On the DNS Deployment of Modern Web Services Shuai Hao∗y, Haining Wang∗, Angelos Stavrouz, and Evgenia Smirniy ∗University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA yCollege of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA zGeorge Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA Email: fhaos,
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected] Abstract—Accessing Internet services relies on the Domain Existing DNS measurements studied the characteristics of Name System (DNS) for translating human-readable names to DNS activities and operations [16], [17], [21], [24], [26], the routable network addresses. At the bottom level of the DNS root or top-level-domain servers [20], [22], [29], [30], [36], or hierarchy, the authoritative DNS (ADNS) servers maintain the actual mapping records and answer the DNS queries. Today, the DNS resolvers [15], [18], [35]. Some works involving the the increasing use of upstream ADNS services (i.e., third-party characteristics of ADNSes mainly focused on the comparison ADNS-hosting services) and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) with local DNS (LDNS) servers, but none of them explored clouds facilitates the establishment of web services, and has various ADNS deployments for web services. Complementary been fostering the evolution of the deployment of ADNS servers. to these prior works, we present a large-scale measurement To shed light on this trend, in this paper we present a large- scale measurement to study the ADNS deployment patterns of study in attempt to answer the following questions: (1) how modern web services and examine the characteristics of different do modern web services deploy their ADNS servers? (2) what deployment styles, such as performance, life-cycle of servers, are the characteristics of different ADNS deployment patterns? and availability.