Changes and Composition of Microbial Community During Aerobic Composting of Household Food Waste
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Melioidosis: an Emerging Infectious Disease
Review Article www.jpgmonline.com Melioidosis: An emerging infectious disease Raja NS, Ahmed MZ,* Singh NN** Department of Medical ABSTRACT Microbiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Infectious diseases account for a third of all the deaths in the developing world. Achievements in understanding Malaysia, *St. the basic microbiology, pathogenesis, host defenses and expanded epidemiology of infectious diseases have Bartholomew’s Hospital, resulted in better management and reduced mortality. However, an emerging infectious disease, melioidosis, West Smithfield, London, is becoming endemic in the tropical regions of the world and is spreading to non-endemic areas. This article UK and **School of highlights the current understanding of melioidosis including advances in diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Biosciences, Cardiff Better understanding of melioidosis is essential, as it is life-threatening and if untreated, patients can succumb University, Cardiff, UK to it. Our sources include a literature review, information from international consensus meetings on melioidosis Correspondence: and ongoing discussions within the medical and scientific community. N. S. Raja, E-mail: [email protected] Received : 21-2-2005 Review completed : 20-3-2005 Accepted : 30-5-2005 PubMed ID : 16006713 KEY WORDS: Melioidosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Infection J Postgrad Med 2005;51:140-5 he name melioidosis [also known as Whitmore dis- in returning travellers to Europe from endemic areas.[14] The T ease] is taken from the Greek word ‘melis’ meaning geographic area of the prevalence of the organism is bound to distemper of asses and ‘eidos’ meaning resembles glanders. increase as the awareness increases. Melioidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Pseudomonas pseudomallei [now known as Burkholderia pseudomallei], a B. -
Rheonix® – Beer Spoileralert™ Assay
Food and Drink Innovation Rheonix® Inc. Evaluation of Rheonix® Beer SpoilerAlert™ Assay www.campdenbri.co.uk 1 Summary In this study the Rheonix Beer SpoilerAlert™ Assay (PCR technology) using the Rheonix® Encompass Optimum™ Workstation was evaluated. The specificity of the assay was good with all the target organisms (P. claussenii, L. brevis, S. cerevisiae/pastorianus) being efficiently detected in beer samples. Additionally, beer-spoiler associated markers were detected at low concentrations, this being a very useful feature for brewers. However, although the assay is designed to identify Brettanomyces bruxellensis, detection of this organism in our tests was poor (NB one of the 2 strains, thought to be Brettanomyces bruxellensis, used in the study was subsequently identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae var diastaticus). The system was found to be very sensitive with cell numbers down to ~ 103 cells/ml being detected. But a disadvantage, common for PCR based analyses, is the detection of dead non-culturable cell DNA. This resulted in the sterile beer sample showing some false positive results for yeast, a problem that may be circumvented by the manufacturer fine tuning the detection/reporting thresholds. Testing of a number of common brewery sample matrices showed that good results were obtained with bright beer and wort samples. However, when analysing yeast– containing samples (e.g. yeast slurry, fermentation sample) there was competition of the species reactions with those for yeast cells resulting in a suppression of the species signals. However, any spoiler-markers were consistently detected in all matrices. The system was very easy to use and required minimal sample handling and hands-on time. -
Avoidance of Mechanisms of Innate Immune Response by Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
ADVANCEMENTS OF MICROBIOLOGY – POSTĘPY MIKROBIOLOGII 2019, 58, 4, 367–373 DOI: 10.21307/PM–2019.58.4.367 AVOIDANCE OF MECHANISMS OF INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE BY NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE Jagoda Płaczkiewicz* Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Submitted in July, accepted in October 2019 Abstract: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) is a Gram-negative bacteria and an etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease – gonorrhea. N. gonorrhoeae possesses many mechanism to evade the innate immune response of the human host. Most are related to serum resistance and avoidance of complement killing. However the clinical symptoms of gonorrhea are correlated with a significant pres- ence of neutrophils, whose response is also insufficient and modulated by gonococci. 1. Introduction. 2. Adherence ability. 3. Serum resistance and complement system. 4. Neutrophils. 4.1. Phagocytosis. 4.1.1. Oxygen- dependent intracellular killing. 4.1.2. Oxygen-independent intracellular killing. 4.2. Neutrophil extracellular traps. 4.3. Degranulation. 4.4. Apoptosis. 5. Summary UNIKANIE MECHANIZMÓW WRODZONEJ ODPOWIEDZI IMMUNOLOGICZNEJ PRZEZ NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE Streszczenie: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonokok) to Gram-ujemna dwoinka będąca czynnikiem etiologicznym choroby przenoszonej drogą płciową – rzeżączki. N. gonorrhoeae posiada liczne mechanizmy umożliwiające jej unikanie wrodzonej odpowiedzi immunologicznej gospodarza. Większość z nich związana jest ze zdolnością gonokoków do manipulowania układem dopełniacza gospodarza oraz odpor- nością tej bakterii na surowicę. Jednakże symptomy infekcji N. gonorrhoeae wynikają między innymi z obecności licznych neutrofili, których aktywność jest modulowana przez gonokoki. 1. Wprowadzenie. 2. Zdolność adherencji. 3. Surowica i układ dopełniacza. 4. Neutrofile. 4.1. Fagocytoza. 4.1.1. Wewnątrzkomórkowe zabijanie zależne od tlenu. 4.1.2. -
