Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Ben Machree Waste Water Pumping Station Decommissioning EA

PIF P1078-0018-2018 LARA WOOD (P1078)

REGION OF PEEL

PART OF LOTS 11 AND 12, BROKEN FRONT CONCESSION, TOWNSHIP OF TORONTO, CITY OF MISSISSAUGA, REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF PEEL, PROVINCE OF ONTARIO

ORIGINAL REPORT PROJECT NO.: 161-13700-00 DATE: NOVEMBER 2018

WSP 582 LANCASTER STREET WEST KITCHENER, ON, CANADA N2K 1M3

FAX: +1 519 743-8778 WSP.COM

November-29-2018 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA

Part of Lots 11 and 12, Broken Front Concession, Township of Toronto, City of Mississauga, Regional Municipality of Peel

Prepared for: Region of Peel 10 Centre Drive, 4th Floor, Suite A Brampton, ON L6T 4B9

582 Lancaster Street West Kitchener, ON, Canada N2K 1M3

Tel.: +1 519 743-8777 Fax: +1 519 743-8778 wsp.com

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

WSP was retained by the Region of Peel to conduct a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of lands to be impacted by the Ben Machree Waste Water Pumping Station Decommissioning in the City of Mississauga. The study area is located on Part of Lots 11 and 12, Broken Front Concession, Township of Toronto, City of Mississauga, Regional Municipality of Peel, Ontario.

This archaeological assessment has been triggered by the Client’s intent to proceed with a Class EA study for the proposed waste water pumping station decommissioning. The Region of Peel is the approval authority under the Environmental Assessment Act. The approval process includes the requirement for an archaeological assessment as one of the conditions for development approval to ensure that the proponent meets their legal obligations under the Ontario Heritage Act.

Archaeological recommendations have been made based on the background historic research, locations of known or registered archaeological sites, previous archaeological assessments, and results of property inspection as outlined in the 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. These recommendations include the following:

1 The portion of the study area located in greenspace in Ben Machree Park requires Stage 2 test pit survey at 5 m interval following Section 2.1.2 in the S&G’s (2011). 2 Should the proposed impacts extend beyond the road platform and associated ditching, Stage 2 test pit survey at 5 m interval following Section 2.1.2 in the S&G’s (2011) will be required. 3 The remainder of the study area has been identified as disturbed or previously assessed. No further assessment is required in accordance with Section 1.4.1 standard f. 4 Should previously undocumented deeply buried archaeological materials be discovered, they may constitute a new site and are therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the material must cease work immediately and a provincially licensed consultant archaeologist must assess the material’s cultural heritage value or interest in accordance with Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act.

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PRO JECT PERSONNEL

WSP

Project Manager Lara Wood, MA (P1078) Professional Archaeologist

Field Director Andrew Turner, HBA (R1042) Archaeologist

Ayla Mykytey, BA (R1002) Archaeologist

Report Preparation Andrew Turner

Mapping/GIS Andrew Turner

Report Review Lara Wood

Admin/Document Control Lyn Pedersen

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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY II PROJECT PERSONNEL III

1 PROJECT CONTEXT 1 1.1 Objectives ...... 1 1.2 Development Context ...... 1 1.3 Historical Context ...... 1 1.3.1 Historical Documentation ...... 1 1.3.2 Pre-Contact Period ...... 1 1.3.3 General History in the Post Contact Period ...... 3 1.3.4 Review of Nineteenth Century Maps ...... 4 1.3.5 Review of Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Aerial Photographs ...... 4 1.3.6 Summary ...... 4 1.4 Archaeological Context ...... 4 1.4.1 Current Conditions ...... 4 1.4.2 Physiography and Ecology ...... 4 1.4.3 Previous Archaeological Assessments ...... 5 1.4.4 Registered Archaeological Sites ...... 6 1.4.5 Listed and Designated Heritage Properties ...... 7 1.4.6 Summary ...... 7

2 FIELD METHODS 8 2.1 Property Inspection ...... 8 2.2 Record of Finds ...... 8 2.3 Inventory of Documentation Records ...... 8

3 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS 9 3.1 Archaeological Potential ...... 9 3.2 Analysis ...... 9 3.3 Conclusions ...... 9

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4 RECOMMENDATIONS 10

5 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION 11

6 REFERENCES 12

7 IMAGES 14

8 FIGURES 24

FIGURES FIGURE 1: TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 25 FIGURE 2: STUDY AREA MAP ...... 26 FIGURE 3: HISTORICAL MAPPING (1859) ...... 27 FIGURE 4: HISTORICAL MAPPING (1877) ...... 28 FIGURE 5: AERIAL IMAGE (1954) ...... 29 FIGURE 6: PREVIOUS ASSESSMENTS ...... 30 FIGURE 7: RESULTS MAP ...... 31

APPENDICES A FEATURES INDICATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL B PHOTOGRAPH LOCATIONS C DEVELOPMENT PLAN

TABLES

TABLE 1: REPORTS DOCUMENTING WORK WITHIN 50 M OF STUDY AREA ...... 5 TABLE 2: REGISTERED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES WITHIN 1 KM OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 6 TABLE 3: LISTED AND DESIGNATED HERITAGE PROPERTIES ...... 7

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1 PROJECT CONTEXT

1.1 OBJECTIVES In accordance with the provisions of the Ontario Heritage Act (R.S.O. 1990, c.o. 18) and in compliance with the objectives set out in Section 1.0 and 2.0 of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTCS 2011:13-41), this Stage 1 archaeological investigation was carried out in order to: provide information concerning the geography, history and current land condition of the study area, determine the presence of known archaeological sites and past archaeological assessments in the study area, and evaluate in detail the archaeological potential of the study area.

1.2 DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT WSP was retained by the Region of Peel to conduct a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of lands to be impacted by the Ben Machree Waste Water Pumping Station Decommissioning in the City of Mississauga. The study area is located on Part of Lots 11 and 12, Broken Front Concession, Township of Toronto, City of Mississauga, Regional Municipality of Peel, Ontario (Figure 1).

The Ben Machree study area consisted of approximately 0.95 ha area within the Ben Machree municipal park, Godfrey’s Lane, Ben Machree Drive, and Pine Street Right-of-Ways, and Port Credit’s Imperial Oil lands. The Stage 1 property inspection of the study area was completed on November 1 and 12, 2018 under an archaeological consulting license (#1078) issued to Lara Wood of WSP. Permission to access the property to conduct the property inspection was granted by the client and no limits were placed on this access.

1.3 HISTORICAL CONTEXT

1.3.1 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTATION

The study area is located on Part of Lots 11 and 12, Broken Front Concession, Township of Toronto, Peel County.

The property falls within the lands of the Head of the Lake Purchase (Treaty 14), 1806 (Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, 2016).

The following sections provide a brief outline of the study area history during the pre-contact and post-contact periods to provide a generalized chronological framework in which the archaeological assessment was conducted.

1.3.2 PRE-CONTACT PERIOD

Paleoindian period populations were the first to occupy what is now southern Ontario, moving into the region following the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet approximately 11,000 years before present (BP). The first Paleoindian period populations to occupy southern Ontario are referred to as Early Paleoindians (Ellis and Deller, 1990).

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Early Paleoindian period groups are identified by their distinctive projectile point morphologies, exhibiting long grooves, or ‘flutes’, that likely functioned as a hafting mechanism (method of attaching the point to a wooden stick). These Early Paleoindian group projectile morphologies include Gainey (ca. 10,900 BP), Barnes (ca. 10,700 BP), and Crowfield (ca. 10,500 BP) (Ellis and Deller, 1990). By approximately 10,400 BP, Paleoindian projectile points transitioned to various unfluted varieties such as Holcombe (ca. 10,300 BP), Hi Lo (ca. 10,100 BP), and Unstemmed and Stemmed Lanceolate (ca. 10,400 to 9,500 BP). These morphologies were utilized by Late Paleoindian period groups (Ellis and Deller, 1990).

Both Early and Late Paleoindian period populations were highly mobile, participating in the hunting of large game animals. Paleoindian period sites often functioned as small campsites where stone tool production and maintenance occurred (Ellis and Deller, 1990).

By approximately 8,000 BP the climate of Ontario began to warm. As a result, deciduous flora began to colonize the region. With this shift in flora came new faunal resources, resulting in a transition in the ways populations exploited their environments. This transition resulted in a change of tool kits and subsistence strategies recognizable in the archaeological record, resulting in what is referred to archaeologically as the Archaic period. The Archaic period in southern Ontario is divided into three phases: the Early Archaic (ca. 10,000 to 8,000 BP), the Middle Archaic (ca. 8,000 to 4,500 BP), and the Late Archaic (ca. 4,500 to 2,800 BP) (Ellis et al., 1990).

The Archaic period is also marked by population growth. Archaeological evidence suggests that by the end of the Middle Archaic period (ca. 4,500 BP) populations were steadily increasing in size (Ellis et al., 1990). Over the course of the Archaic period, populations began to rely on more localized hunting and gathering territories. By the end of the Archaic period, populations were utilizing more encampments that are seasonal. From spring to fall, settlements would exploit lakeshore/riverine locations where a broad-based subsistence strategy could be employed, while the late fall and winter months would be spent at interior sites where deer hunting was likely a primary focus with some wild edibles likely being collected (Ellis et al., 1990). This steady increase in population size and adoption of a more localized seasonal subsistence strategy eventually evolved into what is termed the Woodland period.

The Woodland period is characterized by the emergence of ceramic technology for the manufacture of pottery. Similar to the Archaic period, the Woodland period is separated into three primary timeframes: the Early Woodland (approximately 2,800 to 2,000 BP), the Middle Woodland (approximately 2,000 to 1,200 BP), and the Late Woodland (approximately 1,200 to 350 BP) (Spence et al., 1990; Fox, 1990).

The Early Woodland period is represented in southern Ontario by two different cultural complexes: the Meadowood Complex (ca. 2,900 to 2,500 BP), and the Middlesex Complex (ca. 2,500 to 2,000 BP). During this period, the life ways of Early Woodland populations differed little from that of the Late Archaic with hunting and gathering representing the primary subsistence strategies. The pottery of this period is characterized by its relatively crude construction and lack of decorations. These early ceramics exhibit cord impressions, likely resulting from the techniques used during manufacture (Spence et al., 1990).

The Middle Woodland period is differentiated from the Early Woodland period by changes in lithic tool morphologies (projectile points) and the increased elaboration of ceramic vessels (Spence et al., 1990). In southern Ontario, the Middle Woodland is observed in three different cultural complexes: the Point Peninsula Complex to the north and northeast of Lake Ontario, the Couture Complex near Lake St. Claire, and the Saugeen Complex throughout the remainder of southern Ontario. These groups can be identified by their use of either dentate or pseudo scalloped ceramic decorations. It is by the end of the Middle Woodland period that archaeological evidence begins to suggest the rudimentary use of maize (corn) horticulture (Warrick, 2000).

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The adoption and expansion of maize horticulture during the Late Woodland period allowed for an increase in population size, density, and complexity among Late Woodland populations. As a result, a shift in subsistence and settlement patterns occurred, with the adoption of a more sedentary village life and reliance on maize horticulture, with beans, squash, and tobacco also being grown. Nearing the end of the Late Woodland period (approximately 600 BP) villages reached their maximum size. During this period, increased warfare resulted in the development of larger villages with extensive palisades.

