pintada maxima) YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN PADA KEDALAMAN YANG BERBEDA DIPERAIRAN LABUAN BAJO KAB. MANGGARAI BARAT SKRIPSI NARDIYANTO 10594076312 PROGRAM STUDI BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR 2017 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN Judul : Optimasi Pertumbuhan Kerang mutiara (Pinctada maxima) Yang Dibudidayakan Pada Kedalaman Yang Berbeda Diperairan Labuan Bajo Kabupaten Manggarai Barat Nama Mahasiswa : Nardiyanto Stambuk : 10594076312 Program Studi : Budidaya Perairan Fakultas : Pertanian Universitas : Muhammadiyah Makassar Makassar, 20 Mei 2017 Telah Diperiksa dan Disetujui Komisi Pembimbing Pembimbing I, Pembimbing II, H. Burhanuddin, S.Pi, MP Dr. Rahmi,S.Pi, M.Si NIDN : 0912066901 NIDN : 0905027904 Diketahui oleh Dekan Fakultas Pertanian, Ketua Program Studi, H. Burhanuddin, S.Pi, MP Murni, S.Pi, M.Si NIDN : 0912066901 NIDN : 0903037304 PENGESAHAN KOMISI PENGUJI Judull : Optimasi Pertumbuhan Kerang mutiara (Pinctada maxima) Yang Dibudidayakan Pada Kedalaman Yang Berbeda Diperairan Labuan Bajo Kabupaten Manggarai Barat Nama Mahasiswa : Nardiyanto Stambuk : 10594076312 Program Studi : Budidaya Perairan Fakultas : Pertanian Universitas : Muhammadiyah Makassar KOMISI PENGUJI No. Nama Tanda tangan 1. H. Burhanuddin, S.Pi, MP (................................) Pembimbing 1 2. Dr. Rahmi, S.Pi, M.Si (................................) Pembimbing 2 3. Andhy Khaeriyah, S.Pi, M.Pd (................................) Penguji 1 4. Andi Chadijah, S.Pi, M.Si (................................) Penguji
    [Show full text]
  • Crecimiento Y Mortalidad De La Madreperla Pinctada Mazatlanica En Poblaciones Naturales Del Litoral Oriental De Baja California Sur, México
    Crecimiento y mortalidad de la madreperla Pinctada mazatlanica en poblaciones naturales del litoral oriental de Baja California Sur, México Humberto Wright-López1, Oscar Holguín-Quiñones1, Francisco Arreguín-Sánchez1 & Irene Roque-Villada1 1. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas-IPN. Playa el Conchalito S/N. Apdo. Postal 592, C. P. 23000. La Paz, Baja California Sur, México; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recibido 02-VII-2007. Corregido 27-VI-2008. Aceptado 28-VII-2008. Abstract: Growth and mortality of the mother-of-pearl Pinctada mazatlanica in natural populations of the east coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. The Mexican Pacific mother-of-pearl Pinctada mazatlanica was placed in forbidden fisheries status for the Mexican Federal Government and considered in extinction danger since 1939. This decree was modified in 1994 to allow the capture of spat for research or marine culture. We estimated the growth and mortality of mother-of-pearl from the eastern littoral of South Baja California wild stock in the periods 1992-93 and 1997-99. We used 38 sample stations at 2 bays and 6 insular complexes. The maximum length was 187.22 mm (179.83-195.81 mm, P > 0.95). Seasonal von Bertalanffy growth (ELEFAN -1 I routine) values are: L∞ = 193.31 mm, k = 0.54 year , t0 = -0.1805 year, C = 0.49 and WP = 0.75. The growth performance index was Φ’ = 4.305. The total mortality was calculated from a length-converted catch curve Z -1 2.7301 = 2.03 año . Length-weight relationship W(i) = 0.0005418 * L(i) .
