Plant & Fungal Research (2019) 2(2): 11-16 © The Institute of Botany, ANAS, Baku, AZ1004, http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/plantfungalres.19 December 2019

Taxonomic analysis of early spring and summer flowering of Talysh (Yardimli) territory within Azerbaijan

Parvana Kh. Garakhani1, Arzu Y. Huseynova, Lesser Caucasus as a part of the Caucasus mountains Tunzala A. Gasimova, Rana K. Ganbarova, differs from other system with its complex relief, cli- Taja J. Safguliyeva, Shahla N. Mirzayeva, mate and soil condition and multilement cover Samira N. Nuriyeva, Aynur S. Imanova, [Anokhin, 1981]. Development of specially preserved Ilhama A. Asadova natural territories plays important role conservation of Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, ecosystems and researching and studying the wild na- Badamdar 40, Baku, AZ1004, Azerbaijan ture. Opportunities for preservation of rare and endan- gered flora as a result of activities of special protected Abstract: Study and preservation of biodiversity are natural areas have been provided. Studying the flora of one of the global problems of modern world. Reason- individual territory, finding new taxa and identification able reduction of the quantitive composition of plants of their usage opportunities are important tasks. leads to disturbance of normal activity of natural eco- Flora exposes to changes due to various impacts (cli- systems. This limits human’s opportunity of taking mate change, antropogen and zoogen factors). Study of advantage of useful features of plants. For comprehen- the current situation of flora proves that transformation sive research of the mentioned problems experimental of the natual biocenosises leads to formation of modified site experiements in various regions of the country are phytocenosises which are rich with anthropophytes. In very important. In the article taxonomical analysis of this perspective research of any territoreal flora, floristic early spring and summer wild grass of Yardimli district analysis of early spring and summer plants, taxonomic of Azerbaijan. has been provided, new areals of some and morphological analysis requires observations on ( grossheimii (in Komanu plateau, Dagduzu this purpose [Aghayeva et al., 2015, 2018; Huseynova village), Bellevalia longistyla (in Chichekli plateau, Ar- et al., 2019]. vana and Avash villages), Gladiolus imbricatus (Deman Flora of Yardimli region (Vergeduz district until village)) have been described, distribution maps have 1930) has not been comprehensively studied so far. been created based on GPS coordinates. About 405 taxa The relief of Yardimli region comprises of mountains, and of 841 early spring and summer flora for district bypasses, the type soil is mountain-meadow, mountain- have been collected. Of these 51 of species are species forest-dark brown and brown-mountain-forest types. and have been included in the Red Book of Azerbai- Semi-desert area, forb meadow and mountainous slopes jan. The list of species also include 17 endemics of prevail [Mammadov et al., 2012]. More widespred plant Azerbaijan and 5 endemics of Caucasus. species are found in mountains, rocks. Preservation of Key Words: biodiversity, new areal, rare and endemic critical, rare and endemic species belonging to wild species flora is one of the important challenges. Most of plants of district were used as a decorative, medicinal grasses, INTRODUCTION and forage. The purpose of this work is to conduct taxo- All resources for well-being are found in the na- nomical analysis of plant biodiversity, endemic and rare ture and their use and preservation depend on us. species. It gives food, air, minerals and all beauties with no return: vaulable part of these resources are bio- MATERIAL AND METHODS diversity. Being the basis of existance of life nature pro- Study territory. Yardimli district is in the south-eastern vides food, clothes, energy and other needs for human. part of Azerbaijan and situated in the mountainous area. Therefore we must treat it properly and we need to be The territory is the part of Talish botanical-geographi- a kind of friend with biodiversity [Staff, 2019; Plumer, cal region and borders with Lerik, Masalli and Jalilabad Brad, 2019; Deutsche, 2019; Ripple et al., 2017]. within Azerbaijan and with Iran in the south. The area of Yardimli districts occupies 66.720 ha. [Mammadov Accepted for publication: 5 November 2019 et al., 2012]. 1E-mail: [email protected] Specimens for research have been collected early