Early contact with European settlers at the end of the Late Woodland period resulted in extensive change to the traditional lifestyles of most populations inhabiting southern Ontario. Trade with the Europeans lead to dependency on European goods and incited conflict between the First Nations in southern Ontario (Warrick, 2000).

1.3.3 GENERAL HISTORY IN THE POST CONTACT PERIOD

The County of Peel, as part of Upper Canada, was largely settled in 1819 by United Empire Loyalists. The land within the area was sold in parcels to individuals as well as awarded to soldiers in lots under the stipulation that a percentage of the land be cleared and planted. After the Municipal Act of 1849, Upper Canada was sectioned into Townships to reflect land division in Britain, linking the County of Peel with those of York and Ontario. However, in 1867, due to the desire of counties to retain greater control of their affairs, the County of Peel broke away from York and Ontario as an independent county (Loverseed, 1987).

In the 18th century, the mouth of the Credit River had become an important location for First Nations and colonial fur traders to meet and exchange goods. From 1783 to 1787 the British government negotiated a series of treaties to acquire lands along the north shore of Lake Ontario from the Mississauga of New Credit with the exception of a portion of land that ran between Etobicoke Creek and Burlington Bay, which came to be known as the ‘Mississauga Tract’. The land surrounding the tract was used to settle United Empire Loyalists that were displaced from the American colonies during the American Revolutionary War (Riendeau, 1985). In 1805, another land purchase was conducted by the British government and the newly acquired land was divided into three townships: Nelson Township, Trafalgar Township and Toronto Township (Riendeau, 1985).

The Toronto Township surveys were completed in 1805, and settlement began soon after. Much of the land was used for farming and many small hamlets began to form throughout the township (Mississauga Heritage, 2012).

In 1834, Old Port Credit Village was surveyed and settlers began building cottages in the area. By 1844, the population has reached 150, and had a Methodist church, blacksmith shop, schoolhouse, post office, and other small businesses. Timber from the area was used for shipbuilding, and salmon fishing was prosperous until pollution from the mills affected the Credit River by the late 1840s. The area soon became a busy shipping center and the population reached 400 by the mid-1850s. The introduction of the Great Western Railway (GWR) to the area aided communication and travel from Port Credit to both Toronto and Hamilton, however, it also diverted a portion of the shipping activity away from the harbour. In 1855, the harbour suffered from a fire, causing the shipping activity to be further affected. By the mid-1860s, the population decreased to 350. Stonehooking soon became a prosperous business in the Port Credit area. Large schooners would collect stones from the bottom of Lake Ontario, which would be sold as building materials to Toronto and the other surrounding settlements. Port Credit also became a destination for fishing, and soon cottages and shopping areas were constructed for summer residents. By 1900, the population had increased to 650, making Port Credit the largest village in Toronto Township (Riendeau, 1985).

In 1909, Port Credit became a Police Village as its population had reached 750 residents. By 1914, Port Credit incorporated as a Village. The Lakeshore Highway was opened in 1915, which allowed American tourists to easily visit the area. When the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW) was completed in 1939, this allowed for rapid population expansion. Port Credit transitioned into a commuter village, with many of its residents working in Toronto. The population reached 2000 by 1946. By 1961, Port Credit acquired Town status after its population had increased to over 6500 (Clarkson, 1967).

The Toronto Township area developed further and the small villages in the area became more established. In 1968, the Town of Mississauga was created. In 1974, the Town of Mississauga amalgamated with the towns of Port Credit and Streetsville, and with parts of the townships of Toronto Gore and Trafalgar, to become the City of Mississauga (Mississauga Heritage, 2012).

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1.3.4 REVIEW OF NINETEENTH CENTURY MAPS

The nineteenth century maps reviewed include G.R. and G.M. Tremaine’s Map of the County of Peel, Canada West (1859) (Figure 3) and Walker & Miles’ Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Peel, Ont. (1877) (Figure 4).

The study area is located in the Broken Front Concession on lots owned by F.C. Capreol (Figure 3) (Tremaine, 1859). No structures are indicated on the map, although the proximity to a historic roadway indicates archaeological potential. Similarly, no structures are indicated on the 1877 Walker and Miles’ map either within or in close proximity to the study area. The Walker and Miles’ map indicates that the lot is now owned by the Peel Manufacturing Company (Figure 4).

1.3.5 REVIEW OF TWENTIETH AND TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

A review of a 1954 aerial photograph demonstrates that the study was already an established residential neighbourhood, with the northern section dominated by the Imperial Oil Facility (Figure 5). Currently, the study area has maintained its residential character and does not appear to have undergone extensive redevelopment. The Imperial Oil Facility is no longer in use, and the facility demolished. Redevelopment of the lands is in progress (Figure 7b).

1.3.6 SUMMARY

First Nations people have been known to inhabit the region from the Paleo-Indian period (11,000 BP) to the present. Given the proximity to Lake Ontario, the mouth of the Credit River, and resources (both food and water), these areas would have been used frequently by the Indigenous populations prior to contact. Indigenous use of the land post- contact was also thoroughly documented, as the lands surrounding the Credit River were retained by the Mississaugas until 1820. Historic Euro-Canadian settlement of the area began at the turn of the 19th century utilizing Port Credit as a shipping centre. The mouth of the Credit River had been important for the trade and exchange of goods between Indigenous populations and colonists.

1.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT

1.4.1 CURRENT CONDITIONS

The study area consists of 0.95 ha linear sections tied to the Godfrey’s Lane, Ben Machree Drive, and Pine Avenue Right-of-Ways, as well as a linear portion running through Ben Machree Park and along the west edge of the former Imperial Oil Lands.

1.4.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGY

The study areas are located within the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest region of southern Ontario, which is dominated by hardwood forests including maple, oak, yellow birch, and white and red pine. The study area is located within the Iroquois Plain physiographic region, described as a former zone of beaches off of ancient glacial Lake Iroquois (Chapman & Putnam 1984: 190). the Iroquois Plain physiographic region that borders the western portion of Lake Ontario from the Niagara River to the Trent River (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 190-196). The Iroquois Plain was formed as a result of glacial recession and the emptying of Lake Iroquois towards New York State and is comprised of myriad soil variations within the general area (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 190).

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The study area is contained within the Credit River Watershed, and falls within the Lake Ontario Shoreline West Tributaries subwatershed (Credit Valley Conservation, 2009). Increased sedimentation has the likelihood to underly the subject property and surrounding area.

The study area is found in the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone, in the Lake Erie-Lake Ontario Ecoregion (Ecoregion 7E) (Crins et al. 2009). This Ecoregion covers approximately 2.2% of Ontario, spreading from Windsor and Sarnia east to the Niagara Peninsula and Toronto. Climatic and geological characteristics for this ecoregion are provided below, along with a brief description of dominant vegetation and wildlife species.

The climate is hot and moist in the summer and cool in the winter, with a mean annual temperature range of 6.3 to 9.4 degrees Celsius. Limestone bedrock of primarily Devonian and Silurian ages underlays the Ecoregion. Surface topography is generally flat and overlain with deep undulating ground moraine deposits. Historic lakes that once occupied the Ecoregion have left substantial glaciolacustrine deposits in many areas.

The study area soil is Chinguacousy Clay Loam, which is described as a grey-brown podzolic soil with imperfect drainage (Hoffman & Richards, 1953).

1.4.3 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS

The Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport’s (MTCS) Ontario Archaeological Sites Database (OASD) and the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports was consulted to determine whether any archaeological assessments had been previously conducted within the limits of, or immediately adjacent to the study area. It was determined that there are at least three reports documenting work within 50 m of the study area (Table 1).

A Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment was completed by Golder Associates in 2012 (P218-263-2012) prior to development on portions of the properties at 375 Lakeshore Road West and 14 Ben Machree Drive. No archaeological resources were recovered by this assessment.

The Stage 1 archaeological assessment of Lakeshore Road as part of the Front Street Waste Water Diversion Class EA was completed by WSP Canada Inc. on behalf of the Region of Peel in 2017 (P474-0021-2017). This assessment found that portions of the study area held archaeological potential and would require archaeological assessment, while the remainder had been disturbed by the construction of roads and installation of utilities.

The Stage 1 archaeological assessment for the proposed mixed use redevelopment of properties at 70 Mississauga Road South and 181 Lakeshore Road West was completed by A.M. Archaeological Associates on behalf of the City of Mississauga in 2017 (P158-033-2017). This assessment concluded that archaeological potential has been removed from the entire 70 Mississauga Road and 181 Lakeshore road west study area by intensive and extensive disturbance.

Table 1: Reports documenting work within 50 m of study area

RESEARCHER PI # PIF # TITLE OF R TITLE OF REPORT EPORT Golder Associates P218-263-2012 Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment 375 Lakeshore Rd. West and 14 Ben Machree Dr. Part Lot 12, Concession Broken Front, Geographic Township of Toronto City of Mississauga, Ontario

WSP Canada Inc. P474-0021-2017 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Front Street Station Waste Water Diversion Class Environmental Assessment Lakeshore Road From Front Street to 50m West of Ibar Way, Regional Municipality of Peel, Former Geographic Township of Toronto, Historic Peel County, Province of Ontario

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A.M. Archaeological P158-033-2017 The Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment for the Property Known as Associates 70 Mississauga Road South and 181 Lakeshore Road West, City of Mississauga (Lots 9, 10, and Part Lot 11, Broken Front Concession, Geo. Township of Toronto, South, County of Peel)

1.4.4 REGISTERED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

A search of the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database revealed that 21 archaeological sites are registered within a 1 km radius of the study area and are listed in Table 2 below. No archaeological sites have been registered within 50m of the study area.

Table 2: Registered Archaeological Sites Within 1 km of the study area BORDEN SITE TIME AFFINITY SITE TYPE CURRENT STATUS NUMBER NAME PERIOD AjGv-9 Avonbridge Archaic Aboriginal Other camp/campsite AjGv-84 Kane Post- Unknown Further CHVI Contact, Woodland AjGv-83 AjGv-083 Archaic, , Aboriginal camp / campsite Further CHVI Late, Archaic, Middle, Woodland AjGv-75 AjGv-75 Pre- Aboriginal scatter Contact AjGv-74 Stavebank Archaic, Aboriginal Road site Late, Woodland, Middle AjGv-73 AjGv-73 Pre- Aboriginal scatter Contact, Woodland, Middle AjGv-71 James Taylor AjGv-57 Other Other burial_ AjGv-50 Atoka Woodland, Aboriginal scatter Early, Woodland, Middle AjGv-5 Glenburny Pre- Aboriginal Other camp/campsite Contact AjGv-49 Klinker Archaic, Aboriginal scatter Late AjGv-48 Pre- Aboriginal findspot Contact AjGv-47 Pre- Aboriginal findspot Contact AjGv-46 Pre- Aboriginal findspot Contact AjGv-4 Stillmeadow

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BORDEN SITE TIME AFFINITY SITE TYPE CURRENT STATUS NUMBER NAME PERIOD AjGv-32 Scott- Archaic, O'Brien Middle, Woodland, Early, Woodland, Middle AjGv-17 Nunan AjGv-13 Fort Post- Mississauga village Toronto Contact AjGv-11 Port Street AjGv-10 Stavebank AjGv-1 Hare Archaic, Aboriginal Other camp/campsite Woodland, Middle

1.4.5 LISTED AND DESIGNATED HERITAGE PROPERTIES

A review of the Mississauga Heritage Designated Properties indicated that there are three listed and one designated heritage properties in close proximity to the study area, shown in Table 4 below.

