NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES of IDAHO a WORKING LIST for the CONSERVATION of BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (Revised January, 1997) Compiled by Steven K

NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO A WORKING LIST FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (revised January, 1997) Compiled by Steven K. Rust Conservation Data Center Idaho Department of Fish and Game

Introduction. Plant communities (potential natural vegetation plant associations and stable plant community types) known or expected to occur in Idaho are listed within the physiognomic framework of the National Vegetation Classification (NVC). Four hierarchical levels are presented (using the plant association Pinus albicaulis/Carex rossii as an example): CLASS (e.g., I. Forest), SUBCLASS (e.g., I.A. Evergreen Forest), GROUP (e.g., I.A.8.N. Temperate or Subpolar Needle- leaved Evergreen Forest), and FORMATION (e.g., I.A.8.N.b. Round-crowned evergreen forest). Some terms used in the NVC hierarchical scheme are replaced with terms that are more familiar to our region (e.g., ‘closed tree canopy’ as used in the NVC is replaced here by ‘forest’). The letter ‘N’ in the GROUP and FORMATION codes (e.g., I.A.8.N.b.) distinguishes natural and semi-natural vegetation from planted or cultivated vegetation. All of the plant community elements listed here are considered natural or semi-natural.

The individual distributions of species give rise to variation in species composition over the range of a particular community element. Due to administrative and logistic factors, considerable variation occurs in the geographical scope of work in community ecology and to what degree biological differences in composition and structure are resolved. In compiling a regional classification, these factors contribute to problems with the compatibility of community elements described by different authors. Uncertainty in the classification of vegetation in Idaho may be attributed to the following sources: First, some plant community elements are based only on field observations (formal data collection and analysis have not contributed to the recognition of the element). These elements were usually observed and recorded as occurring within the region prior to the availability of appropriate classification work. Quantitative documentation of the structure and species composition of these plant communities is needed. Second, a number of plant communities observed in Idaho are thought to be similar to communities that are described outside our area; but only observational data support the occurrence of the element in our area. Finally, there is a group of communities that are described over a small area relative to the expected range of the element; the relevance of the classification work to the expected range of occurrence has not been formally documented. To assist with the recognition of plant community classification and inventory needs and to assure appropriate use of the information presented here, the relative confidence in the classification of individual plant community elements is indicated within the list.

This work was completed through a Cooperative Challenge Cost-Share Agreement between Idaho Department of Fish and Game and USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station and supported by The Nature Conservancy.

I. Forest I.A. Evergreen Forest I.A.8. Temperate or Subpolar Needle-Leaved Evergreen Forest I.A.8.N.b. Round-crowned evergreen forest Pinus albicaulis/Carex rossii Pinus albicaulis/Vaccinium scoparium Pinus contorta/Arnica cordifolia NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 2

Pinus contorta/Calamagrostis rubescens Pinus contorta/Spiraea betulifolia Pinus contorta/Vaccinium caespitosum Pinus contorta/Vaccinium globulare Pinus contorta/Vaccinium scoparium Pinus contorta/Xerophyllum tenax Pinus ponderosa/Calamagrostis rubescens § 1 Pinus ponderosa/Physocarpus malvaceus Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos albus Pinus ponderosa/Symphoricarpos oreophilus I.A.8.N.c. Conical-crowned evergreen forest Abies grandis/Acer glabrum Abies grandis/Adiantum pedatum § Abies grandis/Asarum caudatum Abies grandis/Clintonia uniflora Abies grandis/Coptis occidentalis Abies grandis/Linnaea borealis Abies grandis/Physocarpus malvaceus Abies grandis/Spiraea betulifolia Abies grandis/Taxus brevifolia/Asarum caudatum Abies grandis/Taxus brevifolia/Clintonia uniflora Abies grandis/Vaccinium caespitosum Abies grandis/Vaccinium globulare Abies grandis/Xerophyllum tenax Picea engelmannii/Arnica cordifolia Picea engelmannii/Hypnum revolutum Picea engelmannii/Juniperus communis Picea engelmannii/Ribes montigenum Pseudotsuga menziesii/Acer glabrum Pseudotsuga menziesii/Arnica cordifolia Pseudotsuga menziesii/Berberis repens Pseudotsuga menziesii/Calamagrostis rubescens Pseudotsuga menziesii/Carex geyeri Pseudotsuga menziesii/Juniperus communis Pseudotsuga menziesii/Linnaea borealis Pseudotsuga menziesii/Osmorhiza chilensis Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus Pseudotsuga menziesii/Spiraea betulifolia NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 3

