DOCSLIB.ORG

A Comparative Study on Operating System for Wireless Sensor Networks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Comparative Study on Operating System for Wireless Sensor Networks ICACSIS 2011 ISBN: 978-979-1421-11-9 A Comparative Study on Operating System for Wireless Sensor Networks Thang Vu Chien, Hung Nguyen Chan, and Thanh Nguyen Huu Thai Nguyen University of Information and Communication Technology Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) them work correctly and effectively without a conflict have been the subject of intensive research over the in support of the specific applications for which they last years. WSNs consist of a large number of are designed. Each sensor node needs an OS that can sensor nodes, and are used for various applications control the hardware, provide hardware abstraction to such as building monitoring, environment control, application software, and fill in the gap between wild-life habitat monitoring, forest fire detection, applications and the underlying hardware. industry automation, military, security, and health- The basic functionalities of an OS include resource care. Operating system (OS) support for WSNs abstractions for various hardware devices, interrupt plays a central role in building scalable distributed management and task scheduling, concurrency control, applications that are efficient and reliable. Over and networking support. Based on the services the years, we have seen a variety of operating provided by the OS, application programmers can systems (OSes) emerging in the sensor network conveniently use high-level application programming community to facilitate developing WSN interfaces (APIs) independent of the underlying applications. In this paper, we present OS for WSNs. We begin by presenting the major issues for hardware. the design of OS for WSNs. Then, we examine some The traditional OS is system software that operates existing OSes for WSNs, including TinyOS, between application software and hardware and is Contiki, and LiteOS. Finally, we present a often designed for workstations and PCs with plenty of comparison of these OSes by examining some resources. This is usually not the case with sensor important OS features. We believe that our work nodes in WSNs. There are also embedded OSes such will help both OS developers and OS users. With as VxWorks [1] and WinCE [2], none of which is OS developers, they will know what has worked in specially designed for data-centric WSNs with previous OSes and what has not. With OS users, constrained resources. Sensors usually have a slow they know the features of existing sensor network processor and small memory, different from most OSes, so they can select a sensor network OS that is current systems. These parameters should be kept in the most appropriate for their application. mind in the process of OS design for WSN nodes. In this paper, we identify several major issues for the design of OS for WSNs. By examining some I. INTRODUCTION existing OSes for WSNs, we hope that our work may WSN is generally composed of a centralized allow research community to know the strengths and A station (sink) and tens, hundreds, or perhaps weaknesses of a number of different OSes. thousands of tiny sensor nodes. With the integration of The rest of this paper is organized as follows. information sensing, computation, and wireless Section II presents the major issues for the design of communication, these devices can sense the physical sensor network OS. Section III examines some phenomenon, (pre-)process the raw information, and existing OSes for WSNs, including TinyOS, Contiki, share the processed information with their neighboring and LiteOS. Section IV presents a comparison of these nodes. OSes. Finally, we conclude this paper in Section V. Typical sensor nodes are equipped with a sensor, a microprocessor or microcontroller, a memory, a radio II. OPERATING SYSTEM DESIGN ISSUES transceiver, and a battery. Therefore, these hardware Traditional OSes are system software, including components should be organized in a way that makes programs that manage computing resources, control peripheral devices, and provide software abstraction to 73 ICACSIS 2011 ISBN: 978-979-1421-11-9 the application software. Traditional OS functions are E. Application Program Interface therefore to manage processes, memory, CPU time, Sensor nodes need to provide modular and general file system, and devices. This is often implemented in APIs for their applications. The APIs should enable a modular and layered fashion, including a lower layer applications access the underlying hardware. This may of kernels and a higher layer of system libraries. allow access and control of hardware directly, to Traditional OSes are not suitable for WSNs because optimize system performance. WSNs have constrained resources and diverse data- centric applications, in addition to a variable topology. F. Code Upgrading and Reprogramming WSNs need a new type of operating system, Since the behavior of sensor nodes and their considering their special characteristics. There are algorithms may need to be adjusted either for their several issues to consider when designing sensor functionality or for energy conservation, the operating network OS. system should be able to reprogram and upgrade. A. Process Management and