Forestry and Wildland Resources Annual Newsletter (2020)

Introduction I apologize for not producing a newsletter in August like normal . . . but it has not been a normal year! On March 11 as the NBA suspended its season, HSU was already switching to completely online classes. Students scrambled to figure out where they would live, while faculty scrambled to learn how to use zoom and work at home. Wherever they ended up, everybody had to carve out quiet spaces with an adequate internet connection. Field trips were canceled; inter-university competitions and our Awards Banquet were all canceled. It was as difficult an experience as one would expect from such a massive, unplanned dislocation. But you had to be proud of how everyone, both students and faculty, stepped up to make these transitions, without much complaining, showing remarkable grit and resilience, pushing through all of it to get their work done —as you would have when you were a student here. But this is not surprising: range and forestry attract realists. As we geared up for an online fall semester we wondered how many students would return. To our pleasant surprise, transfers, perhaps because they can see they already have a sunk cost, returned to HSU in the same numbers as always. However, freshmen enrollment (not just here; this was nation- wide) dropped by a quarter. But this is likely simply a delay of studies, and we expect enrollment to rebound. Because we are a rural location, we remain a place with (relatively) very little incidence of the virus. Thus, in the fall of 2020, we were permitted to run face-to-face field trips into the adjacent Community Forest. (Packing students in vans or buses, for trips further afield, was forbidden.) The students were very happy to have these excursions. This spring semester will be more of the same, although one good piece of news is that HSU has not seen a big enrollment decline in January compared to last September. It is assumed that, by next fall, the vaccines will have made a sufficient impact that we can return to face-to-face instruction (perhaps with masks). Prior to March, our inter-collegiate teams were busy. The range Plant ID Team traveled to Denver for the Annual Society of Range Management meeting. There they placed eight in the international competition. As for the Soil Judging team, on November 2, 2019, they hosted the Annual Region 6 Competition (along with Cal Poly SLO, CSU Fresno, CSU Chico, and New Mexico State). They placed second in each of two different types of competition. HSU hosted this regional contest on November 2, 2019. Earlier, at the National Collegiate contest in the Spring of 2019, HSU placed 19th, but was best in the west. A more academic kind of competition occurs at the Fundamental of Soils Exam. Note how well FWR students have acquitted themselves over the last few years.

The faculty continued to earn grants, take on graduate and undergraduate students for research projects, and publish like mad. In the year 2020 (check out the list at the back of the newsletter), the tenure-track faculty alone published 30. This was our most productive year so far (3.0 refereed publications per faculty member), and it included papers in the top-rated science journals such as Nature (twice!) and PNAS.

An unexpected development Here is some potentially wonderful news from this annus horribilis, announced last month. The President of HSU and the Chancellor of the State University system have come to an agreement whereby HSU is invited to submit a proposal to officially become a Polytechnic, joining Pomona and San Luis Obispo. It is likely this will lead to a reorganization of the three colleges here, but in what way is not at all clear yet (steering committees for the proposal have yet to be formed). The one thing that must happen however if the proposal will be acceptable is some transfer of resources towards the science college from the other two. In particular, the engineering program must broaden. Speculative ideas for new programs in an expanded science college include Cannabis Studies (in Chemistry perhaps), Data Science, a much more expansive fire program. . . If any alumni have ideas for reorganization or for new programs, send them to David Greene or the FWR email address, and he will pass them on to the proper steering committee once it has been formed. Perhaps more important, the cachet of a Polytechnic to a prospective undergraduate is expected to increase enrollments at HSU. As I have talked about in a previous newsletter, most rural universities have seen over the last few years sharper declines in applications than have urban institutions. While forestry is in good shape, many other programs here have become quite small, and thus costly. It is hoped that Polytechnic branding will reverse this trend. (In a way, it is surprising HSU was never included as a third campus. If we do not count engineering, we have by far the largest fraction of a campus budget devoted to science in the entire CSU system. Include engineering, and we are third, not far behind the other two, out of 23.) The aim is to attain Polytechnic status by 2023.

Arrivals and departures. As mentioned, George Pease retired, and he has been sorely missed. When the SAF accreditation team came here in 2014, they said our stockroom was the most efficient operation in the country. Harold Zald, our remote sensing expert and forest ecologist, moved to a job with the Forest Service in Corvallis as a researcher. Luckily, we have Aaron Hohl to ably take over as our measurements instructor, but nonetheless Harold will also be missed. We are happy to have Christa Dagley and Pascal Berrill returning from a year-long sojourn in the forestry department at the University of Maine. They are again teaching our management and silviculture offerings. Joe Seney, who taught our wetland soils class for several years (and also Watershed Management and the general education course on California forests), has retired both from the National Park Service and from his instructional role with us. As his evaluations attest, he was a fine professor, well regarded by students. Last year, Gillian Black, a professional adviser who has been working over in Wildlife and Fisheries, expanded her role to include our sophomores and newly arriving freshmen. Given her skill, we do not doubt she will greatly raise the level of student success. Erin Kelly is taking over as Chair for the Spring of 2021 while David Greene is on sabbatical, working on a book about the regeneration of trees.

Jacoby Creek Given that our new property at nearby Jacoby Creek lies on ancestral Wiyot land, the President of HSU offered the Wiyot the opportunity to co-manage the land along with us, an offer they accepted. Active use of the property has however been delayed pending completion of the archeological survey. The pandemic has greatly slowed that work by the archeologists in the Anthropology Department.