Pseudotsuga menziesii/Symphoricarpos albus Pseudotsuga menziesii/Symphoricarpos oreophilus Pseudotsuga menziesii/Vaccinium caespitosum Pseudotsuga menziesii/Vaccinium globulare Thuja Plicata/Dryopteris spp Thuja plicata/Adiantum pedatum Thuja plicata/Asarum caudatum Thuja plicata/Clintonia uniflora Thuja plicata/Gymnocarpium dryopteris Tsuga heterophylla/Asarum caudatum Tsuga heterophylla/Clintonia uniflora Tsuga heterophylla/Gymnocarpium dryopteris Tsuga heterophylla/Menziesia ferruginea Tsuga mertensiana/Clintonia uniflora Tsuga mertensiana/Luzula hitchcockii Tsuga mertensiana/Menziesia ferruginea Tsuga mertensiana/Phyllodoce empetriformis § Tsuga mertensiana/Xerophyllum tenax I.A.8.N.d. Cylindrical-crowned evergreen forest Abies lasiocarpa/Acer glabrum Abies lasiocarpa/Actaea rubra Abies lasiocarpa/Alnus sinuata Abies lasiocarpa/Arnica cordifolia Abies lasiocarpa/Arnica latifolia Abies lasiocarpa/Berberis repens Abies lasiocarpa/Calamagrostis rubescens Abies lasiocarpa/Carex geyeri Abies lasiocarpa/Carex rossii Abies lasiocarpa/Clintonia uniflora Abies lasiocarpa/Coptis occidentalis Abies lasiocarpa/Linnaea borealis Abies lasiocarpa/Luzula hitchcockii Abies lasiocarpa/Menziesia ferruginea Abies lasiocarpa/Osmorhiza chilensis Abies lasiocarpa/Pedicularis racemosa Abies lasiocarpa/Physocarpus malvaceus Abies lasiocarpa/Polemonium pulcherrimum Abies lasiocarpa/Rhododendron albiflorum § NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 4

Abies lasiocarpa/Ribes montigenum Abies lasiocarpa/Spiraea betulifolia Abies lasiocarpa/Symphoricarpos albus Abies lasiocarpa/Thalictrum occidentale Abies lasiocarpa/Vaccinium caespitosum Abies lasiocarpa/Vaccinium globulare Abies lasiocarpa/Vaccinium scoparium Abies lasiocarpa/Xerophyllum tenax I.A.8.N.e. Seasonally/temporarily flooded evergreen forest Picea engelmannii/Calamagrostis canadensis Picea engelmannii/Galium trifolium I.A.8.N.f. Seasonally flooded/saturated evergreen forest Abies grandis/Senecia triangularis Abies lasiocarpa/Calamagrostis canadensis Abies lasiocarpa/Caltha biflora Abies lasiocarpa/Ledum glandulosum Abies lasiocarpa/Oplopanax horridum Abies lasiocarpa/Streptopus amplexifolius Picea engelmannii/Caltha leptosepala Picea engelmannii/Carex disperma Picea engelmannii/Equisetum arvense Picea glauca/Carex disperma Picea glauca/Carex utriculata Picea glauca/Equisetum arvense Pinus contorta/Vaccinium occidentale Thuja plicata/Athyrium filix-femina Thuja plicata/Lysichitum americanum ‡ 2 Thuja plicata/Oplopanax horridum Tsuga mertensiana/Streptopus amplexifolius I.B. Deciduous Forest I.B.2. Cold-Deciduous Forest I.B.2.N.b. Montane or boreal cold-deciduous forest Acer grandidentatum/Berberis repens § Acer grandidentatum/Calamagrostis rubescens § Acer grandidentatum/Juniperus scopulorum § Acer grandidentatum/Osmorhiza chilensis § Populus tremuloides/Amelanchier alnifolia-Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Bromus carinatus Populus tremuloides/Amelanchier alnifolia-Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Calamagrostis rubescens NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 5

