Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority CONTENTS
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State: Uttar Pradesh Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: Kasganj
State: Uttar Pradesh Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: Kasganj 1.0 District Agriculture profile 1.1 Agro-Climatic/ Ecological Zone Agro-Ecological Sub Region(ICAR) Western plain zone Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Upper Gangetic Plain Region Agro-Climatic Zone (NARP) UP-3 South-western Semi-arid Zone List all the districts falling the NARP Zone* (^ 50% area Firozabad, Aligrah, Hathras, Mathura, Mainpuri, Etah falling in the zone) Geographical coordinates of district headquarters Latitude Latitude Latitude(mt) 27.48N 78.42E Name and address of the concerned - ZRS/ZARS/RARS/RRS/RRTTS Mention the KVK located in the district with address Krishi Vigyan Kendra Etah Name and address of the nearest Agromet Field SVBP University of Agriculture & Technology Meerut Unit(AMFU,IMD)for agro advisories in the Zone 1.2 Rainfall Normal RF (mm) Normal Rainy Normal Onset Normal Cessation Days (Number) (Specify week and month) (Specify week and month) SW monsoon (June-sep) 612.1 49 3rd week of june 4th week of September Post monsoon (Oct-Dec) 29.4 10 Winter (Jan-March) 39.8 5 - - Pre monsoon (Apr-May) 13.6 2 - - Annual 694.9 66 1.3 Land use pattern Geographical Cultivable Forest Land under Permanent Cultivable Land Barren and Current Other of the district area area area non- pastures wasteland under uncultivable fallows fallows (Latest agricultural Misc.tree land statistics) use crops and groves Area in (,000 195.601 164.044 2.057 26.395 0.207 10.506 0.506 2.898 6.609 5.187 ha) 1. 4 Major Soils (common names like red sandy loam deep soils (etc.,)* Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%) of total Deep, loamy soils 98.5 45% Deep Silty loam 52.5 24 % Deep fine soil 39.0 18 % 4.Saline-alkaline 21.0 10 % 1.5 Agricultural land use Area(‘000 ha) Cropping intensity (%) Net sown area 141.2 149 % Area sown more than once 104.2 Gross cropped area 245.4 1.6 Irrigation Area(‘000 ha) Net irrigation area 139.3 Gross irrigated area 207.9 Rain fed area 1.9 Sources of irrigation(Gross Irr. -
Indian Minerals Yearbook 2018
STATE REVIEWS Indian Minerals Yearbook 2018 (Part- I) 57th Edition STATE REVIEWS (Uttar Pradesh) (FINAL RELEASE) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR – 440 001 PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471 PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648 E-MAIL : [email protected] Website: www.ibm.gov.in November, 2019 11-1 STATE REVIEWS UTTAR PRADESH phosphate in Lalitpur district (Table -1). The reserves/resources of coal along with details of Mineral Resources coalfield are provided in Table-2. The State is the principal holder of country's Exploration & Development andalusite & diaspore resources and possesses 78% During 2017-18, the Sate DGM and GSI had andalusite, 37% diaspore, 17% sillimanite and 10% conducted exploration activities. GSI carried out pyrophyllite. Important minerals occurring in the exploration for iron ore, rare-earth element (REE), State are: coal in Singrauli coalfields, Sonbhadra gold, rock phosphate & andalusite etc. in Sonbhadra, district; and diaspore & pyrophyllite in Hamirpur, Jhansi & Hamirpur districts. The details of Jhansi, Lalitpur and Mahoba districts. Naini area of exploration carried out by GSI and DGM in the State Allahabad district contains high quality silica sand, are furnished in Table-3. an important source of glass sand, containing 98% Production SiO2 and a very low Fe2O3 is found in Shankargarh, Coal, limestone and sulphur were the mineral Lohargarh in Allahabad district and also Bargarh in items produced in Uttar Pradesh during 2017-18. Banda district. Silica sand is also found in Aligarh and Chitrakoot districts. The value of minor minerals production was es- timated at ` 5,614 crore for the year 2017-18. -
