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NUMBER 67 | APRIL 2018 AHN AFRICAN HERP NEWS NUMBER 67 | APRIL 2018 1 AHN FORWARD FOUNDED 1965 The HAA is dedicated to the study and con- COMMITTEE OF THE HAA servation of African reptiles and amphib- CHAIRPERSON LETTER FROM THE CHAIRPERSON ians. Membership is open to anyone with Krystal Tolley, South African National Biodi- an interest in the African herpetofauna. versity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Members receive the Association’s journal, Cape Town, South Africa. On behalf of the new HAA committee, I would like to thank the members for giving us the African Journal of Herpetology (which Email: [email protected] opportunity to promote and foster African herpetology for both the established and the publishes review papers, research articles, SECRETARY next generation of herpetologists. The new committee has met several times since its -for and short communications – subject to Buyi Makhubo, Department of Herpetology, mation as there were a number of outstanding issues, as well as new initiatives to discuss. peer review) and African Herp News, the National Museum, P. O. Box 266, Bloemfontein We would like to share these with the members. Firstly, our membership has decreased Newsletter (which includes short com- 9300, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] substantially over recent years. We now have less than 150 members. Most of the loss munications, natural history notes, book has been from overseas members, most likely due to the lack of a mechanism to make reviews, bibliographies, husbandry hints, payments to the society. We are looking into new methods, such as PayPal. While ease announcements and news items). TREASURER Jens Reissig, P.O.Box 62, Kelvin, Sandton 2054, of payment might boost our membership, the committee also discussed why one would South Africa want to be a member. What is the advantage and why should we value membership in the NEWSLETTER EDITOR’S NOTE Email: [email protected] Articles shall be considered for publication HAA? We tossed around some ideas such as access to the journal, receiving the newsletter and cheaper conference fees. But ultimately, the group agreed that we really are members provided that they are original and have JOURNAL EDITOR not been published elsewhere. Articles will Ché Weldon, Unit for Environmental Sciences and because it gives us a sense of belonging. We are a community, we have common ground, be submitted for peer review at the Edi- Management, North-West University, Potchefst- and we want to encourage others to participate so that herpetology in Africa grows. Thus, room 2522, South Africa. our goal for the next 2 years is to support scientific endeavors, to recognize excellence tor’s discretion. Authors are requested to Email: [email protected] submit manuscripts by e-mail in MS Word within our community and foster young researchers. Our first obvious step is to update the ‘.doc’ or ‘.docx’ format. NEWSLETTER EDITOR website and to step things up with social media on the FaceBook page. There will be fre- Jessica da Silva, South African National Biodi- quent postings regarding the journal content and other activities. The FaceBook page will COPYRIGHT: Articles published in versity Institute. Kirstenbosch Research Centre, also become a more active student forum, where students can post questions and we will the Newsletter are copyright of the Herpe- Cape Town, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] encourage our more seasoned members to engage with the students and provide advice. tological Association of Africa and may not This is just the beginning of our work and the committee will be meeting fairly regularly so be reproduced without permission of the WEBPAGE/SOCIAL MEDIA Editor. The views and opinions expressed Bryan Maritz, Department of Biodiversity and if members have comments or recommendations, please contact us at our new committee in articles are not necessarily those of the Conservation at the University of the Western email address: [email protected]. Cape. Editor. E-mail: [email protected] Committee of the haa STUDENT SUPPORT Hanlie Engelbrecht, School of Animal, Plant Krystal Tolley COVER PHOTOGRAPH: Python and Environmental Sciences, University of the HAA Chairperson natalensis Photograph by: Graham Witwatersrand, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] Alexander 2 NUMBER 67 | APRIL 2018 NUMBER 67 | APRIL 2018 3 6 EDITORIAL 34 M. PETFORD & R. VAN HUYSSTEEN. Hemirhagerrhis nototaenia (Günther, 1864). Hunting strategy. CORRECTIONS 7 CORRECTION TO ISSUE 66, PAGE 28 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONS 37 M. P. HEINICKE & A. M. BAUER. Goggia essexi (Hewitt, 1925) and SURVEYS Lygodactylus capensis (Smith, 1849). 8 B. HUGHS. THE SNAKES OF DODOMA 41 W. CONRADIE & T. BUSSCHAU. Macrelaps microlepidotus (Günther, 1860). ARTICLES 43 D. W. PIETERSEN, J. P. DAVIES & L. J. THOMPSON. Lygodactylus 12 R. C. BOYCOTT. EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON HATCHING SUCCESS chobiensis - FitzSimons, 1932. 45 D. W. PIETERSEN, J. P. DAVIES & L. J. THOMPSON. Chamaeleo NATURAL HISTORY NOTES anchietae - Bocage 1872 19 Psammophis crucifer M. F. BATES & D. BOSHOFF. (Daudin, 1803). 48 INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS Death-feigning. 20 Afrogecko prophyreus E. HESTER, A. SCHAEFER & A. M. BAUER. 51 HAA MEMBERSHIP FEES (Daudin, 1802). Reproduction. 21 S. KIRCHHOF, L. B. LOSOGO, C. S. GOOSH, K. SAITOTI & P. K. MALONZA. Latastia longicaudata (Reuss, 1934). Diet. 25 F. H.A. VAN LOON. Homopus signatus - Gmelin, 1789. Two-egg clutching. 26 R. VAN HUYSSTEEN & M. PETFORD. Lamprophis guttatus (A. Smith, 1844). Diet. 27 P. R. JORDAAN. Varanus albigularis albigularis - Daudin, 1802. Severe facial myiasis. 30 P. R. JORDAAN & X. COMBRINK. Crocodylus niloticus(Laurenti, 1802). Hunting behaviour. 32 P. CUNNINGHAM. Trachylepis occidentalis (Peters, 1867). Avian preda tion. 4 NUMBER 67 | APRIL 2018 NUMBER 67 | APRIL 2018 5 EDITORIAL CORRECTIONS In the previous issue, an error was printed in one of the abstracts (Issue 66, page 28, Inci- dence of fire-induced reptile mortality in savanna habitat), which we are rectifying here. The correct authorship and affiliation are as follows: With a new year, comes change and, with change, comes opportunity. INCIDENCE OF FIRE-INDUCED REPTILE This February, a new HAA committee was elected – a nine-person committee with four new portfolios. Together, we are working to strengthen the HAA and its membership. African MORTALITY IN SAVANNA HABITAT Herp News can and will be a key platform to do this by continuing to publish Herpetolog- PHILIP. R. JORDAAN1*, XANDER COMBRINK1, CHERYL OGILVIE1, ical Surveys, Natural History Notes, and Geographical Distributions as is demonstrated in CATHERINE C. HANEKOM2 & JOHAN C.A. STEYL3 this issue; and, starting next issue, publishing one or two popular articles showcasing your 1Tshwane University of Technology, Department Nature Conservation; 2Scientific Services, Ezemve- recently published work from national or international journals on African herpetology. lo KZN Wildlife; 3University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Paraclinical The aim is to encourage herpetologists (new and seasoned) to promote their work to a Sciences. broader audience and make everyone more aware of the kind and quality of scientific work Fire-prone habitats such as savanna, grassland, and fynbos harbour high reptile diversity. taking place within this field. Recently, the work of our previous chairperson, Prof. Graham Extralimital documentation of mortality rates from both directly observed mortalities as Alexander, on maternal care in pythons received much-deserved media attention, and this well as pre- and post-fire population estimates have shown that anthropogenically mod- issue’s cover photo is in honour of this work. It is up to each and every one of us to promote ified fire regimes may have dramatic effects on reptile communities. Post-fire mortality ourselves and African herpetology, and what better way than through African Herp News. surveys were conducted in sparse and open woodland on Tembe Elephant Park to evaluate As our new chairperson, Prof. Krystal Tolley, stated in her letter, “We are a community…” the influence of different functional species traits on fire-induced casualty. Species specif- and as part of this community, African Herp News is devoted to supporting the work you ic habitat preference, reproductive traits, diet, ability to move through the environment do. For those interested in more detailed information regarding submitting a popular- ar and daily activity was tabulated from literature sources. Two burns were set in mid-Au- ticle for this new section, please do not hesitate to contact me. I will also be revising the gust and a third in mid-October by reserve management to combat Terminalia sericea Instructions to Authors to assist in future submissions. and Dichrostachys cinerea bush thickening. Chelonian specimens were expected but not observed. All samples were composed of squamate taxa. Physical examinations included May we all help make 2018 a fabulous herping year. the post mortem histopathological analyses of samples, external inspection, snout-vent length, and maturity. The mid-October fire had significantly higher densities of mortality specimens than earlier burns. Species utilising fossorial environments made up the ma- jority of all three samples and specimens were associated with woody plant canopy cover Jessica da Silva and leaflitter. Specimens with SVL less than 100 mm were best represented. External burn Editor damage was uncommon on specimens but occasional oral bleeding was observed in larger individuals. Contrary to smoke inhalation as an expected cause of most mortalities, post mortem histopathology suggested that asphyxiation or non-irritant gas intoxication to be considered as important mechanisms resulting in death for some specimens collected after the mid-October fire. 6 NUMBER 67 | APRIL 2018 NUMBER 67 | APRIL 2018 7 ..>>>>>>>> SURVEYS.. Thanks to Jens Vindum having sent me many vincing and MCZ 30205 from Maji Malulu SURVEYS pictures of the specimen in the California (04° 52’ S, 35° 40’ E) is listed online. Academy of Sciences (CAS 174044, Fig. 1) it 7. Eryx colubrinus - Vats & Safari (2014: THE SNAKES OF DODOMA DODOMA SNAKE LIST, is clear that this is B.
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    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database

