DOCSLIB.ORG

The Author Has Granted a Non- Exclusive Licence Allowing The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Author Has Granted a Non- Exclusive Licence Allowing The National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellingtori Ottawa ON KIA ON4 OtfawaON K1AW Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microficbe/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Impacts of Otter Trawling on Infaunal Bivalves Living in Sandy Bottom Habitats on the Grand Banks by %ent Gilkinson A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of BiologyRaculty of Science Mernorial University of Newfoundland St. JOhn' s, Newfoundland St. John's Newfoundland Abstract Otter trawling has been the prevalent method of ground fishg in Atlantic Canada Despite this, little is known about associated impacts to benthic habitat and cornmunities. This thesis examines the impacts of otter trawling on bivalves living in sand, a bottom type occurring widely over the Grand Banks. Bivalves are dominant membea of sandy bottoms on continental shelves and are good indicatoa of physical disturbance. Two broad categories of impacts to benthos from mobile fishing gear are direct harvest and incidental damage. Bivalves have low susceptibility to capture by groundfish otter trawls; trawl capture efficiency is on the order of 1O*? In order to investigate incidental impacts, a chree-year otter trawling expenment was conducted on a fine to medium sand bottom on the northeastem Grand Bank. Each year a total of 12 trawl passes were made dong the centre line of two 13 km by 200 m experimental comdors. Sampling was conducted inside experimentai and adjacent reference comdors with a 0.5 m' hydraulic grab. No significant effects of trawling were detected on bivalve populations in any year. Shallow burrowing species showed no significant changes in density or biomass and recruitment of juveniles 5 3 mm was apparent inside trawled comdors. The size structure of populations fiom trawled and reference areas were similar. Mean (2sd) percent major shell damage immediately afler trawling was Iow, ranging from 2.8 2 6.1% to 13.5 + 9.4%. Trawl doon are the most destructive gear component of otter trawls. A physical trawl door mode1 was towed through an artificial sand testbed, constructed to resemble an offshore seabed. Aithough bivalves within the scour path were displaced, levels of damage were low (c. 5%), similar to levels of damage from the combined effects of dl gear components recorded in the field experiment. The anomaly of disp lacement, accompanied by few instances of damage, is explained by sediment mechanics associated with scouring and size and life positiix of infaunal bivalves. Compared to naturai sediment-mediated distubances, otter trawling cm be manipulated over a wide range of Frequencies. Individual and population-level adaptive traits probably confer considerable stability to sandy bottom bivalve populations exposed to typical patterns of trawling activity on the Grand Banks. iii Acknowledgements 1 dedicate my thesis to my family. 1 cannot adequately express my gratitude to my wife Linda for her unwavering support, encouragement and patience. I thank my daughtea, Courtney and Kayla, for being so understanding about my many weekend absences. 1 apologize to my youngest for not picking a topic that involved sharks. 1 am forever grateful to my Mother and Father and Linda's parents for their constant support. 1 am indebted to Dr. Peter Schwinghamer for agreeing to supervise me and providing me with the opportunity to return to research and become involved in the Fishenes and Oceans fishing impact experiments. He was a constant source of encouragement and timely humour. His forced medical retirement in 1997 represented a great loss to our study team and to the field of benthic ecology. 1 am indebted to Dr. David Schneider for assuming the role of supervisor for me despite already having a full stable of graduate students. His door was always open and his advice and rapid tum-arounds of chapters were greatly appreciated. 1 am grateful to Dr. Ryan Phillips for providing guidance in the geophysical component of my thesis. 1 consider the trawl door mode1 experiment one of the highlights of my thesis work. It gave me the oppominity to 'muck about' in vast quantities of sand and 1 had the pleasure of working with a group of dedicated engineers and technicians at C-CORE including Mike Paulin, Shawn Hurley, Steve Smyth, Karl TufTand Don Cameron. Over the years there have been many people in the Groundfish Division, Fisheries and Oceans, St. John's, who have assisted me in various aspects of my research. 1 am grateful to al1 of them. 1 would like to thank Steve Walsh and Barry McCallum, Fisheries and Oceans, St. John's, for technical information on otter trawl gear. They gave me access to their extensive video library on otter trawling which proved invaluable. 