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NYMPHICIDAL EFFECT of VEGETAL EXTRACTS of Annona Mucosa

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NYMPHICIDAL EFFECT of VEGETAL EXTRACTS of Annona Mucosa 217 NYMPHICIDAL EFFECT OF VEGETAL EXTRACTS OF Annona mucosa AND Anonna crassiflora (MAGNOLIALES, ANNONACEAE) AGAINST RICE STALK STINK BUG, Tibraca limbativentris (HEMIPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE)1 DIONES KRINSKI2 & ANGÉLICA MASSAROLI3 ABSTRACT- This study aimed to verify the chloroform-methanol nymphicidal action of extracts of Annona mucosa leaves and seeds and of A. crassiflora seeds on second instar nymphs of rice stalk stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris. For each extract the concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 8.0%, and two control treatments (water and Tween80®) were used. The results show that the seed extracts of A. mucosa and A. crassiflora have insecticidal activity against the T. limbativentris nymphs with statistical significance for all concentrations when compared with controls. The seed extract of A. mucosa showed the higher toxicity with greater than 75% mortality at a concentration of 1.0% in the first 24 h after application. The leaf extract of A. mucosa presented the lowest toxicity with no more than 40% mortality. The seed extract of A. crassiflora showed intermediate toxicity among all the tested extracts, and the nymph’s mortality exceeded 80% for the highest concentration after 120 h of application. Considering these results, we were able to observe that the seeds extract of A. mucosa may be an alternative for the control of bed bug nymphs T. limbatriventris, especially for small producers. Index terms: inseticidal plants, biological insecticide, alternative control, phyto-insecticide. EFEITO NINFICIDA DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS DE Annona mucosa E Annona crassiflora (MAGNOLIALES, ANNONACEAE) SOBRE O PERCEVEJO-DO-COLMO DO ARROZ, Tibraca limbativentris (HEMIPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE). RESUMO - Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a ação ninficida dos extratos clorofórmio-metanólico de folhas e sementes de Annona mucosa e de sementes de A. crassiflora sobre ninfas de segundo instar do percevejo-do-colmo do arroz, Tibraca limbativentris. Para cada extrato, foram utilizadas concentrações de 0,5%; 1,0%; 2,0%; 4,0%; 8,0%; e dois tratamentos-controle (Tween 80® e água). Os resultados mostram que os extratos de sementes de A. mucosa e de A. crassifloraapresentaram atividade inseticida sobre ninfas de segundo instar de T. limbativentris em todas as concentrações, quando comparadas com os controles. O extrato de sementes de A. mucosa foi o que apresentou maior toxicidade com mortalidade maior que 75% na concentração de 1,0 % do extrato, nas primeiras 24 h após a aplicação. O extrato de folhas de A. mucosa apresentou a menor toxicidade, não ultrapassando 40% de mortalidade. O extrato de sementes de A. crassiflora apresentou toxicidade intermediária entre todos os extratos testados, e a mortalidade das ninfas passou dos 80% na maior concentração, após 120 h da aplicação. Diante destes resultados, nota-se que o extrato de A. mucosa pode ser uma alternativa para o controle de ninfas do percevejo T. limbatriventris, principalmente para pequenos produtores. Termos para indexação: plantas inseticidas, inseticida biológico, controle alternativo. 1(Trabalho 205-13). Recebido em: 20-05-2013. Aceito para publicação em: 05-02-2014. V Congresso Internacional & Encontro Bra- sileiro sobre Annonaceae: do gene à exportação (19 a 23 de Agosto de 2013). Botucatu-SP. 2Doutorando em Zoologia. Mestre em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade. Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Bairro Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Email: [email protected] 3Mestre em Zoologia. Bióloga. Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Bairro Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Email: [email protected] v. 36, edição especial, e., p. 217-224, Fevereiro 2014 218 NYMPHICIDAL EFFECT OF VEGETAL EXTRACTS... or incipient, and thus must be further studied. INTRODUCTION Therefore, due to the necessity of seeking alternative Rice is the basic food for more than half of methods that stipulate a less impactful agriculture the world’s population and presents one of the best on the environment, this study aims to verify nutritional balancing, responsible for providing the nymphicidal action of chloroform-methanol 20% and 15% of the energy and protein needed for extracts of Annona mucosa leaves and seeds and of human nourishment (AZAMBUJA et al., 2004). Annona crassiflora seeds on second instar nymphs During its cultivation a rice crop can be affected by of rice stalk stink bug, T . limbativentris. invasive plants, phytophagous insects and diseases that can reduce significantly the productivity and MATERIAL AND METHODS