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Review Electrochemical Immunosensors for Antibiotics
Review Electrochemical Immunosensors for Antibiotic Detection Aleksandra Pollap and Jolanta Kochana * Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-12-6862-416 Received: 27 March 2019; Accepted: 25 April 2019; Published: 1 May 2019 Abstract: Antibiotics are an important class of drugs destined for treatment of bacterial diseases. Misuses and overuses of antibiotics observed over the last decade have led to global problems of bacterial resistance against antibiotics (ABR). One of the crucial actions taken towards limiting the spread of antibiotics and controlling this dangerous phenomenon is the sensitive and accurate determination of antibiotics residues in body fluids, food products, and animals, as well as monitoring their presence in the environment. Immunosensors, a group of biosensors, can be considered an attractive tool because of their simplicity, rapid action, low-cost analysis, and especially, the unique selectivity arising from harnessing the antigen–antibody interaction that is the basis of immunosensor functioning. Herein, we present the recent achievements in the field of electrochemical immunosensors designed to determination of antibiotics. Keywords: antibiotic; immunosensor; antibody; electrochemical; immunoassay; antibacterial resistance 1. Introduction In recent years, a rapid development of analytical methods employing biosensors has been observed. A biosensor is a small analytical device that consists of a bioreceptor and a transducer. The role of a bioreceptor is the recognition of the target analyte, while a transducer converts the biological signal, produced by the bioreceptor and depending on the concentration of analyte molecules, into a measured signal, e.g., electrical, thermal, or optical [1]. -
Technical Information
Technical Information Antibiotic Assay Medium No.1 (Seed Agar) Product Code : DM1003 Application: - Antibiotic Assay Medium No.1 (Seed Agar) is used in the microbiological assay of beta-lactam and other antibiotics. Composition** Ingredients Gms / Litre Peptic digest of animal tissue (Peptone) 6.000 or detecting faecal coliforms drinking in water waste water, seawater and foods samples by MPN Method. Casein enzymic hydrolysate 4.000 Yeast extract 3.000 Beef extract 1.500 Dextrose 1.000 Agar 15.000 Final pH (at 25°C) 6.6±0.2 **Formula adjusted, standardized to suit performance parameters Principle & Interpretation The potency of an antibiotic can be determined by chemical, physical and biological methods. An assay is performed to determine the ability of an antibiotic to kill or inhibit the growth of living microorganisms. Biological tests offer the most convenient m eans of performing an assay (1), since a reduction in the antimicrobial activity of a specific antibiotic reveals changes that is not usually displayed by chemical methods (2). Antibacterial susceptibility testing may be performed by either dilution (turbidimetric) or diffusion methods. The choice o f methodology is based on many factors, including ease of performance, flexibility and use of automated or semi-automated devices for both identification and susceptibility testing (3). Grove and Randall have elucidated antibiotic assays and media in their comprehensive treatise on antibiotic assays (4). Antibiotic Assay Medium No.1 is used in the microbiological assay of ß-lactam and other antibiotics. These media are prepared according to the specifications detailed in various pharmacopoeias (2-6) and by the FDA (7). -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,662.400 B2 Smith Et Al
USOO9662400B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,662.400 B2 Smith et al. (45) Date of Patent: *May 30, 2017 (54) METHODS FOR PRODUCING A (2013.01); C08B 37/003 (2013.01); C08L 5/08 BODEGRADABLE CHITOSAN (2013.01); A6 IK 38/00 (2013.01); A61 L COMPOSITION AND USES THEREOF 2300/404 (2013.01) (58) Field of Classification Search (71) Applicant: University of Memphis Research CPC ...... A61K 47/36; A61K 31/00; A61K 9/7007; Foundation, Memphis, TN (US) A61K 9/0024; A61 L 15/28: A61L 27/20; A61L 27/58: A61L 31/042; C08B 37/003 (72) Inventors: James Keaton Smith, Memphis, TN USPC ................................ 514/23, 40, 777; 536/20 (US); Ashley C. Parker, Memphis, TN See application file for complete search history. (US); Jessica A. Jennings, Memphis, (56) References Cited TN (US); Benjamin T. Reves, Memphis, TN (US); Warren O. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Haggard, Bartlett, TN (US) 4,895,724. A * 1/1990 Cardinal .............. A61K9/0024 424,278.1 (73) Assignee: The University of Memphis Research 5,541,233 A 7/1996 Roenigk Foundation, Memphis, TN (US) 5,958,443 A 9/1999 Viegas et al. 6,699,287 B2 3/2004 Son et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,989,157 B2 1/2006 Gillis et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 7,371.403 B2 5/2008 McCarthy et al. 2003, OO15825 A1 1/2003 Sugie et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 2003/0206958 A1 11/2003 Cattaneo et al. -
