Relation Between Gene Content and Taxonomy in Chloroplasts
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Chromosome Numbers in Gymnosperms - an Update
Rastogi and Ohri . Silvae Genetica (2020) 69, 13 - 19 13 Chromosome Numbers in Gymnosperms - An Update Shubhi Rastogi and Deepak Ohri Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Malhaur (Near Railway Station), P.O. Chinhat, Luc know-226028 (U.P.) * Corresponding author: Deepak Ohri, E mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract still some controversy with regard to a monophyletic or para- phyletic origin of the gymnosperms (Hill 2005). Recently they The present report is based on a cytological data base on 614 have been classified into four subclasses Cycadidae, Ginkgoi- (56.0 %) of the total 1104 recognized species and 82 (90.0 %) of dae, Gnetidae and Pinidae under the class Equisetopsida the 88 recognized genera of gymnosperms. Family Cycada- (Chase and Reveal 2009) comprising 12 families and 83 genera ceae and many genera of Zamiaceae show intrageneric unifor- (Christenhusz et al. 2011) and 88 genera with 1104 recognized mity of somatic numbers, the genus Zamia is represented by a species according to the Plant List (www.theplantlist.org). The range of number from 2n=16-28. Ginkgo, Welwitschia and Gen- validity of accepted name of each taxa and the total number of tum show 2n=24, 2n=42, and 2n=44 respectively. Ephedra species in each genus has been checked from the Plant List shows a range of polyploidy from 2x-8x based on n=7. The (www.theplantlist.org). The chromosome numbers of 688 taxa family Pinaceae as a whole shows 2n=24except for Pseudolarix arranged according to the recent classification (Christenhusz and Pseudotsuga with 2n=44 and 2n=26 respectively. -
Biology and Systematics of Heterokont and Haptophyte Algae1
American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1508±1522. 2004. BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF HETEROKONT AND HAPTOPHYTE ALGAE1 ROBERT A. ANDERSEN Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, P.O. Box 475, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575 USA In this paper, I review what is currently known of phylogenetic relationships of heterokont and haptophyte algae. Heterokont algae are a monophyletic group that is classi®ed into 17 classes and represents a diverse group of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial algae. Classes are distinguished by morphology, chloroplast pigments, ultrastructural features, and gene sequence data. Electron microscopy and molecular biology have contributed signi®cantly to our understanding of their evolutionary relationships, but even today class relationships are poorly understood. Haptophyte algae are a second monophyletic group that consists of two classes of predominately marine phytoplankton. The closest relatives of the haptophytes are currently unknown, but recent evidence indicates they may be part of a large assemblage (chromalveolates) that includes heterokont algae and other stramenopiles, alveolates, and cryptophytes. Heter- okont and haptophyte algae are important primary producers in aquatic habitats, and they are probably the primary carbon source for petroleum products (crude oil, natural gas). Key words: chromalveolate; chromist; chromophyte; ¯agella; phylogeny; stramenopile; tree of life. Heterokont algae are a monophyletic group that includes all (Phaeophyceae) by Linnaeus (1753), and shortly thereafter, photosynthetic organisms with tripartite tubular hairs on the microscopic chrysophytes (currently 5 Oikomonas, Anthophy- mature ¯agellum (discussed later; also see Wetherbee et al., sa) were described by MuÈller (1773, 1786). The history of 1988, for de®nitions of mature and immature ¯agella), as well heterokont algae was recently discussed in detail (Andersen, as some nonphotosynthetic relatives and some that have sec- 2004), and four distinct periods were identi®ed. -
Cycad Leaf Physiology Research Needed 1 August 2017