District Wise EC Issued
District wise Environmental Clearances Issued for various Development Projects Agra Sl No. Name of Applicant Project Title Category Date 1 Rancy Construction (P) Ltd.S-19. Ist Floor, Complex "The Banzara Mall" at Plot No. 21/263, at Jeoni Mandi, Agra. Building Construction/Area 24-09-2008 Panchsheel Park, New Delhi-110017 Development 2 G.M. (Project) M/s SINCERE DEVELOPERS (P) LTD., SINCERE DEVELOPERS (P) LTD (Hotel Project) Shilp Gram, Tajganj Road, AGRA Building Construction/Area 18-12-2008 Block - 53/4, UPee Tower IIIrd Floor, Sanjav Place, Development AGRA 3 Mr. S.N. Raja, Project Coordinator, M/s GANGETIC Large Scale Shopping, Entertainment and Hotel Unit at G-1, Taj Nagari Phase-II, Basai, Building Construction/Area 19-03-2009 Developers Pvt. Ltd. C-11, Panchsheel Enclve, IIIrd Agra Development Floor, New Delhi 4 M/s Ansal Properties and Infrastructure Ltd 115, E.C. For Integrated Township, Agra Building Construction/Area 07-10-2009 Ansal Bhawan, 16, K.G. Marg, New Delhi-110001 Development 5 Chief Engineer, U.P.P.W.D., Agra Zone, Agra. “Strengthening and widening road to 6 Lane from kheria Airport via Idgah Crosing, Taj Infrastructure 11-09-2008 Mahal in Agra City.” 6 Mr. R.K. Gaud, Technical Advisor, Construction & Solid Waste Management Scheme in Agra City. Infrastructure 02-09-2008 Design Services, U.P. Jal Nigam, 2 Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg, Lucknow-226001 7 Agra Development Authority, Authority Office ADA Height, Agra Phase II Fatehbad Road, AGRA Building Construction/Area 29-12-2008 Jaipur House AGRA. Development 8 M/s Nikhil Indus Infrastructure Ltd., Mr. -
Government of India Ministry of Tourism Rajya Sabha
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF TOURISM RAJYA SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO.87# ANSWERED ON 27.07.2021 NEW TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS 87 #. DR. ASHOK BAJPAI: Will the Minister of TOURISM be pleased to state: (a) the number of tourism projects which have been sanctioned and implemented by Government for infrastructural development in the tourism sector during the last three years; (b) the amount sanctioned for tourism projects of Uttar Pradesh; and (c) the number of new tourism projects that are proposed to be sanctioned during the current year, State-wise? ANSWER MINISTER OF TOURISM (SHRI G. KISHAN REDDY) (a) to (c): A statement is laid on the table of the House. *********** STATEMENT IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) TO (c) OF RAJYA SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO.87# ANSWERED ON 27.07.2021 REGARDING NEW TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS. (a): The Ministry of Tourism under its schemes of ‘Swadesh Darshan’ and ‘National Mission on Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual, Heritage Augmentation Drive (PRASHAD)’ provides financial assistance to State Governments/Union Territory (UT) Administrations/Central Agencies for development of tourism infrastructure. In addition, projects pertaining to development of tourism infrastructure are also sanctioned under ‘Assistance to Central Agencies for Tourism Infrastructure Development Scheme’. During the last three years 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21, the Ministry of Tourism has sanctioned 10 projects under ‘Swadesh Darshan scheme’, 13 projects under ‘PRASHAD scheme’ and 13 projects under ‘Assistance to Central Agencies for Tourism Infrastructure Development Scheme’ in the country. (b): During the period 2018-19 to 2020-21, the Ministry of Tourism has sanctioned the following three projects in Uttar Pradesh under ‘Swadesh Darshan’ scheme. -