1 thank David Kulka for providing me with bycatch data from the Fisheries and Oceans Observer Program. 1 thank my fellow study team rnembers at the Bedford Instihite of Oceanography. My ongoing association with these people is very iv rewarding. 1 am grateful to Patrick Woo, Kevin McIsaac and Cynthia Bourbonnais for their meticulous extraction of bivalves fiom the samples. My thesis benefited nom discussions with Pierre Pepin and Jens Prena. 1 would like to thank Janet Leawood, Fabian Hartery, Trevor Hoskins and Jonathan Walsh for their assistance in preparing the scour tank testbed. 1 am especially grateful to Mark Hawryluk for his companionship and assistance when we were laboratory roornmates. I thank Dr. Don Gordon, project leader for the DFO fishing impact experiments, for involving me in ongoing investigations into impacts of mobile fishing gear in Atlantic Canada. He generously agreed to review my thesis at a very busy time for him. Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................. ii Acknowledgements .....................................................iv List of Tables ..........................................................xi ListofFigures ......................................................... xv Chapter 1 Bac kground and Study Approach 1.1 Introduction ......................................................1 1.2 Mobile bottorn fishing gears: physical aspects of gear-seabed interaction .......................................................4 1.2.1 Dredges ..................................................$4 1.2.2 Bearn trawls ................................................6 1.2.3 Otter trawis .................................................8 1.3 Otter trawl technology in Atlantic Canada ............................ 11 1.3.1 Otterboards ..............................................11 1.3.2 Footgear .................................................. 12 1.3.3 Ground wires .............................................. 12 1.3.4 Net ...................................................... 12 1.4 History of investigations into environmental impacts of mobile bottom fishing gears ..................................................... 13 1.5 Environmental concerns associated with otter trawling in Atlantic Canada .... 15 1.6 Thesis topic ..................................................... 16 1.6.1 Bivalves as indicators of physical distutbance .................... 17 1.6.2 Thesis organization ......................................... 18 1.7 Literature cited ...................................................20 Chapter 2 Invertebrate Bycatch of Otter Trawls 2.1 Introduction .....................................................36 2.1.1 Purpose ofs~dy........................................... 37 2.2 Literature review ................................................. 37 2.3 Overview of spatial patterns of commercial otter trawling on the Grand Banks ............................................... 40 2.4 Otter trawl gear-seabed interaction ................................... 43 2.5 Swey trawl descriptions ........................................... 47 2.5.1 Engel 145 Hi-Lifi trawl ......................................48 2.5.2 Campelen 1800 trawl ........................................ 48 2.6 Trawling stations .................................................49 2.7 Quantification of bycatch ...........................................49 2.8 Grab sample collections ............................................50 2.9 Results and discussion .............................................50 2.9.1 Abundance and biomass of invertebrate bycatch ................... 50 2.9.1.1 Carnpelen .......................................... 50 2.9.1.2 Engel ..............................................51 2.9.2 Mollusc size fiequency distributions: Campelen 1800 ..............51 2.9.3 Factors determining the susceptibility
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spatial Variability in Recruitment of an Infaunal Bivalve
    Spatial Variability in Recruitment of an Infaunal Bivalve: Experimental Effects of Predator Exclusion on the Softshell Clam (Mya arenaria L.) along Three Tidal Estuaries in Southern Maine, USA Author(s): Brian F. Beal, Chad R. Coffin, Sara F. Randall, Clint A. Goodenow Jr., Kyle E. Pepperman, Bennett W. Ellis, Cody B. Jourdet and George C. Protopopescu Source: Journal of Shellfish Research, 37(1):1-27. Published By: National Shellfisheries Association https://doi.org/10.2983/035.037.0101 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2983/035.037.0101 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 37, No. 1, 1–27, 2018. SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN RECRUITMENT OF AN INFAUNAL BIVALVE: EXPERIMENTAL EFFECTS OF PREDATOR EXCLUSION ON THE SOFTSHELL CLAM (MYA ARENARIA L.) ALONG THREE TIDAL ESTUARIES IN SOUTHERN MAINE, USA 1,2 3 2 3 BRIAN F.