Laboratory Manual for Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted And
Department of AIDS Control LaborLaboraattororyy ManualManual fforor DiagnosisDiagnosis ofof SeSexxuallyually TTrransmitansmittteded andand RRepreproductivoductivee TTrractact InInffectionsections FOREWORD Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) are diseases of major global concern. About 6% of Indian population is reported to be having STIs. In addition to having high levels of morbidity, they also facilitate transmission of HIV infection. Thus control of STIs goes hand in hand with control of HIV/AIDS. Countrywide strengthening of laboratories by helping them to adopt uniform standardized protocols is very important not only for case detection and treatment, but also to have reliable epidemiological information which will help in evaluation and monitoring of control efforts. It is also essential to have good referral services between primary level of health facilities and higher levels. This manual aims to bring in standard testing practices among laboratories that serve health facilities involved in managing STIs and RTIs. While generic procedures such as staining, microscopy and culture have been dealt with in detail, procedures that employ specific manufacturer defined kits have been left to the laboratories to follow the respective protocols. An introduction to quality system essentials and quality control principles has also been included in the manual to sensitize the readers on the importance of quality assurance and quality management system, which is very much the need of the hour. Manual of Operating Procedures for Diagnosis of STIs/RTIs i PREFACE Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are the most common infectious diseases worldwide, with over 350 million new cases occurring each year, and have far-reaching health, social, and economic consequences. -
Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens of the Genera Rickettsia, Anaplasma and Francisella in Ixodes Ricinus Ticks in Pomerania (Poland)
pathogens Article Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens of the Genera Rickettsia, Anaplasma and Francisella in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Pomerania (Poland) Lucyna Kirczuk 1 , Mariusz Piotrowski 2 and Anna Rymaszewska 2,* 1 Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c Street, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c Street, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Tick-borne pathogens are an important medical and veterinary issue worldwide. Environ- mental monitoring in relation to not only climate change but also globalization is currently essential. The present study aimed to detect tick-borne pathogens of the genera Anaplasma, Rickettsia and Francisella in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from the natural environment, i.e., recreational areas and pastures used for livestock grazing. A total of 1619 specimens of I. ricinus were collected, including ticks of all life stages (adults, nymphs and larvae). The study was performed using the PCR technique. Diagnostic gene fragments msp2 for Anaplasma, gltA for Rickettsia and tul4 for Francisella were ampli- fied. No Francisella spp. DNA was detected in I. ricinus. DNA of A. phagocytophilum was detected in 0.54% of ticks and Rickettsia spp. in 3.69%. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that only one species of Rickettsia, R. helvetica, was present in the studied tick population. The present results are a Citation: Kirczuk, L.; Piotrowski, M.; part of a large-scale analysis aimed at monitoring the level of tick infestation in Northwest Poland. -
Antigen Detection Assay for the Diagnosis of Melioidosis
PI: Title: Antigen Detection assay for the Diagnosis of Melioidosis Received: 12/05/2013 FOA: PA10-124 Council: 05/2014 Competition ID: ADOBE-FORMS-B1 FOA Title: NIAID ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY STTR (NIAID-AT-STTR [R41/R42]) 2 R42 AI102482-03 Dual: Accession Number: 3650491 IPF: 3966401 Organization: INBIOS INTERNATIONAL, INC. Former Number: Department: IRG/SRG: ZRG1 IDM-V (12)B AIDS: N Expedited: N Subtotal Direct Costs Animals: N New Investigator: N (excludes consortium F&A) Humans: Y Early Stage Investigator: N Year 3: Clinical Trial: N Year 4: Current HS Code: E4 Year 5: HESC: N Senior/Key Personnel: Organization: Role Category: Always follow your funding opportunity's instructions for application format. Although this application demonstrates good grantsmanship, time has passed since the grantee applied. The sample may not reflect the latest format or rules. NIAID posts new samples periodically: https://www.niaid.nih.gov/grants-contracts/sample-applications The text of the application is copyrighted. You may use it only for nonprofit educational purposes provided the document remains unchanged and the PI, the grantee organization, and NIAID are credited. Note on Section 508 conformance and accessibility: We have reformatted these samples to improve accessibility for people with disabilities and users of assistive technology. If you have trouble accessing the content, please contact the NIAID Office of Knowledge and Educational Resources at [email protected]. Additions for Review Accepted Publication Accepted manuscript news Post-submission supplemental material. Information about manuscript accepted for publication. OMB Number: 4040-0001 Expiration Date: 06/30/2011 APPLICATION FOR FEDERAL ASSISTANCE 3. DATE RECEIVED BY STATE State Application Identifier SF 424 (R&R) 1. -