Scheduling G. Small Footprint The traditional OS provides process protection by The limited memory of only a few kilobytes on a allocating a separate memory space (stack) for each sensor node necessitates the OS to be designed with a process. Each process maintains data and information very small footprint. It is a fundamental characteristic in its own space. But this approach usually causes of a sensor network OS and is the primary reason why multiple data copying and context switching between so many sophisticated embedded OSes can not be processes. This is obviously not energy efficient for easily ported to sensor nodes. WSNs. Sensor network OSes should provide efficient H. Real-Time Guarantee resource management mechanisms in order to allocate As most sensor network applications such as microprocessor time and limited memory. The CPU surveillance tend to be time-sensitive in nature where time and limited memory must be scheduled and packets must be relayed and forwarded on a timely allocated for processes carefully to guarantee fairness basis, real-time guarantee is a necessary requirement (or priority if required). for such applications. B. Memory Management I. Reliability Memory is often allocated exclusively for each In most applications, sensor networks are deployed process/task in traditional OSes, which is helpful for once and intended to operate unattended for a long protection and security of the tasks. Since sensor nodes period of time. OS reliability is of great importance to have small memory, another approach, sharing, can facilitate developing complex WSN software, ensuring reduce memory requirements. the correct functioning of WSN systems. C. Kernel Model The event-driven and finite state machine (FSM) III. EXISTING OPERATING SYSTEMS FOR WIRELESS models have been used to design microkernels for SENSOR NETWORKS WSNs. The event-driven model may serve WSNs well Over the years, we have seen various OSes because they look like event-driven systems. An event emerging in the sensor network community [3]. The may comprise receiving a packet, transmitting a most prestigious works include TinyOS [4], Contiki packet, detection of an event of interest, alarms about [5], SOS [6], Mantis OS [7], Nano-RK [8], RETOS energy depletion of a sensor node, and so on. The [9] and LiteOS [10]. In this paper, we present only FSM-based model is convenient to realize TinyOS, Contiki (many interested OS users), and concurrency, reactivity, and synchronization. LiteOS (the newest sensor network OS). D. Energy Efficiency A. TinyOS Sensor nodes provide very limited battery lifetime. TinyOS [4], developed in UC Berkeley, is perhaps On the other hand, guaranteeing sensor networks to the earliest sensor network OS in the literature [11]. operate for 3 to 5 years is a very desirable objective. The design of TinyOS allows application software to Sensor network OS should support power access hardware directly when required. TinyOS is a management, which helps to extend the system lifetime tiny microthreaded OS that attempts to address two and improve its performance. For example, the issues: how to guarantee concurrent data flows among operating system may schedule the process to sleep hardware devices, and how to provide modularized when the system is idle, and to wake up with the components with little processing and storage advent of an incoming event or an interrupt from the overhead. These issues are important since TinyOS is hardware. required to manage hardware capabilities and resources effectively while supporting concurrent operation in an efficient manner. TinyOS uses an 74 ICACSIS 2011 ISBN: 978-979-1421-11-9 event-based model to support high levels of concurrent arbitrary computation in an event-based model. The application in a very small amount of memory. design of components makes it easy to connect various Compared with a stack-based threaded approach, components in the form of function calls. In order to which would require that stack space be reserved for provide a better support for the component each execution context, and because the switching rate architecture and execution model of TinyOS, the nesC of execution context is slower than in an event-based language [12] was designed for programming based on approach, TinyOS achieves higher throughput. It can TinyOS. TinyOS has a component-based programming rapidly create tasks associated with an event, with no model, codified by the nesC language. blocking or polling. When CPU is idle, the process is This WNS operating system defines three types of maintained in a sleep state to conserve energy. components: hardware abstractions, synthetic Fig. 1 illustrates the basic architecture of TinyOS. hardware, and high-level software components. TinyOS includes a tiny scheduler and a set of Hardware abstraction components are the lowest-level components. components. They are actually the mapping of physical hardware such as Input/Output (I/O) devices, a radio transceiver, and sensors.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shared Sensor Networks Fundamentals, Challenges, Opportunities, Virtualization Techniques, Comparative Analysis, Novel Architecture and Taxonomy
    Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks Review Shared Sensor Networks Fundamentals, Challenges, Opportunities, Virtualization Techniques, Comparative Analysis, Novel Architecture and Taxonomy Nahla S. Abdel Azeem 1, Ibrahim Tarrad 2, Anar Abdel Hady 3,4, M. I. Youssef 2 and Sherine M. Abd El-kader 3,* 1 Information Technology Center, Electronics Research Institute (ERI), El Tahrir st, El Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; [email protected] 2 Electrical Engineering Department, Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo 11651, Egypt; [email protected] (I.T.); [email protected] (M.I.Y.) 3 Computers & Systems Department, Electronics Research Institute (ERI), El Tahrir st, El Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; [email protected] 4 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, 1045, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 March 2019; Accepted: 7 May 2019; Published: 15 May 2019 Abstract: The rabid growth of today’s technological world has led us to connecting every electronic device worldwide together, which guides us towards the Internet of Things (IoT). Gathering the produced information based on a very tiny sensing devices under the umbrella of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The nature of these networks suffers from missing sharing among them in both hardware and software, which causes redundancy and more budget to be used. Thus, the appearance of Shared Sensor Networks (SSNs) provides a real modern revolution in it. Where it targets making a real change in its nature from domain specific networks to concurrent running domain networks. That happens by merging it with the technology of virtualization that enables the sharing feature over different levels of its hardware and software to provide the optimal utilization of the deployed infrastructure with a reduced cost.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Security
    Overview of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Security Aparicio Carranza Heesang Kim Xiao Lin Chen NYC College of Technology NYC College of Technology NYC College of Technology 186 Jay Street – V626 186 Jay Street 186 Jay Street Brooklyn, NY, USA Brooklyn, NY, USA Brooklyn NY, USA 718 – 260 – 5897 703 – 232 – 2001 917 – 285 - 5155 [email protected] [email protected] xiaolin,[email protected] ABSTRACT of different transmission schemes, allowing the connection Our civilization has entered an era of big data networking. to be made between different models. A router is a good Massive amounts of data is being converted into bits for example of a gateway. There are two common Wireless transmitting over the Internet and shared all over the world network topologies commonly used in WSN systems, they every second. The concept of “smart” devices has are “relay nodes” and “leaf nodes”. The relay network is a conquered preconceived notions of daily routines. broad network topology where the source and destination Smartphones and wearable device technologies have made are interconnected through some node. In these networks, humans to be continuously interconnected, making distance the source and destination cannot communicate directly a factor of no limitation. “Smart” systems are based on a with each other because the distance between the source single concept called the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is a and destination is greater than the transmission range, due web of wirelessly networked devices embedded with to this an intermediate node needs to relay. The advantage electronic components and sensors that monitors physical of using the relay nodes is that the information can travel and environmental conditions and acquires data to be long distances even when the caller and recipient are far shared with other systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring High Voltage Power Lines Using Efficient WSN
    Advances in Energy and Power 7(1): 10-19, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/aep.2020.070102 Monitoring High Voltage Power Lines Using Efficient WSN Khaled Al-Maitah, Batool Al-Khriesat, Abdullah Al-Odienat* Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mutah University, Jordan Received March 13, 2020; Revised April 22, 2020; Accepted April 27, 2020 Copyright©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract The power transmission line is one of most [1]. Moreover, power systems are now highly critical components in electrical power system. In order to interconnected which allows the transfer of a large enhance the reliability of the large power systems, an electrical energy over long distances far from the source of advanced and efficient Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) generation to locations suffer of lack in electrical energy [2] must be employed along power transmission line. However, [3]. time delay has emerged as one of the most critical issues in In power systems, transmission lines are critical the design of WSN-based monitoring network of components from the reliability and stability view point. transmission lines. This paper proposes a new model for There is a real need for an efficient monitoring system of WSN for monitoring High Voltage Transmission Line the transmission lines to enhance the normal operation of (HVTL) which improves the needed time delay to transmit the power system and avoid the major disconnections and the measured quantity from transmission line towers to the blackouts [4].
