Univerzita Palackého V Olomouci Fakulta Tělesné Kultury PLAVECKÁ

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Univerzita Palackého V Olomouci Fakulta Tělesné Kultury PLAVECKÁ Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Fakulta tělesné kultury PLAVECKÁ DISCIPLÍNA 100 M VOLNÝ ZPŮSOB V OBDOBÍ 2000–2016 Diplomová práce (magisterská) Autor: Bc. Ivo Pauk, Tělesná výchova a sport Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jiří Dub Olomouc 2020 Jméno a příjmení autora: Bc. Ivo Pauk Název diplomové práce: Plavecká disciplína 100 m volný způsob v období 2000–2016 Pracoviště: Katedra sportu Vedoucí diplomové práce: Mgr. Jiří Dub Rok obhajoby diplomové práce: 2020 Abstrakt: Diplomová práce sleduje vývoj plaveckého způsobu kraul v disciplíně 100 m volný způsob v období 2000–2016. K tomuto využívá metody zkoumání a analýzy dokumentů a metody historické. Zaměřuje se na semifinálové a finálové výkony plavců na olympijských hrách, mistrovstvích světa a Evropy. Dále na evropské a světové rekordy. Zaznamenává počty závodníků na plaveckých soutěžích, věk nejlepších plavců a jejich úspěšnost v jiných plaveckých disciplínách. Výsledky výzkumu vypovídají o vzrůstajících tendencích výkonnosti v jednotlivých soutěžích. Vrcholné výkony jsou směřovány k olympijským hrám. Ženy dosahují vrcholných výkonů dříve než muži. Úroveň plavecké výkonnosti v disciplíně 100 m volný způsob ještě nedosáhla svého limitu s predikcí dalšího růstu. Klíčová slova: plavání, plavecký způsob kraul, historie plavání, výkon a výkonnost Souhlasím s půjčováním závěrečné písemné práce v rámci knihovních služeb. Author’s first name and surname: Bc. Ivo Pauk Title of the master’s thesis: The 100 m freestyle swimming event in years 2000–2016 Department: Department of sports Supervisor: Mgr. Jiří Dub The year of presentation: 2020 Abstract: The thesis maps the development of the 100 m freestyle swimming event in years 2000–2016, using methods of document exploration and analysis and the historical method. The focus is on swimmers’ performances at the semi-finals and finals of the Olympic Games and World and European Championships, and also on European and world records. It records the number of participants in swimming competitions, the age of the best swimmers and their successfulness in other swimming events. The results of the research show rising tendencies towards efficiency in individual competitions. Top performances are achieved at and around the Olympic Games. As regards age, women achieve top performances earlier than men. The level of swimming efficiency in the 100 m freestyle has not reached its limit, with the prediction of further rise. Key words: swimming, freestyle, history of swimming, performance and efficiency I agree the thesis paper to be lent within the library service. Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci zpracoval samostatně pod vedením Mgr. Jiřího Duba, uvedl všechny použité literární a odborné zdroje a dodržoval zásady vědecké etiky. V Olomouci dne 17. 05. 2020 ...…………………………… Děkuji mému vedoucímu práce Mgr. Jiřímu Dubovi za odborné vedení práce a cenné rady, které mi pomohly tuto práci zkompletovat. Zároveň bych chtěl poděkovat mé rodině za podporu během studia. OBSAH 1 ÚVOD ...................................................................................................................... 9 2 PŘEHLED POZNATKŮ ........................................................................................ 11 2.1 Historie plavání ........................................................................................... 11 2.2 Plavecké federace ........................................................................................ 14 2.2.1 Mezinárodní plavecká federace (FINA) .............................................. 14 2.2.2 Evropská plavecká liga (LEN) ............................................................ 16 2.3 Vznik plaveckého způsobu kraul ................................................................. 16 2.4 Současná technika plaveckého způsobu kraul .............................................. 19 2.4.1 Poloha těla ......................................................................................... 19 2.4.2 Pohyby horních končetin .................................................................... 19 2.4.3 Pohyby dolních končetin .................................................................... 21 2.4.4 Dýchání .............................................................................................. 21 2.4.5 Souhra ................................................................................................ 22 2.4.6 Starty.................................................................................................. 22 2.4.7 Obrátky .............................................................................................. 24 2.4.8 Rozdíly v technice v závislosti na délce trati ....................................... 25 2.5 Plavecká disciplína 100 m volný způsob ...................................................... 27 2.6 Výkon a výkonnost v plavání ...................................................................... 28 3 CÍLE ....................................................................................................................... 33 4 METODIKA ........................................................................................................... 34 4.1 Soubor ......................................................................................................... 34 4.2 Výzkumné metody a techniky...................................................................... 34 4.3 Realizace výsledkové části .......................................................................... 36 5 VÝSLEDKY .......................................................................................................... 38 5.1 Vývoj evropského rekordu........................................................................... 38 5.1.1 Krátký bazén ...................................................................................... 38 5.1.2 Dlouhý bazén ..................................................................................... 39 5.2 Vývoj světového rekordu ............................................................................. 42 5.2.1 Krátký bazén ...................................................................................... 42 5.2.2 Dlouhý bazén ..................................................................................... 43 5.3 Vývoj výkonů na mistrovstvích Evropy v 25m bazénu ................................ 46 5.3.1 Kategorie mužů .................................................................................. 47 5.3.1.1 Semifinále ..................................................................................... 47 5.3.1.2 Finále............................................................................................. 48 5.3.2 Kategorie žen ..................................................................................... 48 5.3.2.1 Semifinále ..................................................................................... 48 5.3.2.2 Finále............................................................................................. 49 5.4 Vývoj výkonů na mistrovstvích Evropy v 50m bazénu ................................ 50 5.4.1 Kategorie mužů .................................................................................. 51 5.4.1.1 Semifinále ..................................................................................... 51 5.4.1.2 Finále............................................................................................. 52 5.4.2 Kategorie žen ..................................................................................... 53 5.4.2.1 Semifinále ..................................................................................... 53 5.4.2.2 Finále............................................................................................. 54 5.5 Vývoj výkonů na mistrovstvích světa v 25m bazénu .................................... 55 5.5.1 Kategorie mužů .................................................................................. 56 5.5.1.1 Semifinále ..................................................................................... 56 5.5.1.2 Finále............................................................................................. 57 5.5.2 Kategorie žen ..................................................................................... 58 5.5.2.1 Semifinále ..................................................................................... 58 5.5.2.2 Finále............................................................................................. 59 5.6 Vývoj výkonů na mistrovstvích světa v 50m bazénu .................................... 60 5.6.1 Kategorie mužů .................................................................................. 61 5.6.1.1 Semifinále ..................................................................................... 61 5.6.1.2 Finále............................................................................................. 62 5.6.2 Kategorie žen ..................................................................................... 63 5.6.2.1 Semifinále ..................................................................................... 63 5.6.2.2 Finále............................................................................................. 64 5.7 Vývoj výkonů na olympijských hrách .......................................................... 65 5.7.1 Kategorie mužů .................................................................................. 66 5.7.1.1 Semifinále ..................................................................................... 66 5.7.1.2 Finále............................................................................................
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