11 Plant & Fungal Research summer in 2018 and spring 2019. GPS coordinates of in the study territory. In the first stratumMuscari , in the specimens collected in Chayuzu, Perimbel, Shafagli, second stratum Bellevalia, in the third stratum Orchis, Garvanke, Avash, Deman, Arvana (Chichekli plateau), Iris species have been observed. The subject area is Daguzu (Komani plateau), Nisapara, Peshtasar, Ura- rich in with early spring species. Species belonging karan, Shirinel, Silevenye villages have been recorded to families Orchidaceae, , Hyacinthaceae, and photos have been taken. Ranunculaceae, Boraginaceae, Lamiaceae, Alliaceae, Researches were conducted by using areal, taxo- , Caryophyllaceae, Asteraceae, Violaceae, nomic, comparison-morphological methods. Structure Gentianaceae dominant here. of vegetative and generative organs of plants were stud- The richest plant cover was found in Komani and ied, taxonomic composition of them were given in the Chichekli plateaus in 2100 m a.s.l. Mainly geophytes genus, species level, smultaneously specimens of vari- belonging to the genera Ornithogalum, Iris, Allium ous species of various ecological groups were compared are found here. Soil of Komani plateau is dry, gray, in detail [Martyn et al., 2015; Qaraxani, Musayev, 2013; meadow with sparse mountaineous vegetation type. Iris Quseynova et al., 2014]. grossheymii dominates here. Morphological and taxonomical analysis have been It was identified that the soil of Perembel area is conducted by using of flora and appropriate monograph- chestnut-brown, meadow relief and humidity of middle, ic works [Alizade et al., 2019; Asgerov, 2005, 2006, riverside plant type is dense. Species of Orchidaceae, 2008; Flora of Azerbaijan I-VIII; Grossheim, 1949; Liliaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Ranunculaceae, Mextieva, 2014; Zernov, 2010, 2013, 2015], taxonomy Boraginaceae, Lamiaceae, Alliaceae, Iridaceae, and nomenclature of species were clarified based on Caryophyllaceae, Asteraceae, Violaceae, Gentianaceae critical analysis of specimens, morphological structure and other families are widely spread. of plants were studied by using binocular Sunshine (St In our researches and site expeditions new areals 3024R-2L, China). have been identified for thre species: Iris grossheimii, Names of taxa have been introduced complying Komani plateau, Daguzu village N380 51.073΄, E480 with the last nomenclatural changes [AZBIMM Ver- 06.525΄; 2081 m a. s. l.; Bellevalia longistyla, Chichekli sion 2.1.1.; GBIF Home Page; The International Plant plateau Arvana and Avash villages N380 50.867΄, E480 Names; Version 1.1.; The World Check- 04.196΄; 1618 m a. s. l.; Gladiolus imbricatus, De- list of Selected Plant families (WCSP); Tropicos; Sere- man village N380 51.768΄, E480 02.865΄; 1469 m a. gin, 2019]. s. l. Among recorded species 17 are included to the Azerbaijan Red Book are endems of Azerbaijan, 5 spe- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION cies are endems of Caucasus (Fig. 1, 2). New localisa- As a result of our researches nearly 600 specimens tion of these species have been identified too. The area of 405 taxa belonging to 58 genera, 28 families of of study is rich with rare and endem plant species, and early spring and summer flora have been prepared, 28 species growing in Yardimli district included to the identified and deposited to the herbarium fund. Spe- second edition of the Red Book of Azerbaijan: cies from Hyacinthaceae (Muscari, Bellevalia, Ilex hyrcana Pojark., Allium lenkoranicum Miscz. ex Gagea, Pushkinea, Scilla), Liliaceae (), Grossh., A. akaka S.G. Gmel. ex Schult. & Schult. f., Iridaceae (Iris), Alliaceae (Allium), Orchidaceae A. talyschense Miscz. ex Grossh, Sternbergia lutea (Orchis, Dactylorhiza), Lamiaceae (Scutellaria, (L.) Ker Gawl. ex Spreng., S. vernalis (Mill.) Gorer & Ayuga, Thymus), Ranunculaceae (Ranunculus, J.H.Harvey, Hedera pastuchovii Woronow, Centaurea Anemone, Adonis), Poaceae (Poa), Boraginaceae hyrcanica Bornm., Podospermum grossheimii (Lipsch. (Myososis), Asteraceae (Centaurea, Serratula, & Vassilcz.) Kuth, Tripleurospermum tenuifolium (Kit.) Tripogon, Matricaria, Senecio, Taraxacum, Artemisia), Freyn ex Freyn, Solenanthus brachystemon Fisch. Fabaceae (Lathirus, Onobrychis), Apiaceae (Torilis), & C.A. Mey. ex Hohen, Buxus sempervirens subsp. Caryophyllaceae (Dianthus, Silene, Cerastum), hyrcana (Pojark.) Takht., Paronychia kurdica Boiss., Scrophulariaceae (Veronica), Geraniaceae (Geranium, Silene talyschensis Schischk., Euonymus vellutiana, Erodium), Violaceae (Viola), Papaveraceae (Papaver) Colchicum trigynum (Steven ex Adam) Stearn, Diospyros and some other familias have been studied (Tab.). loureiroana G. Don, Euphorbia marschalliana Boiss., It was observed that species of Hyacinthaceae Gleditschia caspia, Sedum lenkoranicum Grossh., (Ornithogalum) and Liliaceae families take dominates Puschkinia scilloides Adams, Muscari armeniacum