Populus tremuloides/Amelanchier alnifolia-Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Tall Forb Populus tremuloides/Amelanchier alnifolia-Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Thalictrum fendleri Populus tremuloides/Amelanchier alnifolia/Tall Forb Populus tremuloides/Amelanchier alnifolia/Thalictrum fendleri Populus tremuloides/Artemisia tridentata Populus tremuloides/Bromus carinatus Populus tremuloides/Calamagrostis rubescens Populus tremuloides/Crataegus douglasii-Symphoricarpos albus Populus tremuloides/Juniperus communis/Carex geyeri Populus tremuloides/Rubus parviflorus Populus tremuloides/Salix scouleriana Populus tremuloides/Shepherdia canadensis Populus tremuloides/Stipa comata Populus tremuloides/Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Bromus carinatus Populus tremuloides/Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Calamagrostis rubescens Populus tremuloides/Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Carex rossii Populus tremuloides/Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Tall Forb Populus tremuloides/Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Thalictrum fendleri Populus tremuloides/Tall Forb Populus tremuloides/Thalictrum fendleri Populus tremuloides/Wyethia amplexicaulis I.B.2.N.d. Seasonally/temporarily flooded cold-deciduous forest Acer negundo/Cornus stolonifera Alnus rhombifolia/Amelanchier alnifolia Alnus rhombifolia/Betula occidentalis Alnus rhombifolia/Celtis reticulata Alnus rhombifolia/Philadelphus lewisii Alnus rhombifolia/Prunus virginiana Alnus rhombifolia/Rhus glabra Alnus rhombifolia/Rosa woodsii Alnus rhombifolia/Sambucus cerulea Alnus rubra/Adiantum pedatum Populus Trichocarpa/Recent Alluvial Bar ‡ Populus angustifolia/Acer grandidentatum Populus angustifolia/Betula occidentalis Populus angustifolia/Chrysopsis villosa Populus angustifolia/Elaeagnus commutata Populus angustifolia/Rhus trilobata NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 6

Populus tremuloides/Veratrum californicum Populus trichocarpa/Alnus incana ‡ Populus trichocarpa/Cicuta douglasii Populus trichocarpa/Cornus stolonifera Populus trichocarpa/Crataegus douglasii ¶ 3 Populus trichocarpa/Festuca idahoensis ¶ Populus trichocarpa/Rhamnus alnifolia § Populus trichocarpa/Rosa woodsii ‡ Populus trichocarpa/Salix lutea ‡ Populus trichocarpa/Symphoricarpos albus § I.B.2.N.e. Seasonally flooded/saturated cold-deciduous forest Acer negundo/Equisetum arvense Populus tremuloides/Calamagrostis canadensis ‡ I.C. Mixed Evergreen-Deciduous Forest I.C.3. Mixed Needle-leaved Evergreen - Cold-deciduous Forest I.C.3.N.a. Mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forest Larix lyallii-Abies lasiocarpa II. Woodland II.A. Evergreen Woodland II.A.4. Temperate or Subpolar Needle-Leaved Evergreen Woodland II.A.4.N.a. Round-crowned evergreen woodland Juniperus occidentalis/Artemisia tridentata vaseyana Juniperus occidentalis/Cercocarpus ledifolius/Symphoricarpos oreophilus Juniperus osteosperma-Pinus monophylla/Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Agropyron spicatum § Juniperus osteosperma-Pinus monophylla/Cercocarpus ledifolius/Agropyron spicatum § Juniperus osteosperma-Pinus monophylla/Prunus virginiana § Juniperus osteosperma/Agropyron spicatum ‡ Juniperus osteosperma/Artemisia nova/Agropyron spicatum ‡ Juniperus osteosperma/Artemisia nova/Poa secunda § Juniperus osteosperma/Artemisia tridentata ‡ Juniperus osteosperma/Artemisia tridentata tridentata/Agropyron spicatum § Juniperus osteosperma/Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Agropyron spicatum § Juniperus osteosperma/Purshia tridentata-Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Agropyron spicatum § Juniperus osteosperma/Purshia tridentata/Poa secunda § Pinus albicaulis (Timberline) § Pinus albicaulis-Abies lasiocarpa Pinus albicaulis/Carex geyeri Pinus albicaulis/Festuca idahoensis NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 7