Evaluation of Probiotic Properties of Pediococcus Acidilactici M76 Producing Functional Exopolysaccharides and Its Lactic Acid Fermentation of Black Raspberry Extract
microorganisms Article Evaluation of Probiotic Properties of Pediococcus acidilactici M76 Producing Functional Exopolysaccharides and Its Lactic Acid Fermentation of Black Raspberry Extract Young-Ran Song, Chan-Mi Lee, Seon-Hye Lee and Sang-Ho Baik * Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; [email protected] (Y.-R.S.); [email protected] (C.-M.L.); [email protected] (S.-H.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-63-270-3857; Fax: +82-63-270-3854 Abstract: This study aimed to determine the probiotic potential of Pediococcus acidilactici M76 (PA- M76) for lactic acid fermentation of black raspberry extract (BRE). PA-M76 showed outstanding probiotic properties with high tolerance in acidic GIT environments, broad antimicrobial activity, and high adhesion capability in the intestinal tract of Caenorhabditis elegans. PA-M76 treatment resulted in significant increases of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in macrophages, indicating that PA-M76 elicits an effective immune response. When PA-M76 was used for lactic acid fermentation of BRE, an EPS yield of 1.62 g/L was obtained under optimal conditions. Lactic acid fermentation of BRE by PA-M76 did not significantly affect the total anthocyanin and flavonoid content, except for a significant increase in total polyphenol content compared to non-fermented BRE (NfBRE). However, fBRE exhibited increased DPPH radical scavenging activity, linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition rate, and ABTS scavenging activity of fBRE compared to NfBRE. Among the 28 compounds identified Citation: Song, Y.-R.; Lee, C.-M.; Lee, in the GC-MS analysis, esters were present as the major groups. -
Non-Coding Rnas of the Q Fever Agent, Coxiella Burnetii
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2015 Non-coding RNAs of the Q fever agent, Coxiella burnetii Indu Ramesh Warrier The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Warrier, Indu Ramesh, "Non-coding RNAs of the Q fever agent, Coxiella burnetii" (2015). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 4620. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4620 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NON-CODING RNAS OF THE Q FEVER AGENT, COXIELLA BURNETII By INDU RAMESH WARRIER M.Sc (Med), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India, 2010 Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology The University of Montana Missoula, MT August, 2015 Approved by: Sandy Ross, Dean of The Graduate School Graduate School Michael F. Minnick, Chair Division of Biological Sciences Stephen J. Lodmell Division of Biological Sciences Scott D. Samuels Division of Biological Sciences Scott Miller Division of Biological Sciences Keith Parker Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Warrier, Indu, PhD, Summer 2015 Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology Non-coding RNAs of the Q fever agent, Coxiella burnetii Chairperson: Michael F. Minnick Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that undergoes a biphasic developmental cycle, alternating between a small cell variant (SCV) and a large cell variant (LCV). -
Francisella Tularensis Subspecies Holarctica and Tularemia in Germany
microorganisms Review Francisella tularensis Subspecies holarctica and Tularemia in Germany 1, 2, 3 1 1 Sandra Appelt y, Mirko Faber y , Kristin Köppen , Daniela Jacob , Roland Grunow and Klaus Heuner 3,* 1 Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS 2), Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (D.J.); [email protected] (R.G.) 2 Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections (Division 35), Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] 3 Cellular Interactions of Bacterial Pathogens, ZBS 2, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-301-8754-2226 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 27 August 2020; Accepted: 18 September 2020; Published: 22 September 2020 Abstract: Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis a small, pleomorphic, facultative intracellular bacterium. In Europe, infections in animals and humans are caused mainly by Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica. Humans can be exposed to the pathogen directly and indirectly through contact with sick animals, carcasses, mosquitoes and ticks, environmental sources such as contaminated water or soil, and food. So far, F. tularensis subsp. holarctica is the only Francisella species known to cause tularemia in Germany. On the basis of surveillance data, outbreak investigations, and literature, we review herein the epidemiological situation—noteworthy clinical cases next to genetic diversity of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica strains isolated from patients. In the last 15 years, the yearly number of notified cases of tularemia has increased steadily in Germany, suggesting that the disease is re-emerging. -