Tribal forestry program. In September we launched our sixth concentration: tribal forestry. We are attempting to fill a need expressed by Native American leaders as well as by Bureau of Indian Affairs personnel: tribes have an exceedingly hard time finding natural resource managers who (1) will stay, and (2) understand the broad array of non-timber products that these communities seek to extract from their forests in addition to more conventional commodities. Students in this new concentration will receive the forestry courses they need to graduate from an accredited program as well as a large number of classes over in the Native American Studies department. We hope that this program will serve as a magnet for Native American science students and non-Native students alike. There is only one other 4-year program like this in the country—at Salish-Kootenay in western Montana—but it graduates only a few students per year and they tend to stay in the region. Below I offer profiles of an undergraduate, a graduate student, and a faculty member. Covid has our minds on other issues at present, but let us not forget that 2020 was an extraordinary year for burning in California, and so all three profiles will be associated with our fire program. David Greene, Chair, FWR

Focus on an undergraduate student: Wiyaka Privete.

Wiyaka is a first-generation college student, and a Native American from the Karuk tribe on the Klamath River. Her desire to be a forester began, she says, when she was young, and no matter where they lived, there was always a forest as a backyard to explore. Currently a junior with a concentration in wildland fire, she began her career at HSU in 2016 after her youngest daughter started kindergarten. “I am thankful my passion fell in line with one of the country’s best Forestry programs.”

In summer 2018, she completed an internship with the Rroulou'sik program. This is a program offers research experience for Native American undergraduate students from across the United States. During her 10-week internship she worked with Dr. Frank Lake, a fire researcher with the Six Rivers National Forest. Under his mentorship, she “created an in-depth project that looked at the effect of wildfire on plants that were culturally significant to the Karuk People.” She then shared her research in 2019 at the Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) conference in Hawaii.

“After attaining my degree, I will work towards restoring historical forest management practices using an array of strategies, including prescribed fire. This not only reduces fuel loads that keep communities safe but also enhances the landscape for cultural and community use. I feel that it’s vital to integrate Traditional Ecological Knowledge practices with modern forest management.”

Focus on a graduate student: Madeleine Lopez. Madeleine Lopez grew up in Sacramento, and with each passing year found herself more fascinated by nature, less interested in concrete, and was constantly asking her parents to take her hiking or camping. HSU, with its emphasis on natural resource management, seemed like an obvious next step after high school. She graduated as a Biologist (minor in Botany), class of 2019. “My curiosity about research led to my involvement in two research lab projects, one in Botany (studying a fossil plant from the Devonian Period) and the second one with Dr. Jeff Kane in the Fire Lab.” Hooked, she decided to apply for graduate school with Jeff. “I hope to play a role in creating a more sustainable future that better integrates humans with nature. Especially, I am passionate about preserving the integrity of the rare native plant populations of California as the fire regime makes their persistence more uncertain.”

Her ambitious Masters research has a number of separate parts. One chapter will be on the role fire plays in germination of the Lassics lupine (Lupinus constancei), a seriously endangered California native plant (CNPS rank: 1B.1). This research aims to preserve the small lupine population of 400 reproductively mature individuals. “If fire-related cues aid in germination then prescribed fire could be considered in the future to increase germination rates and expand this fragile population.” A second chapter focuses on the relationship between the timing of fire and the timing of seed development in conifers. Madeleine has hypothesized that seeds will survive inside the cones if the fire occurs in the late summer, after seed maturation is completed, but before scales flex open and seeds begin dispersing. In short, she thinks post-fire natural regeneration ought to be much better after an August fire than a June fire. She has been collecting green cones of five tree species for two straight summers, testing developing embryos for viability, to understand the progression of maturity through the last half of the summer.

Her final, related, chapter will focus on the threshold combinations of temperature and duration for the flaming front that will kill seeds of the same five species as the second chapter. “It has become clear that a more severe fire kills a larger fraction of mature seeds within cones than does a more mild fire. So I ask: What is the temperature at which death within the cone occurs?” Expecting to graduate this summer with an M.S., she sums up her experiences over the last half- decade: “I have loved being a student here at HSU. I was able to gain hands-on experience and get a real taste of high-level research first as an undergraduate and now a graduate student. In addition, I was able to work alongside professors that are highly respected in their field. I am beyond grateful for the opportunities I found at Humboldt State.”

Focus on a faculty member: Dr. Jeff Kane. Dr. Jeff Kane, who teaches Introduction to Fire, Fire Behavior and Use, and Wildland Fuels Management, is in his ninth year here at HSU. He advises most of the students that have selected the Wildland Fire Management concentration. This concentration continues to be the most popular in our department; last year a record 19 fire students graduated. Over 100 students in the fire concentration have graduated in the past ten years, the great majority of whom have found employment in their chosen field. Jeff is continuingly looking for ways to improve the concentration and its courses. Recently, he added a new course requirement called Wildland Fire Internship. This course is designed to provide students experience and exposure to the fire profession while also providing additional job and career advice. Students gaining experience over the summer can use this for course requirements. For students not hired over the summer, he works with local partners to provide these opportunities. For example, he currently has agreements with the Six Rivers National Forest and Bureau of Land Management (Arcata Field Office) who will soon begin providing opportunities for our students. Any alumni in the area looking to provide students with fire and fuels management- related internship opportunities are encouraged to reach out to Jeff. Additionally, the Fire Behavior and Use course has been restructured so that the major term project is focused on collecting fuels data, conducting fire modeling, and developing a prescribed burn plan of proposed prescribed burn sites. These sites are slated to burn as part of the Western Klamath Restoration Partnership often in conjunction with the Klamath River Prescribed Fire Training Exchange (TREX). This work isconducted in collaboration with the Mid-Klamath Watershed Council, Forest Service, and The Nature Conservancy. The course project work conducted by students is then shared with our partners via a poster session at the end of the semester. The acquired information is retained in a database that will facilitate future monitoring efforts. Over the coming years, Jeff will begin pursuing opportunities to develop an interdisciplinary Wildland Fire Management BS degree program here at Humboldt. Ideally, this degree option would expand the fire course options within the Forestry department but also across the other departments and colleges. Some possible areas of expertise include landscape forest and fire modeling, computational fluid dynamics modeling, fire history and policy, and advanced wildland fire use. As the director of the HSU Wildland Fire Lab, Jeff is an accomplished researcher (check out the list of departmental publications at the end of the newsletter for a sense of his remarkable productivity) who examines a wide range of topics aimed at improving our understanding of fire-prone ecosystems across many scales and regions. He uses the Lab’s indoor burning facility (very few universities have this) to conduct research into the ecological and management implications of litter flammability. Most recently, he and other collaborators conducted research into the flammability of the nearly extinct American chestnut and the potential fire implications following its loss. He also recently co-authored a paper developing a fire resistance index of western U.S. conifer forests based on litter flammability and other fire-adaptive traits. Another major focus of his research examines the effectiveness and impacts of fuels and forest management treatments. A recently published paper in collaboration with Forest Service researchers, reports the benefit of variable density thinning combined with prescribed fire to reduce drought and bark beetle-related tree mortality in a mixed-conifer forest of the central Sierra Nevada. Another recent paper investigated the long-term effectiveness of commonly-used fuel treatments (mastication, hand-thinning, and prescribed burning) in chaparral stands of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, a site that fortuitously burned after sampling prior to the 2018 Carr Fire. Post-fire follow-up research is on-going, which will provide a true test of the long-term efficacy of fuel treatments. In collaboration with Dr. Kevin Fingerman and the Schatz Energy Research Center, Jeff modeled statewide smoke emission estimates for a wide range of forest management and fuel treatment scenarios, including biomass recovery for energy production and prescribed burning. This work will provide a full carbon accounting for biomass recovery operations relative to alternative options to better assess the short and long-term carbon consequences of these actions.

