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Introduction to Pasture-Raised Poultry: Getting Started1
AN232 Introduction to Pasture-Raised Poultry: Getting Started1 B. Burbaugh, E. Toro, and A. Gernat2 Introduction allowed to free range in the pasture (Figure 1), most commonly seen in laying flocks or be confined to a There are several important points for small and portable house that is rotated throughout the pastures medium scale poultry producers to consider when (Figure 2). There are no parameters for stocking rates thinking about producing pasture-raised poultry as an on pastured poultry in the U.S. alternative to traditional production. This document provides information that will help identify the characteristics of alternative poultry production, explain the opportunities and challenges associated with pasture based production systems, provide an overview of breed selection for egg-type laying hens and meat-type birds, as well as discussing to the equipment and practices that facilitate getting birds off to a good start. Alternative Poultry Production Using the word alternative in this context is a misnomer. Many types of poultry have been raised on pasture for hundreds of years. Pastured poultry production is used to describe a variety of production systems in which birds have access to pasture on a regular basis. Production systems vary widely from stationary houses with permanent yards to portable houses that are moved frequently to a new pasture Figure 1. Free range laying flock. Photo by: Wanda (Fanatico, 2007). Additionally, birds may be Laughlin, UF/IFAS 1. This document is AN232, one of a series titled Introduction to Pasture-Raised Poultry of the Animal Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. -
Pastured Poultry Budgets: Slow-Growing Broiler and Organic Comparisons
Pastured Poultry Budgets: Slow-Growing Broiler and Organic Comparisons A Publication of ATTRA – National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service • 1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org By Betsy Conner Pastured poultry producers are becoming more interested in raising slow-growing meat chickens and NCAT Research using organic production practices. Slow-growing meat chickens are an appropriate choice for pastured Specialist systems, and transition to organic is an option since the birds have outdoor access. Pastured systems that © 2010 NCAT use slower-growing breeds and are certified organic are more expensive than the typical system raising fast-growing Cornish-Cross breeds under traditional practices, so it is important to analyze and compare the costs and potential profits in each approach. This publication offers comparison budgets for raising both fast-growing and slow-growing birds on pasture, under both organic and non-organic systems. Contents Introduction ......................1 Slow-growing birds ........1 Organic................................2 Budgets ...............................2 Budget Details ..................4 Large-scale Production .........................6 Slow-growing broilers on pasture. Photo by Katie Short. Introduction slow-growing organic broilers. The budgets give an idea of the differences in cost among Fast-growing Cornish- and White Rock- the systems. Cross broilers are the most popular birds among pastured poultry producers, but Americans are developing a taste for slower- Slow-growing birds growing meat chickens and organically A slow-growing meat bird is defined in raised poultry. Slower-growing birds are this budget as one that requires 12 weeks to reach live harvest weight of 6.5 pounds. ATTRA – National Sustainable better suited to pastured systems, and pas- Agriculture Information Service tured systems also easily make the transi- The fast-growing birds take only eight weeks (www.ncat.attra.org) is managed to reach the same weight. -
Producing Poultry on Pasture
A3908-01 Pfor smallult farmsry & backyards Producing poultry on pasture astured poultry is a system of raising Drawbacks of pastured poultry poultry for meat, eggs, or pleasure on • Susceptible to predators Pa pasture management system. This • Vulnerable to weather publication will focus mainly on chickens, • Pasturing is seasonal but the concepts are true for all types of poultry, such as ducks and turkeys. For • Requires daily labor, intensive labor if producers with limited resources or for home processing those who wish to raise poultry at home, • In general there are very few licensed the pastured poultry management system poultry slaughter facilities has both benefits and drawbacks. Adam A. Hady Benefits of pastured poultry • Low capital investment Pastured • A production system that can start poultry systems small and grow Cooperative Extension In any pasture poultry system, you will start • Can be a one-person operation your chicks out in a conventional brooding system and then move them out to one of • Potential for extra income three pasture systems when the brooding • Increased soil fertility period is over. • Strong consumer demand, with many consumers looking for an alternative Chicken tractor system to conventional broiler chicken The chicken tractor system of pastured poultry is the most common system used • A process that can involve kids for raising broilers. In this system, groups of birds about 3 to 5 weeks of age are taken out to movable growing pens on pasture. These usually floorless pens are moved Figure 1. The traditional once or twice a day, allowing the birds to chicken tractor with a group of have a regular supply of fresh vegetation commercial broilers (Figure 1). -