Table 3: Listed and Designated Heritage Properties BUILDING TYPE ADDRESS RECOGNITION Single Detached 1 Godfrey’s Lane (John A. Walker Cottage) Listed on the municipal Residence heritage register Single Detached 20 Ben Machree Drive (Hobberlin House) Listed on the municipal heritage Residence register Single Detached 26 Ben Machree Drive Listed on the municipal heritage Residence register Single Detached 305 Lakeshore Road West (Hill Gatehouse/ Designated under Part IV of the Residential/ Commercial Dudgeon Cottage) Ontario Heritage Act (By-law Building 260-2011)

1.4.6 SUMMARY

The study area consists of 0.95 ha located in the Regional Municipality of Peel.

A search of the OASD indicated that 21 archaeological sites are registered within 1km of the study area, none of which fall within 50 m. There are also three reports documenting work within 50 m. In addition, four heritage properties are found in close proximity to the study area.

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2 FIELD METHODS

2.1 PROPERTY INSPECTION The entire study area (100%) was subject to a Stage 1 property inspection as per Section 1.2 of the S&Gs (MTCS 2011) (Figures 7a and 7b). A property inspection consists of a visit to the property to gain first-hand knowledge of its geography, topography, current conditions, and to evaluate and map the archaeological potential. All encountered field conditions were photo-documented (Figure 7a and 7b, Images 1 to 20). GPS coordinates for all photo locations appear in Appendix B. The assessment was undertaken during overcast conditions with cool temperatures (10ºC) and good lighting. At no time during the assessment did weather conditions adversely affect visibility.

Approximately 82% of the Ben Machree study area (0.784 ha) was visually determined to be disturbed by roadway construction and drainage accommodation (Images 1 to 14, 16 to 20). This includes the ROW for Godfrey’s Lane, Ben Machree Drive, and Pine Avenue. Another 17% of the study area (0.1616 ha) has been previously assessed and requires no further archaeological assessment. The only area identified to have archaeological potential is Ben Machree park (1%, 0.0087 ha) (Image 15).

2.2 RECORD OF FINDS The Stage 1 archaeological assessment included a property inspection only and did not include excavation of collection of archaeological resources.

2.3 INVENTORY OF DOCUMENTATION RECORDS The following list represents all the documentation taken in the field relating to this project and is being retained by WSP:

— 6 pages of field notes — 75 digital photographs in JPG format — GPS readings taken during the property inspection and survey

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3 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS

3.1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL A number of factors are employed in determining archaeological potential. Features indicating archaeological potential can be found in Appendix A.

Criteria for pre-contact archaeological potential is focused on physiographic variables that include distance from the nearest source of water, the nature of the nearest source/body of water, distinguishing features in the landscape (e.g. ridges, knolls, eskers, wetlands), the types of soils found within the area of assessment and resource availability. Also considered in determining archaeological potential are known archaeological sites within or in the vicinity of the study area. Historic research provides the basis for determining historic archaeological potential. Historical maps and aerial photographic evidence and a property inspection of the study area all assist in determining historic archaeological potential. Additionally, the proximity to historic transportation corridors such as roads, rail and water courses also affect the historic archaeological potential.

The study area is near both the Credit River and Lake Ontario, is in proximity to previously registered archaeological sites, and fronts along a historic transportation route. In addition, four heritage properties are in close proximity to the study area. As such the property exhibits archaeological potential.

3.2 ANALYSIS The study area is situated between Lake Ontario and a historic transportation route (Lakeshore Road West), with four heritage properties in close vicinity, all indicating archaeological potential. However, the results of the property inspection indicate that the entirety of the Godfrey’s Lane, Ben Machree Drive, and Pine Avenue Right-of-Ways have been disturbed by roadway construction, which has removed the archaeological potential for the vast majority of the study area. Should the proposed impacts extend beyond the road platform and associated ditching, Stage 2 assessment will be required in these areas. The part of the study area located in Ben Machree Park has not undergone extensive development and retains archaeological potential and therefore requires test pit survey at a 5m interval as per Section 2.2 of the S&Gs (MTCS 2011).

The possibility for deeply buried archaeological resources should not be ruled out due to the study area’s proximity to Lake Ontario. Given the mature nature of the neighbourhood, and the year of initial construction, a less intrusive construction style may have capped archaeological deposits.

3.3 CONCLUSIONS WSP has completed the Stage 1 archaeological assessment of the study area. A systematic property inspection was completed across the study area, and identified one area of archaeological potential in Ben Machree Park that requires further archaeological assessment. The remainder of the study area has been disturbed by previous construction activities and utility installation.

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4 RECOMMENDATIONS

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5 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION

This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism and Culture as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18. The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (2011a) that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, a letter will be issued by the Ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development.

It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological fieldwork on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act.

The Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c.33 requires that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Consumer Services.

Archaeological sites recommended for further archaeological fieldwork or protection remain subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act and may not be altered, or have artifacts removed from them, except by a person holding an archaeological licence.

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6 REFERENCES

A.M. Archaeological Associates 2017 The Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment for the Property Known as 70 Mississauga Road South and 181 Lakeshore Road West, City of Mississauga (Lots 9, 10, and Part Lot 11, Broken Front Concession, Geo. Township of Toronto, South, County of Peel)

Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam 1984 The Physiography of Southern Ontario (3rd edition). Government of Ontario, Toronto.

Clarkson, Betty 1967 Credit Valley Gateway: The Story of Port Credit. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

Credit Valley Conservation 2009 The Credit Valley Conservation Watershed. Retrieved from https://cvc.ca/wp- content/uploads/2011/07/Watershed11x17_CVC.pdf.

Crins, W.J., P.A. Gray, P.W.C. Uhlig and M.C. Wester 2009. The Ecosystems of Ontario, Part 1: Ecozones and Ecoregions. Technical Report SIB TER IMA TR-01. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Science & Information Branch (Inventory, Monitoring and Assessment Section), Peterborough, Ontario.

Ellis, C.J. and D.B. Deller 1990 Paleo-Indians. In The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650, Ed C.J. Ellis and N. Ferris, pp. 37- 74. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, OAS No. 5. London: Ontario Archaeology Society.

Ellis, C.J., I.T. Kenyon, and M.W. Spence 1990 The Archaic. In The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650, Ed C.J. Ellis and N. Ferris, pp. 65- 124. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, OAS No. 5. London: Ontario Archaeology Society.

Fox, W. 1990 The Middle Woodland to Late Woodland Transition. In The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650, Ed C.J. Ellis and N. Ferris, pp. 171-188. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, OAS No. 5. London: Ontario Archaeology Society.

Golder Associates 2012 Stage 1-2 Archaeological Assessment 375 Lakeshore Rd. West and 14 Ben Machree Dr. Part Lot 12, Concession Broken Front, Geographic Township of Toronto City of Mississauga, Ontario

Hoffman, D. W. and N. R. Richards 1953 Soil Survey of Brant County. Report No. 18 of the Ontario Soil Survey. Experimental Farms Service, Canada Department of Agriculture and the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario.

Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. 2016 Treaty Texts – Upper Canada Land Surrenders. Retrieved from https://www.aadnc- aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370372152585/1370372222012

Loverseed, H. 1987 An Illustrated History of Brampton. Windsor Publications Ltd., Burlington Ont.

Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS) 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Toronto: MTCS. 2018 Ontario Archaeological Sites Database (OASD). Toronto: MTCS.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 12 Region of Peel

Mississauga Heritage 2012 Heritage Guide of Mississauga. Mississauga, ON.

Riendeau 1985 Mississauga: An Illustrated History. Windsor Publications, Ltd.

Spence, M.W., R.H. Pihl, and C. Murphy 1990 Cultural Complexes of the Early and Middle Woodland Periods. In The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650, Ed C.J. Ellis and N. Ferris, pp. 125-170. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, OAS No. 5. London: Ontario Archaeology Society.

University of Toronto 2009 Digital Aerial Photographs, Southern Ontario 1954 – West Index. Available online at: http://maps.library.utoronto.ca/data/on/AP_1954/ indexwest.html.

Warrick, G. 2000 The Precontact Iroquoian Occupation of Southern Ontario. Journal of World Prehistory 14(4):415-456.

WSP Canada Inc. 2017 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Front Street Station Waste Water Diversion Class Environmental Assessment Lakeshore Road From Front Street to 50m West of Ibar Way, Regional Municipality of Peel, Former Geographic Township of Toronto, Historic Peel County, Province of Ontario

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 13 Region of Peel

7 IMAGES

Image 1: View facing northwest showing disturbance due to condominium development.

Image 2: View northwest showing disturbance due to roadway construction.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 14 Region of Peel

Image 3: View northwest showing disturbance due to roadway construction.

Image 4: View northwest showing disturbance due to roadway construction.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 15 Region of Peel

Image 5: View facing southwest showing disturbance due to roadway construction.

Image 6: View facing southwest showing disturbance due to roadway construction.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 16 Region of Peel

Image 7: View facing northeast showing disturbance due to road construction.

Image 8: View facing east showing disturbance from roadway construction, drainage accommodations and utility installations.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 17 Region of Peel

Image 9: View facing east showing disturbance from roadway construction and drainage accommodations.

Image 10: View facing east showing disturbance from roadway construction.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 18 Region of Peel

Image 11: View facing east showing disturbance from roadway construction.

Image 12: View facing east showing disturbance from roadway construction.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 19 Region of Peel

Image 13: View facing southwest showing disturbance from roadway construction.

Image 14: View facing northwest showing disturbance due to roadway construction.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 20 Region of Peel

Image 15: View facing northeast showing area requiring Stage 2 assessment.

Image 16: View facing northwest showing disturbance from roadway construction.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 21 Region of Peel

Image 17: View facing northwest showing disturbance from roadway construction.

Image 18: View facing northwest showing disturbance from roadway construction.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 22 Region of Peel

Image 19: View facing northwest showing disturbance due to roadway construction.

Image 20: View facing northwest showing disturbance due to roadway construction.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 23 Region of Peel

8 FIGURES

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA, Regional Municipality of Peel November 2018 Project No. 161-13700-00 Page 24 Region of Peel

BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA - PROJECT LOCATION 1:25,000 FIGURE 1

LEGEND

Study Area

1:200,000 ±

PROJECT: PROJECT NO.: DRAWN BY: STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 161-13700-00 AST BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA CLIENT: DATE: CHECKED BY: Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, 0 300 600 1,200 FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China m REGION OF PEEL 16/11/2018 LEW (Hong Kong), swisstopo, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community ± BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA - STUDY AREA MAP 1:3,000 FIGURE 2

T S H E LEGEND G W I H T E E R PIN T Study ArEeAa S VEN UE NO RTH

MA PL E A VEN UE T NO S RT E H W P IN D E A A O V E R N U E E R S O O H U S T E H K A L

B MA RO PLE AD AV A VIE EN VEN W UE UE SO UTH

BE N M ACH REE DR IVE

GO DFR EYS LA NE

C RO C ZIE OU R RT 1:200,000 ±

PROJECT: PROJECT NO.: DRAWN BY: STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 161-13700-00 AST BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA CLIENT: DATE: CHECKED BY: Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, 0 35 70 140 FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China m REGION OF PEEL 16/11/2018 LEW (Hong Kong), swisstopo, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community ± BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA - HISTORICAL MAPPING (1859) 1:10,000 FIGURE 3

LEGEND

Toronto_Tow...