grain quality up to 90% (FERREIRA et al., 1997; MARTINS et al., 2009). Among the main pests that Plant material and preparation of extracts attack rice crop the stink bug Tibraca limbativentris - The plant species used on bioassays were Annona Stal, 1860 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidade), also known mucosa and A. crassiflora (Annonaceae). Fruits and as brown stink bug, rice stem bug, rice stalk stink leaves of A. mucosa were collected in the urban area bug and stink bug large of rice, is one of the most of Tangará da Serra-MT and fruits of A. crassiflora important pests for rice crops in Brazil (FERREIRA in the Cerrado area, both in July 2012. Exsicates of et al., 1986). This species has a wide geographical these species were deposited at TANG Herbarium distribution in the Neotropics (FERNANDES e of the Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, GRAZIA, 1998) occurring in all regions of rice campus of Tangará da Serra (UNEMAT/CUTS). To cultivation in Latin America (MARTINS et al., obtain the extracts, plant parts (seeds and leaves) 2004). It is considered a pest in countries such were collected, dried in forced circulation stove air as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, at 40 ° C for 72 h. The dried material was triturated Dominican Republic and Venezuela (PANTOJA et in a grinder type knife and sent to the Laboratory of al., 2007). Carbohydrate Chemistry, at the Universidade Federal The rice stalk stink bug is a hard insect pest do Paraná (UFPR), where the de-lipidification during to control in all rice production areas in Brazil, 3 days with organic solvents such as chloroform- regardless of the production system used (MARTINS methanol (2:1) using a soxhlet extractor apparatus et al., 2009). According to Souza et al. (2009), the warmed at 60 °C until exhaustion (when there had no most used way to control T. limbativentris is through more material for extraction). The extracted material chemical products, and active registered ingredients was rota-evaporated at 40° C to remove the solvent are the phytosanitary pesticide system (AGROFIT) and to obtain the crude extract. From these extracts, composed of tiometoxam (neonicotinoid), cyfluthrin dilutions were made at the concentrations used in (pyrethroid), lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid) and the bioassays. malotina (organophosphate) (MAPA, 2010). Considering the current effects caused by the Collection of nymphs - The nymphs were use of chemicals in agriculture, a viable alternative obtained from eggs laid by females of T. limbativentris for the control of this insect would be to use established at greenhouse located at The Brazilian insecticidal plants extracts, which have low toxicity Agricultural Research, National Research Center and little persistence in the environment (COSTA of Rice and Beans (EMBRAPA/CNPAF), Santo et al., 2004). In this context, plants of Annonaceae Antônio de Goiás/GO, Brazil (6°28´S; 49°17´W; family come up as a promising alternative for 823m). The egg-nymph development has been general pest control, since acetogenins can be found monitored daily, from hatching to the 2nd instar. In within their composition, which are compounds the bioassays there were used 2nd instar nymphs up that have a high insecticidal potential (ALALI et to 24 h. This nymphal stage was used considering that al., 1999). Some studies reporting the insecticidal within this period of development that the nymphs properties of Annonaceae were primarily tested to begin to attack the stalks of rice. And from this instar control insect disease vectors such as mosquitoes the nymphs begin to migrate for off the colonies (Diptera) and several species of triatomine bugs (which are usually in the leaves) into the plant stems. (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) (CARNEIRO et al., This movement blocks further strategies to control 2011; 2013; COSTA et al., 2012; DILL et al., 2012; this insect pest in subsequent instars (FERREIRA MORAES et al., 2011). Researches that reported et al., 1997). the Annonaceou’s bioactivity on mortality of stink bugs (mainly on pentatomids) are nonexistent v. 36, edição especial, e., p. 217-224, Fevereiro 2014 DIONES KRINSKI & ANGÉLICA MASSAROLI 219 Bioassay - The bioassay was performed at the However, studies on the bioactivity of Laboratory of Entomology in EMBRAPA/CNPAF. Annonaceae extracts about stink bugs pentatomids We used a completely randomized design with five are still scarce, and the first studies performed in treatments and two controls with ten repetitions each Brazil were made by Souza et al. (2007) using containing ten 2nd instar nymphs of the stink bug A. coriacea and Cordeiro (2007) with extracts T. limbativentris. For each extract that was used the of A. crassiflora, both on stink bug Dichelops concentrations varied from 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).
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