Solitairian-City-4525.Pdf
BEST PROJECT ON YAMUNA EXPRESSWAY BY BUILDERS COUNCIL OF INDIA (BCI), at the 28th BCI National Awards 2014, Award for Sparkling Gem ISO 9001 : 2008 Member ISO 14001 : 2004 Most Admire Project Award for CREDAI in Jaypee Sports City, Outstanding Efforts in the Yamuna Expressway Indian Real Estate Sector ICONIC TOWERS • VILLAS • COT TAGES • APARTMENTS Welcome to Le Solitairian Group. A company Embrace the richness of life at Solitarian driven by passion to create iconic developments City. Here the living spaces have a that bear the mark of flawless construction, luxurious air all around. Every apartment exemplifying outstanding sense of planning and has been thoughtfully designed to let design in all its real estate endeavors. Under the adequate ventilation and light and is able leadership of Mr. Harjeet Singh Sahni, vaastu friendly. Even your privacy is not solitaire took its first steps towards creating compromised as the project has 70% excellence in Real Estate. Le Solitaire aims to be open space devoid of any structures. recognized as an avant-garde in the dynamic Here the ambience is infectiously realty sector, by etching its pathway on the road mesmerizing. The well manicured map through its ongoing and upcoming projects garden lulls you into forgetting the and thus capitalizing the dynamic opportunities world. The inviting waters of the blue in real estate and infrastructure development. pool and the gentle tweet of birds send your spirits soaring. Come home to an Le Solitairian Group today is a promising real exclusive lifestyle, virgin serenity, a estate group engaged in its flagship business of mesmerizing splendor of modern construction with a significant presence in Delhi amenities matched with boundless NCR and Lucknow. -
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- 9!"( : : : 456 !47,0- %#232%3* %46/00 .#%4)05 (% %6@"4&%*@#873) *E%7 ;;(4*(&4"64*%#83A4@ @D6&C)@A43!63 "4&8$+3*5 #*(͂)5@ @3$#6@6(8@ $#3"6A@# 3"!#46@4)!%@643" 4$#7638!4@*83"!#4A&*4 63$*(74@6$%63& "4#@"83 #B"4@"C6'B5" &$ &2 3; <44% ;=0 >)4 8 9(8 8 ,)),:,-' % % 345"4 s coronavirus infection is Aresurfacing fast in the US, the UK, Russia and Bangladesh R — and back home Maharashtra and Kerala record more than half of the total Covid-19 cases registered last week — the 345"4 than 1,500 PSA oxygen plants Centre on Friday warned that are coming up across the nation the pandemic is far from over gainst the backdrop of which includes contributions and there is no room for com- Ascarce availability of oxy- from PM CARES as well as var- placency. gen supply during the virulent ious ministries and PSUs, The Government also second wave of Covid-19, according to the Prime 345"4 “The hope expressed in riage was conducted as per expressed its disappointment at Prime Minister Narendra Modi Minister’s Office. Article 44 of the Constitution Hindu rites and the provision the visuals from tourist spots on Friday reviewed the Oxygen plants contributed he Delhi High Court on that the State shall secure for its of exclusion is meant only to and the way people were min- progress of oxygen availability by PM CARES are coming up TFriday urged the Centre to citizens Uniform Civil Code protect the customary practices gling without following Covid across the country and direct- in all States and districts of the take steps to bring in a Uniform ought not to remain a mere of recognised tribes. -