Study Area

PROJECT: PROJECT NO.: DRAWN BY: STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 161-13700-00 AST BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA Service Layer Credits: , Map of the County of Peel, Canada West (G.R. & G.M. Tremaine 1859) CLIENT: DATE: CHECKED BY: 0 120 240 480 REGION OF PEEL 16/11/2018 LEW m ± BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA - HISTORICAL MAPPING (1877) 1:10,000 FIGURE 4

LEGEND

Study Area

PROJECT: PROJECT NO.: DRAWN BY: STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 161-13700-00 AST BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA CLIENT: DATE: CHECKED BY: Service Layer Credits: Township of Toronto from Illustrated Historic Atlas of the County of Peel 0 120 240 480 (Walker & Miles 1877) REGION OF PEEL 11/11/2018 LEW m ± BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA - AERIAL IMAGE (1954) 1:10,000 FIGURE 5

LEGEND

Study

PROJECT: PROJECT NO.: DRAWN BY: STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 161-13700-00 AST BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA CLIENT: DATE: CHECKED BY: Service Layer Credits: Aerial Image (1954) 0 120 240 480 REGION OF PEEL 16/11/2018 LEW m ± BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA - PREVIOUS ASSESSMENTS 1:4,726 FIGURE 6

LEGEND

Study Area

Company

A.M. Archaeological Associates (P158-0033-2017)

Golder 2012 (PIF #P218-263-2012)

WSP (PIF #P474-0021-2017)

PROJECT: PROJECT NO.: DRAWN BY: STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 161-13700-00 AST BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA CLIENT: DATE: CHECKED BY: Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus 0 55 110 220 DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community REGION OF PEEL 16/11/2018 LEW m ± # #* BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA - RESULTS MAP 1:1,700 FIGURE 7a

# #* LEGEND

# 1# 8 *# Photo Locations #*

Study Area # 17#*

Survey Method

16#*

# * Previously Assessed - No Further Work 13# # #* #*# Disturbed - No Further Work

Test Pit at 5m Interval Required

* # *# 6# # ## 12 *7

*# # *# #

11 *# *# 10 # #

9 8

# * 5#

# 1 # # #* 2#* 3#*

# 4#*

PROJECT: PROJECT NO.: DRAWN BY: STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 161-13700-00 AST BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA CLIENT: DATE: CHECKED BY: Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus 0 20 40 80 DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community REGION OF PEEL 16/11/2018 LEW m ± BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA - RESULTS MAP 1:1,700 FIGURE 7b

LEGEND

# *# Photo Locations

Study Area

Survey Method

Previously Assessed - No Further Work

Disturbed - No Further Work

Test Pit at 5m Interval Required

# 20#*

# 19#*

# 18#*

# 17#*

16#*

# * 13# # 14#* # #*15

PROJECT: PROJECT NO.: DRAWN BY:

STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 161-13700-00 AST

BEN MACHREE WWPS DECOMMISSIONING EA # *# # CLIENT#: DATE: CHECKED BY: Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Ge#ographics, CNES/Airbus 0 20 40 80 DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community *# REGION OF PEEL 16/11/2018 LEW m ± *# # *# # *# *# # #

# # #* #* APPENDIX

A FEATURES INDICATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

Page 33

FEATURES INDICATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

The following are features or characteristics that indicate archaeological potential:

— Previously identified archaeological sites. — Water sources: ▪ Primary water sources (lakes, rivers, streams, creeks). ▪ Secondary water sources (intermittent streams and creeks, springs, marshes, swamps). ▪ Features indicating past water sources (e.g. glacial lake shorelines, relic river or stream channels, shorelines of drained lakes or marshes, cobble beaches). ▪ Accessible or inaccessible shoreline (e.g. high bluffs, swamp or marsh fields by the edge of a lake, sandbars stretching into marsh). — Elevated topography (e.g. eskers, drumlins, large knolls, plateaux). — Pockets of well-drained sandy soil, especially near areas of heavy soil or rocky ground. — Distinctive land formations that might have been special or spiritual places, such as waterfalls, rock outcrops, caverns, mounds, and promontories and their bases. — Resource areas, including: ▪ Food or medicinal plants (e.g. migratory routes, spawning areas, prairie). ▪ Scarce raw materials (e.g. quartz, copper, ochre, or outcrops of chert). ▪ Early Euro-Canadian industry (e.g. fur trade, logging, prospecting, mining). — Areas of early Euro-Canadian settlement. These include places of early military or pioneer settlement (e.g. pioneer homesteads, isolated cabins, farmstead complexes), early wharf or dock complexes, pioneer churches and early cemeteries. — Early historical transportation routes (e.g. trails, passes, roads, railways, portage routes). — Property listed on a municipal register or designated under the Ontario Heritage Act or that is federal, provincial or municipal historic landmark or site. — Property that local histories or informants have identified with possible archaeological sites, historic events, activities, or occupations

SOURCE

Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists Section 1.3.1

APPENDIX

B PHOTOGRAPH LOCATIONS

Page 1

PHOTOGRAPH LOCATIONS

IMAGE ZONE EASTING NORTHING DIRECTION 1 17T 613487 4821868 NW 2 17T 613577 4821835 NW 3 17T 613707 4821790 NW 4 17T 613840 4821735 NW 5 17T 613883 4821776 SW 6 17T 613899 4821835 SW 7 17T 613883 4821832 NE 8 17T 613806 4821834 E 9 17T 613702 4821869 E 10 17T 613600 4821908 E 11 17T 613526 4821936 E 12 17T 613463 4821977 E 13 17T 613952 4821897 SW 14 17T 614012 4821870 NW 15 17T 614021 4821861 NE 16 17T 613952 4821908 NW 17 17T 613888 4821942 NW 18 17T 613834 4821988 NW 19 17T 613772 4822037 NW 20 17T 613696 4822096 NW GPSmap 64st (NAD 83)

APPENDIX

C DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Page 0

PIF P474-0021 -2017 DALE LANGFORD – P474

REGION OF PEEL STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FRONT STREET STATION WASTEWATER DIVERSION CLASS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

LAKESHORE ROAD FROM FRONT STREET TO 50M WEST OF IBAR WAY, REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF PEEL, FORMER GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF TORONTO, HISTORIC PEEL COUNTY, PROVINCE OF ONTARIO

Prepared for:

Region of Peel Peel Centre Drive, Suite A Brampton, ON L6T 4B9

REVISED REPORT MARCH 2019

WSP Canada Inc. 582 Lancaster Street W., Kitchener, Ontario, CANADA N2K 1M3 Phone: +1 519-743-8777 Fax: +1 519-743-8778 www.wspgroup.com

STAGE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FRONT STREET CATCHMENT AREA DIVERSION SEWER

LAKESHORE ROAD FROM FRONT STREET TO 50M WEST OF IBAR WAY, REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF PEEL, FORMER GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF TORONTO, HISTORIC PEEL COUNTY, PROVINCE OF ONTARIO

Project No.: 161-13700-00

April 2019

WSP Canada Inc. 582 Lancaster Street W. Kitchener, Ontario N2K 1M3

Phone: +1 519-743-8777 Fax: +1 519-743-8778 www.wspgroup.com

Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

WSP Canada Inc. was retained by the Region of Peel to conduct a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Lakeshore Road from Front Street to 50m west of Ibar Way, Regional Municipality of Peel, Former Geographic Township of Toronto, Historic Peel County, in the Province of Ontario.

This assessment was completed to support the evaluation of alternatives as part of the Front Street Wastewater Diversion Class Environmental Assessment. The archaeological assessment has been triggered by the Region’s intent to proceed with infrastructure works associated with the Front Street Station. The Region of Peel is the approval authority under the Environmental Assessment Act. The approval process includes the requirement for an archaeological assessment as one of the conditions for development approval to ensure that the proponent meets their legal obligations under the Ontario Heritage Act.

Archaeological activities were carried out in accordance with the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2011). This study involved a review of documents pertaining to the property including historic maps, aerial photographs and local histories. A property inspection was conducted on February 10, 2017. Field notes and photographs of the property were taken during the inspection. The photograph locations and directions were noted and all photographs were catalogued. Locations of images presented in this report can be found on Figures 6a-d.

Archaeological recommendations have been made based on the background historic research, locations of known or registered archaeological sites, previous archaeological assessments, and indicators of archaeological potential. These recommendations include the following:

1) Portions of the study area were determined to hold archaeological potential. These areas must be subject to Stage 2 test pit survey at 5m intervals as per Sections 2.1.2 and 2.1.3 (MTCS, 2011) if they will be impacted (Figures 6a-d). In areas that appear to have been disturbed by superficial landscaping activities, disturbance must be confirmed as per Section 2.1.8 (MTCS, 2011).

2) The portion of the study area that lies within the property limits at St Mary Star of the Sea Roman Catholic Church holds potential for deeply buried archaeological resources (Figure 6a). This area is overlaid by an ashphalt parking lot, and as such the Stage 2 assessment should be completed as per Section 2.1.7 of the S&Gs (MTCS, 2011) for deeply buried survey. Trenches must be excavated at 10m intervals across the area to determine the presence or absence of archaeological materials or foundations below the parking lot surface. If a conclusive determination regarding the presence of deeply buried sites cannot be made, the consultant archaeologist must monitor any ground disturbing activities within this location.

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Front Street Station Wastewater Diversion Class EA Project No 161-13700-00 April 2019 Full exposure and excavation of all impact areas is recommended. The subsoil must then be examined for the presence or absence of features, such as grave shafts, cut into the natural subsoil. For areas located within the existing Lakeshore Road W and John Street S roadway, it is evident that site disturbance associated with road and infrastructure construction has occurred resulting in extensive land alteration. As such, these areas should be subject to archaeological monitoring during construction activities to assess the level of disturbance and, in the event that undisturbed soils are encountered, examine these soils for evidence of unmarked burial features.

4) The remainder of the Stage 1 study area is determined to hold low archaeological potential due to previous site disturbance resulting from various construction or demolition activities, the presence of water saturated sediments, or the presence of steeply sloped terrain (Figures 6a-d). As per Section 2.1 Standard 2 (MTCS, 2011), Stage 2 archaeological assessment is not required for these areas.

