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Red Glass for the Pharaoh Thilo Rehren
. ARCHAEOLOGY INTERNATIONAL HildO<heim, Genn•ny) '' excmting '� Red glass for the Pharaoh industrial estate dating to the foundatio period of the new city, including the larg-� I Thilo Rehren est known bronze foundries of antiquity,1 Glass in ancient Egypt appears to have been used as a substitute military workshops supplying and main for precious stones that were not available in the country. Here taining the pharaoh's chariotry including the process of glass manufacture is traced through the examina stables for hundreds of horses, and the only known production site for glass in tion of the fr agmentaryremains of ceramic reaction vessels and Bronze Age Egypt and Mesopotamia. The crucibles used in the production of small glass ingots. excavations date back to the 1980s, but only in the past couple of years have we been able to identify the glassmaking evi n archaeological terms, glass is a these precious materials, and ancient Egypt dence, although much of it had been exca relatively young material that was is no exception to this rule. It was famous vated many years previously. Why this invented much later than pottery or for its riches in gold, but had no silver ores; delay? Because we didn't know how to rec Imetals; only from the beginning of it produced amethyst, carnelian and tur ognize glassmaking: there being no prece the Late Bronze Age onwards do we quoise, but not lapis lazuli, amber or ob dent or template to follow when looking have good evidence for its intentional and sidian. Should the country's rulers there for Bronze Age glassmaking, and the evi routine production. -
Gem-Quality Chrysoprase from Haneti-Itiso Area, Central Tanzania
GEM-QUALITY CHRYSOPRASE FROM HANETI-ITISO AREA, CENTRAL TANZANIA KARI A. KINNUNEN and ELIAS J. MALISA KINNUNEN, KARI A. and MALISA ELIAS J., 1990: Gem-quality Chrysoprase from Haneti-Itiso area, Central Tanzania. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland 62, Part 2, 157—166. Gem-quality, apple-green, Ni-bearing chalcedonic quartz occurs as near-surface veins in silicified serpentinite in the Haneti-Itiso area, Central Tanzania. AAS de- terminations revealed a high Ni content, 0.55 wt.%, and low Co and Cr contents of 120 and 1 ppm respectively. NAA determination revealed near chondritic REE contents. X-ray diffraction determinations showed that the Chrysoprase consists main- ly of alpha quartz with some opal-CT. The gemmological properties are: refractive indices from 1.548 to 1.553 (±0.002), mean specific gravity 2.56, hardness about 7 on Moh's scale, inert to ultraviolet radiation, green through Chelsea filter, and absorption in the deep red and violet part of the optical absorption spectrum. The results confirm the identity of the material as Chrysoprase. Microscopically the Tanzanian Chrysoprase consists of spherules which are high- ly disordered, concentric, and composed of bipyramidal quartz, chalcedony, quart- zine, and opal-A. They were classified into four main types according to the shell arrangement. The diameter of the spherules ranged from 40 um to 77 um. Fluid inclusion types in the bipyramidal quartz were monophasic, low-temperature type. The spherules, silica types and REE contents suggest that this Chrysoprase was deposited by evaporation of surface waters connected with the silicification of the serpentinites. Genetically analogous formations, common in Africa, include M-fabric type, weathering profile silcretes. -
Reflective Index Reference Chart
REFLECTIVE INDEX REFERENCE CHART FOR PRESIDIUM DUO TESTER (PDT) Reflective Index Refractive Reflective Index Refractive Reflective Index Refractive Gemstone on PDT/PRM Index Gemstone on PDT/PRM Index Gemstone on PDT/PRM Index Fluorite 16 - 18 1.434 - 1.434 Emerald 26 - 29 1.580 - 1.580 Corundum 34 - 43 1.762 - 1.770 Opal 17 - 19 1.450 - 1.450 Verdite 26 - 29 1.580 - 1.580 Idocrase 35 - 39 1.713 - 1.718 ? Glass 17 - 54 1.440 - 1.900 Brazilianite 27 - 32 1.602 - 1.621 Spinel 36 - 39 1.718 - 1.718 How does your Presidium tester Plastic 18 - 38 1.460 - 1.700 Rhodochrosite 27 - 48 1.597 - 1.817 TL Grossularite Garnet 36 - 40 1.720 - 1.720 Sodalite 19 - 21 1.483 - 1.483 Actinolite 28 - 33 1.614 - 1.642 Kyanite 36 - 41 1.716 - 1.731 work to get R.I. values? Lapis-lazuli 20 - 23 1.500 - 1.500 Nephrite 28 - 33 1.606 - 1.632 Rhodonite 37 - 41 1.730 - 1.740 Reflective indices developed by Presidium can Moldavite 20 - 23 1.500 - 1.500 Turquoise 28 - 34 1.610 - 1.650 TP Grossularite Garnet (Hessonite) 37 - 41 1.740 - 1.740 be matched in this table to the corresponding Obsidian 20 - 23 1.500 - 1.500 Topaz (Blue, White) 29 - 32 1.619 - 1.627 Chrysoberyl (Alexandrite) 38 - 42 1.746 - 1.755 common Refractive Index values to get the Calcite 20 - 35 1.486 - 1.658 Danburite 29 - 33 1.630 - 1.636 Pyrope Garnet 38 - 42 1.746 - 1.746 R.I value of the gemstone. -