State: Uttar Pradesh Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: Aligarh
State: Uttar Pradesh Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: Aligarh 1.0 District Agriculture profile 1.1 Agro-Climatic/ Ecological Zone Agro-Ecological Sub Region(ICAR) Western plain zone Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Upper Gangetic Plain Region Agro-Climatic Zone (NARP) UP-3 South-western Semi-arid Zone List all the districts falling the NARP Zone* (^ 50% area falling in the Firozabad, Aligarh, Hathras, Mathura, Mainpuri, Etah zone) Geographical coordinates of district headquarters Latitude Latitude Latitude (mt.) 27.55N 78.10E - Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ZARS/RARS/RRS/RRTTS - Mention the KVK located in the district with address Krishi Vigyan Kendra , Aligarh Name and address of the nearest Agromet Field Unit(AMFU,IMD)for CSAUAT, KANPUR agro advisories in the Zone 1.2 Rainfall Normal RF (mm) Normal Rainy Normal Onset Normal Cessation Days (Number) (Specify week and month) (Specify week and month) SW monsoon (June-sep) 579.5 49 3nd week of June 4th week of September Post monsoon (Oct-Dec) 25.3 10 Winter (Jan-March) 42.3 - - - Pre monsoon (Apr-May) 15.7 - - - Annual 662.8 49 1.3 Land use Geographical Cultivable Forest Land under Permanent Cultivable Land Barren and Current Other pattern of the area area area non- pastures wasteland under uncultivable fallows fallows district agricultural Misc.tree land (Latest use crops statistics) and groves Area in (000 371.3 321.3 2.6 40.6 1.7 6.5 0.3 5.0 5.4 5.0 ha) 1 1.4 Major Soils Area(‘000 hac) Percent(%) of total Deep, loamy soils 128.5 40% Deep, silty soils 73.8 23% Deep, fine soils 61.0 19% 1.5 Agricultural land use Area(‘000 ha.) Cropping intensity (%) Net sown area 304.0 169 % Area sown more than once 240.7 Gross cropped area 544.7 1.6 Irrigation Area(‘000 ha) Net irrigation area 302.1 Gross irrigated area 455.7 Rainfed area 1.9 Sources of irrigation(Gross Irr. -
List of Life Members As on 20Th January 2021
LIST OF LIFE MEMBERS AS ON 20TH JANUARY 2021 10. Dr. SAURABH CHANDRA SAXENA(2154) ALIGARH S/O NAGESH CHANDRA SAXENA POST HARDNAGANJ 1. Dr. SAAD TAYYAB DIST ALIGARH 202 125 UP INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOTECHNOLOGY [email protected] UNIT, ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH 202 002 11. Dr. SHAGUFTA MOIN (1261) [email protected] DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY J. N. MEDICAL COLLEGE 2. Dr. HAMMAD AHMAD SHADAB G. G.(1454) ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY 31 SECTOR OF GENETICS ALIGARH 202 002 DEPT. OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY 12. SHAIK NISAR ALI (3769) ALIGARH 202 002 DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCE 3. Dr. INDU SAXENA (1838) ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH 202 002 HIG 30, ADA COLONY [email protected] AVANTEKA PHASE I RAMGHAT ROAD, ALIGARH 202 001 13. DR. MAHAMMAD REHAN AJMAL KHAN (4157) 4/570, Z-5, NOOR MANZIL COMPOUND 4. Dr. (MRS) KHUSHTAR ANWAR SALMAN(3332) DIDHPUR, CIVIL LINES DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY ALIGARH UP 202 002 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU MEDICAL COLLEGE [email protected] ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH 202 002 14. DR. HINA YOUNUS (4281) [email protected] INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIT ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY 5. Dr. MOHAMMAD TABISH (2226) ALIGARH U.P. 202 002 DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY [email protected] FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY 15. DR. IMTIYAZ YOUSUF (4355) ALIGARH 202 002 DEPT OF CHEMISTRY, [email protected] ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH, UP 202002 6. Dr. MOHAMMAD AFZAL (1101) [email protected] DEPT. OF ZOOLOGY [email protected] ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH 202 002 ALLAHABAD 7. Dr. RIAZ AHMAD(1754) SECTION OF GENETICS 16. -