    [Show full text]
  • System Architecture Directions for Post-Soc/32-Bit Networked Sensors Hyung-Sin Kim, Michael P Andersen, Kaifei Chen, Sam Kumar, William J
    System Architecture Directions for Post-SoC/32-bit Networked Sensors Hyung-Sin Kim, Michael P Andersen, Kaifei Chen, Sam Kumar, William J. Zhao, Kevin Ma, and David E. Culler Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley (hs.kim,m.andersen,kaifei,samkumar,william_zhao,kevinma.sd,culler)@berkeley.edu ABSTRACT those that have guided design over the past 20 years, since the The emergence of low-power 32-bit Systems-on-Chip (SoCs), which emergence of the field [31, 37]. While it is easy to observe high- integrate a 32-bit MCU, radio, and flash, presents an opportunity level trends and infer that at some point conventional concurrency to re-examine design points and trade-offs at all levels of the sys- models and networking stacks will fit on this class of computing tem architecture of networked sensors. To this end, we develop a platform, when dealing with low power embedded operation, the post-SoC/32-bit design point called Hamilton, showing that using devil is always in the details. integrated components enables a ∼$7 core and shifts hardware mod- The datasheets for modern 32-bit System-on-Chip units (SoCs) ularity to design time. We study the interaction between hardware with an integrated microcontroller (MCU) and radio are truly im- and embedded operating systems, identifying that (1) post-SoC pressive [10, 43]. Thread-based OSes have reemerged (e.g., RIOT motes provide lower idle current (5.9 µA) than traditional 16-bit [14]), and commercially-driven IPv6 network protocols have arrived motes, (2) 32-bit MCUs are a major energy consumer (e.g., tick (e.g., OpenThread [71]).
    [Show full text]
  • Biology Inspired Approach for Communal Behavior in Sensor Networks
    Biology Inspired Approach for Communal Behavior in Sensor Networks K. H. Jones K. N. Lodding NASA Langley Research Center NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681 Hampton, VA 23681 [email protected] [email protected] S. Olariu L. Wilson C. Xin Old Dominion University Old Dominion University Norfolk State University Norfolk, VA 23529 Norfolk, VA 23529 Norfolk, VA 23504 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract housing, and other necessities. The realization of this dream has progressed for several centuries but has Research in wireless sensor network technology has taken a revolutionary leap through the invention of exploded in the last decade. Promises of complex and electronic computers, which facilitate more ubiquitous control of the physical environment by automation of machines. Futurists have long predicted these networks open avenues for new kinds of science that machines would eventually communicate and and business. Due to the small size and low cost of cooperate with each other to accomplish sensor devices, visionaries promise systems enabled extraordinarily complex tasks without human by deployment of massive numbers of sensors working intervention [20]. in concert. Although the reduction in size has been phenomenal it results in severe limitations on the While futurists long dreamed of machines working computing, communicating, and power capabilities of with other machines, a giant step towards realization these devices. Under these constraints, research of this dream may be credited to a DARPA sponsored efforts have concentrated on developing techniques program, SmartDust, originated in the late 1990’s for performing relatively simple tasks with minimal [11,26].
