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The Gallery of Coaches the King's Great Stables Gallery of Coaches Plan the Gallery of Coaches of the Palace of Versailles

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The Gallery of Coaches the King's Great Stables Gallery of Coaches Plan the Gallery of Coaches of the Palace of Versailles The gallery of coaches The king's great stables gallery of coaches plan the gallery of coaches of the palace of versailles To the Palace 1 Main Courtyard The Versailles coach collection is one of Europe’s largest and was put Coaches of the Great Stables together by King Louis-Philippe in 1831 when he transformed the for the wedding entrance Free Wifi royal palace into a museum dedicated “To all the Glories of France.” of Napoleon I exit 7 National Equestrian Sedan chairs and sleds joined the collections in 1851 when the first 2 Academy of the Estate Trianon Coach museum opened its doors to the public. Sedan chairs and of Versailles children’s coaches Coaches were designed to make an impression on minds and were total works of art. with their ostentatious luxury and decoration, they 3 were crafted by the court’s finest artists: architects, joiners, sculptors, Coach for the 1 christening of the painters, bronze smelters, gilders, upholsterers, embroiderers, etc. Duke of Bordeaux Over and beyond its artistic quality, the collection is also a kind 4 th th 2 of “Car Show of the 18 and 19 centuries” displaying the finest Court sleds prototypes and cutting-edge advances in french coach building in terms 5 of elegance, comfort and techniques. Coach for the coro nation Each coach also recounts a page in the History of France through a of Charles X dynastic or political event: a christening, wedding, coronation or funeral. 6 The Versailles coaches provide a living testimony to life at Court Funeral hearse and to the grandeur of the Ancien Régime, Empire and restoration. of Louis XVIII 7 Presidential coaches 3 4 5 film 6 1. Perspective view of the town, stables, palace and gardens Download the free of Versailles at the end of the reign audio guide of the Gallery of Coaches of Louis XIV (detail) Circa 1710-1715 1 onelink.to/chateau Anonymous 4 2 5 the royal a wide institution The stables were one of the most stables important departments of the Maison du Roi. They were a constant hive of Most European royal families would Construction activity with almost one thousand men The golden age have happily settled for such buildings The Royal Stables of Versailles were working there: squires, coachmen, of french equestrianism as their palace, but for the King the biggest royal construction project masters of hounds, postilions, footmen, The art of French dressage reached of France, these were just his stables. ever undertaken to house horses. lads, stablemen, blacksmiths, chaplains, perfection in the arena of the Great Contem poraries of Louis XIV The work on the two buildings started musicians, horse surgeons, the Pages’ Stables. From 1680 to 1830, a new form were amazed by the scale and majesty in 1679 to prepare for the installation School… It was a world unto itself. of thinking and new techniques emerged of the stables at Versailles. Their of the court and government in Versailles. in equestrianism, aiming to restore outstanding location, facing the Palace, Placed under the supervision of Jules The king’s horses the natural attitudes of the mounts is proof in itself of the importance Hardouin-Mansart, the undertaking was The galleries housed hundreds of horses and achieve perfect harmony between of horses in the display of power under carried out by an army of labourers ordered by breed and by coat colour. rider and horse. The squire’s elegance the Ancien Régime. in a record time of just three years, from Spanish, Arabian and Persian horses from the School of Versailles was 1679 to 1682. were used for parades and carrousels, renowned throughout Europe and contri- Great and small stables English horses for hunting, while buted to the prestige of the kingdom. The names come not from their size, The buildings the coach horses came from Poland, but from their use. To the north, the The buildings are laid out in an original Denmark or Prussia. The stables of Great Stables were under the authority horse-shoe shape, organised around Versailles amazed visitors by the unusual 2. Cross-section of 4. Coach for the coro- of the Grand Equerry of France, referred five courtyards. The side wings were height of their vaults, the thickness the King’s Great Stables nation of Louis XVI to as Monsieur le Grand, and housed the given over to the personnel, while of the walls and their stone paving. at Versailles in 1695 in Reims, 2 June 1775 Agency of Jules Engraving by Jean-Louis perfectly trained steeds for hunting and the central part was assigned The horses were stabled in a single row Hardouin-Mansart Prieur