Healing Gemstones for Everyday Use
GUIDE TO THE WORLD’S TOP 20 MOST EFFECTIVE HEALING GEMSTONES FOR EVERYDAY USE BY ISABELLE MORTON Guide to the World’s Top 20 Most Effective Healing Gemstones for Everyday Use Copyright © 2019 by Isabelle Morton Photography by Ryan Morton, Isabelle Morton Cover photo by Jeff Skeirik All rights reserved. Published by The Gemstone Therapy Institute P.O. Box 4065 Manchester, Connecticut 06045 U.S.A. www.GemstoneTherapyInstitute.org IMPORTANT NOTICE This book is designed to provide information for purposes of reference and guidance and to accompany, not replace, the services of a qualified health care practitioner or physician. It is not the intent of the author or publisher to prescribe any substance or method to cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent any disease. In the event that you use this information with or without seeking medical attention, the author and publisher shall not be liable or otherwise responsible for any loss, damage, or injury directly or indirectly caused by or arising out of the information contained herein. CONTENTS Gemstones for Physical Healing Light Green Aventurine 5 Dark Green Aventurine 11 Malachite 17 Tree Agate 23 Gemstones for Emotional Healing Rhodonite 30 Morganite 36 Pink Chalcedony 43 Rose Quartz 49 Gemstones for Healing Memory, Patterns, & Habits Opalite 56 Leopardskin Jasper 62 Golden Beryl 68 Rhodocrosite 74 Gemstones for Healing the Mental Body Sodalite 81 Blue Lace Agate 87 Lapis Lazuli 93 Lavender Quartz 99 Gemstones to Nourish Your Spirit Amethyst 106 Clear Quartz / Frosted Quartz 112 Mother of Pearl 118 Gemstones For Physical Healing LIGHT GREEN AVENTURINE DARK GREEN AVENTURINE MALACHITE TREE AGATE https://GemstoneTherapyInstitute.org LIGHT GREEN AVENTURINE 5 Copyright © 2019 Isabelle Morton. -
Winter 2009 Gems & Gemology
G EMS & G VOLUME XLV WINTER 2009 EMOLOGY W INTER 2009 P AGES 235–312 Ruby-Sapphire Review V Nanocut Plasma-Etched Diamonds OLUME Chrysoprase from Tanzania 45 N Demantoid from Italy O. 4 THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA EXPERTISE THAT SPREADS CONFIDENCE. Because Public Education AROUND THE WORLD AND AROUND THE CLOCK. Happens at the Counter. ISRAEL 5:00 PM GIA launches Retailer Support Kit and website Cutter checks parameters online with GIA Facetware® Cut Estimator. NEW YORK 10:00 AM GIA Master Color Comparison Diamonds confirm color quality of a fancy yellow. CARLSBAD 7:00 AM MUMBAI 7:30 PM Laboratory technicians calibrate Staff gemologist submits new findings on measurement devices before coated diamonds to GIA global database. the day’s production begins. HONG KONG 10:00 PM Wholesaler views grading results and requests additional services online at My Laboratory. JOHANNESBURG 5:00 PM Diamond graders inscribe a diamond and issue a GIA Diamond Dossier® A $97.00 value, shipping and handling extra. All across the planet, GIA labs and gemological reports are creating a common language for accurate, unbiased gemstone GIA’s Retailer Support Kit has been developed to help evaluation. From convenient locations in major gem centers, to frontline detection of emerging treatments and synthetics, to online services that include ordering, tracking, and report previews — GIA is pioneering the technology, tools and talent sales associates educate the public about diamonds, that not only ensure expert service, but also advance the public trust in gems and jewelry worldwide. the 4Cs, and thoroughly explain a GIA grading report. -
Guide to Healing Uses of Crystals & Minerals
Guide to Healing Uses of Crystals & Minerals Addiction- Iolite, amethyst, hematite, blue chalcedony, staurolite. Attraction – Lodestone, cinnabar, tangerine quartz, jasper, glass opal, silver topaz. Connection with Animals – Leopard skin Jasper, Dalmatian jasper, silver topaz, green tourmaline, stilbite, rainforest jasper. Calming – Aqua aura quartz, rose quartz, amazonite, blue lace agate, smokey quartz, snowflake obsidian, aqua blue obsidian, blue quartz, blizzard stone, blood stone, agate, amethyst, malachite, pink tourmaline, selenite, mangano calcite, aquamarine, blue kyanite, white howlite, magnesite, tiger eye, turquonite, tangerine quartz, jasper, bismuth, glass opal, blue onyx, larimar, charoite, leopard skin jasper, pink opal, lithium quartz, rutilated quartz, tiger iron. Career Success – Aqua aura