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study Between Operating Systems (Os) for the Internet of Things (Iot)
    VOLUME 5 NO 4, 2017 A Comparative Study Between Operating Systems (Os) for the Internet of Things (IoT) Aberbach Hicham, Adil Jeghal, Abdelouahed Sabrim, Hamid Tairi LIIAN, Department of Mathematic & Computer Sciences, Sciences School, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Abstract : We describe The Internet of Things (IoT) as a network of physical objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data in real time with the outside world. It therefore assumes an operating system (OS) which is considered as an unavoidable point for good communication between all devices “objects”. For this purpose, this paper presents a comparative study between the popular known operating systems for internet of things . In a first step we will define in detail the advantages and disadvantages of each one , then another part of Interpretation is developed, in order to analyze the specific requirements that an OS should satisfy to be used and determine the most appropriate .This work will solve the problem of choice of operating system suitable for the Internet of things in order to incorporate it within our research team. Keywords: Internet of things , network, physical object ,sensors,operating system. 1 Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) is the vision of interconnecting objects, users and entities “objects”. Much, if not most, of the billions of intelligent devices on the Internet will be embedded systems equipped with an Operating Systems (OS) which is a system programs that manage computer resources whether tangible resources (like memory, storage, network, input/output etc.) or intangible resources (like running other computer programs as processes, providing logical ports for different network connections etc.), So it is the most important program that runs on a computer[1].
    [Show full text]
  • NIST Technical Note 1604 Practical Challenges in Wireless Sensor
    NIST Technical Note 1604 Practical Challenges in Wireless Sensor Network Use in Building Applications William M. Healy Won-Suk Jang NIST Technical Note 1604 Practical Challenges in Wireless Sensor Network Use in Building Applications William M. Healy Won-Suk Jang Building Environment Division Building and Fire Research Laboratory September 2008 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Patrick D. Gallagher, Deputy Director i Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. National Institute of Standards and Technology Technical Note 1604 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Tech. Note 1604, 12 pages (September 2008) ii Abstract While wireless sensor network technology has advanced in recent years, potential users of these systems in buildings still have concerns about their application. This report summarizes results of a literature survey and interactions with building industry professionals that were designed to gain an understanding of the barriers to adoption of wireless sensors in buildings. Users have concerns with cost, reliability, power management, interoperability, ease of use, and security. This work is meant to set the stage for the development of measurement techniques that will provide better metrics for how wireless sensor systems perform in actual building applications. Keywords Wireless; sensor; building technology; building monitoring; building control iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Scantraffic: Smart Camera Network for Traffic Information Collection
    ScanTraffic: Smart Camera Network for Traffic Information Collection Daniele Alessandrelli1, Andrea Azzar`a1, Matteo Petracca2, Christian Nastasi1, and Paolo Pagano2 1 Real-Time Systems Laboratory, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy fd.alessandrelli, a.azzara, [email protected] 2 National Laboratory of Photonic Networks, CNIT, Pisa, Italy fmatteo.petracca, [email protected] Abstract. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) are gaining growing in- terest from governments and research communities because of the eco- nomic, social and environmental benefits they can provide. An open issue in this domain is the need for pervasive technologies to collect traffic- related data. In this paper we discuss the use of visual Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), i.e., networks of tiny smart cameras, to address this problem. We believe that smart cameras have many advantages over classic sensor motes. Nevertheless, we argue that a specific software in- frastructure is needed to fully exploit them. We identify the three main services such software must provide, i.e., monitoring, remote configura- tion, and remote code-update, and we propose a modular architecture for them. We discuss our implementation of such architecture, called ScanTraffic, and we test its effectiveness within an ITS prototype we deployed at the Pisa International Airport. We show how ScanTraffic greatly simplifies the deployment and management of smart cameras col- lecting information about traffic flow and parking lot occupancy. Keywords: intelligent transport systems, visual wireless sensor net- works, smart cameras 1 Introduction Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) are nowadays at the focus of public au- thorities and research communities aiming at providing effective solutions for improving citizens lifestyle and safety.
