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Essential Oil Production of Murraya Paniculata (L.) Jack at Different Advances Inh Horticulturas L Science Harvest Times

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Essential Oil Production of Murraya Paniculata (L.) Jack at Different Advances Inh Horticulturas L Science Harvest Times Adv. Hort. Sci., 2018 32(4): 471-477 DOi: 10.13128/ahs-21989 Essential oil production of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack at different Advances inH HorticulturaS l Science harvest times C.I.M. Semarayani, S.A. Aziz (*), M. Melati Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia. Key words : β- methylesculetin, caryophyllene, murralongin, solvent extraction. Abstract: Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack has a fragrant flower, from which the fragrance is due to the essential oil. The study aimed to investigate the produc - tion of essential oil and its chemical compounds at different harvest times. The research was conducted at an organic experimental farm, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia (6°30’-6°45’ S, 106°30’-106°45’ E) from October 2016 to February 2017 using randomized complete block design. The experi - ment consisted of one factor, namely the harvest times, comprised of harvest at 05.00-07.00 and 07.00-09.00 a.m. M. paniculata flowers were collected at (*) Corresponding author: three different flower ages, comprised of two days before anthesis, one day [email protected] before anthesis and the day of anthesis (blooming). The different flower ages indicated by the flower size. Ethanol extraction method was used to extract the essential oil of the flowers from different harvesting times and then chemical Citation: SemArAyAni c.i.m., Aziz S.A., melAti m. , 2018 - compounds were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The Essential oil production of Murraya paniculata result showed that flower number and weight were not affected by harvesting (L.) Jack at different harvest times . - Adv. Hort. times. The flower collected on the day of anthesis had the highest flower num - Sci., 32(4): 471-477 ber and weight. Harvesting flowers at anthesis can be done at 05.00-09.00 a.m. The highest quantity and quality of essential oils were obtained by harvesting the flowers at anthesis. β- methylesculetin and murralongin were the primary Copyright: compounds in M. paniculata flowers that harvested at 05.00-09.00 a.m . © 2018 Semarayani c.i.m., A ziz S.A., melati m. this is an open access, peer reviewed article published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.net/index.php/ahs/) and 1. Introduction distributed under the terms of the creative commons Attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction Murraya paniculata (l.) Jack well known as orange jessamine is an in any medium, provided the original author and ornamental plant and belongs to family rutaceae (Shah et al ., 2014), it source are credited. has white flowers with sweet fragrance (Gilman, 1999). the plants are native to Southeastern Asia, i.e. cambodia, laos, myanmar, thailand, Data Availability Statement: Vietnam, indonesia, malaysia, and Philippine (Dosoky et al ., 2016). M. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting information files. paniculata has been used in traditional medicine because the plant has anti-amnesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, Competing Interests: anti-helminthic, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidative properties (Sharma and the authors declare no competing interests. Arora, 2015). Beside as a source for perfumery, M. paniculata is also used as a source of flavors (el-Sakhawy et al ., 1998) because the flowers are received for publication 3 november 2017 highly aromatic and contain sufficient amount of essential oil (naseem et Accepted for publication 18 may 2018 al ., 2015). Plants essential oils are aromatic components that composed 471 Adv. Hort. Sci., 2018 32(4): 471-477 of different chemical compounds (younis et al ., vest at 05.00-07.00 and at 07.00-09.00 a.m. the flow - 2011). ers were collected at three different ages, comprised Different compositions of chemical compound of of two days before anthesis, one day before anthesis, M. paniculata essential oils have been studied. rout and at the day of anthesis. the two ages of flower et al . (2007) found that pentane extraction was the before anthesis were indicated by the size of flower best method to obtain the highest amount of essen - buds which have been observed in the preliminary tial oil of M. paniculata flowers in india. this study study. the anthesis of the flower bud with 1.00±0.06 also found that manool and ( E)-nerolidol were the cm length and 0.48±0.06 cm width will occur two major component of essential oil (rout et al ., 2007). days later; while flower bud with 1.16±0.06 cm the chemical compounds of M. paniculata flowers length and 0.56±0.04 cm width will occur in the next can also be extracted with liquid cO 2 (rout et al ., day. the observations include developmental stages, 2010). Different compounds from M. exotica flowers number, fresh