quartz, ametrine, bloodstone, carnelian, chrysoprase, cinnabar, citrine, green aventurine, fuchsite, green tourmaline, glass opal, silver topaz, tiger iron. Communication – Apatite, aqua aura quartz, blizzard stone, blue calcite, blue kyanite, blue quartz, green quartz, larimar, moss agate, opalite, pink tourmaline, smokey quartz, silver topaz, septarian, rainforest jasper. www.celestialearthminerals.com Creativity – Ametrine, azurite, agatized coral, chiastolite, chrysocolla, black amethyst, carnelian, fluorite, green aventurine, fire agate, moonstone, celestite, black obsidian, sodalite, cat’s eye, larimar, rhodochrosite, magnesite, orange calcite, ruby, pink opal, blue chalcedony, abalone shell, silver topaz, green tourmaline, -
Fall 1993 Gems & Gemology
THEUUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE bEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA TABL OF CONTENTS 1993 Challenge Winners Letters FEATURE ARTICLE Jewels of the Edwardians Elise B. Misiorowski and Nancy 1Z. Hays A Prospectors' Guide Map to the Gem Deposits of Sri Lanka C. B. Dissanayuke and M.S. Rupasinghe Two Treated-Color Synthetic Red Diamonds Seen in the Trade Thomas M. Moses, llene Reinitz, Emmanuel Fritsch, and James E, Shigley Two Near-Colorless General Electric Type-IIa Synthetic Diamond Crystals James E. Shigley, Emmanuel Fritsch, and llene Reinitz REGULAR FEATURES Gem Trade Lab Notes Gem News Book Reviews Gemological Abstracts ABOUT THE COVER: I. Snowman's circa-1910 portrait of Her Royal Highness Queen Alexandra, consort of King Edward VII of England, shows the plethora of iew- elry worn by ladies from the royal and wealthy upper classes of Europe and America at the turn of the 20th century. Alexandra's neck is wrapped with a pearl choker and many pearl necl<laces:the longest sautoir is pinned up in a swag effect using a pearl- and-diamond brooch. The gauzy tullle that decorates her ddcolletage is held in place by pins and brooches of every size and type, including a diamond star burst, a cres- cent, and two ruby-and-diamond bow brooches on either side of her neckline. Note the gold snake bracelet adorning her left wrist. The lead article in this issue exam- ines the styles, materials, and motifs of the elegant jewels favored by the distinctive group known as the Edwardians, who reigned as the leaders of high fashion in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. -
Artist Jewellery Is Enjoying a Renaissance. Aimee Farrell Looks At
Artist jewellery Right: Catherine Deneuve wearing Man Ray’s Pendantif-Pendant earrings in a photo by the artist, 1968. Below: Georges Braque’s Circé, 1962 brooch Photo: Sotheby’s France/ArtDigital Studio © Man Ray Trust/ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2017; Braque jewellery courtesy Diane Venet; all other jewellery shown here © Louisa Guinness Gallery Frame the face Artist jewellery is enjoying a renaissance. Aimee Farrell looks at its most captivating – and collectible – creations, from May Ray’s mega earrings to Georges Braque’s brooches 16 Fashion has long been in thrall of artist jewellery. In the 1930s, couturier Elsa Schiaparelli commissioned her circle of artist friends including Jean Cocteau and Alberto Giacometti to create experimental jewels for her collections; art world fashion plate Peggy Guggenheim boasted of being the only woman to Clockwise from left: wear the “enormous mobile earrings” conceived Man Ray’s La Jolie, 1970 pendant with lapis; The by kinetic artist Alexander Calder; and Yves Saint Oculist, 1971 brooch Laurent, a generous patron of the French husband- in gold and malachite; and his photograph of and-wife artist duo “Les Lalannes” summoned Claude Nancy Cunard, 1926 © Man Ray Trust/ADAGP, Lalanne to conjure a series of bronze breast plates, Paris and DACS, London akin to armour, for his dramatic autumn/winter 2017; Telimage, 2017 1969 show. So when Maria Grazia Chiuri enlisted Lalanne, now in her nineties, to devise the sculptural copper Man Ray jewels for her botanical-themed Christian Dior A brooch portraying Lee Miller’s lips, rings complete with tiny Couture debut this year, she put artist jewellery firmly tunnels that offer an alternative perspective on the world and 24 carat gold sunglasses – it’s no surprise that the avant-garde back on the agenda. -
GEMSTONES by Donald W
