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Uso Potencial De Metabolitos Secundarios De Especies De La Familia Lauraceae En Colombia, Para La Elaboración De Productos Cosméticos

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Uso Potencial De Metabolitos Secundarios De Especies De La Familia Lauraceae En Colombia, Para La Elaboración De Productos Cosméticos USO POTENCIAL DE METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS DE ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA LAURACEAE EN COLOMBIA, PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS COSMÉTICOS. Sonia Teresa González Acosta Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Bogotá, Colombia 2019 USO POTENCIAL DE METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS DE ESPECIES DE LA FAMILIA LAURACEAE EN COLOMBIA, PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS COSMÉTICOS. Sonia Teresa González Acosta Trabajo final presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de: Magister en Ciencia Química Director: Doctor, Luis Enrique Cuca Suárez Línea de Investigación: Productos Naturales Vegetales Grupo de Investigación: Estudio Químico y de Actividad Biológica de Rutaceas y Myristicaceas Colombianas Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Bogotá, Colombia 2019 A mi familia por su colaboración y a mis dos grandes tesoros que fueron y serán la motivación de seguir soñando. Agradecimientos Primero a Dios, quien es la luz que nos regala la vida en la que se nos permite soñar. A mi familia, quienes siempre están allí para colaborar en lo que se necesite. A mi hija Mariana a quien le estoy en deuda por el tiempo que me regaló y especialmente a mi amor quien fue el artífice de este sueño y quien siempre creyó en mí. A mi director y profesor Luis Enrique Cuca a quien estoy infinitamente agradecida, por darme la oportunidad de participar en la línea de investigación de productos naturales vegetales, por su tiempo, paciencia y por permitirme culminar este proceso. Al profesor Oscar Patiño y a la profesora Mónica Ávila por guiar el inicio de este camino, a la profesora Nohora Vega, por motivarme a continuar. A todos los integrantes del grupo por sus aportes y a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia por brindarme en sus aulas una mirada distinta de nuestro entorno. Gracias. Resumen y Abstract IX Resumen La búsqueda de nuevos ingredientes de origen natural para la industria cosmética, es de importancia en la actualidad, debido a que el reino vegetal ha brindado infinitos beneficios que han sido aprovechados por el ser humano. Dentro de estas bondades ha estado la belleza, gracias a los aromas, colores e ingredientes activos de las plantas, que se han tomado como base o inspiración en el diseño de productos cosméticos. La familia Lauraceae es importante a nivel alimentario e industrial, se caracteriza por ser una de las más biodiversas en cuanto a metabolitos secundarios y en el país se encuentra distribuida con más de 256 especies. En este sentido y ante la demanda de compuestos de origen natural en la industria cosmética, los metabolitos secundarios obtenidos de las especies que componen esta familia podrían tener aplicación y ser utilizados el campo cosmético. El presente trabajo es una revisión sistemática descriptiva de literatura científica, que recopila la herboristería y diferentes metabolitos secundarios que han sido obtenidos de especies de la familia Lauraceae. Los resultados de la revisión permitieron clasificar los diferentes compuestos, extractos, fracciones y aceites esenciales, según su campo de acción, ya sea como posibles antioxidantes, antibacteriales, antiinflamatorios o con acción aclarante de la piel, teniendo en cuenta los ensayos de DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, β-caroteno- linoleato, ORAC, TPC, CMI, MBC, ZI, e inhibición para tirosinasa, DOPA, lipoxigenasa y ciclooxigenasa, reportados para estas especies. Encontrando la presencia de butirolactonas, compuestos fenólicos, ácidos grasos, terpenos y alcaloides, quienes exhiben principalmente propiedades que pueden ser aprovechadas en la industria cosmética. Palabras clave: Lauraceae, antibacterial, antiinflamatoria, antioxidante, control de pigmentación. X Uso Potencial De Metabolitos Secundarios De Especies De La Familia Lauraceae En Colombia, Para La Elaboración De Productos Cosméticos. Abstract The search for new ingredients of natural origin for the cosmetic industry, is the importance nowadays, because the plant kingdom has provided infinite benefits that have been taken advantage of by the human being. Within these benefits has been beauty, which thanks to the aromas, colors and active ingredients of plants, have been taken as a basis or inspiration in the design of cosmetic products. The Lauraceae family is important at the food and industrial level, it is characterized for being one of the most biodiverse in terms of secondary metabolites and in the country it is distributed with more than 256 species. Given the demand for compounds of natural origin in the cosmetic industry, the secondary metabolites obtained from the species that make up this family could have an application and be used in the cosmetic field. The present work is a descriptive systematic review of scientific literature, that compiles the herboristería and different secondary metabolites that have been obtained from species of the Lauraceae family. The results of the review allowed to classify the different compounds, extracts, fractions and essential oils, either as possible antioxidants, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory or lightening action of the skin, taking into account the tests of DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, β-carotene-linoleate, CARO, TPC, CMI, MBC, ZI and inhibition for tyrosinase, DOPA, lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, reported for these species. Finding the presence of butyrolactones, phenols compounds, fatty acids, terpenes and alkaloids, who exhibit mainly properties that can be used in the cosmetic industry. Keywords: Lauraceae, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pigmentation control. Contenido XI Contenido Pág. Resumen ........................................................................................................................ IX Contenido ...................................................................................................................... XI Lista de Figuras ........................................................................................................... XIII Lista de Tablas ............................................................................................................ XIV Lista de Símbolos y abreviaturas ................................................................................ XV Introducción .................................................................................................................... 1 1. Metodología ................................................................................................................. 5 1.1. Selección de publicaciones ............................................................................... 5 1.2. Análisis de la información ................................................................................. 8 2. Resultados y discusión............................................................................................. 10 2.1. Herboristería de la familia Lauraceae ................................................................ 11 2.1.1. Taxonomía .............................................................................................. 11 2.1.2. Morfología ............................................................................................... 13 2.1.3. Géneros presentes en Colombia ............................................................. 14 2.1.4. Etnobotánica ........................................................................................... 15 2.1.5. Ecología química ..................................................................................... 17 2.2. Fitoquímica ........................................................................................................ 18 2.2.1. Ácidos grasos .......................................................................................... 19 2.2.2. Aceites esenciales ................................................................................... 19 2.2.3. Lignanos y Neolignanos .......................................................................... 20 2.2.4. Flavonoides ............................................................................................. 21 2.2.5. Alcaloides ................................................................................................ 22 2.3. Cosméticos ....................................................................................................... 23 2.3.1. Ingredientes naturales para uso en cosméticos ....................................... 25 2.4. Especies de la familia Lauraceae con potencial cosmético. ............................... 26 2.4.1. Actividad antioxidante .............................................................................. 26 2.4.2. Actividad antibacterial .............................................................................. 36 2.4.3. Acción aclarante de la piel ....................................................................... 44 2.4.4. Actividad anti-inflamatoria ........................................................................ 46 2.4.5. Compuestos de interés ............................................................................ 50 3. Conclusiones y recomendaciones ........................................................................ 56 3.1. Conclusiones ..................................................................................................... 56 3.2. Recomendaciones ............................................................................................. 57 XII Uso Potencial De Metabolitos Secundarios De Especies De La Familia Lauraceae En Colombia, Para La Elaboración De Productos Cosméticos. Bibliografía
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