Jeff at work

Beyond the research conducted in the Wildland Fire Lab, Humboldt State University has many faculty currently engaged in fire research. In an effort to better highlight and expand this work, Jeff and others are working toward forming a Wildland Fire Institute here at Humboldt State University over the next year. This Institute will focus on providing research and other information to better aid management and policy decisions related to wildfire-related challenges in northern California.

A student accomplishment of note: Daniel Jones. Daniel Jones, a Class of 2020 graduate, with a concentration in operations, is a great example of the kind of student who comes here. He won 1st place in the student web map/app contest at the California Geographic Information Systems (CalGIS) 2020, conference in Long Beach, California, on February 9-11th for an innovative approach he developed.

Daniel’s web map/app “ArcCollector Spillway Inspection Workflow for the Humboldt Bay Municipal Water District” has been deployed for the use of the District since 2019. The use of this workflow has reduced the post-processing time of inspection/repair cataloging and reporting from 1 to 2 days down to an hour. The second iteration of his project is expected to bring inspection times down from approximately 2 minutes to about 2 – 30 seconds. The workflow uses custom python and VBA scripting for ESRI desktop applications and cloud services and MS Access for cataloging and reporting.

Logging sports update. Despite a competitive season prematurely ended in March by the advent of the pandemic, the logging sports team was quite busy this last year. Led by their professor, Connor Goldstein (Class of 2014; presently an employee of Green Diamond), the team participated in several conclaves. In the Fall of 2019, they were a close second place (2 points!) at the Cal Conclave, against Cal Poly and Berkeley. Then at the Bearclave, hosted by UC, we won first place. The team also hosted the local competition, Logtoberfest, at Humboldt Redwood’s Freshwater Field. Spring of 2020 saw the team take second place at the Sierra Cascade Logging Conference in Redding in February. But we were first in donations in the Alumni Challenge fundraiser (organized by Greg Kostick, Ricky Shurtz and the Alumni Association), generating $8500. The team thanks all who contributed. Soon after Redding, the Redwood Regional Logging Conference event and the AWFC event were canceled. In the fall of 2020, practices continued at Freshwater Field, but of course there were no competitions. One of Connor’s funding goals has been to collect money for a large endowment, and then use the interest (presumed 4%) to help fund activities and equipment renewal. Thus far he has collected $25,000. This will yield $1000/year, and Connor and the team have announce that half of that will go each year to team activities but the other $500 will be an annual scholarship for an HSU student. Spring 2021 will be more of the same. Looking forward, the team will keep practicing, and it remains something that helps bond the students together at a time when they have little of that. Thanks to Connor and the generosity of our alumni the team will be in good shape financially when a regular competitive season opens (we hope) in Fall 2021.