Range Poultry Housing
Range Poultry Housing LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION GUIDE By Robert Plamondon Edited by Anne Fanatico and Richard Earles NCAT Agriculture Specialists June 2003 Abstract: Experienced pastured-poultry producer Robert Plamondon (1) discusses housing designs for outdoor production. Introduction In this document, I will describe housing de- signs that give chickens access to green plants in yards or pastures, as opposed to confinement or Table of Contents bare-yard systems. There are a variety of housing Introduction ......................................... 1 styles commonly used for ranged chickens, each of which is associated with a particular management Background......................................... 2 style that I will also describe. Design Considerations for Range My wife, Karen, and I have been raising free- Operations .......................................... 2 range hens in Oregon since 1996 and pastured broil- ers since 1998. We have 700 hens and will raise over Daily-move Pens ................................. 3 1,500 broilers this year. We have tried many differ- Machine-Portable Housing .................. 8 ent techniques, and I hope this will allow me to speak clearly about the key points and trade-offs in Examples of Machine-Portable Housing each of the major range management styles. ....................................................... 12 I discuss a variety of housing types in this docu- ment. I’ve necessarily placed an emphasis on the Fixed Housing ................................... 14 ones I have used myself, since I have -
SMALL-SCALE POULTRY PROCESSING Table 1
SSMALLMALL-S-SCCALEALE PPOULOULTRTRYY PPROCESSINGROCESSING By Anne Fanatico NCAT Agriculture Specialist May 2003 Introduction A growing number of small producers are rais- ing poultry outdoors on pasture, processing the birds on-farm, and selling the meat directly to customers at the farm or at a farmers’ market. Many states allow up to 1,000 birds to be processed on a farm each year and sold directly to consumers with no inspection. Some of these small producers are go- ing further—building government-licensed process- ing plants to supply regional or niche markets. Spe- Photo by Paul Helbert cialty “religious kill” is often done in small plants. “Kosher” is the term for Jewish slaughter and “halaal” for Muslim slaughter. Access to processing is a critical issue for small producers. Consolidation in the meat process- ing industry has left very few small plants that will do custom poultry processing. (Large plants generally don’t process for small producers; they can’t keep track of a small batch of birds and can’t make money on small- volume orders.) This publication covers small-scale processing, both on- farm and in small plants. Relevant information on large-scale processing is also included for comparison, to provide con- text, and because small processors need to have some under- standing of how large-scale processing works. Related ATTRA publications ¶ Sustainable Poultry: Production Overview ¶ Growing Your Range Poultry Business: An Entrepreneur’s Toolbox This publication was developed by the National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) (http://www.ncat.org) for Heifer International (http://www.heifer.org) with funds from Southern Region SARE. -
Introduction to Pasture-Raised Poultry: Maximizing Foraging Behavior1
AN237 Introduction to Pasture-Raised Poultry: Maximizing Foraging Behavior1 Brad Burbaugh, Elena Toro, and Abel Gernat2 A defining characteristic of pasture-raised pouches attached to the lower end of the small poultry is access to pastureland that is rotationally intestine. These pouches are called "ceca" and contain grazed. This practice provides poultry with fresh microorganisms capable of some fiber digestion. pasture and small quantities of grass, insects, and This, in turn, releases small amounts of carbohydrates worms (Glatz et al. 2005; Miao, Glatz, and Ru 2004), that can be used by the birds (Duke 1986). Research which in turn can lead to enhanced quality of meat has shown that the ceca in foraging poultry are much and eggs. larger than that of poultry that do not forage (Fanatico 2007). Other avian species, such as geese and In a well-managed system, birds may eat enough turkeys, can obtain added nutrients from forage nutrients to replace 5%–10% of a grain-based diet. because they are better able to digest fiber due to the However, the percentage of diet substituted by these larger microbial population in their digestive tracts. sources may depend on several factors, like breed and When formulating diets for broilers and layers, it is age of the bird, environment, and the quality of the best to assume zero contribution to the birds' nutrient forage. This makes it difficult to know which requirements from pasture in order to ensure adequate nutrients will be supplied and in what amount nutrient intake from a well-balanced diet. (Fanatico 2007). Birds raised on pasture will still require a grain-based ration formulated for their With an elementary understanding of poultry growth stage. -
Pastured Poultry Presentation