GEMSTONES By Donald W. Olson Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Christine K. Pisut, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepared by Glenn J. Wallace, international data coordinator. Gemstones have fascinated humans since prehistoric times. sustaining economically viable deposits (U.S. International They have been valued as treasured objects throughout history Trade Commission, 1997, p. 23). by all societies in all parts of the world. The first stones known The total value of natural gemstones produced in the United to have been used for making jewelry include amber, amethyst, States during 2001 was estimated to be at least $15.1 million coral, diamond, emerald, garnet, jade, jasper, lapis lazuli, pearl, (table 3). The production value was 12% less than the rock crystal, ruby, serpentine, and turquoise. These stones preceding year. The production decrease was mostly because served as status symbols for the wealthy. Today, gems are not the 2001 shell harvest was 13% less than in 2000. worn to demonstrate wealth as much as they are for pleasure or The estimate of 2001 U.S. gemstone production was based on in appreciation of their beauty (Schumann, 1998, p. 8). In this a survey of more than 200 domestic gemstone producers report, the terms “gem” and “gemstone” mean any mineral or conducted by the USGS. The survey provided a foundation for organic material (such as amber, pearl, and petrified wood) projecting the scope and level of domestic gemstone production used for personal adornment, display, or object of art because it during the year. However, the USGS survey did not represent possesses beauty, durability, and rarity. -
Early Diamond Jewelry See Inside Cover
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Antonio Designs Fiorentino Jewelery
ANTONIO DESIGNS Handmade jewelry with semiprecious stones like turquoise, black onyx, tiger eyes, serpentine, lapis lazuli, opal and silver wire all wrapped around the stones. I also work with leather, glass, wood, bone and sids. When I lived in Cuzco, I was looking for a reason to live and help people with my smile and talent. The Indians took me to their site and teach me all about them and jewelry making. Every Sunday we would go down to the city to sell our crafts. It meant a lot to me that we did it for the community and the children. I do love to teach children and adults. I usually provide all the supplies and pliers and the person making the piece will have the option to buy it or I will keep to sell it. Each piece takes between 5 to 20 minutes or 2 hours. My prices range from $5 to $100 or $200. I also give souvenirs to everybody that buys from me or I can repair jewelry right at my booth. I’ve participated in thousands of shows all over the United States, Europe and Canada. I sharp my techniques at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York. Come and see me every Thursday at the Green Market @ FAU and I can tell you more about me and my jewelry! FIORENTINO JEWELERY My name is Robbie Fiorentino. Together with my husband, Buzz, a fun line of unique and trendy items was created. Our entire product line is handmade. My husband and I started a jewelry business a few years back which did quite well. -
Lapis Lazuli from San Bernardino County, California
LAPIS LAZULI FROM SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA AusrrN F. Rocons, StanJord (Jniversity,Californio. So far as known there is only one locality for lapis lazuli in the whole continent of North America. This locality is in San Bernardino County, California, on the north slope of the south fork of Cascade Canyon, which is a branch of San Antonio Canyon and distant about twelve miles from the city of Upland. This occurrencefirst becamegenerally known abott l9I2,r but it must have been discovered at a much earlier date. However, it is not men- tioned by Henry G. Hanks in his list of California minerals in the Fourth Annual Report of the California State Mining Bureau, Sacramento, 1884. And no mention of it is made in G. F. Kunz's Gemsanil Precious Stones of North America, New York, 1890. Mr. F. J. Sperisen of San Francisco has called my attention to a statement in a boolC by C. W. King which reads: "Although plentifully found [he is speaking of "sap- phirus" or lapis lazulil in China, and of late years in California, the product of both these countries is too full of pyrites and white veins to be available for the Glyptic art and is only good for calcination." This is the first mention of California lapis lazuli that I know of; it seems reasonably certain that the Cascade Canyon locality furnished the material. The lapis lazuli was at first mistaken for a silver ore by prospectors. When its true nature became known, a company was formed to exploit it under the name "Lapis Lazuli Mining Company." The mining does not seem to have been a successfulbusiness venture, but some of the lapis has been mined and cut from time to time.