Scholarship Awards 2019-2020

Name Major Scholarship Cole Nichols Forestry (Restoration) Allan E. Nilson Memorial Kawainohiaakalani Navares Forestry (Soils) Allan E. Nilson Memorial Marie Young Forestry (Soils) Allan E. Nilson Memorial Dillon Martin Forestry (Restoration) Allan E. Nilson Memorial Madeleine Lopez Grad student Dillard Bailey - Graduate Ariel Weisgrau Grad student Dillard Bailey - Graduate Wallis Robinson Grad student Dillard Bailey - Graduate Joshua Miller Forestry (Restoration) Dillard Bailey - Under Grad Ashton McComas Forestry (Hydrology) Dillard Bailey - Under Grad Christopher Villarruel Forestry (Hydrology) Dillard Bailey - Under Grad Wiyaka Previte Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) Don C. Banghart Gannon Moore Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) Edwin & Joan Pierson Judson Fisher Forestry (Restoration) Forestry Pathfinders Ryann Howard Forestry (Restoration) Gayleen Smith Evan Marquez Forestry (Soils) Gayleen Smith Karolyn Fagundes Forestry (Soils) Helen Barnum Douglas Franz Forestry (Hydrology) Helen Barnum Abie Ladd Forestry (Restoration) Helen Barnum Sophia Avalos Forestry (Soils) HSU Forestry Alumni Garrett Winkler Forestry (Restoration) HSU Forestry Alumni Wren Williams Forestry (Restoration) HSU Forestry Alumni Stevie Friend Forestry (Restoration) HSU Forestry Alumni Bryce McCurry Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) HSU Forestry Alumni Matthew Lotakoon Forestry (Hydrology) Jerry Partain Cameron Miller Forestry (Forest Operations) Jerry Partain Giovanni Valdivia Forestry (Conservation) Louis H Wayers Dan Sims Forestry Louis H Wayers Sean Garcia Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) Louis H Wayers Jesse Butler Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) Louis H Wayers Samuel Ericksen Forestry (Hydrology) Louis H Wayers Jesus Carranza-Avila Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) Louis H Wayers Matthew Lotakoon Forestry (Hydrology) Louis H Wayers Jeremy Goossens Range Res Sci (Wildland Soils) Mark B Rhea Soils Louise Martin Rangeland Resource Science Mark B Rhea Soils Hanna Upton Forestry (Soils) Robert Cary Christopher Hale Forestry (Soils) Robert Cary Renny Winter Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) Schmidbauer Family Foundation Renny Winter Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) Ron Hoover-HAF Hanna Upton Forestry (Soils) Charles G & Helen W. -HAF Quinn Collison Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) Charles G & Helen W. -HAF Pierre Balda Schuiling Forestry (Restoration) Charles G & Helen W. -HAF Renny Winter Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) Charles G & Helen W. -HAF Christopher Villarruel Forestry (Hydrology) Charles G & Helen W. -HAF Renny Winter Forestry (Wildland Fire Mgmt) James T. Brown-HAF Christopher Villarruel Forestry (Hydrology) James T. Brown-HAF

William Weinberg Forestry (Restoration) Academic Excellence Daniel Jones Forestry (Forest Operations) Professional Promise Award Outstanding Rangeland Michael Mees Rangeland Resource Science Resource Student Associate Professor - Forest Policy & Outstanding Faculty Award Erin Kelly Administration (voted on by students)

Refereed publications

Batllori, E. et al. [>20 authors including Kane, J.] 2020. A global assessment of forest replacement patterns following drought-induced mortality events. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117:29720-29729. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002314117.

Berrill, J-P.; Boston, K. 2019. Conifer retention and hardwood management affect interplay between harvest volume and carbon storage over 100 years in Douglas-fir/tanoak: a case study. Mathematical and Computational Forestry & Natural-Resource Sciences 11(2): 286–293.

Berrill, J-P.; Howe, R.A. 2019. Multiaged redwood responds well to partial harvest and herbicide treatments. Can. J. For. Res. 49(11): 1425-1433. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019- 0142.

Berrill, J-P.; Webb, L.A.; DeYoung, K.L.; Dagley, C.M.; Bodle, C.G.; Simpson, S.M. 2020. Development of Redwood Regeneration after Conifer Partial Harvest and Hardwood Management. Forest Science, https://doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa031

Berrill, J-P.; O’Hara, K.L.; Kichas, N.E. 2020. Bark thickness in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) varies according to tree- and crown size, stand structure, latitude, and genotype. Forests 11(6), 637. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11060637.

Brevik, E.C., H. Dolliver, S. Edinger-Marshall, D. Itkin, J. Johnson-Maynard, G. Liles, M. Mbila, C. Moorberg, Y. Sanchez-deLeon, J.J. Steffan, A. Ulery, K. Vaughn. 2020. Undergraduate degrees that train students for soil science careers at universities in the USA and its territories. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20140 Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

Charnley, S., Kelly, E.C., Fischer, A.P. 2020. Fostering Collective Action to Reduce Wildfire Risk Across Property Boundaries in the American West. Environmental Research Letters 15. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab639a.

Chin, A.R.O., S.C. Sillett. 2019. Within-crown plasticity in leaf traits among the tallest conifers. American Journal of Botany 106: 1–13.

Cortenbach, J., Williams, R. & Madurapperuma, B., 2019. Determining fire severity of the Santa Rosa, CA 2017 Fire. IdeaFest: Interdisciplinary Journal of Creative Works and Research from Humboldt State University, 3(1), p.8.

.Dagley, C.M.; Berrill, J-P.; Coppeto, S.A.; Eschtruth, A.K. 2020. Understory responses to restoration in aspen‐conifer forests around the Lake Tahoe Basin: residual stand attributes predict recovery. Restoration Ecology 28(3): 603-611. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13121.

DeSoto, L.M. Cailleret, F. Sterck, S. Jansen, K. Kramer, E.M.R. Robert, T. Aakala, M. Amoroso, C. Bigler, J.J. Camarero, K. Cufar, G. Gea-Izquierdo, S. Gillner, L.J. Haavik, A. Heres, J.M. Kane, V.I. Kharuk, T. Kitzberger, T. Klein, T. Levanic, J.C. Linares, H. Makinen, W. Oberhuber, A. Papadopoulos, B. Rohner, G. Sangüesa-Barreda, J.M. Smith, D. Stojanovic, M. Suarez, R. Villalba, J. Martinez-Vilalta. 2020. Low growth resilience to drought is related to future mortality risk in trees. Nature Communications 11: 545. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14300-5 de Witt, A., Boston, K., and Leshchinsky, B. 2000. Predicting aggregate degradation in forest roads in Northwest Oregon. Forests 11 (7): 729.

Goodwin MJ, North MP, Zald HSJ, and Hurteau MD. 2020. Changing climate reallocates the carbon debt of frequent-fire forests. Global Change Biology: doi:10.1111/gcb.15318.

Gorman, A.J., Kerhoulas, L.P., Polda, W.T., and NJ Kerhoulas, N.J. 2019. Epiphyte diversity and distribution in an old Sitka spruce crown. Evansia 36(1): 12-22.