List of Class Wise Ulbs of Uttar Pradesh
List of Class wise ULBs of Uttar Pradesh Classification Nos. Name of Town I Class 50 Moradabad, Meerut, Ghazia bad, Aligarh, Agra, Bareilly , Lucknow , Kanpur , Jhansi, Allahabad , (100,000 & above Population) Gorakhpur & Varanasi (all Nagar Nigam) Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Sambhal, Chandausi, Rampur, Amroha, Hapur, Modinagar, Loni, Bulandshahr , Hathras, Mathura, Firozabad, Etah, Badaun, Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpur, Sitapur, Hardoi , Unnao, Raebareli, Farrukkhabad, Etawah, Orai, Lalitpur, Banda, Fatehpur, Faizabad, Sultanpur, Bahraich, Gonda, Basti , Deoria, Maunath Bhanjan, Ballia, Jaunpur & Mirzapur (all Nagar Palika Parishad) II Class 56 Deoband, Gangoh, Shamli, Kairana, Khatauli, Kiratpur, Chandpur, Najibabad, Bijnor, Nagina, Sherkot, (50,000 - 99,999 Population) Hasanpur, Mawana, Baraut, Muradnagar, Pilkhuwa, Dadri, Sikandrabad, Jahangirabad, Khurja, Vrindavan, Sikohabad,Tundla, Kasganj, Mainpuri, Sahaswan, Ujhani, Beheri, Faridpur, Bisalpur, Tilhar, Gola Gokarannath, Laharpur, Shahabad, Gangaghat, Kannauj, Chhibramau, Auraiya, Konch, Jalaun, Mauranipur, Rath, Mahoba, Pratapgarh, Nawabganj, Tanda, Nanpara, Balrampur, Mubarakpur, Azamgarh, Ghazipur, Mughalsarai & Bhadohi (all Nagar Palika Parishad) Obra, Renukoot & Pipri (all Nagar Panchayat) III Class 167 Nakur, Kandhla, Afzalgarh, Seohara, Dhampur, Nehtaur, Noorpur, Thakurdwara, Bilari, Bahjoi, Tanda, Bilaspur, (20,000 - 49,999 Population) Suar, Milak, Bachhraon, Dhanaura, Sardhana, Bagpat, Garmukteshwer, Anupshahar, Gulathi, Siana, Dibai, Shikarpur, Atrauli, Khair, Sikandra -
Construction and Infrastructure- Mar'21
Construction and Infrastructure- Mar’21 VP Research: Shravan Shah Associate: Maulik Shah/Parth Bhavsar Tel: +91 22 40969749 Tel: +91 22 40969775 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]/[email protected] April 09, 2021 April 09, 2021 2 Monthly Update - Mar 2021 Announcement of New Investments . New investments announced up by 75.4% YoY to Rs1,722 bn (up 60.3% MoM) ACIL in Mar’21, primarily due to increase in Roads/ Power which was partially offset CMP / Target by fall in Others/ Railway. New investments announced in FY21 decreased Rs293/Rs326 13.4% YoY to Rs10,595.1 bn owing to the fall in Others/ Railways which was 3 partially offset by rise in Manufacturing/ Roads. DBL . Manufacturing segment saw a major portion of new investments with 35.5% CMP / Target Rs 575 / Rs 569 share followed by Roads/ Power at 20.6%/ 15.0% in Mar’21 HG Infra . Higher concentration of new investments announced was seen in Odisha with 30.8% share followed by Uttar Pradesh with 14.2% share. CMP / Target Rs 2 83 / Rs 410 . Major Projects announced in Mar’21 includes Integrated Steel Plant (Kendrapada) (Rs500 bn), Ganga Expressway (Ubariya Khurd-Sarso) Project J Kumar (Group-III) (Rs58.1 bn) and Pumped Storage Hydel Power (Shahpur) Project CMP/ Target Rs 1 93 / Rs 267 (Rs118.8 bn) KNR Tenders Published CMP / Target Rs 218 / Rs 240 . Tenders issued increased 82.4% YoY to Rs835.7 bn in Mar’21 led by Roads/ Irrigation. Tenders published in FY21 increased 44.4% YoY to Rs7,981.7 bn, led NCC by rise in Roads/ Mining/ Water. -
Meerut Zone, Opposite Ccs University, Mangal Pandey Nagar, Meerut
