FOLDABLE SINGLE BED MOHD KAMIL BIN RAMLI a Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of The
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FOLDABLE SINGLE BED MOHD KAMIL BIN RAMLI A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Diploma of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang / \ I - H PER P US TA KMN NOVEMBER 2009 UNIVERSITI MALAYStA'PAHANG No. - =2010 et Bc. vi ABSTRACT This report presents about bed that always been used especially in bedroom has a small space. This bed is a device which is important in order to ease keep any closet and to save the space. The idea of the fabricating of this bed is based on student's creativity. The selection of suitable materials in the fabricating of this bed is a loaded material which has minimum weight, long life-span and can detain heavy load. Materials are proposed for the fabrication of the bed is mild steel material. In this report, we'll . also be more to the fabrication 'of this bed. There are several processes involved during the design and fabrication of this foldable single •bed which are consisted in this report. Variety of process used in making this .bed as material selection, cutting, joining, and others. vii ABSTRAK Laporan mi membentangkan tentang katil yang sering kali digunakan terutamanya di dalam kawasan bilik yang keciL Katil merupakan suatu perkakas yang penting untuk keselesaan setiap orang bagi merehatkan badan dan tempat melelapkan mata. Idea pembentukan katil mi berdasarkan kreativiti pelajar sendiri. Pemilihan bahan yang sesuai untuk digunakan bagi pembentukkan katil mi merupakan bahan yang mernpunyai berat yang ringan, jangka hayat yang tahan lama dan boleh menahan beban yang berat. Bahan yang dicadangkan wituk pembentukkan katil mi merupakan material jenis steel. Dalarn laporan mi juga akan iebih memfokuskan kepada pembentukkan katii. Dalani laporan mi juga akan ]ebih memfokuskan kepada pernbentukkan katil.perlbagai proses digunakan dalam pembuatan katil mi seperti pemilihan material, pemotongan, pencantuman, dan lain- lain lagi. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE TITLE i SUPERVISOR DECLARATION ii AUTHOR DECLARATION DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v ABSTRACT vi ABSTRAK .y•i.i TABLE OF CONTENTS viii LIST OF TABLES xii LIST OF FIGURES xiii LIST OF SYMBOLS xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvi 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Name 1 1.2 Project. Synopsis I 0 1.3 Project* Background i 1.4 Problem Statement 2 1.5 Objective of The Project 3 1.6 Scopes of The Project 3 1.7 Project Gantt Chart 4 lx 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 5 2. 1.1 Introduction of Product S 5 2.1.2 Design, Material Selection and Marketing of Successful Product 6 2.2 Paper Review 7 2.2.1 Bed Type and Functions 7 2.3 Technical Review 9 2.3.1 Types of Bed 9 2.3.2 Materials Used 9 2.3.3 Techniques or Machines Used 10 2.3.4 Joining Method 11 2.4 The Design Process 12 2.5 Finishing Process .12 2.5.1 Painting on Material .13 2.5.2 Type ofPaint .14 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Design 15 3.3 Flow Chart 16 3.4 Drawing .17 3.5 Design Specification .17 3.6 Sketching Drawing Selection 17 3.6.1 Sketching .18 3.7 Concept Selection Method 19 3.8 Concept Generation 19 3.8.1 Conceptual Design 19 3.8.2 Concept Selection 21 3.8.3 Suggested Concept 23 3.9 Fabrication Process 23 x 3.9.1 Preparing The Material Process 24 3.9.2 Joining Part Process 25 3.9.3 Drilling 26 3.9.4 Finishing Process 27 3.9.5 Bill of Material 30 3.10 Project Involve 30 3.11 Material of The Project 31 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction .32 4.2 Project Problems 32 4.3 Problem During Fabrication 33 4.3.1 Material (Steel) 33 4.3.2 Welding Process 33 44. Analysis of The Metal 34 4.4.1 Stress Analysis 34 4.4.2 Hollow Steel (Supporter Upper Base) 35 4.4.3 Plate Steel 36 4.5 Cost Analysis 37 4.6 Problem During Fabrication Process 38 4.6.1 Material 38 4.6.2 Welding Process 38 4.6.3 Equipment 38 4.6.4 Laboratory Located 39 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Introduction 40 5.2 Conclusion 40 5.3 Recommendation 41 53.1 Facilities 41 xi 5.3.2 Student Cost 42 5.3.3 Location 42 5.4 Future Work 42 REFERENCES .44 Appendices 45-46 xl' LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE 1.1 Project gantt chart 4 3.1 Concept selection 22 3.2 Bill of material 30 4.1 Cost analysis - 37 xlii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE 2.1 Air bed 9 2.2 Bunk bed 9 