Formosa, M.L., and Kelly, E.C. 2020. Socioeconomic benefits of a restoration economy in the Mattole River Watershed, USA. Society and Natural Resources 75: 1-8.

Gutierrez Garzon, A.R., Bettinger, P., Siry, J., Abrams, J., Cieszewski, C., Boston, K., Mei, B., Zengin, H., and Yesil, A. 2020. A Comparative Analysis of Five Forest Certification Programs. Forests: 11(8).

Harrill, H., R. Visser. 2019. A Survey of Ground-based Harvesting Systems in New Zealand. Harvesting Technical Note HTN12-04. Forest Growers Research, Rotorua. 9p.

Hood, S.M., C.C. Reed, J.M. Kane. 2020. Axial resin duct quantification in tree rings: a functional defense trait. MethodsX7:101035. DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101035. 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/f11080863.

Hwang, K., H-S Han, S.E. Marshall, D.S. Page-Dumroese. 2020. Soil compaction from cut-to- length thinning operations in young redwood forests in northern California. Can. J. For. Res. 50:185-192.

Iberle, B.G., R. Van Pelt, S.C. Sillett. 2020. Development of mature second-growth Sequoia sempervirens forests. Forest Ecology and Management 459: 117816.

Kane, J.M., J.M. Varner, M.C. Stambaugh, M.R. Saunders. 2020. Reconsidering the fire ecology of the iconic American chestnut. Ecosphere. 10: e03267. DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3267

Kelly, E.C., S. Charnley, J.T. Pixley. 2019. Polycentric systems for wildfire governance in the western United States. Land Use Policy 89.

Kelly, E.C., and G. Brown. 2019. Who are we educating and what should they know? An assessment of forestry education in California. Journal of Forestry 117(2): 95-103.

Kelly, E.C., and A. Christiansen. 2019. From lightning rod to community asset? Society and Natural Resources 32(6): 657-674.

Kelly, E.C., and M.L. Formosa. 2020. The economic and cultural importance of cannabis production to a rural place. Journal of Rural Studies.

Kerhoulas, L.P., Hammons, D.T., and Kerhoulas, N.J.. 2020. Bigleaf maple within-tree variation in foliar morphology and seasonal physiology. Northwest Science: 94: 176-187.

Kerhoulas, L.P., Weisgrau, A.S., Hoeft, E.C., and Kerhoulas, N.J. 2020. Vertical gradients in foliar physiology of tall Picea sitchensis trees. Tree Physiology 40: 321-332.

Kerhoulas, L.P., Polda,W.T., Kerhoulas, N.J., and Berrill, P.B. 2020. Physiology and growth of Douglas-fir and redwood seedlings planted after partial harvesting. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change3: 49.

Kerhoulas, L.P.; Polda, W.; Kerhoulas, N.; Berrill, J-P. 2020. Physiology and growth of Douglas-fir and redwood seedlings planted after partial harvesting. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 23: 49. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.00049

Kirk, C.; and Berrill, J-P. 2020. Second-log branch size comparison between even-aged and multiaged Douglas-fir stands in coastal northern California. Mathematical and Computational Forestry & Natural-Resource Sciences 12(1): 50-61.

Knapp, E.E., A.A. Bernal, J.M. Kane, M. North, C. Fettig. 2021. Variable thinning and prescribed fire influence tree mortality and growth during and after a severe drought. Forest Ecology and Management 479. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118595

Kramer, R.D., S.C. Sillett, R. Van Pelt, J.F. Franklin. 2019. Neighborhood competition mediates crown development of Picea sitchensis in Olympic rainforests: implications for restoration management. Forest Ecology and Management 441: 127–143.

Kramer, R.D., S.C. Sillett, V.R. Kane, J.F. Franklin. 2020. Disturbance and species composition drive canopy structure and distribution of large trees in Olympic rainforests, USA. Landscape Ecology 35: 1107–1125.

Kuruppuarachchi, K. A., J. M., Sayakkarage, V., and Madurapperuma, B.D. In press. Environmental literacy level comparison of undergraduates in the conventional and ODLs universities in Sri Lanka. Sustainability.

LaMontange, J.M., Pearse, I.S. Greene, D.F., Koenig, W.D. 2020. Mast seeding patterns in white spruce are asynchronous at a continental scale in North America. Nature Plants 6 (May): 460-465.

Madurapperuma, B., Lamping, J., McDermott, M., Murphy, B., McFarland, J., Deyoung, K., Smith, C., MacAdam, S., Monroe, S., Corro, L., Magstadt, S., Dellysse, J., & Mitchell, S. 2020. Factors influencing movement of the Manila Dunes and its impact on establishing non-native species. Remote Sensing, 12, 1536.

Madurapperuma, B., Barger, J., Collin, M., Emerson, C., Fleming, S. & Murphy, B., 2019. A geospatial recipe for identifying social values and fragmentation issues of the Friends of the Dunes Land Trust. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, (41), pp.8-21.

Martorano, C., J.M. Kane, E.A. Engber, J. Gibson. 2021. Long-term effectiveness of fuel treatments in oak and chaparral stands of northern California. Applied Vegetation Science. DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12551.

Krieger, R.M.; Wall, B.E.; Kidd, C.W.; Berrill, J-P. 2020. Chronosequence of fuel loading and fuel depth following forest rehabilitation frill treatment of tanoak to release Douglas-fir: a case study from northern California. Forests 2020, 11(6), 691; https://doi.org/10.3390/f11060691

Medel, I.D., Stubblefield, A.P., and Shea, C. 2020. Sedimentation and erosion patterns within anabranching channels in a lowland river restoration project. International Journal of River Basin Management: DOI: 10.1080/15715124.2020.1809435.