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER, CUSTOMS, CENTRAL GOODS AND SERVICES TAX:: MEERUT ZONE, OPPOSITE CCS UNIVERSITY, MANGAL PANDEY NAGAR, MEERUT Designation of CPIOs & Appellate Authorities in CBEC Website under RTI ACT 2005 :: MEERUT ZONE REPORT FOR THE QUARTER ENDING March – 2018 A. Chief Commissioner/ Director General/ Director Notified Office/ Location Officer Name & Designation of the S. No. of Chief Name & Designation of the CPIO Jurisdiction for Appellate Authority Commissionerate payment of fees Shri R. K. Gupta, Shri Roshan Lal, Assistant Commissioner, Joint Commissioner O/o the Chief Commissioner, O/o the Chief Commissioner, Assistant Information pertaining Opp. CCS University, Mangal Opp. CCS University, Mangal Chief to the Office of the 1 Meerut Zone Pandey Nagar, Meerut - 250004 Pandey Nagar, Meerut - 250004 Accounts Chief Commissioner, Ph No: 0121-2792745 Ph No: 0121-2600605 Officer, Meerut Zone, Meerut. Fax No: 0121-2761472 Fax No:0121-2769707 Central Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] GST, [email protected] [email protected] Meerut B. Commissioner/ Addl. Director General Notified S. Commission Name & Designation of the officer for Name & Designation of the CPIO Jurisdiction No. erate Appellate Authority payment of fees Areas falling Shri Kamlesh Singh Shri Roshan Lal Joint Commissioner under the Assistant Chief Assistant Commissioner Districts of Accounts O/o the Commissioner, Office of the Commissioner of Central Meerut, Officer, Office Central GST Commissionerate Goods & Services Tax, Baghpat, of the Central GST Meerut, Opp. CCS University, Commissionerate: Meerut, Opposite: Muzaffarnagar, Commissioner Meerut Mangal Pandey Nagar, Meerut. Saharanpur, 1 Chaudhary Charan Singh University, of Central Commissione Fax No: 0121-2792773 Shamli, Goods & Mangal Pandey Nagar, Meerut- rate Amroha, Services Tax, 250004 Moradabad, Commissionera Bijnore and te: Meerut Ph No: 0121-2600605 Rampur in the Fax No:0121-2769707 State of Uttar Pradesh. -
Planning Proposals for Water Supply of U.P. Sub Region of Ncr
PLANNING PROPOSALS FOR WATER SUPPLY OF U.P. SUB REGION OF NCR A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF URBAN AND RURAL PLANNING By MATINDER KUMAR DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE ROORKEE - 247 667 (INDIA) JUNE, 2007 CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION I hereby certify that the work, which is being presented in the dissertation, entitled "PLANNING PROPOSALS FOR WATER SUPPLY OF U.P. SUB REGION OF NCR", in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF URBAN AND RURAL PLANNING submitted in the Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology - Roorkee, is an authentic record of my own work carried out during the period from May 2006 to June 2007 under the supervision of Prof. R. K. Jain, Associate Professor, Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology - Roorkee. The matter embodied in this dissertation has not been submitted by me for the award of any other Degree. Place: Roorkee ktrAihnkt Dated: June 2c12007 (Matinder Kumar) This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate Mr. Matinder Kumar is correct to the best of my knowledge. Place: Roorkee Dated: June, 2007 (Prof. R. K. Jain) Associate Professor Department of Architecture and Planning Indian Institute of Technology - Roorkee Roorkee — 247667, India ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to my respected guide Prof. R. K. Jain, Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (Uttrakhand) for his constant encouragement, support and expert guidance throughout this work starting from choosing the topic.