Cycad leaf physiology research needed 1 August 2017 they contain close to 400 described species. Guiding principles are needed to improve the representation and relevance of these plants in contemporary research agendas. According to Marler, the addition of more descriptive research targeting cycad species is welcomed regardless of the approach. But the adherence to protocols that ensure species relevance would improve the outcomes. Since forest canopy traits define sunfleck qualities, the experimental protocols for studying sunfleck use by newly studied species should be defined from the natural habitats of each species. Moreover, the behavior of cultivated plants often differs from that Healthy juvenile plants of the endangered Cycas of plants in natural settings, and moving from the micronesica thrive in a deep understory habitat where current level of minimal knowledge to a level of they effectively utilize infrequent sunflecks. Credit: adequate knowledge may be reached most rapidly Thomas Marler by studying these plants within their native range rather than in botanic gardens. A phenomenon called context dependency is also pertinent to the needed expansion of cycad research. Do The living cycad species are among the world's environmental factors such as drought influence most threatened plant groups, but are also among how a cycad plant capitalizes on the ephemeral the world's least studied plant groups. The need for access to sunflecks? a greater understanding of basic physiology of cycads has been discussed for decades, yet to Attempts to link phylogenetic subsets of plants date the needed research is lacking. more closely to the broader global research agenda need to be accurate. -
Appendix 1. Systematic Arrangement of the Native Vascular Plants of Mexico
570 J.L. Villase˜nor / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 559–902 Appendix 1. Systematic arrangement of the native vascular plants of Mexico. The number of the families corresponds to the linear arrangement proposed by APG III (2009), Chase and Reveal (2009), Christenhusz, Chun, et al. (2011), Christenhusz, Reveal, et al. (2011), Haston et al. (2009) and Wearn et al. (2013). In parentheses, the first number indicates the number of genera and the second the number of species recorded for the family in Mexico Ferns and Lycophytes Order Cyatheales 12. Taxaceae (1/1) 17. Culcitaceae (1/1) Angiosperms Lycophytes 18. Plagiogyriaceae (1/1) 19. Cibotiaceae (1/2) Superorder Nymphaeanae Subclass Lycopodiidae 20. Cyatheaceae (3/14) 21. Dicksoniaceae (2/2) Orden Nymphaeales Order Lycopodiales 22. Metaxyaceae (1/1) 3. Cabombaceae (2/2) 1. Lycopodiaceae (4/21) 4. Nymphaeaceae (2/12) Order Polypodiales Order Isoetales 23. Lonchitidaceae (1/1) Superorder Austrobaileyanae 2. Isoetaceae (1/7) 24. Saccolomataceae (1/2) 26. Lindsaeaceae (3/8) Order Selaginellalles Orden Austrobaileyales 27. Dennstaedtiaceae (4/23) 3. Selaginellaceae (1/79) 7. Schisandraceae (2/2) 28. Pteridaceae (33/214) 29. Cystopteridaceae (1/4) Pteridophytes Superorder Chloranthanae 30. Aspleniaceae (4/89) 31. Diplaziopsidaceae (1/1) Subclass Equisetidae Orden Chloranthales 32. Thelypteridaceae (1/70) 8. Chloranthaceae (1/1) 33. Woodsiaceae (1/8) Order Equisetales 35. Onocleaceae (1/1) 1. Equisetaceae (1/6) Superorder Magnolianae 36. Blechnaceae (2/20) 37. Athyriaceae (2/31) Subclass Ophioglossidae Orden Canellales 38. Hypodematiaceae (1/1) 9. Canellaceae (1/1) Order Ophioglossales 39. Dryopteridaceae 10. Winteraceae (1/1) 2. Ophioglossaceae (2/16) (14/159) 40. -
Curitiba, Southern Brazil
data Data Descriptor Herbarium of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (HUCP), Curitiba, Southern Brazil Rodrigo A. Kersten 1,*, João A. M. Salesbram 2 and Luiz A. Acra 3 1 Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, School of Life Sciences, Curitiba 80.215-901, Brazil 2 REFLORA Project, Curitiba, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, School of Life Sciences, Curitiba 80.215-901, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-41-3721-2392 Academic Editor: Martin M. Gossner Received: 22 November 2016; Accepted: 5 February 2017; Published: 10 February 2017 Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to present the herbarium of the Pontifical Catholic University of Parana’s and its collection. The history of the HUCP had its beginning in the middle of the 1970s with the foundation of the Biology Museum that gathered both botanical and zoological specimens. In April 1979 collections were separated and the HUCP was founded with preserved specimens of