Pastured Poultry Raising Chickens in a Grass-Based System Erin Campbell-Craven, Livestock Program Assistant Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture What is Pastured Poultry? Pastured poultry ≠ free range! • “free range” is a marketing term • “Producers must demonstrate to the Agency that the poultry has been allowed access to the outside.” – USDA Food Labeling fact sheet • Outside could be pavement, gravel, rocks, dirt… not necessarily pasture What is Pastured Poultry? Pastured poultry ≠ organic • Feed must be organic • No use of hormones or antibiotics • Environmental regulations • NO pasture regulations for poultry, only ruminants Pastured poultry are… • Raised on FRESH pasture for most of their lives • Given access to sunshine • Usually frequently rotated • Less crowded (enclosure space per bird 1-2ft²) • Fed either non-organic or organic feed – Pastured poultry NEED feed or planted grains supplementation to thrive and produce (diet is only about 10% grass) • Often slower-growing, heritage breeds Types of Pastured Poultry • Broiler systems • Layer systems Broiler systems • Raise from chick to slaughter in 8-12 weeks • Usually kept in confined chicken tractors • Moved often • Often processed on site • OK allows home-processing without licensing UP TO 1000 birds/year – only allows sales to household consumers – must process at USDA-certified plant to sell across state lines, contract with stores, restaurants • Darp Processing Plant – Tahlequah, OK Layer systems • More often free-range or surrounded by electric fence & locked up at night • Need more space – Higher frequency of cannibalism/pecking in layers – Will be in production for years, not weeks • Egg-mobiles • Easiest to sell directly on-farm to consumers – OK laws governing egg sales are stricter than federal laws! Why Pastured Poultry? • Waste control • Fewer health problems – Heat stress – Cannibalism/pecking issues • Pasture improvement through use of manure • Health benefits/Tastiness of eggs & meat Pastured eggs have… • Thicker albumen (egg white) • Darker orange yolk Pastured Eggs vs. -
American Pastured Poultry Producers Association Innovation and Hard
Issue 53 APPPA GRIT! Fall 2009 American Pastured Poultry Producers Association Innovation and Hard Work Brings Success: Tom Delehanty By Jody Padgham It is fun to talk to Tom Wholesalers from all over the Delehanty, organic pastured southwest were clamoring poultry producer from So- for the high quality organic corro, New Mexico, about birds, which were sold in what he is thinking and major grocery chains and doing in life. He is excited natural food stores. Tom was about raising high quality challenged to develop sys- organic food for folks in his tems to manage the turn region, but also loves to around of 800-900 chickens share what he has learned per week, year round. with others. And, as a sixth- generation farmer raising However, as more of the “big poultry for over 50 years guys” got into organic poul- and in his 22nd year of rais- Tom and friends. Photo courtesy NewFarm.org try production, wholesale ing and developing a pas- prices began to drop and tured poultry model, he has learned a LOT. A man of Tom’s profit margin shrank. Organic chicken was much energy and dynamic thinking, he has concentrated wholesaling at $2.50 per pound, but selling to custom- on figuring out how to do the best job of raising poultry ers for over $4.50 per pound. “We couldn’t make it as possible and was recently willing to share some of his work at $2.50,” Tom says, “But it works well when we thoughts with us. sell direct to the customer and get the whole $4.50 price ourselves.” In the past five years Tom and family Tom farms with his wife Tracey and two children on 34 have pulled back production to about half of what it irrigated acres in the Rio Grande Valley. -
GSC Films: S-Z
GSC Films: S-Z Saboteur 1942 Alfred Hitchcock 3.0 Robert Cummings, Patricia Lane as not so charismatic love interest, Otto Kruger as rather dull villain (although something of prefigure of James Mason’s very suave villain in ‘NNW’), Norman Lloyd who makes impression as rather melancholy saboteur, especially when he is hanging by his sleeve in Statue of Liberty sequence. One of lesser Hitchcock products, done on loan out from Selznick for Universal. Suffers from lackluster cast (Cummings does not have acting weight to make us care for his character or to make us believe that he is going to all that trouble to find the real saboteur), and an often inconsistent story line that provides opportunity for interesting set pieces – the circus freaks, the high society fund-raising dance; and of course the final famous Statue of Liberty sequence (vertigo impression with the two characters perched high on the finger of the statue, the suspense generated by the slow tearing of the sleeve seam, and the scary fall when the sleeve tears off – Lloyd rotating slowly and screaming as he recedes from Cummings’ view). Many scenes are obviously done on the cheap – anything with the trucks, the home of Kruger, riding a taxi through New York. Some of the scenes are very flat – the kindly blind hermit (riff on the hermit in ‘Frankenstein?’), Kruger’s affection for his grandchild around the swimming pool in his Highway 395 ranch home, the meeting with the bad guys in the Soda City scene next to Hoover Dam. The encounter with the circus freaks (Siamese twins who don’t get along, the bearded lady whose beard is in curlers, the militaristic midget who wants to turn the couple in, etc.) is amusing and piquant (perhaps the scene was written by Dorothy Parker?), but it doesn’t seem to relate to anything. -