    [Show full text]
  • Harbor Seal Species Profile Encyclopedia of Puget Sound June 9, 2014
    (Photograph by G. E. Davis) Harbor seal species profile Encyclopedia of Puget Sound June 9, 2014 Jacqlynn C. Zier and Joseph K. Gaydos* SeaDoc Society / UC Davis’ Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center Orcas Island Office 942 Deer Harbor Road, Eastsound, WA 98245 *Corresponding author [email protected] Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 3 Distribution .............................................................................................................. 3 Global .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Local ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1 Populations .............................................................................................................. 4 Genetic diversity ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Population size ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Longevity and survival ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • List of Bivalvia of British Columbia Compiled by R
    List of Bivalvia of British Columbia Compiled by R. Forsyth. Last revised 1 January 2013 The higher classification utilized here follows Bieler et al. (2010). Marine species are mostly derived from Coan et al. (2000), and freshwater species from Clarke (1981). Changes to names to species or additions to the fauna since these two publications are noted. Marine groups are in black type, freshwater taxa are in blue, and introduced species are marked with an asterisk (*). Class Bivalvia Subclass Protobranchia Order Nuculida Superfamily Nuculoidea Family Nuculidae Genus Nucula Subgenus Lamellinucula Nucula carlottensis Dall, 1897 Genus Acila Subgenus Truncacila Acila castrensis (Hinds, 1843) Genus Ennucula Ennucula linki (Dall, 1916) Ennucula tenuis (Montagu, 1808) Family Sareptidae Subfamily Sareptinae Genus Setigloma Setigloma japonica (E.A. Smith, 1885) Subfamily Pristiglominae Genus Pristigloma Pristigloma nitens (Jeffreys, 1876) Order Solemyida Superfamily Solemyoidea Family Solemyidae Genus Solemya Subgenus Petrasma Solemya pervernicosa Kuroda, 1948 1 Genus Acharax Acharax johnsoni (Dall, 1891) Order Nuculanida 1 Solemya reidi F.R. Bernard, 1980, is a synonym of S. pervernicosa, which belongs to the subgenus Petrasma (Kamenev 2009). Superfamily Nuculanoidea Family Nuculanidae Subfamily Nuculaninae Genus Nuculana Subgenus Nuculana Nuculana extenuata (Dall, 1897) Nuculana hamata (Carpenter, 1864) Nuculana leonina (Dall, 1896) Nuculana minuta (Müller, 1776) Nuculana navisa (Dall, 1916) Nuculana pernula (Müller, 1779) Subgenus Jupiteria
    [Show full text]
  • Molluscs: Bivalvia Laura A
    I Molluscs: Bivalvia Laura A. Brink The bivalves (also known as lamellibranchs or pelecypods) include such groups as the clams, mussels, scallops, and oysters. The class Bivalvia is one of the largest groups of invertebrates on the Pacific Northwest coast, with well over 150 species encompassing nine orders and 42 families (Table 1).Despite the fact that this class of mollusc is well represented in the Pacific Northwest, the larvae of only a few species have been identified and described in the scientific literature. The larvae of only 15 of the more common bivalves are described in this chapter. Six of these are introductions from the East Coast. There has been quite a bit of work aimed at rearing West Coast bivalve larvae in the lab, but this has lead to few larval descriptions. Reproduction and Development Most marine bivalves, like many marine invertebrates, are broadcast spawners (e.g., Crassostrea gigas, Macoma balthica, and Mya arenaria,); the males expel sperm into the seawater while females expel their eggs (Fig. 1).Fertilization of an egg by a sperm occurs within the water column. In some species, fertilization occurs within the female, with the zygotes then text continues on page 134 Fig. I. Generalized life cycle of marine bivalves (not to scale). 130 Identification Guide to Larval Marine Invertebrates ofthe Pacific Northwest Table 1. Species in the class Bivalvia from the Pacific Northwest (local species list from Kozloff, 1996). Species in bold indicate larvae described in this chapter. Order, Family Species Life References for Larval Descriptions History1 Nuculoida Nuculidae Nucula tenuis Acila castrensis FSP Strathmann, 1987; Zardus and Morse, 1998 Nuculanidae Nuculana harnata Nuculana rninuta Nuculana cellutita Yoldiidae Yoldia arnygdalea Yoldia scissurata Yoldia thraciaeforrnis Hutchings and Haedrich, 1984 Yoldia rnyalis Solemyoida Solemyidae Solemya reidi FSP Gustafson and Reid.