    [Show full text]
  • Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring Applications
    Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring Applications A Major Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the University of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By: __________________________ __________________________ Jonathan Isaac Chanin Andrew R. Halloran __________________________ __________________________ Advisor, Professor Emmanuel Agu, CS Advisor, Professor Wenjing Lou, ECE Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 What are Wireless Sensor Networks? ........................................................................................... 6 1.2 Why Sensor Networks? ................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Application Examples .................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Project Goal ................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Background ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of AODV and DSR Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks for Monitoring Applications
    Department of Electrical Engineering with emphasis on Telecommunication Blekinge Institute of technology Evaluation of AODV and DSR Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks for Monitoring Applications Asar Ali Zeeshan Akbar (Electrical Engineering with emphasis on Telecommunication) Supervisor: Karel De Vogeleer ([email protected]) Master’s Degree Thesis Karlskrona October 2009 This Thesis corresponds to 20 weeks of full-time work for each of the authors. 1 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..........................................................................................................................5 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................6 LIST OF ACRONYMS ..............................................................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................8 LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................9 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................. 10 1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Improved Ant Colony Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network Routing
    Paper—An Improved Ant Colony Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network Routing An Improved Ant Colony Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network Routing https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i05.7060 Liping LV Jiaozuo University, Henan, China [email protected] Abstract—In order to make the energy consumption of network nodes rela- tively balanced, we apply ant colony optimization algorithm to wireless sensor network routing and improve it. In this paper, we propose a multi-path wireless sensor network routing algorithm based on energy equalization. The algorithm uses forward ants to find the path from the source node to the destination node, and uses backward ants to update the pheromone on the path. In the route selec- tion, we use the energy of the neighboring nodes as the parameter of the heuris- tic function. At the same time, we construct the fitness function, and take the path length and the node residual energy as its parameters. The simulation re- sults show that the algorithm can not only avoid the problem of local optimal solution, but also prolong the life cycle of the network effectively. Keywords—wireless sensor network, ant colony algorithm, routing 1 Introduction In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the sensor becomes miniaturized, networked, integrated and intelligent [4]. Compared with traditional sensors, the cost of micro sensors is very low. However, its coverage is small. Therefore, in practical applications, tens of thousands of micro-sensors are often required to work together. Based on this demand, the concept of wireless sensor networks has emerged [2]. As an important information acquisition technology, wireless sensor networks greatly expand the functionality of existing networks [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Wireless Sensor Networks Technology and Simulation Software’S
    ISSN (Online) 2278-1021 IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2016 An Overview on Wireless Sensor Networks Technology and Simulation Software’s Vijay S. Kale1, Rohit D. Kulkarni2 Associate Professor, Department of Electronic Science, KTHM College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India1 M. Phil. Student, Department of Electronic Science, KTHM College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India2 Abstract: Advances in wireless networking, micro-fabrication and integration of sensors and actuators manufactured using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology and embedded microprocessors have enabled a new generation of massive-scale sensor networks suitable for a range of commercial and military applications. Sensor networks promise to couple end users directly to sensor measurements and provide information that is precisely localized in time and/or space, according to the user’s needs or demands. Node-level design simulators simulate the behaviour of a sensor network on a per-node basis. Using simulation, designers can quickly study the performance in terms of timing, power, bandwidth, and scalability without implementing them on actual hardware and dealing with the actual physical phenomena. The present communication gives the brief survey of wireless sensor network (WSN), WSN components, details of operating systems (TinyOS, RIOT, Nano-RK, MANTIS etc.) and WSN simulation software’s (NS2, OMNET++, J-Sim, JiST, GloMoSim, SSFNet etc.). The aim is to provide a better understanding of the current research issues in this field and outline the use of certain tools to meet the design objectives which will be useful to learner/researcher to develop WSNs applications. Keywords: Sensor nodes, Architecture, Operating system, Simulation software, Wireless technology.
    [Show full text]