Pinus albicaulis/Juniperus communis Pinus albicaulis/Poa nervosa § Pinus contorta/Festuca idahoensis Pinus flexilis (Timberline) § Pinus flexilis/Cercocarpus ledifolius Pinus flexilis/Festuca idahoensis Pinus flexilis/Juniperus communis Pinus flexilis/Leucopoa kingii Pinus flexilis/Purshia tridentata ¶ Pinus ponderosa/Agropyron spicatum Pinus ponderosa/Festuca idahoensis Pinus ponderosa/Festuca scabrella ‡ Pinus ponderosa/Purshia tridentata Pinus ponderosa/Stipa comata Pinus ponderosa/Stipa occidentalis spp II.A.4.N.b. Conical-crowned evergreen woodland Abies grandis/Calamagrostis rubescens Pseudotsuga menziesii/Agropyron spicatum Pseudotsuga menziesii/Cercocarpus ledifolius Pseudotsuga menziesii/Festuca idahoensis Pseudotsuga menziesii/Juniperus scopulorum § Pseudotsuga menziesii/Leucopoa kingii § II.A.4.N.c. Cylindrical-crowned evergreen woodland Abies lasiocarpa-Pinus albicaulis/Vaccinium scoparium Abies lasiocarpa/Juniperus communis II.A.4.N.d. Seasonally/temporarily flooded evergreen woodland Picea engelmannii/Cornus stolonifera Pinus flexilis/Potentilla fruticosa/Distichlis spicata stricta § Pinus ponderosa/Crataegus douglasii ¶ II.B. Deciduous Woodland II.B.2. Cold-Deciduous Woodland II.B.2.N.a. Cold-deciduous woodland Celtis reticulata/Agropyron spicatum II.B.2.N.b. Seasonally/temporarily flooded cold-deciduous woodland Populus angustifolia/Cornus stolonifera III. Shrubland III.A. Evergreen Shrubland III.A.4. Microphyllous Evergreen Shrubland NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 8

III.A.4.N.a. Microphyllous evergreen shrubland Artemisia cana viscidula/Deschampsia cespitosa Artemisia cana viscidula/Festuca idahoensis Artemisia tridentata spiciformis/Bromus carinatus Artemisia tridentata spiciformis/Carex geyeri Artemisia tridentata tridentata/Elymus cinereus Artemisia tridentata tridentata/Festuca idahoensis Artemisia tridentata tridentata/Poa secunda § Artemisia tridentata tridentata/Stipa comata Artemisia tridentata vaseyana-Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Agropyron spicatum Artemisia tridentata vaseyana-Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Bromus carinatus Artemisia tridentata vaseyana-Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Carex geyeri Artemisia tridentata vaseyana-Symphoricarpos oreophilus/Festuca idahoensis Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Agropyron spicatum Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Bromus carinatus Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Elymus cinereus Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Leucopoa kingii ‡ Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Poa secunda ¶ Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Stipa comata Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis/Carex filifolia § Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis/Elymus ambiguus salmonis § Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis/Festuca idahoensis § Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis/Poa secunda Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis/Sitanion hystrix Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis/Stipa comata Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis/Stipa thurberiana Artemisia tridentata xericensis/Agropyron spicatum Artemisia tridentata xericensis/Festuca idahoensis Cercocarpus ledifolius/Agropyron spicatum Cercocarpus ledifolius/Artemisia tridentata Cercocarpus ledifolius/Artemisia tridentata vaseyana ‡ Cercocarpus ledifolius/Artemisia tridentata/Festuca idahoensis Cercocarpus ledifolius/Calamagrostis rubescens Cercocarpus ledifolius/Elymus ambiguus salmonis § Cercocarpus ledifolius/Elymus cinereus Cercocarpus ledifolius/Festuca idahoensis Cercocarpus ledifolius/Holodiscus dumosus § Cercocarpus ledifolius/Leucopoa kingii § NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 9