WSP Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Project No. 161-13700-00 Front Street Station Wastewater Diversion Class EA April 2019 ToC

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 PROJECT CONTEXT ...... 1

1.1 OBJECTIVES ...... 1

1.2 DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT ...... 1

1.3 HISTORICAL CONTEXT ...... 1 1.3.1 HISTORIC DOCUMENTATION ...... 1 1.3.2 PRE-CONTACT PERIOD ...... 2 1.3.3 STUDY AREA SPECIFIC HISTORY IN THE POST CONTACT PERIOD ...... 3 1.3.4 SUMMARY ...... 4

1.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT ...... 4 1.4.1 CURRENT CONDITIONS ...... 4 1.4.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY ...... 4 1.4.3 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS ...... 5 1.4.4 REGISTERED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ...... 5 1.4.5 SUMMARY ...... 6

2 FIELD METHODS ...... 6

2.1 PROPERTY INSPECTION ...... 6

2.2 RECORD OF FINDS ...... 8

2.3 INVENTORY OF DOCUMENTATION RECORDS ...... 8

3 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 9

3.1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL ...... 9

3.2 CONCLUSIONS ...... 10

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Front Street Station Wastewater Diversion Class EA Project No 161-13700-00 April 2019 4 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 11

5 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION ...... 12

6 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES ...... 13

7 IMAGES ...... 15

9 FIGURES ...... 22

A PPENDIC ES

Appendix A Features Indicating Archaeological Potential

Appendix B Photograph Locations

WSP Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Project No. 161-13700-00 Front Street Station Wastewater Diversion Class EA April 2019 Personnel

PROJECT PERSONNEL

Project Manager Dale Langford, MES (P474) Archaeologist

Field Director Dale Langford

Report Preparation Dale Langford

Mapping/GIS Dale Langford

Report Review Douglas A. Yahn, MES, CAHP (P365) Senior Archaeologist

Administrative Support Lyn Pedersen Administrative Supervisor

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Front Street Station Wastewater Diversion Class EA Project No 161-13700-00 April 2019

1 PROJECT CONTEXT

1.1 OBJECTIVES The objective of a Stage 1 background study is to evaluate in detail the property's archaeological potential, which will support recommendations for Stage 2 survey for all or parts of the property and to recommend appropriate strategies for Stage 2 survey (if required). In support of the determination of archaeological potential, the Stage 1 will provide information about the property's geography, history, previous archaeological fieldwork and current land condition. The Stage 2 survey provides an overview of archaeological resources on the property and a determination of whether any of the resources may be artifacts and archaeological sites with cultural heritage value or interest.

1.2 DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT WSP Canada Inc. was retained by the Region of Peel (hereby referred to as the ‘Client’) to conduct a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Lakeshore Road from Front Street to 50m west of Ibar Way, Regional Municipality of Peel, Former Geographic Township of Toronto, Historic Peel County, in the Province of Ontario.

The Stage 1 archaeological assessment study area (hereby referred to as the ‘study area’) is comprised of lands identified within the overall Class EA study area as being subjected to potential site disturbance and development. No detailed design currently exists for the project area. As such, the boundaries of the assessment correspond to maps provided at the outset of the investigation (Figures 1 and 2).

Permission to access the property to conduct the property inspection was granted by the Client and no limits were placed on this access during the Property Inspection.

1.3 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 1.3.1 HISTORIC DOCUMENTATION The study area is located along Lakeshore Road from Front Street to 50m west of Ibar Way, Regional Municipality of Peel, Former Geographic Township of Toronto, Historic Peel County, in the Province of Ontario. Sources such as the Map of the County of Peel, Canada West (G.R. & G.M. Tremaine 1859), the Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Peel, Ontario (Walker & Miles 1877), and the 1910 and 1928 fire insurance plans for the Town of Port Credit are available to provide insight into the early contact period use and development of the study area.

Further information for the development of the study area from 1960-present is available through aerial and satellite imagery (accessible online through the Toronto Archives 2017 and Google Earth 2017).

WSP Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Project No. 161-13700-00 Front Street Station Wastewater Diversion Class EA April 2019 2

1.3.2 PRE-CONTACT PERIOD Paleoindian period populations were the first to occupy what is now southern Ontario, moving into the region following the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet approximately 11,000 years before present (BP). The first Paleoindian period populations to occupy southern Ontario are referred to as Early Paleoindians (Ellis and Deller 1990:39).

Early Paleoindian period groups are identified by their distinctive projectile point morphologies, exhibiting long grooves, or ‘flutes’, that likely functioned as a hafting mechanism. These Early Paleoindian group projectile morphologies include Gainey (ca. 10,900 BP), Barnes (ca. 10,700), and Crowfield (ca. 10,500) (Ellis and Deller 1990:39-43). By approximately 10,400 BP, Paleoindian projectile points transitioned to various un-fluted varieties such as Holcombe (ca. 10,300 BP), Hi-Lo (ca. 10,100 BP), and Unstemmed and Stemmed Lanceolate (ca. 10,400 to 9,500 BP). These morphologies were utilized by Late Paleoindian period groups (Ellis and Deller 1990:40).

Both Early and Late Paleoindian period populations were highly mobile, participating in the hunting of large game animals. Paleoindian period sites often functioned as small campsites (less than 200 m2) where stone tool production and maintenance occurred (Ellis and Deller 1990).

By approximately 8,000 BP the climate of Ontario began to warm. As a result, deciduous flora began to colonize the region. With this shift in flora came new faunal resources, resulting in a transition in the ways populations exploited their environments. This transition resulted in a change of tool-kits and subsistence strategies recognizable in the archaeological record, resulting in what is referred to archaeologically as the Archaic period. The Archaic period in southern Ontario is divided into three phases: the Early Archaic (ca. 10,000 to 8,000 BP), the Middle Archaic (ca. 8,000 to 4,500 BP), and the Late Archaic (ca. 4,500 to 2,800 BP) (Ellis et al. 1990).

The Archaic period is differentiated from earlier Paleoindian populations by a number of traits such as: 1) an increase in tool stone variation and reliance on local tool stone sources, 2) the emergence of notched and stemmed projectile point morphologies, 3) a reduction in extensively flaked tools, 4) the use of native copper, 5) the use of bone tools for hooks, gorges, and harpoons, 6) an increase in extensive trade networks, and 7) the production of ground stone tools. Also noted is an increase in the recovery of large woodworking tools such as chisels, adzes, and axes (Ellis et al. 1990:65-66). The Archaic period is also marked by population growth. Archaeological evidence suggests that by the end of the Middle Archaic period (ca. 4,500 BP) populations were steadily increasing in size (Ellis et al 1990). Over the course of the Archaic period populations began to rely on more localized hunting and gathering territories. By the end of the Archaic period, populations were utilizing more seasonal rounds. From spring to fall, settlements would exploit lakeshore/riverine locations where a broad- based subsistence strategy could be employed, while the late fall and winter months would be spent at interior site where deer hunting was likely a primary focus with some wild edibles likely being collected (Ellis et al. 1990:114). This steady increase in population size and adoption of a more localized seasonal subsistence strategy eventually evolved into what is termed the Woodland period.

The Woodland period is characterized by the emergence of ceramic technology for the manufacture of pottery. Similar to the Archaic period, the Woodland period is separated into three primary timeframes: the Early Woodland (approximately 800 BC to 0 AD), the Middle Woodland (approximately 0 AD to 700/900 AD), and the Late Woodland (approximately 900 AD to 1600 AD) (Spence et al. 1990; Fox 1990).

The Early Woodland period is represented in southern Ontario by two different cultural complexes: the Meadowood Complex (ca. 900 to 500 BC), and the Middlesex Complex (ca. 500 BC to 0 AD). During this period the life ways of Early Woodland population differed little from that of the Late Archaic with hunting and gathering representing the primary subsistence strategies. The pottery of this period is characterized by its relatively crude construction and lack of decorations. These early ceramics exhibit cord impressions, likely resulting from the techniques used during manufacture (Spence et al. 1990).

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment WSP Front Street Station Wastewater Diversion Class EA Project No. 161-13700-00 April 2019 3

The Middle Woodland period is differentiated from the Early Woodland period by changes in lithic tool morphologies (projectile points) and the increased elaboration of ceramic vessels (Spence et al. 1990). In southern Ontario the Middle Woodland is observed in three different cultural complexes: the Point Peninsula Complex to the north and northeast of Lake Ontario, the Couture Complex near Lake St. Clair, and the Saugeen Complex throughout the remainder of southern Ontario. These groups can be identified by their use of either dentate or pseudo-scalloped ceramic decorations. It is by the end of the Middle Woodland period that archaeological evidence begins to suggest the rudimentary use of maize (corn) horticulture (Warrick 2000).

The adoption and expansion of maize horticulture during the Late Woodland period allowed for an increase in population size, density, and complexity among Late Woodland populations. As a result, a shift in subsistence and settlement patterns occurred, with the adoption of a more sedentary village life and reliance on maize horticulture, with beans, squash, and tobacco also being grown. Nearing the end of the Late Woodland Period (approximately 1400 AD) villages reached their maximum size. During this period, increased warfare resulted in the development of larger villages with extensive palisades.

Early contact with European settlers at the end of the Late Woodland, Late Ontario Iroquoian period resulted in extensive change to the traditional lifestyles of most populations inhabiting southern Ontario.

1.3.3 STUDY AREA SPECIFIC HISTORY IN THE POST CONTACT PERIOD Following their defeat and of the Huron, Petun, and Neutral Nations in the mid-17th century, the territory of the New York Iroquois expanded north to include the lands of south-central Ontario. The Iroquois remained the primary occupants within the region until the early 1700’s when they abandoned the region. At this time the Mississauga Nation spread into the region to occupy the newly vacated lands.

Contact between First Nations groups and early Euro-Canadian settlers during the initial contact period were limited, consisting primarily of French explorers, missionaries, and traders through the region. It wasn’t until the English defeated the French and took control over what would become Ontario that any serious considerations towards settlement began. By this time the Mississauga Nation was occupying the lands that would later become the Town of Port Credit. By 1798 the British had established a trading post on the east bank of the Credit River. Over the next two decades the Mississauga entered into various treaties and land surrenders with the Crown, resulting in the eventual loss of most of their traditional territory along the Credit River, with a small plot of land reserved for use as a village site, now the site of the Mississauga Golf and Country Club (Heritage Mississauga 2012). By 1847 the increased pressure on land resources due to the expansion of Euro- Canadian settlement resulted in the relocation of the Mississauga who had been living north of Port Credit to their current reserve location of New Credit First Nation near Brantford Ontario (MNCFN 2014).

As previously mentioned, early Euro-Canadian occupation in the study area began with the early trading posts established by the British at the mouth of the Credit River. Further settlement was spurred on by the survey of Toronto Township in 1806. Following the signing of treaties with the Mississauga Nation, new lands were opened to settlers, resulting in the expansion of Euro-Canadian families throughout the region. Port Credit itself was established in 1834, where its function as a harbour resulted in a period of extensive growth until the completion of local railway systems in the mid-1800s. Growth in the community remained slow throughout the remainder of the 19th century until the establishment of larger industries, such as the St. Lawrence Starch Company, brought economic growth to the area. By 1909 Port Credit had grown to the point of recognition as a police village, and in 1914 the community was incorporated as a Village. The Village was later incorporated as a Town in 1961 and was amalgamated to form the City of Mississauga in 1974 (Heritage Mississauga 2012). Today Port Credit functions as a lakeside tourist area and community.

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A review of historic mapping indicates the presence of numerous structure either within or in close proximity to the study area from 1859-1910 (Figures 3-5). Outside of the Port Credit town plot there are structures on Lot 11 Broken Front Concession and Lot 22 Concession 3 SDS (ca. 1859, Figure 3), and Lot 11 Range 1 CRIR and Lot 13 Broken Front Concession (ca. 1877, Figure 4). During property inspection it was noted that these areas now consist of modern housing developments.