Namm, B.H.; and Berrill, J-P. 2020. How do tree- and stand-level factors influence belowground biomass and carbon storage in tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus)? The Forestry Chronicle 96: 50-60. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2020-007.

North et al [26 authors including Greene, D.F.] 2019. Restoration for resilience in dry western forests. Forest Ecology and Management 432: 209-224.

Ritchie, M.W.; Berrill, J-P. 2020. Precommercial Thinning in California Forests. Chapter 10, in: Stewart, W. tech ed. 2020. Reforestation Practices for Conifers in California. http://www.fvmc.org/.

Schooler S, and Zald HSJ. (2019). Lidar prediction of small mammal diversity in Wisconsin, USA. Remote Sensing. 11,2222; doi:10.3390/rs11192222.

Sillett, S.C., R.D. Kramer, R. Van Pelt, A.L. Carroll, J. Campbell-Spickler, M.E. Antoine. 2021. Comparative development of the four tallest conifer species. Forest Ecology and Management 480: 118688.

Sillett, S.C., R. Van Pelt, A.L. Carroll, J. Campbell-Spickler, M.E. Antoine. 2020. Aboveground biomass dynamics and growth efficiency of Sequoia sempervirens. Forest Ecology and Management 458: 117740.

Sillett, S.C., Van Pelt, R., Carroll, A.L., Campbell-Spickler, J., Antoine, M.E., 2019. Structure and dynamics of forests dominated by Sequoiadendron giganteum. Forest Ecology and Management 448: 218–239.

Sillett, S.C., R. Van Pelt, A.L. Carroll, J. Campbell-Spickler, E.J. Coonen, B. Iberle. 2019. Allometric equations for Sequoia sempervirens in forests of different ages. Forest Ecology and Management 433: 349–363.

Steel, Z., Goodwin M., Meyer M., Fricker, GA, Zald, HSJ, Hurteau, M, and North, MP. In press. Do forest fuel reduction treatments confer resistance to beetle infestation and drought mortality? Ecosphere.

Stevens, J.T., M. Kling, D. Schwilk, J.M. Varner, J.M. Kane. 2020. Biogeography of forest fire regimes in western US conifer forests: a trait-based approach. Global Ecology and Biogeography 29: 944-955. DOI: 10.0.4.87/geb.13079

van Mantgem, P.J., Kerhoulas, L.P., Wenderott, Z.J., and Sherriff, R.L. 2020. Tree-ring evidence of forest management moderating drought responses: Implications for dry, coniferous forests in the southwestern United States. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 3: 41.

Weinberg, W.C., Suoja,J.R., Kerhoulas, L.P., Maberry, R.J., Lee, C.A., Baston, D.S., and Marshall, S.E.. 2020. Phytophthora ramorum foliar infection reduces leaf-level productivity in tanoak and California bay: a pilot study from Redwood National Park. Madroño: in press.

Zald HSJ, Kerns BK, and Day MA. (2020). Limited effects of long-term repeated season and interval of prescribed burning on understory vegetation compositional trajectories and indicator species in ponderosa pine forests of Northeastern Oregon. Forests, 11, 834; doi:10.3390/f11080834.

Presentations/proceedings/chapters/reports Berrill, J-P. 2020. Conference presentation. “How are aspen responding to restoration? Monitoring reveals trends in tree growth, regeneration, and recovery of understory plant cover after conifer removal and pile burning”. Natural Areas Conference, October 15, 2020. Reno, Nevada.

Berrill, J-P. 2019. Conference presentation. “Conifer Retention Levels and Hardwood Control Affect Harvest Volume and Carbon Storage in Douglas-fir/Tanoak”. Novenmber 1st 2019, Society of American Foresters Convention, October 30-November 02, 2019. Louisville, Kentucky.

Berrill, J-P. 2019. Conference presentation. Invited speaker. Redwood clonal test results & hardwood management on the coast range - tree and regeneration response to herbicide treatment of hardwoods. Forest Vegetation Management Conference field tour: weed control for coastal conifers. July 17-18, 2019. Ft. Bragg, California.

Berrill, J-P. 2019. Conference presentation. Invited speaker. Transition to uneven-aged silviculture on the coast range; stand density management, tree and regeneration responses, and wood quality. Forest Stewards Guild field tour: single-tree selection for coastal conifers. June 13- 14, 2019. Caspar, California.

Bettinger, P., Merry, K., and Boston, K. (Editors). Mapping Human and Natural Systems. 2020. Academic Press.

Brumbeloe, J.; Dagley, C.M.; Berrill, J-P.; Coppeto, S.A. 2020. Poster presentation. "Post- treatment response of understory vegetation in aspen stands and burn piles around the Lake Tahoe Basin". Natural Areas Coference, October 15, 2020. Reno, Nevada.

Carman, J., Fingerman, K., Severy, M., Barrientos, C., Blasdel, M., Geronimo, C., Harris, A., Hsu, C., Rios-Romero, S., Wright, M., Kane, J. 2020. California Biomass Residue Emissions Characterization (C-BREC) model framework. California Energy Commission. schatzcenter.org/cbip/

Chambers, A., Kim, A., Colgan, C., Dustin, J., Heen, P., Neubrand, J., McBroom, T., Saldana, W., Nichol, A., Schwerdtfeger, N., DiPierro, L., Martin, L., McLean, J., Whitney-Giordano, C., Hinojosa, Q., Hall, G., Harte, R., Camacho, L., Lamping, J., Corro, L., Magstadt, S. & Madurapperuma, B. 2019. Surveying coastal dune ecosystems using multi-spectral drone imagery in the North Spit of Humboldt Bay. INRSEP CNRS Scientific Research Symposium, October 4th 2019.