Levels of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria Phyla and Lactobacillaceae
agriculture Article Levels of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria Phyla and Lactobacillaceae Family on the Skin Surface of Broiler Chickens (Ross 308) Depending on the Nutritional Supplement and the Housing Conditions Paulina Cholewi ´nska 1,* , Marta Michalak 2, Konrad Wojnarowski 1 , Szymon Skowera 1, Jakub Smoli ´nski 1 and Katarzyna Czyz˙ 1 1 Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] (K.W.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (K.C.) 2 Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The microbiome of animals, both in the digestive tract and in the skin, plays an important role in protecting the host. The skin is one of the largest surface organs for animals; therefore, the destabilization of the microbiota on its surface can increase the risk of diseases that may adversely af- fect animals’ health and production rates, including poultry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Citation: Cholewi´nska,P.; Michalak, effect of nutritional supplementation in the form of fermented rapeseed meal and housing conditions M.; Wojnarowski, K.; Skowera, S.; on the level of selected bacteria phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and family Lactobacillaceae). The Smoli´nski,J.; Czyz,˙ K. Levels of study was performed on 30 specimens of broiler chickens (Ross 308), individually kept in metabolic Firmicutes, Actinobacteria Phyla and cages for 36 days. They were divided into 5 groups depending on the feed received. -
Pathogenic Bacteria and Clinical Significance Raphael Eisenhofer Inje University College of Medicine, Korea
Journal of Microbiology and Immunology AbstractEditoial Pathogenic bacteria and clinical significance Raphael Eisenhofer Inje University College of Medicine, Korea Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. cystic fibrosis. Examples of these opportunistic pathogens This article deals with human pathogenic bacteria. Al- include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenoce- though most bacteria are harmless or often beneficial, pacia, and Mycobacterium avium. Intracellular: Obligate some are pathogenic, with the number of species esti- intracellular parasites (e.g. Chlamydophila, Ehrlichia, mated as fewer than a hundred that are seen to cause Rickettsia) have the ability to only grow and replicate in- infectious diseases in humans. By contrast, several thou- side other cells. Even these intracellular infections may sand species exist in the human digestive system. One of be asymptomatic, requiring an incubation period. An ex- the bacterial diseases with the highest disease burden is ample of this is Rickettsia which causes typhus. Another tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bac- causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Chlamydia is a phy- teria, which kills about 2 million people a year, mostly lum of intracellular parasites. These pathogens can cause in sub-Saharan Africa. Pathogenic bacteria contribute to pneumonia or urinary tract infection and may be involved other globally important diseases, such as pneumonia, in coronary heart disease. Other groups of intracellular which can be caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus bacterial pathogens include Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucel- and Pseudomonas, and foodborne illnesses, which can la, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Listeria, Francisella, Legio- be caused by bacteria such as Shigella, Campylobacter, nella, and Yersinia pestis. These can exist intracellularly, and Salmonella. -
Hop Resistant Lactobacillus and Pediococcus Species Genesig
Primerdesign TM Ltd Hop resistant Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species HorA and HorC Genes genesig® Standard Kit 150 tests For general laboratory and research use only Quantification of Hop resistant Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species genomes. 1 genesig Standard kit handbook HB10.04.10 Published Date: 09/11/2018 Introduction to Hop resistant Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species Hops are the flowers of the hop plant Humulus lupulus which are used in the brewing industry to give the bitter flavour that is distinctive of beer. However, they are also used to stabilise the microbial population whilst brewing takes place. Recently two hop resistant related proteins known as horA and horC have been discovered that enable beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp and Pediococcus spp, to grow in beer in spite of the presence of these antibacterial hop compounds. The horA gene encodes an ATP dependent multidrug transporter that removes hop bitter acids out of the bacterial cells whilst the horC is thought to act as a proton motive force (PMF)-dependent multidrug transporter. These two genes were found to be almost exclusively distributed in various species of beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria strains, therefore lending themselves to detection by real-time PCR. Finally, the nucleotide sequence analysis of horA and horC genes show that both genes are essentially identical among distinct beer spoilage species, indicating horA and horC have been acquired by beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. This genesig® kit will detect all horA/horc genes relevant to beer spoilage with high levels of fidelity. Using Real-Time PCR is the fastest, most reliable way of detection horA/horC contamination in your samples.