algae (green, red, and brown), fungi, and embryophytes. As of October 2016, the collection encompasses nearly 25,000 specimens from 4934 species, 1609 genera, and 297 families. Most of the specimens comes from the state of Paraná but there were also specimens from many Brazilian states and other countries, mainly from South America (Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Colombia) but also from other parts of the world (Cuba, USA, Spain, Germany, China, and Australia). Our collection includes 42 fungi, 258 gymnosperms, 299 bryophytes, 2809 pteridophytes, 3158 algae, 17,832 angiosperms, and only one type of Mimosa (Mimosa tucumensis Barneby ex Ribas, M. -
<I>AUREOCOCCUS ANOPHAGEFFERENS</I>
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2016 MOLECULAR AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AUREOCOCCUS ANOPHAGEFFERENS AND ITS GIANT VIRUS Mohammad Moniruzzaman University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Moniruzzaman, Mohammad, "MOLECULAR AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AUREOCOCCUS ANOPHAGEFFERENS AND ITS GIANT VIRUS. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2016. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4152 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Mohammad Moniruzzaman entitled "MOLECULAR AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AUREOCOCCUS ANOPHAGEFFERENS AND ITS GIANT VIRUS." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Microbiology. Steven W. Wilhelm, Major Professor We have read this dissertation -
Pteridofitas Y Gimnospermas”
UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA MANUAL DE PRÁCTICAS DE LABORATORIO “Helechos y Gimnospermas” CICLO 2019 “PTERIDOFITAS Y GIMNOSPERMAS” Pinus ayacahuite var. brachyptera Shaw. PROFESORES DEL CURSO 2019: Biol. Leticia Díaz López Dra. Gabriela Domínguez Vázquez Biol. Rosa Isabel Fuentes Chávez Biol. Federico Hernández Valencia Dr. Juan Carlos Montero Castro Dr. Juan Manuel Ortega Rodríguez Polypodium madrense Mickel Biól. Norma Patricia Reyes Martínez M.C. Patricia Silva Sáenz PRESENTACIÓN. En el plan de estudios de la carrera de biología de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, la materia de Botánica II (pteridofitas y gimnospermas), contempla dentro de sus contenidos el estudio tanto de la morfología, ciclos de vida, las relaciones evolutivas como la taxonomía de estos grupos de vegetales, que representan una gran importancia evolutiva pues corresponden tanto a las primeras plantas vasculares como a las primeras plantas productoras de semillas, por lo que el presente manual constituye una herramienta didáctica útil para el estudiante. En el presente manual se incluyen los aspectos antes mencionados, por lo que las diferentes prácticas intentan que el alumno relacione la morfología con la evolución que han tenido estos grupos de vegetales. Las prácticas incluidas, con excepción de la denominada “Evolución de las plantas vasculares” y la titulada “Herbario”, fueron implementadas originalmente como parte de la materia de Botánica III del plan de estudios de 1976 por el Prof. Biol. José L. Magaña Mendoza; y a partir del semestre marzo – agosto de 1998 y a iniciativa de los profesores Biol. Martha Santoyo Román y M.C. María del Rosario Ortega Murillo se formalizaron y estructuraron en el presente manual, aumentando una primera práctica de evolución de las plantas vasculares y una última práctica de Herbario. -
Seven Gene Phylogeny of Heterokonts
ARTICLE IN PRESS Protist, Vol. 160, 191—204, May 2009 http://www.elsevier.de/protis Published online date 9 February 2009 ORIGINAL PAPER Seven Gene Phylogeny of Heterokonts Ingvild Riisberga,d,1, Russell J.S. Orrb,d,1, Ragnhild Klugeb,c,2, Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizid, Holly A. Bowerse, Vishwanath Patilb,c, Bente Edvardsena,d, and Kjetill S. Jakobsenb,d,3 aMarine Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway bCentre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES),Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway cDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432, A˚ s, Norway dMicrobial Evolution Research Group (MERG), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway eCenter of Marine Biotechnology, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA Submitted May 23, 2008; Accepted November 15, 2008 Monitoring Editor: Mitchell L. Sogin Nucleotide ssu and lsu rDNA sequences of all major lineages of autotrophic (Ochrophyta) and heterotrophic (Bigyra and Pseudofungi) heterokonts were combined with amino acid sequences from four protein-coding genes (actin, b-tubulin, cox1 and hsp90) in a multigene approach for resolving the relationship between heterokont lineages. Applying these multigene data in Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses improved the heterokont tree compared to previous rDNA analyses by placing all plastid-lacking heterotrophic heterokonts sister to Ochrophyta with robust support, and divided the heterotrophic heterokonts into the previously recognized phyla, Bigyra and Pseudofungi. Our trees identified the heterotrophic heterokonts Bicosoecida, Blastocystis and Labyrinthulida (Bigyra) as the earliest diverging lineages. -
System Garden Masterplan, Melbourne University 2018
SYstem GARDEN LANDSCAPE MASTERPLAN STAGE 4 - MASTERPLAN FINAL REPORT 8th MARCH 2018 landscape architecture and GLAS urban design CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 3 HistorY OF THE SYstem GARDEN 4 THE GARDEN TODAY 5 KEY ISSUES FACING THE SYstem GARDEN 6 Masterplan VISION 7 K EY VALUES 8 THE SYstem GARDEN AND OC21 9 VISION: A BOTANIC GARDEN FOR THE CAMPUS 10 MASTERPLAN PRINCIPLES 11 THE SYstem GARDEN MASTERPLAN 13 strategic INITIATIVES 15 BotanicAL DivERSiTy - SuB-cLASS PLANTiNG GuiDELiNES 16 INTERPRETATION StrateGY 17 UNIVERSITY HISTORY 18 INDIGENOUS ConnecTION 19 SUSTAINABILITY 20 MATERIALS PALETTE 21 MATERiALS PALETTE - LiGHTiNG AND PoWER 22 MATERiALS PALETTE - coNSoLiDATiNG SERvicES 23 FURNITURE 24 Access 25 ART AND EVENTS IN THE GARDEN 26 Masterplan ELEMENTS 27 master PLAN ELEMENTS 28 PERIMETER PATH AND EDGE SPACES 29 SYstem GARDEN GATEs 30 ENTRy AvENuES - BiZARRE SENTRiES 31 THE FORMAL GARDEN 32 WETLAND cANAL 37 THE INFORMAL GARDEN 38 COURTYARD GARDENS 43 rainforest GARDEN 44 FERN AND LICHEN COURTYARD 45 APOTHECARY GARDEN 47 RESEARCH GARDENS 48 implementation STAGING 50 APPENDIX 1: costing 55 APPENDIX 2: CONSULTANT REPORTS 57 EXecUTIVE SUMMARY IntroDUction The System Garden is a special space. Originally laid out in 1856 by Professor Frederick McCoy and The Core values, are key to the current and future operation of the Parkville campus, they have a • indigenous connection: the System Garden provides indigenous interpretation through Edward LaTrobe Bateman, it is a botanic garden configured specifically for learning. It provides a direct link to the University’s OC21 strategy (Our Campus in the 21st Century) and will drive the the Billibellary’s walk and stop within the System Garden. -
Which Tree Orders in Southern Africa Have the Highest Antimicrobial Activity and Selectivity Against Bacterial and Fungal Pathog
Pauw and Eloff BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 14:317 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/14/317 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Which tree orders in southern Africa have the highest antimicrobial activity and selectivity against bacterial and fungal pathogens of animals? Elisabeth Pauw and Jacobus Nicolaas Eloff* Abstract Background: The study randomly screened leaf extracts of several hundred southern African tree species against important microbial pathogens to determine which taxa have the highest activity and may yield useful products to treat infections in the animal health market. Methods: We determined the antibacterial and antifungal activity of 714 acetone leaf extracts of 537 different tree species against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. A sensitive serial dilution microplate method was used. Results: Several extracts had MICs as low as 0.02 mg/ml. We analysed 14 out of the 38 tree orders where we determined the activity of more than 8 different tree species representing 89% of all species examined. There were statistically significant differences in some cases. Celastrales, Rosales and Myrtales had the highest activity against Gram-positive bacteria, the Myrtales and Fabales against the Gram-negative bacteria and the Malvales and Proteales against the fungi. Species present in the Asterales followed by the Gentiales and Lamiales had the lowest activities against all the microorganisms tested. Fabales species had the highest activities against all the microorganisms tested. There was substantial selectivity in some orders. Proteales species had very high activity against the fungi but very low activity against the bacteria. The species in the Celastrales and Rosales had very low antifungal activity, low activity against Gram-negative bacteria and very high activity against Gram-positive bacteria. -
