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Ideonella Sakaiensis Bacteria Pdf Ideonella sakaiensis bacteria pdf Continue Ideonella sakaiensis Scientific classification Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Betaproteobacteria Order: Burkholderiales Family: Comamonadaceae Genus: Ideonella Species: I. sakaiensis Binomial name Ideonella sakaiensisYoshida et al. 2016 (1) Ideonella sakaiensis is a bacterium from the genus Ideonella and the Comamonadaceae family, capable of breaking and consuming plastic polyethylene terephtalat (PET) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The bacterium was originally isolated from a sediment sample taken outside a plastic bottle processing plant in Sakai, Japan. Discovery Ideonella sakaiensis was first identified in 2016 by a team of researchers led by Kohei Oda of the Kyoto Institute of Technology and Kenji Miamoto of Keio University after collecting a sample of PET-contaminated sediment near a plastic bottle processing plant in Japan. The bacterium was isolated from a consortium of microorganisms in a sample of sediments, including protozoa and yeast cells. It has been shown that the entire microbial community mineralizes 75% of degraded PET into carbon dioxide after it has been initially degraded and assimilated by I. sakaiensis. The characteristic of Ideonella sakaiensis is gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped. It does not form disputes. The cells are mottled and have one flagellum. I. sakaiensis also tests positive for oxidase and catalase. The bacterium grows in the pH range from 5.5 to 9.0 (optimally at temperatures of 7 to 7.5) and temperature from 15 to 42 degrees Celsius (optimally at 30-37 degrees Celsius). Colonies I. sakaiensis are colorless, smooth and round. Its size ranges from 0.6-0.8 microns wide and 1.2-1.5 microns in length. It has been shown that the bacterium grows on PET surfaces in a community with other I. sakaiensis cells, adhering to PET and other cells with thin appendages. These appendages can also function to release PET-degrading enzymes on the PET surface. Thanks to phylogenetic analysis, the species was shown as part of the genus Ideonella, but possessed a much different genome than other known species in the genus, including Ideonella dechloratans and Ideonella azotifigens, thus justifying its classification as a new species. Degradation and assimilation of PET Ideonella sakaiensis cells stick to the PET surface and use secreted PET hydrolase, or PETase, to degrade PET into mono (2- hydroxyethyl)terephthalic acid (MHET), heteterodimer consisting of terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycolia. I. sakaiensis PETase operates by hydrolysing ester bonds present in PET with high specificity. As a result, MHET then degrades into two monomeric components of the lipid-anchor MHET hydrolase enzyme, or MHETase, on the outer cell membrane. Ethylene glycol is easily taken and used by I. sakaiensis and many other bacteria. Terephthal more recalcitrant connection, imported into the I. cell sakaiensis through the transporter protein terephtalic acid. Once in the cell, the molecule of aromatic terephthalic acid is oxidized by terephtalic acid-1.2-dioxygenase and 1.2-dihydroxy-3.5-cyclokhesadien-1.4-dicarboxylat dehydrogenase in catechol intermediate. The catechol ring is then splits by PCA 3.4-dioxygenase before the compound is integrated into other metabolic pathways (e.g. TCA cycle). As a result, both molecules derived from PET are used by the cell to produce energy and create the necessary biomolecules. After all, assimilated carbon can be mineralized for carbon dioxide and released into the atmosphere. The impact and application Discovery Of Ideonella sakaiensis has a potential value for the degradation of PET plastics. Prior to its discovery, the only known PET degradors were a small amount of bacteria and fungi, including Fusarium solani, and no organism was definitively known to degrade PET as a major source of carbon and energy. The discovery of I. sakaiensis spurred a discussion about BIO biodegradation as a method of recycling and biorecovery. The wild-type bacterium is able to colonize and break down a thin (0.2 mm thickness) low-crystal (soft) PET film in about six weeks, and the responsible PETase enzyme has been shown to degrade high-crystallity (hard) PET about 30 times slower than low-crystal PET. The large amount of PET produced is highly crystalline (e.g. plastic bottles), so it is believed that any potential use of the enzyme I. sakaiensis PETase in processing programs will need to be preceded by genetic optimization of the enzyme. The MHETase enzyme can also be optimized and used in recycling or biorecovery in combination with the PETase enzyme. It degrades MHET produced by PETase into ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Once formed, these two compounds can be additionally biodestruged into carbon dioxide I. sakaiensis or other microbes, or they can be cleaned and used to produce a new PET in an industrial processing plant. The genetic engineering of the PET degrading enzyme Ideonella sakaiensis, PETase, has been genetically modified to break down PET faster as well as worsen PEF. See also See ideonella sakaiensis in Wiktionary, a free dictionary. Organisms break plastic pet bottles by recycling PETase, an enzyme produced by this bacterium. Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus species capable of destroying polyurethane. Inquiries - Yoshida, S.; Hiraga, K.; Takekhana, T.; Taniguchi, I.; Yamaji, H.; Maeda, J.; Toyohara, K.; Miamoto, K.; Kimura, Y.; Oda, K. (March 10, 2016). A bacterium that degrades and metabolizes poly (ethylene terephthalate). Science. 351 (6278): 1196–1199. Bibkod:2016Sci... 351.1196Y. PMID 26965627. a b c c e f g h i j k l m n Yoshida, Shosuke; Hiraga, Kazumi; Takehana, Toshihiko; Taniguchi, Ikuo; Yamaji, Chironao; Maeda, Yasuhito; Toyohara, Kiyotsuna; Miamoto, Kenji; Kimura, Yoshiharu (March 11, 2016). A bacterium that degrades and metabolizes poly (ethylene terephthalate). Science. 351 (6278): 1196–1199. Bibkod:2016Sci... 351.1196Y. doi:10.1126/science.aad6359. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 26965627. Summary (PDF) (March 30, 2016). b Sombon Tanasupawat; Toshihiko Takehana; Shosuke Yoshida; Kazumi Hiraga; Kohei Oda (August 1, 2016). Ideonella sakaiensis sp. nov., isolated from a microbial consortium that degrades poly (etien terephthalate). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 66 (8): 2813–8. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001058. PMID 27045688. Pierce, BA; Heideman, M.T. (May 1, 1980). Metabolism di (ethylene glycol) (2-(2'-Hydroxyetoxy) ethanol and other short polys (ethylene glycol) with gram-negative bacteria. Microbiology. 118 (1): 21-27. doi:10.10.1099/0021287-118-1-21. ISSN 1350-0872. Coghlan, Andy. Bacteria found to eat pet plastics can help make recycling. A new scientist. Received on March 18, 2016. Al-Saba, 00:00; Ehiya, F.S.; Eshak, G.; Rabies, 00:00; ElMetwally, A.E. (March 2016). Green routes for the processing of polyethylene terephthalate. Egyptian Petroleum Journal. 25 (1): 53–64. doi:10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.03.001. Characteristics and design of plastic degrading aromatic polyesterase External references type of strain Ideonella sakaiensis on BacDive - Bacterial diversity metadata base extracted from This student page was not curated. Ideonella sakaiensis Introduction Discovery Of Bacteria, Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6T, was published in the journal Science in March 2016. The new species was identified by microbiologists from the Kyoto Institute of Technology and Keio University when they tried to collect samples of sediment, soil and sewage that were contaminated with poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) near plastic recycling bottles in Sakai, Japan. An intriguing characteristic of this new bacterium is its ability to eat this type of plastic that was previously thought to be one of the most sadly resistant materials (1). The basic characteristic of Ideonella sakaiensis is Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore formation, rod-shaped bacteria. It has a polar flagellum that allows mobility. In addition, the strain has been positive for both catalase and cytochrome oxidase tests. The bacterium grew best at 30-37 degrees Celsius and 7.0-7.5 pH, but was able to survive between 15 and 42 degrees Celsius and 5.5-9.0 pH. (2). Metabolism Although scientists initially discovered numerous different types of microbes that appear to be destroying PET, they eventually determine what sakaiensis was the only one that could consume plastic waste and assimilate it for growth. This strain can use plastic as both a carbon and an energy source by hydrolyzing PET. The intermediate reaction is formed in this process, the mono (2-hydroxyethyl) tereftalic acid is converted using two powerful enzymes, into two non-carbon monoxide called terthalic acid and ethylene glycol (1). After studying bacterial metabolism more closely, scientists now believe that the bacteria is first attached to the plastic with the help of some kind of short hand, like appendages. Next, it secretes one exoenzyme, which generates the aforementioned chemical intermediate. Once the PET is significantly degraded, the material can be taken into the cell, where the second enzyme catabolically breaks it down for metabolic use. Researchers found that the microbe consumed by PET comprehensively and after six months, the plastic was almost completely depleted at 30 degrees Celsius. Future applications Because PET is a plastic component found in most water bottles, polyester clothing and dinner trays, scientists hope that bacterial species can be used for widespread biodegradation. When used commercially, experts predict that the
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