Goff, G.S., Kerhoulas, L.P., and Kerhoulas, N.J. 2020. Conifer encroachment and removal in a northern California oak woodland: influences on ecosystem physiology and biodiversity. Ecological Society of America Virtual Conference.

Goff, G.S., Kerhoulas, L.P., and Kerhoulas, N.J. 2019. Conifer encroachment and removal in a northern California oak woodland: influences on ecosystem physiology and biodiversity. Agricultural Research Institute Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA.

Goff, G.S., Kerhoulas, L.P., and Kerhoulas, N.J. 2019. Conifer encroachment and removal in a northern California oak woodland: influences on ecosystem physiology and biodiversity. California State Legislative Briefings, Sacramento, CA.

Greene, D.F. and Kane, J. M. 2019. The reproductive ecology of the endangered serotinous species, Heterocyparis bakeri (Baker cypress). Annual ARI conference. Sacramento, CA.

Greene, D.F. and McCavour, M.J. 2019. (Invited presentation.) La ecologia de Abies religiosa. 6to Simposio Internacional de investigacion y conservacion de la Mariposa Monarcha. March 7-8, 2019, Toluca, Mexico.

Greene, D.F. and McCavour, M.J. 2019. (Invited presentation.) Policy and ecological consequences of the recent shift in the fire regime of California. UNAM (Morelia); Morelia, Mexico.

Greene, D.F. and McCavour, M.J. 2019. (Invited presentation.) La ecologia de Abies religiosa y la Monarcha. UNAM (Morelia); Morelia, Mexico.

Harrill, H. Introduction to Tethered Harvesting Systems. Forest Leadership Team Meeting, Six Rivers National Forest, USFS, May 19th 2020.

Harrill, H. Winch-assisted Harvesting: New Opportunities for Timber Harvesting In California. Associated California Loggers (ACL) Annual Conference 2020, Reno, Nevada, January 15th- 17th 2020.

Heutmaker J. & Madurapperuma, B. 2019. Using ecological niche models to predict the distribution of plant species through the use of python programming. ideaFest HSU Library, May 3rd 2019.

Kane, J.M., Wright, M., Carman, J., Fingerman, K. Severy, M., Blasdel, M. 2020. California Biopower Impact Project: Fire emissions and fuels report. California Energy Commission.

Kane, J.M., *Bernal, A. 2019. Effects of variable density thinning and burning treatments on the spatial patterns of drought-related tree mortality. Joint Fire Science Report.

Kerhoulas, L.P., Weisgrau, A.S., Hoeft, and Kerhoulas, N.J. 2020. Crown-scale physiology and ecology of tall Sitka spruce. Invited talk, UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences Seminar, Davis, CA.

LaMontange, J.M., Pearse, I.S., Greene, D.F., Koenig, W.D. 2019. Mast seeding in white spruce is asynchronous at a continental scale in North America. Annual conference of the British Ecological Society. Belfast, Ireland.

Lanz, C. & Madurapperuma, B. 2019. NDCI analysis and change detection for coral reef habitats of Duncan Island in South Chinese Sea from 2016 to 2018. ideaFest HSU Library, May 3 2019.

Lemmo, S., Kerhoulas, L.P., Sherriff, RL , and Lee CA. 2020. True fir responses to drought. Invited talk, California Forest Pest Council Annual Meeting. Virtual.

Leslie, C., R. Visser, D. Roeser, C. Koszman, J. Hunt, H. Harrill. 2019. Factors That Affect Productivity and Utilisation of Winch-assist machines: Six Case Studies in New Zealand and Canada. Proceedings Symposium on Forest Mechanization (FORMEC) 2019, Sopron, Hungary, October 6th-9th 2019. 6-11 p.

Maberry, R.J., Suoja, J.R., Weinberg, W.C., LP Kerhoulas, L.P., CA Lee, DS Baston, SE Marshall. 2019. Ramorum leaf blight reduces leaf-level productivity in tanoak and California bay. Poster, Agricultural Research Institute Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA.

Madurapperuma, B.D., Kahara, S.N., Hernandez, K.B., & Corro, L.M. 2020. High-resolution data for capturing wetland vegetation using object- based classification methods. First Annual Research Session (FARS-2020), Faculty of Applied Science, Vavuniya Campus, Sri lanka, 2nd,, December 2020. http://www.vau.jfn.ac.lk/fars2020/farspro/ExAbs/EXP2.pdf

Madurapperuma, B. D., Zahir, I. L. M., Nijamir, K., & Iyoob, A. L. 2019. Mapping and change detection of mangroves along the coastline of Ampara district from 2004 to 2019. Proceedings, South Eastern University International Arts Research Symposium -2019, 18th December 2019, 330-336.

Madurapperuma, B.D. 2020. Survey coastal dune habitats in northern Humboldt Bay using sUAV. 2020 Virtual Annual Meeting, COAST.

Madurapperuma, B. & Greene, D. 2019. Post-fire seedling recruitment by burnt trees at the 2017 Helena Fire. ideaFest HSU Library, May 3rd 2019.

Nock, C. A., Jones, K.F., and Greene, D.F. 2020. The effect of icing events on the death and regeneration of North American trees. biomechanics and population effects of icing damage on trees. In: Plant disturbance ecology: The process and the response. Edited by Johnson, E.A. and K. Miyanishi. Academic Press. Pages: 213-252.

Visser, R., H. Harrill, K. Baek. 2019. Biomass recovery operations in New Zealand: A review of the literature. Harvesting Report H041. Forest Growers Research. Rotorua. 32p.

Weinberg, WC, JR Suoja, RJ Maberry, Kerhoulas, Lee, C.A., Baston, D.S., and Marshall, S.E. 2020. Ramorum leaf blight reduces leaf-level productivity in tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and California bay (Umbellularia californica). Poster, Humboldt State University IdeaFest, Arcata, CA.