Derivatives of Clavulanic Acid, Process for Their Preparation And
Europaisches Patentamt © ê European Patent Office © Publication number: 0 003 254 Office européen des brevets Bl © EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication of patent spécification: 28.03.84 © Int. ci.3: C 07 D 498/04, A 61 K 31/42, @ Application number: 78300762.8 A 61 K 31/43, @ Date offiling: 07.12.78 A 61 K 31/545 //(C07D498/04, 263/00, 205/00), (A6 1 K3 1 /43, 3 1/42), (A61K3 1/545, 31/42) (54) Derivatives of clavulanic acid, process for their préparation and compositions containing them. (§) Priority: 26.01 .78 GB 312978 @ Proprietor: BEECHAM GROUP PLC Beecham House Great West Road Brentford Middlesex (GB) (43) Date of publication of application: 08.08.79 Bulletin 79/1 6 @ Inventor: Gasson, Brian Charles 9, Clarence Walk (45) Publication of the grant of the patent: Redhill Surrey (GB) 28.03.84 Bulletin 84/13 © Représentative: Hesketh, Alan, Dr. et al, (84) Designated Contracting States: European Patent Attorney Beecham BE CH DEFRGBITNL Pharmaceuticals Great Burgh Yew Tree Bottom Road Epsom, Surrey, KT18 5XQ (GB) (56) Références cited: BE - A - 847 046 The file contains technical information submitted after the application was filed and not included in this spécification Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. -
28912 Oxoid FDA Cartridge Tables:1
* Adapted in part from CLSI document M100-S23 (M02-A11) : “Disc diffusion supplemental tablesʼʼ Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The complete standard may be obtained from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, PA 19807. Test Cultures (zone diameters in mm) Antimicrobial Agent Disc Code Potency Resistant Intermediate Susceptible Amikacin AK 30 μg EnterobacteriaceaeK, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., and Staphylococcus spp. ≤14 15-16 ≥17 Amoxycillin - Clavulanic Acid AMC 20/10 μg EnterobacteriaceaeE ≤13 14-17 ≥18 Staphylococcus spp.A,Q ≤19 — ≥20 Haemophilus spp.A,Y ≤19 — ≥20 AmpicillinC,n AMP 10 μg EnterobacteriaceaeE and Vibrio choleraef ≤13 14-16 ≥17 Staphylococcus spp.A,Q ≤28 — ≥29 Enterococcus spp.A,V,W,k,m ≤16 — ≥17 Haemophilus spp.Y ≤18 19-21 ≥22 Streptococcus spp. ß-Hemolytic GroupA,d — — ≥24 Ampicillin – Sulbactam SAM 10/10 μg EnterobacteriaceaeE, Acinetobacter spp., and Staphylococcus spp. ≤11 12-14 ≥15 Haemophilus spp.A,Y ≤19 — ≥20 Azithromycin AZM 15 μg Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp Viridans Groupn, ß-Hemolytic Group, and S. pneumoniae) ≤13 14-17 ≥18 Neisseria meningitidisA,i — — ≥20 Haemophilus spp.A — — ≥12 Aztreonam ATM 30 μg EnterobacteriaceaeE ≤17 18-20 ≤21 P. aeruginosa ≤15 16-21 ≥22 Haemophilus spp.A — — ≥26 CAR 100 μg Carbenicillin Enterobacteriaceae ≤19 20-22 ≥23 Pseudomonas aeruginosaP ≤13 14-16 ≥17 CEC 30 μg Cefaclor Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. ≤14 15-17 ≥18 Haemophilus spp.Y ≤16 17-19 ≥20 MA 30 μg Cefamandole EnterobacteriaceaeD,E and Staphylococcus spp. ≤14 15-17 ≥18 CefazolinG KZ 30 μg Staphylococcus spp. -
Virtual Screening of Inhibitors Against Envelope Glycoprotein of Chikungunya Virus: a Drug Repositioning Approach
www.bioinformation.net Research Article Volume 15(6) Virtual screening of inhibitors against Envelope glycoprotein of Chikungunya Virus: a drug repositioning approach Garima Agarwal1, Sanjay Gupta1, Reema Gabrani1, Amita Gupta2, Vijay Kumar Chaudhary2, Vandana Gupta3* 1Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP 201309, India: 2Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease Research, Education and Training, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi 110021, India: 3Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi South Campus (UDSC), Benito Juarez Marg, New Delhi 110021, India. Vandana Gupta – E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: +91 7838004880 Received April 1, 2019; Accepted April 16, 2019; Published June 15, 2019 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015439 Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) a re-emerging mosquito-borne alpha virus causes significant distress which is further accentuated in the lack of specific therapeutics or a preventive vaccine, mandating accelerated research for anti-CHIKV therapeutics. In recent years, drug repositioning has gained recognition for the curative interventions for its cost and time efficacy. CHIKV envelope proteins are considered to be the promising targets for drug discovery because of their essential role in viral attachment and entry in the host cells. In the current study, we propose structure-based virtual screening of drug molecule on the crystal structure of mature Chikungunya envelope protein (PDB 3N41) using a library of FDA approved drug molecules. Several cephalosporin drugs docked successfully within two binding sites prepared at E1-E2 interface of CHIKV envelop protein complex with significantly low binding energies. Cefmenoxime, ceforanide, cefotetan, cefonicid sodium and cefpiramide were identified as top leads with a cumulative score of -67.67, -64.90, -63.78, -61.99, and - 61.77, forming electrostatic, hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds within both the binding sites. -
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VOLUME 7 NOMOR 2 DESEMBER 2020 ISSN 2548 – 611X JURNAL BIOTEKNOLOGI & BIOSAINS INDONESIA Homepage Jurnal: http://ejurnal.bppt.go.id/index.php/JBBI IN SILICO STUDY OF CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVES TO INHIBIT THE ACTIONS OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa Studi In Silico Senyawa Turunan Sefalosporin dalam Menghambat Aktivitas Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa Saly Amaliacahya Aprilian*, Firdayani, Susi Kusumaningrum Pusat Teknologi Farmasi dan Medika, BPPT, Gedung LAPTIAB 610-612 Kawasan Puspiptek, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314 *Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Infeksi yang diakibatkan oleh bakteri gram-negatif, seperti Pseudomonas aeruginosa telah menyebar luas di seluruh dunia. Hal ini menjadi ancaman terhadap kesehatan masyarakat karena merupakan bakteri yang multi-drug resistance dan sulit diobati. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya pengembangan agen antimikroba untuk mengobati infeksi semakin meningkat dan salah satu yang saat ini banyak dikembangkan adalah senyawa turunan sefalosporin. Penelitian ini melakukan studi mengenai interaksi tiga dimensi (3D) antara antibiotik dari senyawa turunan Sefalosporin dengan penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) pada P. aeruginosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklarifikasi bahwa agen antimikroba yang berasal dari senyawa turunan sefalosporin efektif untuk menghambat aktivitas bakteri P. aeruginosa. Struktur PBPs didapatkan dari Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 5DF9). Sketsa struktur turunan sefalosporin digambar menggunakan Marvins Sketch. Kemudian, studi mengenai interaksi antara antibiotik dan PBPs dilakukan menggunakan program Mollegro Virtual Docker 6.0. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu nilai rerank score terendah dari kelima generasi sefalosporin, di antaranya sefalotin (-116.306), sefotetan (-133.605), sefoperazon (-160.805), sefpirom (- 144.045), dan seftarolin fosamil (-146.398). Keywords: antibiotik, penicillin-binding proteins, P. aeruginosa, sefalosporin, studi interaksi ABSTRACT Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been spreading worldwide. -
12. What's Really New in Antibiotic Therapy Print
What’s really new in antibiotic therapy? Martin J. Hug Freiburg University Medical Center EAHP Academy Seminars 20-21 September 2019 Newsweek, May 24-31 2019 Disclosures There are no conflicts of interest to declare EAHP Academy Seminars 20-21 September 2019 Antiinfectives and Resistance EAHP Academy Seminars 20-21 September 2019 Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to Pip.-Taz. olates) EAHP Academy Seminars 20-21 September 2019 https://resistancemap.cddep.org/AntibioticResistance.php Multiresistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Combined resistance against at least three different types of antibiotics, 2017 EAHP Academy Seminars 20-21 September 2019 https://atlas.ecdc.europa.eu/public/index.aspx Distribution of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae EAHP Academy Seminars 20-21 September 2019 Rossolini GM. Global threat of Gram-negative antimicrobial resistance. 