    [Show full text]
  • Chilean Marine Mollusca of Northern Patagonia Collected During the Cimar-10 Fjords Cruise
    Gayana 72(2):72(2), 202-240,2008 2008 CHILEAN MARINE MOLLUSCA OF NORTHERN PATAGONIA COLLECTED DURING THE CIMAR-10 FJORDS CRUISE MOLUSCOS MARINOS CHILENOS DEL NORTE DE LA PATAGONIA RECOLECTADOS DURANTE EL CRUCERO DE FIORDOS CIMAR-10 Javiera Cárdenas1,2, Cristián Aldea1,3 & Claudio Valdovinos2,4* 1Center for Quaternary Studies (CEQUA), Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile. 2Unit of Aquatic Systems, EULA-Chile Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. [email protected] 3Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Universidad de Vigo, España. 4Patagonian Ecosystems Research Center (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile. ABSTRACT The tip of the South American cone is one of the most interesting Subantarctic areas, both biogeographically and ecologically. Nonetheless, knowledge of the area’s biodiversity, in particular that of the subtidal marine habitats, remains poor. Therefore, in 2004, a biodiversity research project was carried out as a part of the cruise Cimar-10 Fjords, organized and supported by the Chilean National Oceanographic Committee (CONA). The results of the subtidal marine mollusk surveys are presented herein. The samples were collected aboard the Agor 60 “Vidal Gormaz” in winter 2004. The study area covered the northern Chilean Patagonia from Seno de Relocanví (41º31’S) to Boca del Guafo (43º49’S), on the continental shelf from 22 to 353 m depth. The Mollusca were collected at 23 sampling sites using an Agassiz trawl. In total, 67
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Extreme Longevity in Modern and Fossil Bivalves
    Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE August 2016 The evolution of extreme longevity in modern and fossil bivalves David Kelton Moss Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Moss, David Kelton, "The evolution of extreme longevity in modern and fossil bivalves" (2016). Dissertations - ALL. 662. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/662 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract: The factors involved in promoting long life are extremely intriguing from a human perspective. In part by confronting our own mortality, we have a desire to understand why some organisms live for centuries and others only a matter of days or weeks. What are the factors involved in promoting long life? Not only are questions of lifespan significant from a human perspective, but they are also important from a paleontological one. Most studies of evolution in the fossil record examine changes in the size and the shape of organisms through time. Size and shape are in part a function of life history parameters like lifespan and growth rate, but so far little work has been done on either in the fossil record. The shells of bivavled mollusks may provide an avenue to do just that. Bivalves, much like trees, record their size at each year of life in their shells. In other words, bivalve shells record not only lifespan, but also growth rate.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Benthic Marine Mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile
    ZooKeys 963: 1–36 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.963.52234 DATA PAPER https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Diversity of benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of natural history Cristian Aldea1,2, Leslie Novoa2, Samuel Alcaino2, Sebastián Rosenfeld3,4,5 1 Centro de Investigación GAIA Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile 2 Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile 3 Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 4 Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile 5 Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile Corresponding author: Sebastián Rosenfeld ([email protected]) Academic editor: E. Gittenberger | Received 19 March 2020 | Accepted 6 June 2020 | Published 24 August 2020 http://zoobank.org/9E11DB49-D236-4C97-93E5-279B1BD1557C Citation: Aldea C, Novoa L, Alcaino S, Rosenfeld S (2020) Diversity of benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of natural history. ZooKeys 963: 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.52234 Abstract An increase in richness of benthic marine mollusks towards high latitudes has been described on the Pacific coast of Chile in recent decades. This considerable increase in diversity occurs specifically at the beginning of the Magellanic Biogeographic Province. Within this province lies the Strait of Magellan, considered the most important channel because it connects the South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These characteristics make it an interesting area for marine research; thus, the Strait of Magellan has histori- cally been the area with the greatest research effort within the province.