Within the Town of Port Credit are a number of significant structures that are observed to either still be present within the study area, or appear to have not been impacted by recent development activities. These include properties associated with structures on section 10 and 11, south side of Lakeshore Road (Toronto Road – Figure 5). Those structures noted during property inspection to still be present within the study area include the Alfred Russell Clarke Memorial Hall and the Methodist Church (located on section 10). No longer standing, but contained within either manicured lawn areas or under paved parking lots are structures located on the northeast corner of section 10, and the original Roman Catholic Church located on section 11 (see also Image 26). The remainder of structures located within the study area appear to have been removed and new structure erected overtop.

1.3.4 SUMMARY First Nations peoples have a deep history of occupation in the area, beginning with the initial migrations of Paleoindian period groups following deglaciation and continuing throughout the early contact period. Following the loss of the Neutral Nation, groups of Anishinabeg peoples moved into the region. These groups, termed the Mississaugas by early Europeans, continued to hunt and fish in the region until the encroachment of Euro-Canadian settlers and increased pressure on resources resulted in the relocation of the Mississauga who had been living north of Port Credit to their current reserve location of New Credit First Nation near Brantford Ontario (MNCFN 2014).

The presence of Euro-Canadian settlers in the area began following the survey of Toronto Township and the signing of various treaties and land surrenders with the Mississauga during the early 1800’s. Port Credit itself was establish in 1834 as a port community, and experienced significant growth until the construction of railways made it obsolete. After this growth remained relatively slow until the establishment of various industries in, or in close proximity to, the community. During the following century the community grew; being designated a police village in 1909, a Village in 1914, and a Town in 1961. In 1974 the Town was amalgamated into the City of Mississauga.

While modern development and urbanization has resulted in the construction of numerous multi story structures in place of the original town buildings, some still remain today.

1.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT 1.4.1 CURRENT CONDITIONS The Stage 1 study area consists of an approximately 2km section of Lakeshore Road, extending from Front Street to 50m west of Ibar Way. The study area also contains all lands located within 30m of the road centre line. The majority of the study area consists of lands that have been subjected to extensive urbanization, including previous roadworks, the installation of various infrastructure services (sewer, water, cable, telephone, etc.), and the construction of new subdivisions or business complexes. Some areas of the study area are observed to contain minimally disturbed manicured lawns, contained primarily in existing park areas, as well as some structures associated with early settlement of the town of Port Credit.

1.4.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GENERAL ECOLOGY The study area is located within the Iroquois Plains physiographic regions in an area defined by sand plain physiographic landforms. The Iroquois Plains region consists of fine-grained lacustrine deposits,

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sloping gently from the Iroquois Beach levels down to Lake Ontario (Chapman and Putnam 1984:190- 196).

A number of waterways are located in close proximity to the study area. Those that are still visible include, from west to east, Lornewood Creek, Tecumseh Creek, and the Credit River. While Lornewood Creek and Tecumseh Creek represent small tributary streams, they would have likely provided valuable resources in the past. The Credit River meanwhile represents a significant waterway with well documented pre-contact and contact period use, illustrated through registered archaeological sites, historic documentation, and historic mapping. Historic mapping also suggests that a small tributary stream once ran through the Town of Port Credit; however, this has since been diverted (Figure 5).

Ecologically the property lies in the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone, in the Lake Erie-Lake Ontario Ecoregion (Ecoregion 7E) (Crins et al. 2009). This Ecoregion covers approximately 2.2% of Ontario, spreading from Windsor and Sarnia east to the Niagara Peninsula and Toronto. The climate is hot and moist in the summer and cool in the winter, with a mean annual temperature range of 6.3 to 9.4 degrees Celsius. This ecoregion is comprised primarily of land converted for pasture and agricultural uses (~78%) and urban/developed land (~7%). Forest cover in the remaining areas consists primarily of dense deciduous (10.3%), sparse deciduous (1.0%), and mixed deciduous forest.

The flora and fauna of the Lake Erie-Lake Ontario Ecoregion are the most diverse in Canada. Characteristic mammals, birds, reptiles and fish include white-tailed deer, northern racoon, striped skunk, Virginia opossum, green heron, Virginia rail, Cooper’s hawk, eastern kingbird, willow flycatcher, brown thrasher, yellow warbler, common yellowthroat, northern cardinal, savannah sparrow, red-backed salamander, American toad, eastern Gartersnake, Midland painted turtle, longnose gar, channel catfish, smallmouth bass, yellow perch, walleye, northern hog sucker, banded killifish, and spot tail shiner. The ecoregion also contains the majority of Ontario’s species at risk due to vast urbanization and habitat loss. Species at risk in Ecoregion 7E include the Acadian flycatcher, king rail, prothonotary warbler, hooded warbler, spiny softshell turtle, blue racer, and smallmouth salamander.

1.4.3 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS A search of the provincial Register by Lot, Concession, Street Name, and key-words indicates that no previous archaeological assessments have been completed for lands located on or within 50m of the study area.

1.4.4 REGISTERED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES An assisted search of the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database of the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport indicated that there are 14 registered archaeological sites located within a 1km radius of the study area (Table 1). Of these, 3 are located in close proximity (300m) to the study area (AjGv-11, AjGv-13, and AjGv-71). All three sites a located south of Lakeshore Road. Unfortunately the OASDB contains limited information regarding these sites, with only AjGv-13 being attributed to a time period (post-contact). No previously identified archaeological sites are located within the study area.

Table 1: Registered archaeological sites located within a 1km radius of the study area.

Borden Cultural Current Site Name Time Period Site Type

Number Affinity Status Archaic, Middle Other- AjGv-1 Hare Laurentian - Woodland Camp/Campsite AjGv-10 Stavebank - - - - AjGv-11 Port Street - - - -

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Borden Cultural Current Site Name Time Period Site Type

Number Affinity Status AjGv-13 Fort Toronto Post-Contact - - -

Middle Archaic, Early Point Other- AjGv-32 Scott-O'Brien Woodland, Middle - Peninsula Camp/Campsite Woodland No Further AjGv-46 - Pre-Contact - Findspot CHVI No Further AjGv-47 - Pre-Contact - Findspot CHVI No Further AjGv-48 - Pre-Contact - Findspot CHVI No Further AjGv-49 Klinker Late Archaic - Lithic Scatter CHVI Early Woodland, No Further AjGv-50 Atoka - Lithic Scatter Middle Woodland CHVI Further AjGv-57 - Other - Burial CHVI AjGv-71 James Taylor - - - - Late Archaic, Middle Brewerton, Other- Further AjGv-83 AjGv-083 Archaic, Woodland Innes Camp/Campsite CHVI Post-Contact, Further AjGv-84 Kane - - Woodland CHVI

1.4.5 LISTED AND DESIGNATED HERITAGE PROPERTIES

Two designated heritage properties are founds within the study area limits. These include the First United Methodist Church and the Russell Clarke Memorial Hall.

1.4.6 SUMMARY The study area is located in the Iroquois Plains physiographic region in an area defined by sand plain physiographic landforms. Ecologically the project area consists of flora and fauna of the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone, Lake Erie-Lake Ontario Ecoregion (Ecoregion 7E).

There are 14 registered archaeological sites within a 1km radius of the study area, of which three are located within 300m. No archaeological sites are located within the study area and no previous archaeological assessments have been conducted on or within 50m of the study area. 2 FIELD METHODS

2.1 PROPERTY INSPECTION A property inspection is a visit to the study area to gain first-hand knowledge of its geography, topography, and current condition and to evaluate and map the archaeological potential.

The property inspection was conducted on February 10, 2017 in order to review study area conditions. The inspection was carried out in clear conditions allowing for 100% ground visibility. The temperature at the time of the property inspection was 2° C.

Inspection began in the eastern section of the study area near the Credit River. This section of property has experienced the most significant urbanization, being located within the original Port

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Credit town plot and in an area frequented by tourists. As a result, archaeological potential has been removed as a result of construction activities, as original structures were replaced with modern offices and businesses (Image 1). One exception to this is a section of manicured lawn located on the bank of the Credit River, north of Lakeshore Road. This area appears to have experienced limited development and still hold significant archaeological potential. On the opposite side of Lakeshore Road is the Port Credit Lighthouse pumping station Research indicates that his structure houses a Peel Region pumping station, and consequently has been subjected to large amounts of disturbance as a result of the installation of water and sewer lines. This area does not retain archaeological potential and will not require firther assessment (Image 27).

Moving west along Lakeshore Road there are three properties of interest. The first contains the original 1870’s Roman Catholic Cemetery adjacent to the St. Mary Star of the Sea Church. This cemetery consists of an elevated section of property with a retaining wall (3-4ft above road) and is bounded on the north and south by Lakeshore Road W and John Street S (Images 2,3, and 5). Sidewalks adjacent to the cemetery show signs of sub-surface utility installation (sewer plates, etc.) suggesting that additional disturbance has occurred.

Adjacent to the cemetery is a section of parking lot that, when referenced to historic mapping and aerial photography (ca. 1960, Image 28), correlates with the location of the original Roman Catholic Church. The cemetery property and adjacent parking lots snf manicured lawn are determined to retain archaeological potential.

Located west of these properties is a manicured lawn associated with the original 1884 First United Methodist Church. This area appears to be undisturbed and retains archaeological potential and will consequently require Stage 2 assessment prior to development (Image 4). Furthermore, historic mapping indicates that the area located northeast of the current church location once held a small, unidentified building (since removed – see Figure 5).

The Alfred Russell Clarke Memorial Hall is located northwest of the Methodist Church. The surrounding property has been disturbed as evidenced by modern signage and lighting, as well as construction of infrastructure. This area does not retain archaeological potential and does not require further assessment (Image 6).

Continuing west, the study area moves outside of the original Port Credit town plot. Along this section there are noticeable levels of modern site disturbance associate with recent urbanization and development. These include lands subject to demolitions and significant grading associated with the removal of a mid-1900 industrial complex (Images 8 and 26), demolition of previous housing/commercial structures (Image 9), and the construction of various modern multi-level structures (Images 10 and 11). The manicured lawns and boulevards along Lakeshore Road West demonstrate signs of disturbance as evidenced by infrastructure such as hydrants and sewer lines and do not retain archaeological potential (Image 26).

At the western extents of the study area areas of manicured lawn within parks were encountered. These areas appear to have been subjected to some level of landscaping; however, the level of disturbance resulting from landscaping does not appear to have altered the properties enough to remove archaeological potential. It was observed that some sections of these areas have been subjected to subsurface disturbance during the installation of subsurface infrastructure associated with sewer and water lines, which has removed archaeological potential.

Additional areas of disturbance were identified adjacent to Lakeshore Road West , as grass boulevards and various backyards associated with adjacent houses was observed. These areas have been subjected to extensive grading activities resulting in steeply sloping terrain, removing archaeological potential.

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Field notes and photographs of the property were taken during the inspection. The photograph locations and directions were noted and all photographs were catalogued. Locations of images presented in this report can be found on Figures 6a-d.

2.2 RECORD OF FINDS A Stage 1 archaeological assessment includes a visual inspection only and does not include excavation or collection of archaeological resources.

2.3 INVENTORY OF DOCUMENTATION RECORDS The following list represents all the documentation taken in the field relating to this project and is being retained by WSP Canada Inc.:

• 2 pages of field notes

• 25 digital photographs in JPG format • GPS readings taken during the property inspection

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3 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS

3.1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL A number of factors are employed in determining archaeological potential. Features indicating archaeological potential can be found in Appendix A.