Microsoft Word
James L. Reveal Système de Classification - 1997 Lycopodes 1. Lycopodiophyta D.H. Scott (1909) 1. Lycopodiophytina Tippo ex Reveal (1996) 1. Lycopodiopsida Bartl. (1830) 1. Lycopodiidae Knobl. (1890) 1. Lycopodiales Dumort. (1829) 1. Lycopodiaceae Beauv. ex Mirb. (1802) Huperziaceae Rothm. (1962) Phylloglossaceae Kunze (1843) 2. Selaginellidae Knobl. (1890) 1. Selaginellales Prantl (1874) 1. Selaginellaceae Willk. (1854) 2. Isoetopsida J.H. Schaffn. (1910) 1. Isoetidae Reveal (1996) 1. Isoetales Prantl (1874) 1. Isoetaceae Rchb. (1828) Prêles 2. Equisetophyta B. Boivin (1956) 1. Equisetopsida C. Agardh (1825) 1. Equisetidae Engl. & Gilg (1924) 1. Equisetales Dumort. (1829) 1. Equisetaceae Michx. ex DC. (1804) Psilophytes 3. Psilotophyta B. Boivin ex Reveal (1996) 1. Psilotophytina Tippo ex Reveal (1996) 1. Psilotopsida D.H. Scott (1909) 1. Psilotidae Reveal (1996) 1. Psilotales Engl. (1892) 1. Psilotaceae Eichler (1886) Tmesipteridaceae Nakai (1943) Fougères 4. Polypodiophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) Pteridophyta Bessey (1880) 1. Polypodiophytina Reveal (1996) Pteridophytina B. Boivin (1956) 1. Ophioglossopsida Thomé (1874) 1. Ophioglossidae Takht. ex Reveal (1996) 1. Ophioglossales Newman (1840) 1. Ophioglossaceae (R. Br.) C. Agardh (1822) Botrychiaceae Horan. (1847) Helminthostachyaceae Ching (1941) 2. Marattiidae Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) 1. Marattiales Prantl (1874) 1. Marattiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820) Angiopteridaceae Fée ex J. Bommer (1867) Christenseniaceae Ching (1940) Danaeaceae C. Agardh (1822) Kaulfussiaceae G. Campb., nom. illeg. (1940) 2. Polypodiopsida Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) Marsileopsida Trevis (1877) Pteridopsida Ritgen (1828) 1. Polypodiidae Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) 1. Osmundales Bromhead (1838) 1. Osmundaceae Bercht. & J. Presl (1820) 2. Hymenophyllales A.B. Frank (1877) 1. Hymenophyllaceae Link (1833) Trichomanaceae Burmeist. (1837) 3. Hymenophyllopsidales Pic. Serm. -
A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms
RESEARCH ARTICLE A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms Michael A. Ruggiero1*, Dennis P. Gordon2, Thomas M. Orrell1, Nicolas Bailly3, Thierry Bourgoin4, Richard C. Brusca5, Thomas Cavalier-Smith6, Michael D. Guiry7, Paul M. Kirk8 1 Integrated Taxonomic Information System, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, 2 National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand, 3 WorldFish—FIN, Los Baños, Philippines, 4 Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC-EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57, rue Cuvier, CP 50, F-75005, Paris, France, 5 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America, 6 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 7 The AlgaeBase Foundation & Irish Seaweed Research Group, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, 8 Mycology Section, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, United Kingdom * [email protected] Abstract We present a consensus classification of life to embrace the more than 1.6 million species already provided by more than 3,000 taxonomists’ expert opinions in a unified and coherent, OPEN ACCESS hierarchically ranked system known as the Catalogue of Life (CoL). The intent of this collab- orative effort is to provide a hierarchical classification serving not only the needs of the Citation: Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly CoL’s database providers but also the diverse public-domain user community, most of N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015) A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS whom are familiar with the Linnaean conceptual system of ordering taxon relationships.