    [Show full text]
  • Pursuing the Quest for Better Understanding the Taxonomic Distribution of the System of Doubly Uniparental Inheritance of Mtdna
    Pursuing the quest for better understanding the taxonomic distribution of the system of doubly uniparental inheritance of mtDNA Arthur Gusman1, Sophia Lecomte2, Donald T. Stewart3, Marco Passamonti4 and Sophie Breton1 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France 3 Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada 4 Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy ABSTRACT There is only one exception to strict maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the animal kingdom: a system named doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI), which is found in several bivalve species. Why and how such a radically different system of mitochondrial transmission evolved in bivalve remains obscure. Obtaining a more complete taxonomic distribution of DUI in the Bivalvia may help to better understand its origin and function. In this study we provide evidence for the presence of sex-linked heteroplasmy (thus the possible presence of DUI) in two bivalve species, i.e., the nuculanoid Yoldia hyperborea (Gould, 1841) and the veneroid Scrobicularia plana (Da Costa, 1778), increasing the number of families in which DUI has been found by two. An update on the taxonomic distribution of DUI in the Bivalvia is also presented. Subjects Biodiversity, Evolutionary Studies, Genetics, Marine Biology, Zoology Keywords Mitochondrial DNA, Doubly uniparental inheritance, Bivalvia, Mitochondrial inheritance, Yoldia hyperborea, Scrobicularia plana Submitted 4 September 2016 Accepted 5 November 2016 Published 13 December 2016 INTRODUCTION Corresponding author Sophie Breton, Strict maternal inheritance (SMI) is considered to be the paradigm for mitochondrial DNA [email protected] (mtDNA) transmission in animal species (Birky, 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Bivalves and the Sclerochronological Reawakening
    Paleobiology, 2021, pp. 1–23 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2021.16 Review Fossil bivalves and the sclerochronological reawakening David K. Moss* , Linda C. Ivany, and Douglas S. Jones Abstract.—The field of sclerochronology has long been known to paleobiologists. Yet, despite the central role of growth rate, age, and body size in questions related to macroevolution and evolutionary ecology, these types of studies and the data they produce have received only episodic attention from paleobiologists since the field’s inception in the 1960s. It is time to reconsider their potential. Not only can sclerochrono- logical data help to address long-standing questions in paleobiology, but they can also bring to light new questions that would otherwise have been impossible to address. For example, growth rate and life-span data, the very data afforded by chronological growth increments, are essential to answer questions related not only to heterochrony and hence evolutionary mechanisms, but also to body size and organism ener- getics across the Phanerozoic. While numerous fossil organisms have accretionary skeletons, bivalves offer perhaps one of the most tangible and intriguing pathways forward, because they exhibit clear, typically annual, growth increments and they include some of the longest-lived, non-colonial animals on the planet. In addition to their longevity, modern bivalves also show a latitudinal gradient of increasing life span and decreasing growth rate with latitude that might be related to the latitudinal diversity gradient. Is this a recently developed phenomenon or has it characterized much of the group’s history? When and how did extreme longevity evolve in the Bivalvia? What insights can the growth increments of fossil bivalves provide about hypotheses for energetics through time? In spite of the relative ease with which the tools of sclerochronology can be applied to these questions, paleobiologists have been slow to adopt sclerochrono- logical approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of Marine Fauna in Frenchman Bay and Blue Hill Bay, Maine 1926-1932
    INVENTORY OF MARINE FAUNA IN FRENCHMAN BAY AND BLUE HILL BAY, MAINE 1926-1932 **** CATALOG OF WILLIAM PROCTER’S MARINE COLLECTIONS By: Glen Mittelhauser & Darrin Kelly Maine Natural History Observatory 2007 1 INVENTORY OF MARINE FAUNA IN FRENCHMAN BAY AND BLUE HILL BAY, MAINE 1926-1932 **** CATALOG OF WILLIAM PROCTER’S MARINE COLLECTIONS By: Glen Mittelhauser & Darrin Kelly Maine Natural History Observatory 2007 Catalog prepared by: Glen H. Mittelhauser Specimens cataloged by: Darrin Kelly Glen Mittelhauser Kit Sheehan Taxonomy assistance: Glen Mittelhauser, Maine Natural History Observatory Anne Favolise, Humboldt Field Research Institute Thomas Trott, Gerhard Pohle P.G. Ross 2 William Procter started work on the survey of the marine fauna of the Mount Desert Island region in the spring of 1926 after a summer’s spotting of the territory with a hand dredge. This work was continued from the last