2.3 Waterbed 9 2.4 Canopy bed 9 2.5 Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding 11 3.1 Flowchart 16 3.2 Sketching 1 18 3.3 Sketching 2 18 3.4 Sketching 3 18 3.5 Conceptual design 19 3.6 Concept A 20 3.7 Concept B 3.8 Concept C 21 3.9 Concept final 23 3.10 Measured with measuring tape 24 3.11 Marking material 24 3.12 Cutting material using hand saw and disc cutter 25 3.13 Part after being cut 25 xlv 3.14 MIG welding machine 26 3.15 Welding process 26 3.16 Drilling process 27 3.17 Grinding process 27 3.18 Frame of Foldable Single bed 28 3.19 Finalized single bed frame 29 3.20 Hollow rectangular steel 31 4.1 The result of the high voltage 34 4.2 Stress analysis 34 4.3 Force LIST OF SYMBOLS P Pressure A Area ay Yield stress lcal Calculated stress tcal Calculated sheer stress Ty Yield sheer stress F Force RM Ringgit Malaysia xv' LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS APPENDIX TITLE AISI American Iron and Steel Institute ASTM American Society for TestingndMaterials CAD Computer Aided Design TIG Tungsten Inert Gas Welding MTG Metal Inert Gas Welding• PPE Personal Protective Euiprnent SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Welding MMA Manual Metal Arc UMP Universiti Malaysia Pahang CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Name The title of this project is Foldable Single bed. The bed is designed as multifunction bed, strong, comfort, light, safe and foldable. The bed are suitable for anyone especially who have the limited space in bedroom. 1.2 Project Synopsis As we know, bed it is very important thing to humans. Bed is a piece of furniture (or a location) used as a place to sleep and as a primary place for relaxation. Bed usually consists of a mattress placed on top of a boxspring Inner-sprung Base. The box spring is a large mattress-sized box containing wood or steel and springs that provide additional support and suspension for the mattress. Foldable bed is the new creation that design to compete with the other common bed in the current market and help the human body to relax. 1.3 Project Background Since the Ancient World, beds become the common facilities for human. Beds were little more than piles of straw or some other natural material. An 2 important change was raising them off the ground, to avoid draughts, dirt, and pests. For example, Egyptians had high bedsteads which Were ascended by steps, with bolsters or pillows, and curtains to hang round. The elite of Egyptian society such as its pharaohs and queens even had beds made of wood and gilded with gold. Often there was a head-rest as well, semi-cylindrical and made of stone, wood or metal. Ancient Assyrians, Medes and Persians had beds of a similar kind, and frequently decorated their furniture with inlays or appliqués of metal, mother-of-pearl and ivory.) Nowadays, there are many type of beds in the world wide market like air bed, box-bed, bunk bed, state bed, Murphy bed, iron bed and others. The main purpose of the beds invention is used as a place to sleep and as a primary place for relaxation. As the result for the needed in community there are various type of foldable or multi use beds had been invented. Multifunction bed can be used and to use as a place to sleep. It is a luxury to have our own bed with lots of other purpose not just as a bed. It also comes in much type of beds and design. From the advantages and disadvantages of the beds in the current market, one new product will be developed to follow the specific and customer need. 1.4 Problem Statement There are many types and design of beds in the market. Every bed has different design, types and size but how far the variety of these common designs may help the customer or users effectively. There are some common problem can be detect at the beds nowadays such as big, heavy, only suitable for bedroom , not suitable for small area, hard to manufacturer, not luxury and not flexible, but rigid. To reduce this problem, one new bed will be development that has multi function, with lots of other purpose not just as a bed, light, comfort, and more safe and foldable. J The design process enables us to follow a systematic approach to design. The most important step of the design process is identifying the customer need. Nowadays, the current type of beds in the market does not fulfill the customer needs in overall. For example, we are required to design a bed that can be used for adult. Clearly, all of us know how to sleep on a bed, SO in that perspective, we know how a bed works.