weight, the content of essential oils were found, namely ( E,E,E )- α- springene, ( E)- and chemical compounds of M. paniculata flowers. nerolidol, ( E,E )- α- farnesene, methyl palmitate and Data were analyzed using t-student with α= 5% germacrene B (raina et al ., 2006). (Petersen, 1994). the variation of chemical composition in the Essential oil extraction essential oil from Murraya flowers is affected by the the analysis of essential oils was conducted at place where the plants are planted (el-Sakhawy et al ., tropical Biopharmaca research center, Bogor 1998) and harvesting time. concerning the latter, Agricultural University, Bogor, indonesia. All harvest - harvesting time may influence the quantity and quali - ed flowers (from different harvesting times) were ty of essential oils of M. paniculata flowers; this has extracted with solvent extraction method of ethanol. been reported in four Rosa cultivars (younis et al ., the flowers were immersed in ethanol until all sam - 2009) and Jasminum sambac flowers (younis et al ., ples were submerged, for two days. this mixture was 2011). younis et al . (2011) reported that the best filtered, then, the extract was separated from the time to collect J. sambac flowers was in the morning solvent by rotary evaporator with a temperature of before sunrise because highly volatile of jasmine oil. 40°c. the oil yield percentage was calculated from therefore, the purpose of this research was to the weight of extract (g) divided by weight of fresh investigate the effect of harvest time on the produc - flower (g). tion and chemical compounds of M. paniculata essential oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis chemical compounds of essential oils were ana - 2. Materials and Methods lyzed at Health laboratory of DKi Jakarta Province. the essential oils were injected into Gas Plant material chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GcmS). An the field experiment was conducted from Agilent technologies 7890 Gas chromatography October 2016 to February 2017. the experiment instrument with an Auto Sampler and 5975 mass used 30 (62 month-old) plants that were planted in 1 Selective Detector and chemstation Data System, m x 1 m on latosol soil, at the organic experimental equipped with a 30 m x 0.25 mm HP Ultra 2 capillary farm, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, indonesia column with 0.25 µm film thickness. Helium was used (6°30’-6°45’ S, 106°30’-106°45’ e) at 250 m above sea as the carrier gas. the initial temperature was pro - level. A voucher specimen was deposit at the grammed at 80°c and then increased at the rate of Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, indonesia. type-A cli - 3°cmin -1 to 150°c held for 1 min and finally raised to mate based on Schmidt-Ferguson with the average 280°c at the rate of 20°c min -1 held for 26 min. the monthly rainfall, temperature and humidity of 305 injector and interface temperatures were 250°c and mm, 26°c and 85%, respectively (mcGA, 2017). 280°c, respectively. the ionization voltage was 70eV Before treatment, each plant was fertilized with 3.0 and a sample injection volume 5 µl. the individual kg rice-hull ash, followed eliazar and Aziz (2015). peaks were identified by retention times, compared Experimental design with those of compounds in Health laboratory of DKi the experiment was arranged in randomized com - Jakarta Province database. the percentage of each plete block design, with single factor (Petersen, 1994) compound detected from samples was calculated with harvest times as treatments, comprised of har - according to the area of the chromatographic peaks. 472 Semarayani et al. - Essential oil production of Murraya paniculata L. 3. Results weight was blooming flowers (flowers at anthesis), and the lowest was flowers at the stage of one day the results showed that the average of flower before anthesis. the difference in flower weight number (regardless the flower ag es) harvested at between harvesting time was 16.59%. 05.00-07.00 Am was not significantly different to those the extraction of M. paniculata flowers at differ - harvesting at 07.00-09.00 a.m. (table 1). At both har - ent harvesting times with ethanol resulted in a yel - vest times, it was found the following order of flower lowish-brown solution called concrete. these results number based on flower stages: flowers at anthesis, were in line with that of Paibon et al . (2011), that flowers that would bloom two days later, and the reported how the extraction of J. Sambac flowers least was flowers that would bloom in the next day. with ethanol produced a solution of yellowish brown the differences in flower number between flower to reddish. On the other hand, M. paniculata flowers stages were not always significant. the difference of that extracted with pentane produced a deep yellow flower number between harvesting time was 8.96%. waxy residue (rout et al ., 2007). there was an indication that the essential oil per - table 1 - number of orange jessamine flowers at different har - vesting times centage between harvest times was different.
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