Criteria for pre-contact archaeological potential is focused on physiographic variables that include distance from the nearest source of water, the nature of the nearest source/body of water, distinguishing features in the landscape (e.g. ridges, knolls, eskers, wetlands), the types of soils found within the area of assessment and resource availability. Also considered in determining archaeological potential are known archaeological sites within or in the vicinity of the study area. Historic research provides the basis for determining historic archaeological potential. Land registry records, historical maps and aerial photographic evidence and a property inspection of the project area all assist in determining historic archaeological potential. Additionally, the proximity to historic transportation corridors such as roads, rail and water courses also affect the historic archaeological potential.

The location of the study area along historic transportation routes (less than 100m), and in close proximity (less than 300m) to primary water sources, registered archaeological sites, and historic structures indicate that the property holds high archaeological potential for the recovery of both pre- contact and contact period archaeological resources.

3.2 ANALYSIS Due to the proximity of modern water sources, early contact period transportation routes, early contact period structures, and registered archaeological sites it is determined that the entire study area holds archaeological potential for the recovery of both pre-contact and early-contact period archaeological sites. A property inspection was conducted on February 10, 2017 to evaluate the current conditions of lands contained within the study area to define areas to be subjected to Stage 2 survey. The results of the property inspection indicate that study area consists of both heavily disturbed terrain, moderately disturbed terrain, and potentially undisturbed areas of manicured lawn.

The results of the property inspection indicate that site development throughout the 20th century has resulted in significant ground disturbance throughout the corridor (Section 1.3.2 MTCS 2011:18-19). The majority of structures previously located along Lakeshore Road have been removed and replaced, with the exception of the First United Church and the Alfred Russell Clarke Memorial Hall (designated under the Ontario Heritage Act). Areas documented as being subjected to modern development and construction are determined to hold low archaeological potential.

All areas located within the study area that were determined to contain either undisturbed sediments or sediments that required confirmation of disturbance require Stage 2 archaeological assessment (Figure 6a-d). The Stage 2 assessment should be conducted using 5m test pit survey methodology as per Standard 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.8 (MTCS, 2011).

Also of significance within the study area is a small cemetery located on the grounds of the St. Mary Star of the Sea Roman Catholic Church and adjacent lands noted to have previously held the original church structure. All lands located within 10m of the identified cemetery boundaries must be subjected to Stage 3 topsoil removal prior to development in order to evaluate the potential for unmarked graves located beyond the cemetery property (MTCS Technical Bulletin July 2012, Figure 6a). As observed during property inspection, the boundaries of the cemetery located adjacent to Lakeshore Road West and John Street South have been graded down approximately 4-5ft, and sub-surface infrastructure installed along the adjacent sidewalk. As such, it is likely that these areas have already been heavily impacted by development. For these areas it is recommended that construction monitoring be conducted in order to confirm the extent of site disturbance, and to evaluate any undisturbed sub-

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soils encountered during site development (Figure 6a). Areas identified as potentially containing foundations associated with the original church structure should be subject to Stage 2 mechanical survey for deeply buried sites to assess the presence of foundation features underneath the paved parking lot as per Standard 2.1.7 (MTCS, 2011).

The remainder of the property is determined to hold low archaeological potential due to site disturbance associated with grading and utility installation along the current Lakeshore Road alignment, the presence of steep slopes, and the presence of water saturated terrain (Figure 6a-d). No archaeological assessment is recommended for the remainder of the property as per Section 2.1 Standard 2 (MTCS, 2011).

3.3 CONCLUSIONS

While the majority of the study area appears has been disturbed by modern construction activities associated with the construction of the road, sidewalks, utilities, and buildings adjacent to the right- of-way, some portions of the study area were determined to hold archaeological potential. These areas must be subject to Stage 2 archaeological assessment if they are to be impacted. The majority of the areas of archaeological potential can be assessed by test pit survey as per Standard 2.1 (MTCS, 2011). The portion of the study area within the St Mary Star of the Sea Roman Catholic Church property requires deeply buried survey methodology as per Section 2.1.7 to adequately survey the areas of archaeologica potential.

Additionally, all lands to be impacted within 10m of the St Mary Star of the Sea Roman Catholic Church cemetery must be subject to a Stage 3 cemetery investigation in order to confirm the presence or absence of graves outside of the cemetery limits. Full exposure and excavation of all impact areas is recommended. Topsoil must be excavated using a machine (e.g., backhoe, excavator, gradall) equipped with a straight-edged bucket. The soil should be removed in thin layers and excavation should proceed according to health and safety regulations. Should a burial be identified, the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c.33 requires that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Burial Sites, War Graves, Abandoned Cemeteries and Cemetery Closures, Ontario Ministry of Government and Consumer Services.

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4 RECOMMENDATIONS

Archaeological activities were carried out in accordance with the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2011).

This study involved a review of documents pertaining to the property including historic maps, aerial photographs and local histories. A property inspection was conducted on February 10, 2017 to review current conditions.

Archaeological recommendations have been made based on the background historic research, property inspection, locations of known or registered archaeological sites, previous archaeological assessments, and indicators of archaeological potential. These recommendations include the following:

3) All lands to be impacted within 10m of the St Mary Star of the Sea Roman Catholic cemetery must be subject to a Stage 3 cemetery investigation to confirm the presence or absence of grave shafts prior to site development or disturbance as per within the project limits as per MTCS Section 2.2, Guideline 4 of the S&Gs (MTCS, 2011) (Figure 6a). The cemetery investigations will require the mechanical removal of the topsoil and any layers of fill down to subsoil within the areas to be impacted by the proposed project. Full exposure and excavation of all impact areas is recommended. The subsoil must then be examined for the presence or absence of features, such as grave shafts, cut into the natural subsoil. For areas located within the existing Lakeshore Road W and John Street S roadway, it is evident that site disturbance associated with road and infrastructure construction has occurred resulting in extensive land alteration. As such, these areas should be subject to archaeological monitoring during construction activities to assess the level of disturbance and, in the event that undisturbed soils are encountered, examine these soils for evidence of unmarked burial features.

4) The remainder of the Stage 1 study area is determined to hold low archaeological potential due to previous site disturbance resulting from various construction or demolition activities, the presence of water saturated sediments, or the presence of steeply sloped terrain (Figures 6a- d). As per Section 2.1 Standard 2 (MTCS, 2011), Stage 2 archaeological assessment is not required for these areas.

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5 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION

Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with Section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act.

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6 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES

Chapman L.J. and D.F. Putnam 1984 The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 2. Ontario, Canada.

Ellis, C.J. and D.B. Deller 1990 Paleo-Indians. In The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650, Ed C.J. Ellis and N. Ferris, pp. 37-74. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, OAS No. 5. London: Ontario Archaeology Society.

Ellis, C.J., I.T. Kenyon, and M.W. Spence 1990 The Archaic. In The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650, Ed C.J. Ellis and N. Ferris, pp. 65-124. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, OAS No. 5. London: Ontario Archaeology Society.

Heritage Mississauga 2009 Port Credit. Website accessed March 15, 2017. URL: http://www.heritagemississauga.com/page/Port-Credit

Lennox, P.A. and W.R. Fitzgerald 1990 The Culture History and Archaeology of the Neutral Iroquoians. In The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650, Ed C.J. Ellis and N. Ferris, pp. 405-456. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, OAS No. 5. London: Ontario Archaeology Society.

Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists.

Mississauga of New Credit First Nation (MNCFN) 2014 Our Culture. Website accessed March 23, 2017. URL: http://www.newcreditfirstnation.com/our-culture.html

Ontario Geological Survey 1991 Bedrock Geology of Ontario, East-central Sheet. Map. 2543, Ontario Geological Survey, Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto, Ontario.

2010 Surficial Geology of Southern Ontario.

Pope, J.H. 1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Peel, Ontario. Walker & Miles. Toronto.

Rowe, J.S. 1972 Forest Regions of Canada. Department of the Environment Canada Forestry Services, Ottawa.

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Tremaine, G.R., and G.M. Tremaine 1859 Tremaine’s Map of the County of Peel, Canada West. Toronto.

Warrick, G. 2000 The Precontact Iroquoian Occupation of Southern Ontario. Journal of World Prehistory 14(4):415-456.

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7 IMAGES

Image 1: View towards the Credit River showing modern Image 2: View towards Roman Catholic cemetery showing urbanization in original town core. retaining wall and grade difference resulting from modern roadworks.

Image 3: View of retaining wall adjacent to Roman Image 4: View of manicured lawn adjacent to United Catholic cemetery. Church. 1910 Fire Insurance Plan mapping indicated the presence of a small structure in this area (Figure 5).

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Image 5: View across Lakeshore Road W showing Image 6: View of the Alfred Russell Clarke Memorial Hall elevated topography of cemetery, and disturbance resulting (Designated under OHA). from modern road works.

Image 7: View of modern construction and urbanization. Image 8: View of ground disturbance associated with the removal of original factory facilities.

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Image 9: View of modern demolition activities resulting in Image 10: View of modern urbanization along roadway ground disturbance. resulting in disturbance.

Image 11: View of modern urbanization along roadway Image 12: View of moderately landscaped manicured lawn resulting in disturbance. associated with Brueckner Rhododendron Gardens.

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Image 13: View of mall creek running though study area Image 14: View of artificially graded/sloped boulevard. into Brueckner Rhododendron Gardens.

Image 15: View of moderately landscaped lawn located Image 16: View of moderately landscaped lawn located within Richard’s Memorial Park. within Richard’s Memorial Park.

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Image 17: View of moderately landscaped lawn located Image 18: View of moderately landscaped lawn located within Richard’s Memorial Park. within Richard’s Memorial Park.

Image 19: View of manhole cover suggesting disturbance. Image 20: View of landscaped lawn adjacent to a parking lot and drainage infrastructure.

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Image 21: View of Richard’s Memorial pumping station. Image 22: View of Richard’s Memorial pumping station and manicured lawn.

Image 23: View of Richard’s Memorial pumping station and Image 24: View of stream running through study area into manicured lawn. Likely some level of subsurface Richard’s Memorial Park. disturbance due to pipelines.

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Image 25: View across Lakeshore Road W towards Image 2 6 : View west of boule vard along the south side of Richard’s Memorial park. Note the disturbance due to Lakeshore Road W. Note sewer grate indicating roadway and sidewalk construction. disturbance.

Image 27: View east Port Credit Pumping Station and lighthouse.

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Image 26: 1960 Aerial imagery of Port Credit showing the original church structure located adjacent to St. Mary’s cemetery; now a paved parking lot (Toronto Archives: Accessed 2017).

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FIGURES

Appendix A

FEATURES INDICATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

FEATURES INDICATING ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTEN TIAL

The following are features or characteristics that indicate archaeological potential:

• Previously identified archaeological sites • Water sources: o primary water sources (lakes, rivers, streams, creeks). o secondary water sources (intermittent streams and creeks, springs, marshes, swamps). o features indicating past water sources (e.g. glacial lake shorelines, relic river. or stream channels, shorelines of drained lakes or marshes, cobble beaches). o accessible or inaccessible shoreline (e.g. high bluffs, swamp or marsh fields by the edge of a lake, sandbars stretching into marsh).