Awards Kerhoulas, L.P. Certificate from the Summer Institutes on Scientific Teaching, 2019.

Lemmo, Sophia (MS student under Kerhoulas and Sherriff) was awarded a student fellowship from the Agricultural Research Institute for $10,800 to support her investigation of forest mortality and regeneration in northern California.

Kelly, E.C. 2019/2020 Outstanding Faculty for FWR.

Madurapperuma, B. HSU Emeritus and Retired Faculty and Staff Association Awards “Project: Capacity building in unmanned aerial vehicle technology”

Madurapperuma, B. Publons Academy Graduate & Publons Academy Mentor, 2020

Madurapperuma, B. Outstanding reviewer awards. Remote Sensing, 2019

Madurapperuma, B. Publons Global Peer Review Awards, 2019

External service/outreach Greene, D.F. Forestry advisory committee, College of the Redwoods; Associate editor, Biogeosciences.

Kerhoulas, L.P. National Park Service Stories of Science write up about ramorum leaf blight research, “Checking the vitals of diseased trees in Redwood National Park,” 2020. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/sos-diseased-trees.htm; Member of the Science and Restoration Committee on the Save the Redwoods League Council, 2020-2022.

Kelly, E.C. Northcoast Regional Land Trust Board Member, Save the Redwoods League Advisor Redwood Forest Foundation Advisor, HSU Strategic Plan Committee, Chair of Community Collaboration and Shared Success, Public Policy Institute of California, and co-researcher on Paying for Headwater Forest Management

Madurapperuma, B. 2020-2021 Topic Editor –Remote Sensing.

Marshall, S.E. Board of Directors, Society for Range Management, 2019 Excellence in Teaching Award (Humboldt State University); California Rangeland Manager Certification Panel, Chair.

Zald, H. California Forest Management Task Force, Science Advisory Panel, 2019-present.

Grants Chin, ARO, LP Kerhoulas, 2019. The influence of source water conifer drought resilience at Teakettle Experimental Forest. UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility Project Grant, $1,000.

Berrill, J-P.; Dagley, C.M. Converting hardwood to conifer combining VDT and VR silviculture. $18,725

Dagley, C.M.; Berrill, J-P. Redwood precommercial thinning responses. $25,000

Dagley, C.M.; Berrill, J-P. Thinning and pile burning response in aspen. $20,000

Erickson, Z.J.; Berrill, J-P.; Boston, K. 2020. “Identifying forest management objectives of the Wiyot”. Intertribal Timber Council, Native American Natural Resource Research Scholarship. $4,200.

Greene, D.F. & Madurapperuma B.D. Effects of water regime on post-fire seedling germination under experimental conditions in northern California. The Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), $36,419.00.

Greene, D.F. 2019-2020. ARI. Facultative serotiny. $20,000.

Greene, D.F. 2020-2023. McIntire-Stennis. Short interval fire return and the population dynamics of serotinous conifers. 21K annually for three years.

Gwenzi, D. & Madurapperuma, B.D. Early detection and mapping of spatial patterns of Black Bear bark stripping, Graduation Initiative 2025 (GI 2025), $2,100.00.

Kane, J. CSU Agricultural Research Institute (2020-2022), $54,763. Effectiveness of raking treatments to limit post-fire mortality in legacy oaks.

Kane, J. USDA Forest Service, Lassen National Forest (2019-2024). $20,000. Project: Effects of thinning and mastication on Baker cypress reproduction and vigor.

Kelly, EC, LP Kerhoulas, 2020. Redwoods Rising 2020. Save the Redwoods League, $215,122. Kelly, E.C. Save the Redwoods League Public Use Survey (Founders Grove, Grove of Titans) = $72,000

Kelly, E.C. Save the Redwoods League Undergraduate internship (Redwoods Rising) = $174,000 in 2019, $225,000 in 2020

Kelly, E.C. McIntire-Stennis Project: State Private Lands Policies = $45,000

Kelly, E.C. Schatz Tree Farm Oral History project = $7,270

Kerhoulas, LP, RL Sherriff. 2020. Tree mortality and regeneration across competitive and geographic gradients in Northern California. McIntire-Stennis, $75,000.

Kane, J. CSU Agricultural Research Institute (2020-2022), $54,763. Effectiveness of raking treatments to limit post-fire mortality in legacy oaks.

Kane, J. USDA Forest Service, Lassen National Forest (2019-2024). $20,000. Project: Effects of thinning and mastication on Baker cypress reproduction and vigor.

Madurapperuma B.D. Effects of water regime on post-fire seedling germination under experimental conditions in northern California, Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities (RSCA), $4940.00.

Madurapperuma B.D. Greenhouse experiment on the growth rates and the percent survival of conifers under manipulated water regime conditions, Graduation Initiative 2025 (GI 2025), $1500.

Madurapperuma B.D. Student Open Educational Resources (OER) Project. 200 hrs. for student assistant ~$2800

Madurapperuma B.D. & Kahara, S.N. A phytosociological assessment of restored wetlands in California’s Central Valley using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) imagery and in-situ survey, The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), $101,706.

Marshall, S.E. USDA FS Phytophora SNP assay. $76,000.

Marshall, S.E. USDA NIFA HIS. Comida nos une. $250,000.

Zald, H. 2020-2021. USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Quantification and mitigation of large pine mortality after prescribed burning in a drought altered Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest. $25,000.

Zald, H. 2019-2021. L.W Schatz Demonstration Tree Farm, Assessment of low cost UAV photogrammetry and RTK GPS technologies for forest inventory and road assessment. $18,731

Zald, H. 2019-2021. California State University System Agricultural Research Initiative, Assessment of low cost multi-angle UAV photogrammetry for forest inventory. $39,215.