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Macrobenthos of Intertidal Zone of Versova Along the Coast of Mumbai

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Macrobenthos of Intertidal Zone of Versova Along the Coast of Mumbai Journal of the Indian Fisheries Asso 9 30, 2003, 9-17 CROBE HOS OF INTERTIDAL ZONE OF VERSOVA ALONG T COAST OF t>AI K. Anandan, P. K. Varshney*, A. K. Jaiswar and Chandra Prakash Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai - 400 061 *Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Lucknow Centre, Chinhat, Lucknow - 227 105 S rzCT To assess the biodiversity of macrobenthos in the changing environment along the coast of Mumbai, the intertidal zone of Versova was identified. The water quality in this intertidal region was poor with low pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen, and high nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and ammonia. The substratum was sandy with 1.29% organic matter in it. Mean faunal density of 2257 no./m2 was recorded during the study which was mainly contributed by polychaetes (83.5%) followed by amphipods (14.5%), while other groups represented were isopods, crabs, hermit crabs, unidentified decapods, pelecypods and gastropods. Average biomass of 34.83 g/m 2 (93.7%) was contributed by polychaetes. Shannon and Wiener Index (0.4107) indicated heavy pollution in the intertidal area of Versova. Key words: Macrobenthos, intertidal, density, biomass, pollution, Shannon and Wiener index INTRODUCTION area of 1.36 km Z receives sewage (131,000,000 1/d) and industrial wastes The intertidal areas of Mumbai have (600,0001/d) from the adjacent areas. been polluted due to the discharge of industrial waste and sewage. Pollution of The production potential of demersal the intertidal areas of Mumbai has resulted fishery of the near-shore region is dependent in the loss of biodiversity from the coastal on the production of benthos of the region. areas. Some of the localities have become To assess this production potential of completely baiTen. Benthic organisms are macrobenthos, a large number of the most disturbed group among the affected investigations on fauna have been carried fauna of the intertidal area. Versova Creek out at different intertidal areas of Mumbai and the intertidal area along the Versova (Varshney, 1982; Padmakumar, 1983; Village are the examples of such affected Dwivedi and Varshney, 1986; Jaiswar, areas. This small creek with an aproximate 1999). However, information on the * Corresponding author 10 K. ANANDAN, P. K. VARSHNEY, A. K. JAISWAR AND CHANDRA PRAKASH intertidal fauna of Versova Creek is scanty Holme and McIntyre (1984). For the (Sreeramamurthy, 1980). Therefore, the estimation of density and biomass, sediment present study on the intertidal from 0.1-m2 area was collected in replicates macrobenthos of Versova in the prevailing from each zone, and was sieved with 0.5- environmental conditions was taken up. mm mesh sieve and preserved with rose Bengal solution for identification and analysis in the laboratory. The benthic MATERIAL AND METHODS population in the 0.1-m 2 area was considered to assess the density and Study Area biomass. Averages often random samples Versova Creek is the mouth of the Malad of benthos each from 1-m 2 area at marked Creek in the northwest part of Mumbai. It stations of the fixed transect were computed. opens into the Arabian Sea in south. At the For biomass estimation, benthic animals northern extremity, it has a dense forest of found in 1-m2 area were weighed. mangroves, which has been continuously To correlate the distribution and destroyed and reclaimed. The common abundance patterns with pollution in mangrove species reported is Avecinea different months, Shannon and Wiener marina. Versova beach is sandy and index was calculated by the formula: partially protected by the Madh Island, which is northward of Versova opposite to S Malad. H' = lin Pi ln i=1 Three sampling stations were identified and fixed in the intertidal zone in the upper where, H' = diversity index, S = total littoral, mid littoral and lower littoral zones number of species in the community sample in a transect (Stephenson, 1953). The and Pi = proportion of ith species in the sampling for environmental and biological community sample. parameters was done during spring low tide of every month from September 2001 to February 2002. The environmental RESULTS parameters included air and water The results of environmental temperatures, pH, alkalinity, chloride, parameters studied for Versova are salinity, dissolved oxygen, free CO 2, presented in Table 1. ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, organic matter, iron, and manganese in water. Sediment was differentiated into Temperature sand, silt and clay using sieves of different Both air and water temperatures mesh sizes (Holme and McIntyre, 1984). recorded at Verosva varied form 22.0 to The water and sediment samples were 32.5 0C and from 19.5 to 29.0 ° C, analyzed following the method of Strickland respectively. The highest air (32.5 °C) and and Parsons (1968). The analysis of benthic water (29.0°C) temperatures were recorded samples was done following the method of • MACROBENTHOS OF INTERTIDAL ZONE OF VERSOVA 11 ALONG THE COAST OF MUMBAI 00 t"- • `11 711 CO CD CO T-4 CO CO CD • cv 00 CrD N C.) CD CD CD CO CI) 7P CO cYS a® ho co o N. 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CO 00 cv 0 '711 16 0 ° N 0 Cl ame o o oo co co .6 16 co r.--1 N N co d 06 6 6 T-1 6 ar CI 6 6 0.) yrni l p ta /1) en nm (mg /1) en /1) iro /1) /1) v (mg (mg (mg (mg En d oxyg 2 a) ese ity 1: C) an ides lve CO lin le e so b Chlor Ta Dis Fre Alka Mang 12 K. ANANDAN, P. K. VARSHNEY, A. K. JAISWAR AND CHANDRA PRAKASH in the month of October 2001, while the dissolved oxygen content (4 mg/1) was lowest was recorded in the month of recorded in September and October 2001. January 2002. The average air and water temperatures for the six months were 26.58 Free Carbon Dioxide and 24.91°C, respectively. The free carbon dioxide ranged between of 8.0 mg/1 in September 2001 to 4.0 mg/I pH in November 2001. The average value was The pH values varied form 7.4 to 8.2. 5.05 mg/1 for the entire period. The maximum pH (8.2) was recorded in January and February 2002, and the lowest monia-Nitrogen pH (7.4) was observed in September and October 2001. It was also noticed that pH The ammonia-nitrogen ranged from increased gradually from October to 0.80 to 0.90 mg/I and the average value for February. the entire period was 0.85 mg/l. The ammonia-nitrogen content gradually increased from September to February and Alkalinity the highest value was observed in February The alkalinity ranged from 140 to 170 2002. mg/l. The alkalinity gradually increased from September to February and the Nitrite-Nitrogen maximum alkalinity (170 mg/1) was recorded in February. The average The values of nitrite-nitrogen varied alkalinity for the six months was 158.6 within a narrow range of 0.85 mg/I in mg/l. November 2001 to 0.90 mg/1 in February 2002 and the average value for the entire period was 0.87 mg/I. Salinity The salinity varied within the range of Nitrate-Nitrogen 30 to 35%0. The maximum salinity was noticed in February 2001 and the lowest The nitrate-nitrogen contents varied one was recorded in September 2001.
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