Raising Pastured Poultry in Texas
Raising Pastured Poultry in Texas Kevin Ellis NCAT Poultry Specialist About Me • NCAT Poultry Specialist • San Antonio, TX • Raising Poultry for 17 years • IOIA Accredited Organic Livestock Inspector • B.S. Poultry Science-Texas A&M University • Research • Judging • Extension 2 About ATTRA • The National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service • Free technical assistance for farmers and ranchers – 1-800-346-9140 – ATTRA.NCAT.org 3 Why Pastured Poultry? • Start-up costs • Time Frame • Demand • Diversification • Enhanced Animal Welfare • Fertilization benefits 4 Getting Started • Choose an enterprise • Choose a breed • Brooding • Build Shelter • Feeding • Processing • Marketing 5 Laying Hens • Want: light body breed that will do well in heat. • Rhode Island Reds, Gold Sex Link, Hy-Line Brown – Brown eggs – Good on pasture – Good production • Leghorn, California White – White eggs – Best egg layer – Can be very flighty, other behavioral problems 6 Meat Chickens • Cornish/Plymouth Rock Cross – Industry Standard – Rapid, consistent weight gain – Not very good foragers – Health problems • “Freedom Rangers” – Smaller carcass • Different body – Slower growth • 6-8 Weeks to grow out – Up to 10 for heritage breeds 7 Turkeys • Longer grow out than broilers – 18-22 weeks • Seasonal – 1 cycle per year • Very good foragers – Surprisingly tough on pasture • Very good potential profit • Heritage breeds – Taste differences 8 Picking a Hatchery • Order chicks in advance to ensure that the hatchery has the breed you want in stock. • Make sure that they are NPIP approved • Inquire about vaccinations • For laying hens, order day-old chicks rather than pullets. 9 Brooding • Poultry often arrive as day old chicks. • Need a controlled, warm environment to begin development. -
Growing Your Range Poultry Business: an Entrepreneur's Toolbox
Growing Your Range Poultry Business: An Entrepreneur’s Toolbox Written for Heifer International by Anne Fanatico, National Center for Appropriate Technology and David Redhage, Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture. With contributions by Nancy Grudens Schuck, Wayne Knoblauch, Judy Joanna Green, and Mary Saylor. October 2002 Table of Contents FOREWORD AND Foreword ....................................................... 1 Using the Toolbox .........................................2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Introduction ................................................... 3 Feasibility. ..................................................... 6 This Toolbox was produced by the National Personal & Family Considerations Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) and Choosing an Enterprise..................... 6 and the Kerr Center for Sustainable Marketing: Will it Sell? ................................. 8 Agriculture as part of a Heifer International Production: Can it Be Done? ..................... 13 Profitability: Will it Make Money?............... 22 project to enhance the opportunities to Financial Reality: Can You Afford expand range poultry businesses. to Do It? ..................................................26 Developing a Business Plan From the The three-year project also examined the use Feasibility Study .......................................26 of mobile processing units (MPUs) for Record Keeping .......................................... 28 poultry. MPUs are an infrastructure Assistance and Resources ......................... 28 Working -
UCLA FESTIVAL of PRESERVATION MARCH 3 to MARCH 27, 2011
UCLA FESTIVAL of PRESERVATION MARCH 3 to MARCH 27, 2011 i UCLA FESTIVAL of PRESERVATION MARCH 3 to MARCH 27, 2011 FESTIVAL SPONSOR Additional programming support provided, in part, by The Hollywood Foreign Press Association ii 1 FROM THE DIRECTOR As director of UCLA Film & Television Archive, it is my great pleasure to Mysel has completed several projects, including Cry Danger (1951), a introduce the 2011 UCLA Festival of Preservation. As in past years, we have recently rediscovered little gem of a noir, starring Dick Powell as an unjustly worked to put together a program that reflects the broad and deep efforts convicted ex-con trying to clear his name, opposite femme fatale Rhonda of UCLA Film & Television Archive to preserve and restore our national mov- Fleming, and featuring some great Bunker Hill locations long lost to the Los ing image heritage. Angeles wrecking ball. An even darker film noir, Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye (1950), stars James Cagney as a violent gangster (in fact, his last great This year’s UCLA Festival of Preservation again presents a wonderful cross- gangster role) whose id is more monstrous than almost anything since Little section of American film history and genres, silent masterpieces, fictional Caesar. Add crooked cops and a world in which no one can be trusted, and shorts, full-length documentaries and television works. Our Festival opens you have a perfect film noir tale. with Robert Altman’s Come Back to the 5 & Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean (1982). This restoration is the first fruit of a new project to preserve Our newsreel preservationist, Jeff Bickel, presents his restoration of John and restore the artistic legacy of Mr.