Cercocarpus ledifolius/Symphoricarpos albus/Festuca idahoensis Cercocarpus ledifolius/Symphoricarpos oreophilus Chrysothamnus nauseosus/Elymus flavescens/Psoralea lanceolata ¶ Purshia tridentata-Artemisia tridentata tridentata ¶ Purshia tridentata-Chrysothamnus nauseosus ¶ Purshia tridentata-Prunus virginiana ¶ Purshia tridentata/Poa nevadensis § III.A.5. Extremely Xeromorphic Evergreen Shrubland III.A.5.N.b. Facultatively deciduous extremely xeromorphic subdesert subshrub Atriplex confertifolia/Agropyron spicatum § Atriplex confertifolia/Elymus ambiguus salmonis § Atriplex confertifolia/Oryzopsis hymenoides § Atriplex confertifolia/Sitanion hystrix § III.B. Deciduous Shrubland III.B.2. Cold-Deciduous Shrubland III.B.2.N.a. Temperate cold-deciduous shrubland Crataegus douglasii/Symphoricarpos albus Physocarpus malvaceus-Symphoricarpos albus Prunus virginiana/Artemisia tridentata vaseyana-Symphoricarpos oreophilus § Symphoricarpos albus-Rosa spp III.B.2.N.c. Seasonally/temporarily flooded cold-deciduous shrubland Betula occidentalis/Celtis reticulata Betula occidentalis/Crataegus douglasii § Betula occidentalis/Philadelphus lewisii § Betula occidentalis/Prunus virginiana Betula occidentalis/Purshia tridentata/Stipa comata § Crataegus douglasii/Heracleum lanatum Crataegus douglasii/Montia perfoliata ¶ Philadelphus lewisii § III.B.2.N.d. Seasonally flooded/saturated cold-deciduous shrubland Alnus incana-Betula occidentalis/Salix exigua Alnus incana/Carex utriculata ‡ Alnus incana/Cornus stolonifera Alnus incana/Mesic Forb Alnus incana/Mesic Graminoid Alnus incana/Ribes hudsonianum Alnus incana/Spiraea douglasii ‡ Alnus sinuata NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 10

Alnus sinuata/Athyrium filix-femina ‡ Alnus sinuata/Mesic Forb ‡ Alnus sinuata/Montia cordifolia Betula occidentalis/Cornus stolonifera Betula occidentalis/Mesic Forb Betula papyrifera/Aralia nudicaulis ‡ Cornus stolonifera ‡ Cornus stolonifera/Galium trifolium Cornus stolonifera/Heracleum lanatum Potentilla fruticosa/Deschampsia cespitosa Rhamnus alnifolia Rosa woodsii ‡ Salix bebbiana ‡ Salix bebbiana/Mesic Graminoid Salix boothii/Mesic Forb Salix boothii/Mesic Graminoid Salix boothii/Poa palustris Salix boothii/Smilacina stellata Salix drummondiana ‡ Salix drummondiana/Calamagrostis canadensis Salix exigua/Barren Salix exigua/Equisetum arvense Salix exigua/Mesic Forb Salix exigua/Mesic Graminoid Salix exigua/Rosa woodsii ‡ Salix geyeriana/Deschampsia cespitosa Salix geyeriana/Geum macrophyllum Salix geyeriana/Mesic Forb Salix geyeriana/Mesic Graminoid Salix geyeriana/Poa palustris Salix lasiandra/Bench ‡ Salix lasiandra/Mesic Forb ‡ Salix lasiandra/Rosa woodsii ‡ Salix lasiolepis/Barren Salix lutea Salix lutea/Bench ‡ Salix lutea/Mesic Forb ‡ Salix lutea/Rosa woodsii ‡ NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 11