    [Show full text]
  • Fishery and Culture of Selected Bivalves in Mexico: Past, Present and Future
    W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles Virginia Institute of Marine Science 1988 Fishery And Culture Of Selected Bivalves In Mexico: Past, Present And Future Erik Baqueiro Michael Castagna Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Baqueiro, Erik and Castagna, Michael, Fishery And Culture Of Selected Bivalves In Mexico: Past, Present And Future (1988). Journal of Shellfish Research, 7(3), 433-443. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/1287 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 7, No. 3, 433-443, 1988. FISHERY AND CULTURE OF SELECTED BIVALVES IN MEXICO: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE1 ERIK BAQUEIR02 AND M. CASTAGNA3 2Apartado postal 587 Campeche, Camp., Mex(co 3Virginia Institute of Marine Science School of Marine Science College of William and Mary Wachapreague, Virginia 23480 0 "i ABSTRACT This paper reviews the culture of selected bivalves of Mexico. Most species are utilized locally, but there is potential for some exports. The culture and fisheries of bivalves are often hampered by lack of information and restrictive regulations. Pinctada mazatlanica was grown for pearls and pearl shell production in the early 1900s. The methods used for its culture are reviewed. The culture of a few commercial species has shown encouraging results.
    [Show full text]
  • AN OVERVIEW of the METHOD, MANAGEMENT, PROBLEM and THEIR SOLUTION in the PEARL OYSTER (Pinctada Margaritifera) CULTURE
    Journal of Coastal Development ISSN : 1410-5217 Volume 14, Number 3, June 2011 : 181-190 Accredited : 83/Dikti/Kep/2009 Review AN OVERVIEW OF THE METHOD, MANAGEMENT, PROBLEM AND THEIR SOLUTION IN THE PEARL OYSTER (Pinctada margaritifera) CULTURE Ludi Parwadani Aji Technical Implementation Unit For Marine Life Conservation, Research Centre For Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Biak – West Papua Received : March, 7, 2011 ; Accepted : May, 31, 2011 ABSTRACT Pearl culture operations can be divided into three categories which are collection/hatchery production, ongrowing and pearl culture. For the hatchery, the pearl oyster industry relies on spat collection at natural production atolls where spat is abundant during the warm season and also from broodstock in the laboratory condition. After that, hatchery grown juveniles are put into the sea on the material which they settle upon. The spat are left to grow for 2 years till an average size of 90 mm. Pearl culture involves the implantation of a spherical nucleus together with a piece of mantle tissue (Saibo) from a sacrificial oyster, into the gonads. Although pearl culture is extensive with little control over weather, the use of good management methods can drastically increase productivity and result in higher profitability. Therefore, management of culture system such as site selection, settlement, feeding, stocking density and pearl culture technique is essential. For example, site selection is the most critical factor affecting pearl oyster productivity and spat collection, as the oysters spend most of their growing time exposed to water elements. Site selection must take into account important water quality parameters like temperature, salinity and turbidity.
    [Show full text]
  • Existence, Growth and Reproduction of Pearl Oyster Pinctada Margaritifera in Hadhramout Coast/Gulf of Aden
    Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2014) 40, 473–481 HOSTED BY National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research http://ees.elsevier.com/ejar www.sciencedirect.com FULL LENGTH ARTICLE Existence, growth and reproduction of pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera in Hadhramout coast/Gulf of Aden Moteah Shaikh Aideed, Basmidi Abdulla Ahmed, Ali Attaala Mukhaysin * Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Marine Biology, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen Received 3 October 2014; revised 11 December 2014; accepted 19 December 2014 Available online 6 January 2015 KEYWORDS Abstract This study was conducted to confirm the existence, morphological and biological attri- Pinctada margaritifera, butes; growth indicators and reproduction of pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera in Hadhramout Growth; coast. The samples were collected from around coral colony bases from the shore bays of the city Reproduction; of Mukalla, Broom and Bir Ali Islands through the period September 2009–November 2010. 