le Jeune warfare. To the south, the Small Stables to the horses. In the centre of each set at the Great Stables and in a double (1646-1708) (1759-1795) were headed by the First Equerry, of buildings lay the arena, which row at the Small Stables, separated only 3. The “artificial gaits” 5. The double-row referred to as Monsieur le Premier, and was rectangular at the Great Stables by swinging bails that allowed of the horse, in “École stalls in the Small were home to the horses for ordinary and round at the Small Stables. a magnificent, unobstructed view and de Cavalerie contenant Stables at Versailles uses and coach horses. In principle, the well-being of the horses themselves. la connoissance, l’instru- J. G. Rosenberg the Grand Equerry commanded all the ction et la conservation du cheval avec figure stables and stud farms, although en taille douce” the First Equerry always had difficulty Paris, 1733 accepting this subordination. Between François Robichon these two eminent figures there was de la Guérinière (1688-1751) a never-ending rivalry. 3 6 THE STATE COACHES FOr THE WEDDING OF NAPOLEON I On 2 April 1810, less than one month The Imperial Guard opened the way, after his divorce from Empress followed by the thirty-four coaches Josephine who was unable to bear him of the Court (including La Cornaline an heir, Napoleon I married and L’Améthyste shown in the gallery). Archduchess Marie-Louise of Austria. Then came the coach of the Empress, The event was marked by three which was unoccupied during the days of stunning celebrations procession in line with royal tradition, that owed much of their grandeur then that of the Emperor himself, to the magnificent processions. drawn by eight horses and surrounded by the Marshals of the Empire and the Forty coaches drove through the Étoile Grand Equerries on magnificent steeds. Gate and under the as yet unfinished Finally, the coaches of the Grand Arc de Triomphe, before proceeding Almoner and the one of the Imperial down the Champs-Élysées up family, which were even richer to the Tuileries Garden, acclaimed and more elegant in style, brought up by jubilant crowds. The power the end of the procession (five of them of the Emperor was displayed on this are on display in the gallery). important day by the splendour of his coaches and their retinues. The grandeur of this procession – forty ceremonial coaches and over 240 horses – exceeded even that of the coronation in 1804 and, most importantly, over- shadowed the magnificence of former royal processions: in similar circum- stances, the Kings of the Bourbon dynasty only used some thirty coaches. 6, 7 and 8. the Tuileries Garden The wedding procession on 2 April 1810 (details) of Napoleon I and Étienne-Barthélémy 7 Marie-Louise crossing Garnier (1759-1849) 8 9 10 CHILDrEN’S SEDAN COACHES CHAIr In Ancient Rome, on the occasion From their youngest age, the future Although the sedan chair has existed In Versailles too, there were private of the Saturnalia festival, the children sovereigns could therefore parade in style. since ancient times, it was at the end and public sedan chairs. The Chaises of wealthy families would be given The small coaches used for walks were of the 16th century that it made its Bleues service named after the colour miniature chariots drawn by a sheep. pulled along by an adult or hitched up reappearance in Europe. Sedan chairs of the livery of the King’s bearers, In the modern era, miniature vehicles to animals, such as sheep or goats, while could be privately owned or hired proposed chair trips for six sols. were to remain a big favourite: every one of the children from the prince’s and were the most widely used form The chairs were used not only to cross young prince had his miniature coach. retinue played the footman, standing of transport for short trips. the courtyards and gardens, but also on the rear platform. inside the Palace. Everyone was allowed At the age of 18 months, Louis XIII In large cities congested with coaches, into the Palace in a Chaise Bleue received several such coaches, These children’s vehicles crafted out the chair offered an attractive alternative: as far as the foot of the King’s Staircase. including one carrying four dolls of the most precious materials by it was less costly, more manoeuvrable They were strictly prohibited, however, and an automaton toy coach “driven the greatest coachbuilders were not mere and every bit as quick in narrow, poorly- in the Marble Courtyard, and by a spring”. Later, the young Louis XIV toys. They were genuine reduced-scale paved streets. It was also more convenient: only the chairs of the royal family were would enjoy himself hunting ducks versions of the latest models featuring carried as it was by two bearers with allowed upstairs. by the Tuileries Canal in a small chariot all their technical innovations.
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