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49454-001: Support for Water and Sanitation Sector Management

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49454-001: Support for Water and Sanitation Sector Management Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 49454-001 March 2020 Papua New Guinea: Support for Water and Sanitation Sector Management (Financed by the Technical Assistance Special Fund, Multi-Donor Trust Fund and Sanitation Financing Partnership Trust Fund under Water Financing Partnership Facility, and the Government of Australia) This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. TA-9298 PNG: Peri-Urban Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Advisor Final Report Assessment of Barriers and Enablers and options for delivery of improved WASH in Settlements in Papua New Guinea February 2020 Submitted by Ken Marshall Email – [email protected] Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Context ............................................................................................................................................ 1 2.1 Settlements and Urban Villages .............................................................................................. 1 2.2 WASH Sector Roles and Responsibilities ................................................................................ 3 2.3 WASH Planning, Policy and Legislation ................................................................................... 4 2.4 Financial and Economic Considerations.................................................................................. 8 3 Barriers to Improving Access to WASH Services ........................................................................... 10 3.1 Leadership ............................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.1 Policy/Planning .............................................................................................................. 11 3.1.2 Sector Capacity / Workforce Development .................................................................. 12 3.1.3 Leadership and Woman ................................................................................................ 12 3.2 Community ............................................................................................................................ 12 3.2.1 Culture and Political Economy ...................................................................................... 12 3.2.3 Governance ................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Technology ............................................................................................................................ 14 3.3.1 Water supply ................................................................................................................. 14 3.3.2 Sanitation ...................................................................................................................... 15 3.4 Land – Impact of Insecure Tenure ........................................................................................ 17 4 Enablers for Improving Access to WASH Services ........................................................................ 20 4.1 Leadership ............................................................................................................................. 21 4.1.1 Coordination Arrangements ......................................................................................... 21 4.1.2 Policy Framework .......................................................................................................... 21 4.1.3 Pro-Poor Approach........................................................................................................ 22 4.1.4 Gender .......................................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Community ............................................................................................................................ 23 4.2.1 Participation and Role ................................................................................................... 23 4.2.2 Evidence and Data......................................................................................................... 24 4.2.3 Service level Choices ..................................................................................................... 24 4.2.4 Health and Hygiene ....................................................................................................... 25 4.3 Technology ............................................................................................................................ 25 4.3.1 Water ............................................................................................................................ 25 4.3.2 Sanitation ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.4 Land Tenure .......................................................................................................................... 27 i 4.5 Sector Capacity ..................................................................................................................... 27 4.5.1 Capacity Assessment ..................................................................................................... 27 4.5.2 Technical Assistance ..................................................................................................... 28 4.5.3 Eda Ranu Planning / WaterPNG .................................................................................... 28 5. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 29 5.1 Reviewing and Reducing Targets .......................................................................................... 29 5.2 National Commitment and Coordination ............................................................................. 30 5.3 Sustainability and Eda Ranu .................................................................................................. 30 5.4 Community Involvement ...................................................................................................... 31 5.5 Options assessment for Increasing WASH in Settlements .................................................... 32 Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank CEPA Conservation and Environmental Protection Authority CSO Civil Society Organisation CSO Community Service Obligation DNPM Department of National Planning and Monitoring DoE Department of Education DoH Department of Health NCDC National Capital District Commission MKA Motu Koitabu Association SOE State Owned Enterprise WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WASH PMU WASH Project Management Unit ii 1 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to describe the peri-urban WASH sector in Papua New Guinea and to discuss the barriers to increasing access to effective water and sanitation services, and the potential enablers that can support the achievement of ambitious WASH targets. The paper also includes an options assessment for increasing access to water supply and sanitation services in settlements. This results from ongoing work in peri-urban WASH in Papua New Guinea that began in April 2017, and included the placement of a WASH Specialist to work with the WASH Program Management Unit in the Department of National Planning and Monitoring (DNPM) and also provide support to other key sector agencies including Water PNG (the utility providing services to urban centres outside of Port Moresby) and Eda Ranu (which provides services in Port Moresby). Findings presented are based on extensive consultations with key stakeholders in Papua New Guinea since 2017, and three WASH Household Surveys (Tete, Vanimo, and Kerema). Household surveys have included interviews with a total of 424 women and 454 men Location Female Male Total as well as a range of both Tete (POM) 68 83 151 structured and Vanimo (West Sepik) 182 162 344 unstructured observations Kerema (Gulf) 174 209 383 of sanitation facilities and Total 424 454 878 hygiene behaviour. 2 Context 2.1 Settlements and Urban Villages There are four broad challenges to be addressed in the WASH sector in PNG if the ambitious national targets are to be achieved, these are how to implement effective WASH programs in urban, rural, informal settlement and urban traditional village locations. Whilst there are similarities between the four, there are critical differences that need to be considered when developing workable, scalable, and adaptable models. This report will focus on WASH in informal settlements (settlements) and urban traditional villages (urban villages) and will identify key barriers to, and enablers for the development of sustainable WASH improvements. For the purposes of this report the word “settlement” will refer to populated areas that are within or close to the gazetted urban area of the National Capital District (NCD - Port Moresby), but are not a formal part of the city, meaning they are informal or unplanned residential areas that have developed outside of the formal urban planning rules of the city. Settlements in PNG generally have the following common characteristics: 1 • Unplanned
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