• Elevated topography (e.g. eskers, drumlins, large knolls, plateaux) • Pockets of well-drained sandy soil, especially near areas of heavy soil or rocky ground • Distinctive land formations that might have been special or spiritual places, such as waterfalls, rock outcrops, caverns, mounds, and promontories and their bases

• Resource areas, including: o food or medicinal plants (e.g. migratory routes, spawning areas, prairie). o scarce raw materials (e.g. quartz, copper, ochre or outcrops of chert). o early Euro-Canadian industry (e.g. fur trade, logging, prospecting, mining).

• Areas of early Euro-Canadian settlement. These include places of early military or pioneer settlement (e.g. pioneer homesteads, isolated cabins, farmstead complexes), early wharf or dock complexes, pioneer churches and early cemeteries.

• Early historical transportation routes (e.g. trails, passes, roads, railways, portage routes). • Property listed on a municipal register or designated under the Ontario Heritage Act or that is a federal, provincial or municipal historic landmark or site.

• Property that local histories or informants have identified with possible archaeological sites, historic events, activities, or occupations.

Source: Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists Section 1.3.1

Appendix B

PHOTOGRAPH LOCATIONS

PHOTOGRAPH LO CATIONS

Image Zone Easting Northing Facing 1 17 T 614037 4822801 NE 2 17 T 614071 4822806 SW 3 17 T 614039 4822767 NE 4 17 T 613996 4822710 S 5 17 T 614008 4822761 ENE 6 17 T 613936 4822669 E 7 17 T 613881 4822597 NNE 8 17 T 613728 4822368 NNE 9 17 T 613634 4822283 NNE 10 17 T 613512 4822085 NNE 11 17 T 613432 4822018 NE 12 17 T 613332 4821842 ENE 13 17 T 613321 4821828 S 14 17 T 613107 4821586 NE 15 17 T 613051 4821479 E 16 17 T 613050 4821478 S 17 17 T 613023 4821433 SE 18 17 T 613035 4821379 SE 19 17 T 613064 4821351 SE 20 17 T 613049 4821289 NW 21 17 T 612997 4821293 NW 22 17 T 612928 4821296 E 23 17 T 612936 4821324 SE 24 17 T 612963 4821407 S 25 17 T 612988 4821430 SW 26 17 T 613891 4822566 SW 27 17 T 614131 4822879 NE

Source: GPSmap 62s (NAD 83)

PIF P1078-0018-2018 LARA WOOD – P1078

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Ben Machree Waste Water Pumping Station Decommissioning EA

REGION OF PEEL

PART OF LOTS 11 & 12, BROKEN FRONT CONCESSION, TOWNSIP OF TORONTO, CITY OF MISSISSAUGA, REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF PEEL, PROVINCE OF ONTARIO

RECORD OF ENGAGEMENT PROJECT NO.: 161-13700-00 DATE: NOVEMBER 2018

WSP 582 LANCASTER STREET WEST KITCHENER, ON, CANADA N2K 1M3

FAX: +1 519 743-8778 WSP.COM

November-29-2018

Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Ben Machree Waste Water Decommissioning EA

Part of Lots 11 & 12, Broken Front Concession, Township of Toronto, City of Mississauga, Regional Municipality of Peel

Prepared for: Region of Peel 10 Centre Drive, 4th Floor, Suite A Brampton, ON L6T 4B9

RECORD OF INDIGENOUS ENGAGEMENT

Indigenous engagement was conducted as part of the Stage 1 archaeological assessment of the Ben Machree Waste Water Pumping Station Decommissioning project. In keeping with the requirements set out in Section 7.6.2 of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists, a description of New Directions Archaeology Ltd.’s involvement in the process of engagement appears below. The draft technical bulletin on Engaging Aboriginal Communities in Archaeology was consulted for guidance on reporting on the engagement process. Based on the expression of interest outlined by Section 2.1.3 in the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation (MNCFN) Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology, MNCFN was engaged at this stage of the archaeological process.

WSP’s role in the engagement process was to provide summaries of completed work, and track all points of engagement. The engagement process consisted of correspondence with the coordinator to request culturally specific information and to provide information updates. Table 1 provides a summary of engagement events that occurred during the Stage 1 archaeological assessment.

Table 1: Summary of Engagement Events FIRST NATION DATE ENGAGEMENT EVENT NATURE Mississaugas of the New November-01-18 Initial communication regarding commencement of Ben Email Credit First Nation Machree WWPS Decommissioning Project. (MNCFN) November-28-18 Follow up e-mail inquiring if any culturally relevant Email information should be included. Response received indicating MNCFN had no additional information to contribute. November-29-18 Circulation of draft report for review and comments. Email

It is our understanding that the results of the engagement process and the archaeological field investigations were regularly provided to each Indigenous community through their coordinators.

Turner, Andrew

From: Megan DeVries Sent: November-28-18 3:12 PM To: Turner, Andrew Cc: Wood, Lara Subject: RE: Ben Machree WWPS Decommissioning EA Stage 1 AA

Hi Andrew,

Unfortunately, after checking internally, it does not appear that we have any information to contribute to the background study at this time.

Sincerely, Megan.

From: Turner, Andrew [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Wednesday, November 28, 2018 2:07 PM To: Megan DeVries Cc: Wood, Lara Subject: RE: Ben Machree WWPS Decommissioning EA Stage 1 AA

Hi Megan,

I just wanted to touch base to see if there’s any information you’d be able to provide to help inform the background study?

We are in the process of finalizing and editing a draft copy of the report and will send it along shortly for review and comments.

Thanks, Andrew

Andrew Turner, BA Archaeologist Environment

T +1-289-678-0347

M +1 647-295-5061

4 Hughson Street South Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z1 Canada

1 wsp.com

From: Megan DeVries [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: November‐01‐18 11:56 AM To: Turner, Andrew Cc: Betkova, Martina ; Wood, Lara Subject: RE: Ben Machree WWPS Decommissioning EA Stage 1 AA

Hi Andrew,

Thank you for contacting us. I have distributed the request internally and will follow up if we have any information to provide which can help inform the background study.

Additionally, as always, we request a copy of the draft report when available for review and comments.

Sincerely, Megan.

Megan DeVries, M.A. Archaeological Operations Supervisor Department of Consultation and Accommodation (DOCA) Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation (MNCFN) 4065 Highway 6 North, Hagersville, ON N0A 1H0 P: 905‐768‐4260 | M: 289‐527‐2763 http://www.mncfn.ca

This email and any files transmitted with it are confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. If you are not the intended recipient you are notified that disclosing, copying, distributing or taking any action in reliance on the contents of this information is strictly prohibited. Please note that any views or opinions presented in this email are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation.

From: Turner, Andrew [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Wednesday, October 31, 2018 3:14 PM To: Megan DeVries Cc: Betkova, Martina ; Wood, Lara Subject: Ben Machree WWPS Decommissioning EA Stage 1 AA

Greetings,

On behalf of Peel Region, WSP is conducting a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment for the Ben Machree Waste Water Pumping Station Decommissioning Environmental Assessment and wishes to reach out to MNCFN for input on the evaluation of cultural heritage value or interest of the study area, in order to develop a comprehensive background study for the project as per MNCFN’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology Section 2.1.3. This project is being completed as an addendum to the previous Front Street WW Project (previously known as Port Credit/Richard’s Memorial Park) associated with PIF 1078-0009-2018.

WSP recognizes the valuable contribution that MNCFN traditional knowledge makes in recognition of cultural heritage value as well as the importance of the participation of Indigenous communities within the archaeological process. We welcome any input with regards to the assessment of the project study area. 2

A map of the study area location has been included with this letter for your consideration. Please feel free to contact us with any questions you may have about the project.

Regards,

Andrew Turner, BA Archaeologist Environment

T +1-289-678-0347

M +1 647-295-5061

4 Hughson Street South Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z1 Canada wsp.com

NOTICE: This communication and any attachments ("this message") may contain information which is privileged, confidential, proprietary or otherwise subject to restricted disclosure under applicable law. This message is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s). Any unauthorized use, disclosure, viewing, copying, alteration, dissemination or distribution of, or reliance on, this message is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, or you are not an authorized or intended recipient, please notify the sender immediately by replying to this message, delete this message and all copies from your e-mail system and destroy any printed copies. You are receiving this communication because you are listed as a current WSP contact. Should you have any questions regarding WSP's electronic communications policy, please consult our Anti-Spam Commitment at www.wsp.com/casl. For any concern or if you believe you should not be receiving this message, please forward this message to [email protected] so that we can promptly address your request. Note that not all messages sent by WSP qualify as commercial electronic messages.

AVIS : Ce message, incluant tout fichier l'accompagnant (« le message »), peut contenir des renseignements ou de l'information privilégiés, confidentiels, propriétaires ou à divulgation restreinte en vertu de la loi. Ce message est destiné à l'usage exclusif du/des destinataire(s) voulu(s). Toute utilisation non permise, divulgation, lecture, reproduction, modification, diffusion ou distribution est interdite. Si vous avez reçu ce message par erreur, ou que vous n'êtes pas un destinataire autorisé ou voulu, veuillez en aviser l'expéditeur immédiatement et détruire le message et toute copie électronique ou imprimée. Vous recevez cette communication car vous faites partie des contacts de WSP. Si vous avez des questions concernant la politique de communications électroniques de WSP, veuillez consulter notre Engagement anti-pourriel au www.wsp.com/lcap. Pour toute question ou si vous croyez que vous ne devriez pas recevoir ce message, prière de le transférer au [email protected] afin que nous puissions rapidement traiter votre demande. Notez que ce ne sont pas tous les messages transmis par WSP qui constituent des messages electroniques commerciaux.

-LAEmHhHzdJzBlTWfa4Hgs7pbKl

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Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport Ministère du Tourisme, de la Culture et du Sport

Archaeology Programs Unit Unité des programmes d'archéologie Programs and Services Branch Direction des programmes et des services Culture Division Division de culture 401 Bay Street, Suite 1700 401, rue Bay, bureau 1700 Toronto ON M7A 0A7 Toronto ON M7A 0A7 [email protected] [email protected]

Jan 24, 2019

Lara Wood (P1078) WSP Canada 582 Lancaster Kitchener ON N2K 1M3

RE: Entry into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports: Archaeological Assessment Report Entitled, "Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Ben Machree Waste Water Pumping Station Decommissioning EA, Part of Lots 11 and 12, Broken Front Concession, Township of Toronto, City of Mississauga, Regional Municipality of Peel, Province of Ontario.", Dated Nov 29, 2018, Filed with MTCS Toronto Office on N/A, MTCS Project Information Form Number P1078-0018-2018, MTCS File Number 0009922

Dear Ms. Wood:

The above-mentioned report, which has been submitted to this ministry as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18, has been entered into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports without technical review.1

Please note that the ministry makes no representation or warranty as to the completeness, accuracy or quality of reports in the register.

Should you require further information, please do not hesitate to send your inquiry to [email protected]

cc. Archaeology Licensing Officer Kolsoom Motamedi,Region of Peel Kolsoom Motamedi,Region of Peel

1 In no way will the ministry be liable for any harm, damages, costs, expenses, losses, claims or actions that may result: (a) if the Report(s) or its recommendations are discovered to be inaccurate, incomplete, misleading or fraudulent; or (b) from the issuance of this letter. Further measures may need to be taken in the event that additional artifacts or archaeological sites are identified or the Report(s) is otherwise found to be inaccurate, incomplete, misleading or fraudulent.