213 Hadhramout coast specimens were collected from shallow habitat at intertidal zone, subtidal up to more than 15 m in some places. Its morphological characteristics were described. The results show a strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.9836) between the biometric parameters (ShH and ShL) of P. margaritifera, with an equation of: Shell Length = 0.992 · Shell height0.995. The maximum size of the recorded species was180 mm. Growth rates retreated with age from an average of 34.6 mm/2nd year to 3.7 mm/the 7th year. The dominant proportion of ripe mature specimens was recorded in December 2009–March 2010 in females and along two periods in males – January–March and August– October 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Composición Y Estructura De La Comunidad De Moluscos De Fondos Blandos De La Isla Santa Cruz, Golfo De California, México
    Hidrobiológica 2018, 28 (1): 51-59 Composición y estructura de la comunidad de moluscos de fondos blandos de la isla Santa Cruz, golfo de California, México Composition and community structure of soft bottom mollusks on Santa Cruz Island, Gulf of California, Mexico Arturo Tripp-Quezada1, Arturo Tripp-Valdez1, Miguel A. Tripp-Valdez2, Norberto Capetillo Piñar1 y Marcial Villalejo-Fuerte1 1Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, A.P. 592, La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23096, México 2Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research. Division: Biosciences Integrative Ecophysiology. Am Handelshafen 12D-27570, Bremerhaven, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Recibido: 03 de mayo de 2016. Aceptado: 23 de enero de 2018. Tripp-Quezada A., A. Tripp-Valdez, M. A. Tripp-Valdez, N. Capetillo Piñar y M. Villalejo-Fuerte. 2018. Composición y estructura de la comunidad de moluscos de fondos blandos de la isla Santa Cruz, golfo de California, México. Hidrobiológica 28 (1): 51-59. RESUMEN Antecedentes. Respecto al ambiente marino de la isla Santa Cruz, no existen trabajos publicados de ecología de las especies de moluscos de fondos blandos, por lo que es importante realizar investigaciones que amplíen y profundicen el conocimiento de la zona marina y contribuyan a plantear métodos de manejo y alternativas de uso sustentable de los recursos marinos insulares. Objetivos. El presente trabajo pretende caracterizar la composición y estructura de la comu- nidad de los moluscos de fondos blandos de la zona infralitoral de la isla Santa Cruz y describir algunas características asociadas con su hábitat. Métodos. En agosto de 2010 se recolectaron 32 muestras, 16 biológicas y 16 de sedimen- tos.
    [Show full text]
  • Gametogenic Cycle and Reproductive Effort of the Tropical Blacklip Pearl Oyster, Pinctada Margaritifera
    Aquat. Living Resour. 13 (1) (2000) 37−48 © 2000 Ifremer/Cnrs/Inra/Ird/Cemagref/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits réservés S0990744000001352/FLA Gametogenic cycle and reproductive effort of the tropical blacklip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera (Bivalvia: Pteriidae), cultivated in Takapoto atoll (French Polynesia) Stéphane Pouvreau (a, b*), Aline Gangnery (c), Jérôme Tiapari (b), Franck Lagarde (b), Matthieu Garnier (d), Alain Bodoy (a) (a) Crema (Ifremer-CNRS), BP 5, 17137 L’Houmeau, France (b) Ifremer Cop, BP 7004, Taravao Tahiti, French Polynesia (c) Ifremer-Palavas, Chemin de Maguelone, 34250 Palavas-Les-Flots, France (d) CNRS-Station Biologique, Place G. Teissier, BP 74, 29682 Roscoff, France Received February 25, 1999; accepted December 2, 1999 Abstract — The gametogenic cycle and the reproductive effort of the blacklip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, cultivated in Takapoto lagoon were studied for a 1-year period (March 1997–April 1998) by bimonthly observations of gonadal sections, dry tissue weights and gonadal index in a population of pearl oyster composed of three age-groups. Pearl oysters attained sexual maturity in the end of their first year (height ≈ 40 mm), implying that P. margaritifera is a late-maturing species in comparison with other Pteriidae. This species was also confirmed to be a marked protandrous successive hermaphrodite in culture, with 100 % of males at first maturity and 75 % in older pearl oyster (height > 120 mm). The general pattern of gametogenic activity, fairly synchronous in both sexes, was comparable with that of other tropical bivalves: reproduction occurs continuously throughout the year with a maximal activity during the warm season (November–May).
    [Show full text]