Salix wolfii/Calamagrostis canadensis Salix wolfii/Deschampsia cespitosa Salix wolfii/Mesic Forb Salix wolfii/Poa palustris III.B.2.N.e. Saturated cold-deciduous shrubland Alnus incana/Athyrium filix-femina ‡ Alnus incana/Equisetum arvense ‡ Alnus incana/Lysichitum americanum ‡ Betula glandulosa/Carex lasiocarpa § Betula glandulosa/Carex simulata Betula glandulosa/Carex utriculata ‡ Betula glandulosa/Lonicera caerulea/Senecio pseudaureus Betula occidentalis ‡ Salix boothii/Calamagrostis canadensis Salix boothii/Carex aquatilis Salix boothii/Carex nebraskensis Salix boothii/Carex utriculata Salix boothii/Equisetum arvense Salix candida/Carex utriculata ‡ Salix commutata/Carex scopulorum Salix drummondiana/Carex utriculata ‡ Salix eastwoodiae/Carex aquatilis Salix eastwoodiae/Carex utriculata Salix geyeriana/Calamagrostis canadensis Salix geyeriana/Carex aquatilis Salix geyeriana/Carex utriculata Salix planifolia Salix planifolia monica/Carex aquatilis-Carex utriculata Salix planifolia monica/Carex scopulorum ‡ Salix planifolia/Carex aquatilis Salix wolfii/Carex aquatilis Salix wolfii/Carex microptera Salix wolfii/Carex nebraskensis Salix wolfii/Carex utriculata Salix wolfii/Swertia perennis-Pedicularis groenlandica Spiraea douglasii ‡ III.B.3. Extremely Xeromorphic Cold-Deciduous Shrubland NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 12

III.B.3.N.a. Extremely xeromorphic cold-deciduous shrubland Glossopetalon nevadensis/Agropyron spicatum III.B.3.N.b. Intermittently flooded extremely xeromorphic cold-deciduous shrubland Sarcobatus vermiculatus/Distichlis spicata stricta Sarcobatus vermiculatus/Elymus cinereus ‡ IV. Dwarf-Shrubland IV.A. Evergreen Dwarf-Shrubland IV.A.1. Needle-Leaved or Microphyllous Evergreen Dwarf-Shrubland IV.A.1.N.b. Creeping or matted needle-leaved or microphyllous evergreen dwarf-shrubland Cassiope mertensiana-Phyllodoce empetriformis ‡ Cassiope mertensiana/Carex paysonis ‡ Cassiope mertensiana/Luetkea pectinata ‡ Eriogonum ovalifolium depressum Cinder Gardens ¶ Phyllodoce empetriformis/Antennaria lanata ‡ IV.A.1.N.g. Saturated needle-leaved or microphyllous evergreen dwarf-shrubland Kalmia microphylla/Carex scopulorum ‡ Phyllodoce empetriformis-Ledum glandulosum IV.A.2. Extremely Xeromorphic Dwarf-Shrubland IV.A.2.N.a. Extremely xeromorphic evergreen subdesert dwarf-shrubland Artemisia nova/Agropyron spicatum Artemisia nova/Oryzopsis hymenoides ‡ Artemisia nova/Poa secunda § Eriogonum spp-Physaria oregana Eurotia lanata/Poa secunda IV.B. Deciduous Dwarf-Shrubland IV.B.2. Cold-Deciduous Dwarf-Shrubland IV.B.2.N.b. Creeping or matted cold-deciduous dwarf-shrubland Salix nivalis ¶ V. Herbaceous V.A. Perennial Graminoid Vegetation V.A.5. Temperate or Subpolar Grassland V.A.5.N.b. Tall bunch temperate grassland Elymus cinereus V.A.5.N.c. Medium-tall sod temperate or subpolar grassland Agropyron smithii V.A.5.N.d. Medium-tall bunch temperate or subpolar grassland Agropyron spicatum-Festuca idahoensis Agropyron spicatum-Melica bulbosa NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 13