27th ECCMID, Vienna, 2017, IS07 Priority Pathogens Defined by the World Health Organisation Critical Priority High Priority Medium Priority Acinetobacter baumanii Enterococcus faecium Streptococcus pneumoniae carbapenem-resistant vancomycin-resistant penicillin-non-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa Helicobacter pylori Haemophilus influenzae carbapenem-resistant clarithromycin-resistant ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Salmonella species Shigella species carbapenem-resistant fluoroquinolone-resistant fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus vancomycin or methicillin -resistant Campylobacter species fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoae 3rd gen. cephalosporin-resistant -
Tyrothricin Πan Underrated Agent for the Treatment of Bacterial Skin
REVIEW Engelhard Arzneimittel GmbH & Co KG, Niederdorfelden, Germany Tyrothricin – An underrated agent for the treatment of bacterial skin infections and superficial wounds? C. LANG , C. STAIGER Received February 22, 2015, accepted March 23, 2016 Dr. Christopher Lang, Engelhard Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG, Herzbergstr. 3, 61138 Niederdorfelden, Germany [email protected] Pharmazie 71:299–305 (2016) doi: 10.1691/ph.2016.6038 The antimicrobial agent tyrothricin is a representative of the group of antimicrobial peptides (AMP). It is produced by Bacillus brevis and consists of tyrocidines and gramicidins. The compound mixture shows activity against bacteria, fungi and some viruses. A very interesting feature of AMPs is the fact, that even in vitro it is almost impossible to induce resistances. Therefore, this class of molecules is discussed as one group that could serve as next generation antibiotics and overcome the increasing problem of bacterial resistances. In daily practice, the application of tyrothricin containing formulations is relatively limited: It is used in sore throat medications and in agents for the healing of infected superficial and small-area wounds. However, due to the broad spectrum anti- microbial activity and the low risk of resistance development it is worth to consider further fields of application. 1. Introduction 2. Structure, production, properties A decade after Alexander Fleming published his findings on Tyrothricin is a mixture of polypeptides, consisting of 50 % - 70 % the antibiotic effect of penicillin in 1929 (Fleming 1929), René tyrocidines and 25 % to 50 % gramicidins (Ph.Eur. 8th edition Dubos discovered tyrothricin, a polypeptide mixture obtained 2014). The group of tyrocidines are basic, cyclic peptides, whereas from Bacillus brevis, which was isolated from soil. -
Mechanisms of Resistance to P-Lactam Antibiotics Amongst 1993
J. Med. Microbiol. - Vol. 43 (1999, 30G309 0 1995 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland ANTI MICROBIAL AGENTS Mechanisms of resistance to p-lactam antibiotics amongst Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected in the UK in 1993 H. Y. CHEN, ME1 YUAN and D. M. LIVERMORE Department of Medical Microbiology, The London Hospital Medical College, Turner Street, London El 2AD Summary. Antimicrobial resistance among 199 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected at 24 UK hospitals during late 1993 was surveyed. Three-hundred and seventy-two of the isolates were resistant, or had reduced susceptibility, to some or all of azlocillin, carbenicillin, ceftazidime, imipenem and meropenem, and the mechanisms underlying their behaviour were examined. Only 13 isolates produced secondary p-lactamases : six possessed PSE- 1 or PSE-4 enzymes and seven had novel OXA enzyme types. Those with PSE types were highly resistant to azlocillin and carbenicillin whereas those with OXA enzymes were less resistant to these penicillins. Chromosomal p-lactamase derepression was demonstrated in 54 isolates, most of which were resistant to ceftazidime and azlocillin although susceptible to carbenicillin and carbapenems. p-Lactamase-independent “ intrinsic” resistance occurred in 277 isolates and is believed to reflect some combination of impermeability and efflux. Two forms were seen : the classical type, present in 195 isolates, gave carbenicillin resistance (MIC > 128 mg/L) and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and to all p-lactam agents except imipenem; a novel variant, seen in 82 isolates, affected only azlocillin, ceftazidime and, to a small extent, meropenem. Resistance to imipenem was largely dissociated from that to other p-lactam agents, and probably reflected loss of D2 porin, whereas resistance to meropenem was mostly associated with intrinsic resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins. -
Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 3 (Assay Broth) Is Used for Microbiological Assay of Antibiotics. M042
HiMedia Laboratories Technical Data Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 3 (Assay Broth) is used for M042 microbiological assay of antibiotics. Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 3 (Assay Broth) is used for microbiological assay of antibiotics. Composition** Ingredients Gms / Litre Peptic digest of animal tissue (Peptone) 5.000 Beef extract 1.500 Yeast extract 1.500 Dextrose 1.000 Sodium chloride 3.500 Dipotassium phosphate 3.680 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.320 Final pH ( at 25°C) 7.0±0.2 **Formula adjusted, standardized to suit performance parameters Directions Suspend 17.5 grams in 1000 ml distilled water. Heat if necessary to dissolve the medium completely. Sterilize by autoclaving at 15 lbs pressure (121°C) for 15 minutes. Advice:Recommended for the Microbiological assay of Amikacin, Bacitracin, Capreomycin, Chlortetracycline,Chloramphenicol,Cycloserine,Demeclocycline,Dihydrostreptomycin, Doxycycline, Gentamicin, Gramicidin, Kanamycin, Methacycline, Neomycin, Novobiocin, Oxytetracycline, Rolitetracycline, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Tobramycin, Trolendomycin and Tylosin according to official methods . Principle And Interpretation Antibiotic Assay Medium is used in the performance of antibiotic assays. Grove and Randall have elucidated those antibiotic assays and media in their comprehensive treatise on antibiotic assays (1). Antibiotic Assay Medium No. 3 (Assay Broth) is used in the microbiological assay of different antibiotics in pharmaceutical and food products by the turbidimetric method. Ripperre et al reported that turbidimetric methods for determining the potency of antibiotics are inherently more accurate and more precise than agar diffusion procedures (2). Turbidimetric antibiotic assay is based on the change or inhibition of growth of a test microorganims in a liquid medium containing a uniform concentration of an antibiotic. After incubation of the test organism in the working dilutions of the antibiotics, the amount of growth is determined by measuring the light transmittance using spectrophotometer. -
Prediction of Premature Termination Codon Suppressing Compounds for Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using Machine Learning
Prediction of Premature Termination Codon Suppressing Compounds for Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy using Machine Learning Kate Wang et al. Supplemental Table S1. Drugs selected by Pharmacophore-based, ML-based and DL- based search in the FDA-approved drugs database Pharmacophore WEKA TF 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3- 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D- (phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)) ribofuranosyl diphosphate Acarbose Amikacin Acetylcarnitine Acetarsol Arbutamine Acetylcholine Adenosine Aldehydo-N-Acetyl-D- Benserazide Acyclovir Glucosamine Bisoprolol Adefovir dipivoxil Alendronic acid Brivudine Alfentanil Alginic acid Cefamandole Alitretinoin alpha-Arbutin Cefdinir Azithromycin Amikacin Cefixime Balsalazide Amiloride Cefonicid Bethanechol Arbutin Ceforanide Bicalutamide Ascorbic acid calcium salt Cefotetan Calcium glubionate Auranofin Ceftibuten Cangrelor Azacitidine Ceftolozane Capecitabine Benserazide Cerivastatin Carbamoylcholine Besifloxacin Chlortetracycline Carisoprodol beta-L-fructofuranose Cilastatin Chlorobutanol Bictegravir Citicoline Cidofovir Bismuth subgallate Cladribine Clodronic acid Bleomycin Clarithromycin Colistimethate Bortezomib Clindamycin Cyclandelate Bromotheophylline Clofarabine Dexpanthenol Calcium threonate Cromoglicic acid Edoxudine Capecitabine Demeclocycline Elbasvir Capreomycin Diaminopropanol tetraacetic acid Erdosteine Carbidopa Diazolidinylurea Ethchlorvynol Carbocisteine Dibekacin Ethinamate Carboplatin Dinoprostone Famotidine Cefotetan Dipyridamole Fidaxomicin Chlormerodrin Doripenem Flavin adenine dinucleotide