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Neutral Monism-1 The Demise of Neutral Monism Due to the Simplicity Intuition Neutral monism is the view that there is only one fundamental substance, neither physical nor mental, but neutral in nature. On this view, the world's neutral state determines both its mental and physical state. A central motivation for neutral monism is that it purports to provide for a solution to the mind- body problem. According to this solution, aggregates of neutral substance are conscious. A second motivation for neutral monism is that it purports to provide an explanation of the behavior of elementary particles. By this explanation, the neutral essences of elementary particles determine their physical behavior. It is my aim to show that neutral monism is false. My argument has two parts. First I will undermine the central motivation for neutral monism. I will do this by arguing that conscious beings are simple, that is to say, they are not composed of other things. Because conscious beings are simple, aggregates of neutral substance cannot themselves be conscious. And so, the neutral monist's solution to the mind-body problem is undermined. Second, I will show that only physical essences are a plausible candidate to explain the physical behavior of elementary particles. In section (1), I will explain the theory of neutral monism. In section (2), I will explore three conundrums presented by neutral monism. In section (3), I will defend the theory of our simplicity intuition applied to conscious beings. I will demonstrate how the theory of simplicity is in fact a sufficient counter argument to neutral monism. In section (4), I will explore superior objections to the simplicity intuition argument. In section (5), I will summarize David Chalmers mistake of surrendering to neutral monism, in his book The Conscious Mind. I will also discuss the general philosophical implications of surrendering to neutral monism. In section (6), I will explain that physical essences are the only plausible candidate to explain the behavior of these elementary particles, which neutral substance is theorized to govern. For all of its value, I believe Chalmers’ argument for neutral monism is constructed from weak premises and is unsound. In the interest of brevity, it is not my intention to support any justified solution to the mind body problem. I only mean to prove neutral monism false. In the end, I will touch on materialism, in comparison to the failed neutral monism. This paper will strictly focus on neutral monism and simplicity. (1) Neutral Monism Neutral monism classifies as a monistic metaphysical theory. Proponents deal the substance monistic argument in a drove of variety. What characteristic all variations hold in common is the concept of singularity: there exists one fundamental substance which underlies all concrete objects (physical and mental). Substance monism can be divided into the 3 kind, idealism: the one fundamental substance is strictly mental, materialism: the one fundamental substance is physical, and neutral monism. These different variations of substance monism arrive at conflict when determining what realm of existence constitutes this fundamental substance. The majority of neutral monist proponents believe that all physical and mental properties are created from and reduced to this fundamental neutral substance. This substance is believed to be neither physical nor mental thus conveying the idea of neutrality. I will be addressing a form of neutral monism which states that this neutral property constructs the intrinsic nature of the elementary subatomic particles that constitute our physical existence. When aggregated in specific states these same particle features supposedly possess consciousness. To understand this neutral monism we must know (1) the intrinsic nature of the neutral reality, (2) the correlating bond between the perceived Arete physical state and the neutral property, and (3) the correlating bond between the phenomenal experience (mental) and the neutral property. Proponents of neutral monism have the tendency to call the reality between mind and matter “neutral stuff”. We do not know the intrinsic nature of this neutral property; however, this neutral property is theorized to govern certain fundamental particles in our physical world. (1) To understand the nature of the neutral state we must understand the modern physical science’s outlook on elementary subatomic particles. Neutral monism thrives on our current limitation of knowledge in quantum mechanics. With current technology, we have yet to discover the intrinsic nature of subatomic particles, such as quarks and leptons. We have the ability to observe these particle’s actions and their governing features. We can measure mass, movements, quantum tunneling, electrical charge, and spin. We can observe how these particles react with other particles and construct mathematical formulas to predict certain future behavioral features. However, we do not currently know the intrinsic nature of these particles. By this I mean to say that we do not know the nature of the governing features (spin, charge, etc). Quarks and leptons are classified as elementary particles: particles that possess no substructure, and are the smallest things known to man. These particles construct larger particles such as protons, neutrons, etc. These larger particles then turn to construct atoms, which construct our physical state. Bertrand Russell, who was a proponent of neutral monism said, “Its (elementary subatomic properties) relation to the object (elementary subatomic particles) is causal and mathematical; we cannot say whether or not it resembles the object in any intrinsic respect, except that both it and the object are brief events in space-time”. When asked what “charge” is, a quantum physicist will state “it is a property carried by certain elementary particles”. When asked what controls the elementary particle’s charge, physicists will shrug their heads and hand you a calculation trying to predict a specific particle’s future actions based on the observed charge. Proponents of neutral monism say that the neutral reality governs these particles and constitutes their intrinsic nature. Neutral monist proponents believe the neutral substance is responsible for a quarks charge, spin, etc. Chalmers (proponent of neutral monism) uses the term “protophenomenal property” when referring to the governing neutral substance. I will follow Chalmers and use this term protophenomenal property, for I believe it accurately reflects the definition of the neutral property. (2) The intrinsic relationship of our perceived physical state and protophenomenal property is complex. The perceived physical reality exists as a constructed entity of the protophenomenal state. Because the protophenomenal property would govern the state of these fundamental particles (quarks and leptons), it would in turn control the larger particles which these particles construct (protons, neutrons, etc), and in turn control entire atoms themselves, which compose and govern the physical nature of all objects. The physical world would hold no existence or action in absence of the protophenomenal substance. The state of the protophenomenal substance qualitatively determines the state of the physical world. Physical properties would logically supervene on protophenomenal properties. Our entire physical existence would directly supervene from a qualitatively specific protophenomenal property. (3) Protophenomenal substance holds a constructing relation to phenomenal consciousness as well. When qualitatively specific aggregates of protophenomenal substance are composed, they possess an extrinsic feature of consciousness (e.g. conscious cognitive matter). Certain protophenomenal properties possess conscious experience, theoretically depending on their arrangement and relation to each other. Phenomenal consciousness logically supervenes from the neutral state. All mental sensation The Demise of Neutral Monism Due to the Simplicity Intuition and experience is ultimately composed from different protophenomenal property conglomerations. The phenomenal consciousness is strictly an experience receptor for certain neutral states. Not all protophenomenal states need phenomenal consciousness. Theoretically, an aggregate of protophenomenal properties that construct a table would most likely not possess consciousness. An aggregate of protophenomenal properties that construct a human brain would have the feature of consciousness. An example for clarity, so we may view the relation between the neutral, mental, and physical. “I see red”. This sensation «red» is a creation of my protophenomenal state. Certain protophenomenal properties conglomerated in a qualitatively specific structure. This conglomeration constructs a physical state of a certain “red” property. This physical state of «red» was simply projected through the certain configuration of multiple subatomic particles. Because the mental state simultaneously supervenes from the protophenomenal state, I have this phenomenal experience of red, however it is just a feature of my protophenomenal state, imaging itself into my perceived consciousness. On the next page I have created a simplified diagram, which illustrates the process occurring in a human brain under the governance of the neutral monist theory. Some possible protophenomenal states are in the middle column. Each one of these qualitatively different protophenomenal states gives rise to a corresponding physical state (right column) and phenomenal experience
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