Agropyron spicatum-Poa secunda Agropyron spicatum-Poa secunda, Scabland Agropyron spicatum-Poa secunda/Balsamorhiza sagittata Agropyron spicatum/Eriogonum heracleoides Agropyron spicatum/Opuntia polyacantha Bromus spp/Stipa occidentalis Elymus ambiguus salmonis/Enceliopsis nudicaulis § Elymus ambiguus salmonis/Lupinus argenteus § Festuca idahoensis-Agropyron spicatum Festuca idahoensis-Carex geyeri Festuca idahoensis-Carex hoodii Festuca idahoensis-Danthonia californica § Festuca idahoensis-Koeleria cristata Festuca idahoensis/Eriogonum caespitosum ¶ Festuca idahoensis/Potentilla diversifolia ¶ Festuca idahoensis/Rosa nutkana Festuca idahoensis/Symphoricarpos albus Festuca scabrella-Festuca idahoensis § Festuca viridula § Sporobolus cryptandra-Poa secunda V.A.5.N.f. Short bunch temperate or subpolar grassland Aristida longiseta/Poa secunda Carex stenophylla-Poa secunda § V.A.5.N.g. Short alpine or subalpine sod grassland Calamagrostis purpurescens Carex albonigra § Carex elynoides/Lupinus argenteus ¶ Carex elynoides/Oxytropis sericea ¶ Carex paysonis ¶ Carex rupestris ¶ Carex scirpoidea/Geum rossii ‡ Carex scirpoidea/Potentilla diversifolia ‡ V.A.5.N.h. Short alpine or subalpine dry bunch grassland Agropyron scribneri ¶ Festuca idahoensis (Alpine) Juncus drummondii-Carex spp ¶ Juncus parryi § Leucopoa kingii-Carex elynoides NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 14

Leucopoa kingii-Poa cusickii Leucopoa kingii/Achillea millefolium Leucopoa kingii/Oxytropis compestris ‡ Leucopoa kingii/Phlox pulvinata Poa epilis ¶ V.A.5.N.i. Intermittently flooded temperate grassland Distichlis spicata stricta Elymus cinereus-Distichlis spicata stricta V.A.5.N.j. Seasonally/temporarily flooded temperate grassland Agrostis exarata-Agrostis scabra Carex nigricans ‡ Carex nigricans-Agrostis humilis ¶ Deschampsia cespitosa Deschampsia cespitosa/Caltha leptosepala ‡ Deschampsia cespitosa/Potentilla diversifolia ¶ Distichlis spicata stricta-Scirpus nevadensis ‡ Festuca idahoensis-Danthonia intermedia-Carex Festuca idahoensis-Deschampsia cespitosa ‡ Hordeum jubatum ‡ Phragmites communis/Rhus radicans Spartina gracilis ‡ V.A.5.N.k. Seasonally flooded/saturated temperate grassland Calamagrostis canadensis Carex aquatilis Carex buxbaumii Community Type Carex cusickii § Carex lanuginosa Carex lasiocarpa Carex limosa Carex microptera Carex nebraskensis Carex praegracilis-Carex aquatilis Carex scopulorum ‡ Dulichium arundinaceum § Eleocharis acicularis ¶ Eleocharis palustris (Wetland/Riparian) Eleocharis pauciflorus Eriophorum polystachion ‡ NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 15

Juncus balticus Phalaris arundinacea ‡ V.A.5.N.l. Semipermanently flooded temperate grassland Carex livida § Carex utriculata Carex vesicaria ‡ Eleocharis pauciflora-Carex aquatilis, Carex livida phase Eleocharis rostellata Herbaceous Vegetation ‡ Glyceria borealis ‡ Phragmites australis ‡ Scirpus acutus ‡ Scirpus americanus ‡ Scirpus cespitosus-Carex livida Scirpus maritimus ‡ Scirpus validus ‡ Typha latifolia V.A.5.N.m. Saturated temperate grassland Carex aperta ‡ Carex simulata V.A.6. Temperate or Subpolar Grassland with a Tree Layer V.A.6.N.b. Tall temperate grassland with needle-leaved evergreen trees Juniperus osteosperma-Pinus monophylla/Elymus cinereus § V.A.6.N.f. Medium-tall temperate or subpolar grassland with needle-leaved evergreen trees Juniperus occidentalis/Agropyron spicatum Juniperus occidentalis/Artemisia arbuscula/Festuca idahoensis Juniperus occidentalis/Festuca idahoensis Juniperus osteosperma/Elymus ambiguus salmonis § Juniperus osteosperma/Stipa comata § V.A.7. Temperate or Subpolar Grassland with a Shrub Layer V.A.7.N.b. Tall temperate grassland with microphyllus evergreen shrubs Purshia tridentata/Agropyron spicatum-Elymus cinereus ¶ V.A.7.N.e. Medium-tall temperate or subpolar grassland with needle-leaved or microphyllus evergreen shrubs Artemisia tridentata tridentata/Agropyron spicatum Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Carex geyeri Artemisia tridentata vaseyana/Festuca idahoensis Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis/Agropyron spicatum Artemisia tripartita/Agropyron spicatum Artemisia tripartita/Elymus cinereus § NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 16