week in June until the first week of September through 1932. The specimens from this collection effort were brought back to Mount Desert Island recently. Although Procter noted that this inventorywas not intended to generate a complete list of all species recorded from the Mount Desert Island area, this inventory is the foundation on which all future work on the marine fauna in the region will build. An inven- tory of this magnitude has not been replicated in the region to date. This publication is the result of a major recovery effort for the collection initiated and funded by Acadia National Park. Many of the specimens in this collection were loosing preservative or were already dried out. Over a two year effort, Maine Natural History Observatory worked closely with Acadia National Park to re-house the collection in archival containers, re-hydrate specimens (through stepped concentrations of ethyl alcohol) that had dried, fully catalog the collection, and update the synonymy of specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Assemblages Over the Abyssal Plain in the Pacific Are Highly Diverse and Spatially Patchy
    Larval assemblages over the abyssal plain in the Pacific are highly diverse and spatially patchy Oliver Kersten1,2, Eric W. Vetter1, Michelle J. Jungbluth1,3, Craig R. Smith3 and Erica Goetze3 1 Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI, United States of America 2 Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 3 Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America ABSTRACT Abyssal plains are among the most biodiverse yet least explored marine ecosystems on our planet, and they are increasingly threatened by human impacts, including future deep seafloor mining. Recovery of abyssal populations from the impacts of polymetallic nodule mining will be partially determined by the availability and dispersal of pelagic larvae leading to benthic recolonization of disturbed areas of the seafloor. Here we use a tree-of-life (TOL) metabarcoding approach to investigate the species richness, diversity, and spatial variability of the larval assemblage at mesoscales across the abyssal seafloor in two mining-claim areas in the eastern Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ; abyssal Pacific). Our approach revealed a previously unknown taxonomic richness within the meroplankton assemblage, detecting larvae from 12 phyla, 23 Classes, 46 Orders, and 65 Families, including a number of taxa not previously reported at abyssal depths or within the Pacific Ocean. A novel suite of parasitic copepods and worms were sampled, from families that are known to associate with other benthic invertebrates or demersal fishes as hosts. Larval assemblages were patchily distributed at the mesoscale, with little similarity in OTUs detected among deployments even within the same 30 × 30 km study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoogeografía De Los Bivalvos Marinos De La Costa De Tamaulipas, México Marine Bivalves Zoogeography in the Tamaulipas Coast, Mexico
    Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía Vol. 48, Nº3: 565-584, diciembre 2013 DOI 10.4067/S0718-19572013000300013 Artículo Zoogeografía de los bivalvos marinos de la costa de Tamaulipas, México Marine bivalves zoogeography in the Tamaulipas coast, Mexico Alfonso Correa-Sandoval1 y Jorge H. Rodríguez-Castro1 1División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Boulevard Emilio Portes Gil 1301 Poniente, Apdo. Postal 175, C.P. 87010, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. [email protected] Abstract.- This study provides both a current taxonomic listing of known species of marine bivalves from the coast of Tamaulipas, Mexico as well as an overall assessment of their poorly known biogeographical relationships. Marine bivalves were surveyed (midlittoral, supralitoral and sublittoral zones) from September 1987 to April 2010. One hundred and thirty- one species of marine bivalves representing 98 genera in 37 families are reported. Two species are first records for Tamaulipas. These 131 species share the following malacogeographical relationships: 62 species (47.32%) exhibit Caribbean and Carolinian affinities, 20 species (15.26%) exhibit Carolinian and Caribbean affinities, 13 species (9.92%) exhibit Carolinian and Argentinean affinities and 12 species (9.16%) exhibit Caribbean, Carolinian and Boreal affinities. Only 6 species (4.58%) exhibit an exclusive Caribbean distribution and 4 species (3.05%) are known only from the Gulf of Mexico. The fact that 81.66% (107 species) of the marine Tamaulipan bivalve fauna exhibits the above malacogeographical relationships provides overwhelming evidence that the Tamaulipan coast of Mexico represents a transitional zone between the Carolinian and Caribbean malacological provinces. Key words: Mollusks, biogeography, Caribbean and Carolinian provinces Resumen.- La biogeografía de los bivalvos marinos mexicanos es pobremente conocida, aunque varios estudios se han realizado pero con un enfoque taxonómico.
    [Show full text]