    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
  • Ancestral Reconstruction of Diet and Fang Condition in the Lamprophiidae: Implications for the Evolution of Venom Systems in Snakes

    Ancestral Reconstruction of Diet and Fang Condition in the Lamprophiidae: Implications for the Evolution of Venom Systems in Snakes

    Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 55, No. 1, 1–10, 2021 Copyright 2021 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Ancestral Reconstruction of Diet and Fang Condition in the Lamprophiidae: Implications for the Evolution of Venom Systems in Snakes 1,2 1 1 HIRAL NAIK, MIMMIE M. KGADITSE, AND GRAHAM J. ALEXANDER 1School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. PO Wits, 2050, Gauteng, South Africa ABSTRACT.—The Colubroidea includes all venomous and some nonvenomous snakes, many of which have extraordinary dental morphology and functional capabilities. It has been proposed that the ancestral condition of the Colubroidea is venomous with tubular fangs. The venom system includes the production of venomous secretions by labial glands in the mouth and usually includes fangs for effective delivery of venom. Despite significant research on the evolution of the venom system in snakes, limited research exists on the driving forces for different fang and dental morphology at a broader phylogenetic scale. We assessed the patterns of fang and dental condition in the Lamprophiidae, a speciose family of advanced snakes within the Colubroidea, and we related fang and dental condition to diet. The Lamprophiidae is the only snake family that includes front-fanged, rear-fanged, and fangless species. We produced an ancestral reconstruction for the family and investigated the pattern of diet and fangs within the clade. We concluded that the ancestral lamprophiid was most likely rear-fanged and that the shift in dental morphology was associated with changes in diet. This pattern indicates that fang loss, and probably venom loss, has occurred multiple times within the Lamprophiidae.