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Pakistan Studies in the Age of Globalization University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of Anthropology Papers Department of Anthropology 6-2001 Pakistan Studies in the Age of Globalization Brian Spooner University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Spooner, B. (2001). Pakistan Studies in the Age of Globalization. Pakistan Studies News, 3 (2), 1-5. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers/69 Pakistan Studies News is the official newsletter of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies. This text was adapted from a talk given at the inaugural reception of the new AIPS Islamabad Center on January 4, 2001. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers/69 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pakistan Studies in the Age of Globalization Abstract Over the past decade it has gradually become apparent that we are living in an age that is characterized by globalization. There is no single accepted definition of this process, although the word has been in our vocabulary for forty years. Our initial efforts to make sense of it have understandably focused so far on economic and political consequences. These are the most conspicuous, but the long-term significance is deeper and more comprehensive. Globalization has been building for several decades, and may have been inevitable. It is already palpable in relatively conservative sectors of our lives, such as the academic curriculum, and our formulation of research problems. It affects the year-to-year planning of institutions like AIPS, because of changes in the priorities of funding agencies, as well as individual academic careers. Unlike other types of social and cultural change over the past generation, globalization (as the term itself implies) is essentially global, and is therefore as visible in the national culture of countries like Pakistan as much as any in OECD. Pakistan Studies is a form of cultural and intellectual dialogue between the West and Pakistan. This dialogue when it began was bilateral. In the age of globalization it has been subsumed into the larger global dialogue. What are the implications of this change? Disciplines Anthropology | Social and Behavioral Sciences Comments Pakistan Studies News is the official newsletter of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies. This text was adapted from a talk given at the inaugural reception of the new AIPS Islamabad Center on January 4, 2001. This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers/69 PSN Pakistan Studies News Newsletter of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies AIPS Newsletter of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies Summer 2001 Volume III Issue 2 New Series No. 6 PAKISTAN STUDIES IN AIPS News THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION In the last issue I reported [This text is adapted from a talk given at the Pakistan’s in particular, this upheaval was on the opening of the new inaugural reception of the new AIPS Islamabad catastrophic.) It was established with a AIPS Islamabad Center. Center on January 4, 2001. A longer version political system that was alien to its pre- The longest item in this is- is being prepared for electronic publication. colonial heritage. And it was founded to sue is a write up of my ad- Please send comments to the author at serve the needs of a community that was dress at the inaugural re- [email protected].] defined in terms of religious affiliation. ception. It is designed as Pakistan’s history so far is the story of the an optimistic contribution working out of the tensions that were in- to the debate on the nature On behalf of all our member institutions herent in these conditions of its foundation. of our field and how it is and others who support the American In- changing. Please join in. stitute of Pakistan Studies and its pro- We might have expected that Pakistan We would be happy to print grams--welcome to the new AIPS Islama- would therefore be a popular subject your letters on this or other bad Center! among specialists in the comparative study of new states, and from a wide range of topics in a future issue. The opening of this Center is an impor- disciplinary points of view. Paradoxically, Since the reception in tant milestone in the history of the dia- however, Pakistan Studies has been a small January the Director, logue between American and Pakistani and isolated academic field, slow to de- Nadeem Akbar, and his scholars in both the humanities and the velop, and pursued in ways that have over- staff have worked hard to social sciences. It is also a landmark in the lapped little with larger interests in mod- complete the furnishing of history of the Institute, which was founded ern history and social science. It is my fer- the Center. Apart from in order to promote that dialogue. The vent hope that the opening of this Center, necessities such as aircon- Institute was founded in 1973, very close to itself overdue, will help to open up the ditioning, two computers the date of the launching of Pakistan Stud- academic dialogue, and by extension the with internet connections ies in Pakistan in the founding of the Na- public dialogue, on Pakistan to the greater have been installed for the tional Institute of Pakistan Studies on the participation and disciplinary range which use of fellows and other Quaid-i-Azam campus in Islamabad. it deserves. Now, especially, compared to academic visitors. The The dialogue has focused primarily on 1973 (let alone 1947) the time is ripe for bookshelves are beginning the political and social history of Pakistan new academic initiatives. Pakistan has to fill up. The space is al- and its role in regional and international evolved as an academic subject. The for- ready being well used. affairs. Pakistan holds unique interest in mulation and organization of Pakistan There has been a steady this regard: it was the first new country to Studies, as an academic field, have devel- increase in the number of be formed in the modern world—the post- oped in new directions. The omens are local and foreign visitors colonial and post World War II world. It is good. Let me explain why. using the Center both for interesting to compare the experience of informal meetings and Over the past decade it has gradually be- private study. Visitors so Pakistan with the other new countries that come apparent that we are living in an age were established in the following thirty far have included Dr. Elena that is characterized by globalization. Bashir (AIPS Trustee for U. years or so. Like most of them, the new There is no single accepted definition of state was established by peaceful agree- Chicago), Professor Carl this process, although the word has been in Ernst (AIPS Executive Com- ment between representative local and our vocabulary for forty years. Our initial foreign interests, but caused upheaval in mittee member), Dr. Wilma the local population. (In some cases, and Cont’ on page 2 Cont’ on page 7 Pakistan Studies in the Age Of Globalization cont’ from page 1 efforts to make sense of it have tion Pakistan Studies has been hin- Funding agencies and academic pro- understandably focused so far on dered in its development by a number grams (influenced by the already existing economic and political conse- of difficulties. The focused interdisci- framework of foreign policy) easily clas- quences. These are the most con- plinary study of particular other parts sified and compartmentalized the world spicuous, but the long-term sig- of the modern world developed origi- into regions that were each assumed to nificance is deeper and more com- nally out of classical studies in the have a sufficient degree of internal cul- prehensive. Globalization has Western curriculum. It has been char- tural homogeneity to be treated as a unit been building for several decades, acterized as Orientalism—a term for purposes of curriculum development and may have been inevitable. It whose meaning was transformed over- and research. This plural field of area is already palpable in relatively night in 1978 (for better or for worse) studies was built on the textual or classi- conservative sectors of our lives, by Edward Said’s publication of the cal study of the civilizations of the Mid- such as the academic curriculum, same name. This type of academic dle East, South Asia, and the Far East. and our formulation of research endeavor had a philological or textual However, despite the shared cultural problems. It affects the year-to- base and did not begin to grow out of heritage (which could after all be found year planning of institutions like that tradition until well into the 19th between almost any two neighboring AIPS, because of changes in the century. By then the excitement of countries) recent historical experience priorities of funding agencies, as geographical discovery and the race to often made it very difficult to combine well as individual academic ca- bring the whole world into the pur- their modern study. Scholars tend to reers. Unlike other types of social view of knowledge, tempered by the identify with the people they study and and cultural change over the past exigencies of the colonialism, led to commonly pick up local prejudices generation, globalization (as the systematic efforts to describe and against neighboring countries. So, in term itself implies) is essentially document local conditions and render East Asia Chinese Studies and Japanese global, and is therefore as visible them intelligible. Studies have often proved difficult to manage within a single program, and the in the national culture of countries Universities were slow to legitimize like Pakistan as much as any in struggle between them for resources has these new studies.
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