Artemisia tripartita/Festuca idahoensis Artemisia tripartita/Stipa comata Purshia tridentata/Agropyron spicatum Purshia tridentata/Festuca idahoensis Purshia tridentata/Stipa comata Sporobolus cryptandra V.A.7.N.g. Medium-tall temperate or subpolar grassland with cold-deciduous shrubs Potentilla fruticosa/Danthonia intermedia Potentilla fruticosa/Festuca idahoensis Rhus glabra/Agropyron spicatum V.A.7.N.j. Short temperate or subpolar grassland with microphyllus evergreen shrubs Artemisia cana bolanderi/Muhlenbergia richardsonis V.A.8. Temperate or Subpolar Grassland with a Dwarf-shrub Layer V.A.8.N.a. Short temperate or subpolar alpine grassland with needle-leaved or microphyllus evergreen dwarf-shrubs Artemisia arbuscula arbuscula/Agropyron spicatum Artemisia arbuscula arbuscula/Elymus ambiguus salmonis § Artemisia arbuscula arbuscula/Festuca idahoensis Artemisia arbuscula arbuscula/Poa secunda Artemisia arbuscula thermopola/Festuca idahoensis Artemisia longiloba/Festuca idahoensis Artemisia nova/Elymus ambiguus salmonis § Artemisia nova/Festuca idahoensis Dryas octopetala ¶ Dryas octopetala-Polygonum viviparum ‡ Dryas octopetala/Carex rupestris ‡ Eriogonum douglasii/Poa secunda Eriogonum strictum/Poa secunda V.A.8.N.b. Seasonally flooded/saturated temperate or subpolar grassland with needle-leaved or microphyllus dwarf-shrubs Artemisia rigida/Poa secunda V.B. Perennial Forb Vegetation V.B.2. Temperate or Subpolar Forb Vegetation V.B.2.N.a. Tall temperate or subpolar forb vegetation Mertensia ciliata Phlox pulvinata/Poa epilis ¶ Xerophyllum tenax § V.B.2.N.b. Low temperate or subpolar forb vegetation Chrysopsis villosa ¶ Chrysopsis villosa/Sporobolos cryptandrus NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES OF IDAHO, PAGE 17

Geum rossii § Geum rossii/Arenaria obtusiloba ‡ Ivesia gordonii-Arenaria obtusiloba ¶ Ivesia gordonii-Eriogonum caespitosum ¶ Potentilla diversifolia-Arenaria obtusiloba § Potentilla ovina/Agropyron scribneri Saxifraga oppositifolia § V.B.2.N.c. Seasonally/temporarily flooded temperate forb vegetation Artemisia ludoviciana ¶ Caltha leptosepala Camassia cusickii Camassia quamash Lepidium davisii Vernal Pool Veratrum californicum V.B.2.N.e. Saturated temperate forb vegetation Equisetum fluviatile ‡ V.C. Hydromorphic Rooted Vegetation V.C.2. Temperate or Subpolar Hydromorphic Rooted Vegetation V.C.2.N.a. Non-tidal temperate or subpolar hydromorphic rooted vegetation Nuphar polysepalum ‡ Polygonum amphibium ‡

1. § Formal data collection and analysis have not contributed to the recognition of this plant community element.

2. ‡ Formal data collection contributing to the recognition of this plant community element occurred outside our area. The occurrence of the plant community element in our area is supported by observational data only.

3. ¶ Formal data collection contributing to the recognition of this plant community element occurred over a small area relative to the expected range of the element. The relevance of the classification work to the expected range has not been formally tested.