12 Garakhani et al.: Early spring and summer plants of Talysh

Syn.: ( Miscz.

elegantulum Kuth Syn.: (

grossheimiana Grossh. Grossh.

(Knorring) Rech. (Knorring)

Muscari ,

Vassilcz.) cilla caucasica S & , Scutellaria zuvandica Vassilcz.) Prunus hyrcana Prunus , grandiflora , species &

S. .

,

ic F

, lenkoranica

(Lipsch.

Miscz. Grossh.) ex Schchian

Lipsch.

Knorring) Endem Grossh.

Miscz. ex Grossh. Miscz. ex Grossh. Adams (Miscz.) Grossh. (Steven ex (Steven StearnAdam)

subsp.

(Buser) Juz. Woronow

Grossh.

Schischk

Woronow

Woronow ex Grossh ex Woronow

venti - Herb. hyrcana

grossheimii

hyrcana lenkoranica M. . , prilipkoana lenkoranicum

Ph S. , kotschyana phrys caucasica odospermum grossheimii . Syn.: O Allium Hedera pastuchovii P Silene talyschensis Colchicum trigynum Merendera candidissima Sedum lenkoranicum Bellevalia longistyla Schchian Phlomis herba ( Juz. Fritillaria caucasica F Alchemilla Scrophularia Iris grossheimii Scorzonera grossheimii

.

BAK

, Grossh. (Spreng.) Schltr.

L.

(Pall.) Schult. & (Pall.) Schult. &

Woronow ex Grossh ex Woronow

ot existing in theot existing in N

ris grossheimii Fritillaria grandiflora Steveniella satyroides

Ixiolirion tataricum Schult. I Gladiolus imbricatus

,

,

Silene ,

,

Tripogon , Steveniella

, Thymus Pushkinea

, ,

Serratula

,

era

Orchis Matricaria

Paronycha ,

Onobrychis ,

, Muscari

Gen Ranunculus , , Scutellaria

Senecio

, Veronica Ophrys ,

, Gladiolus , Tripleurospermum Prunus

Dianthus Lathirus

, Gagea

Centaurea

,

, ,

Geranium , ,

, Iris , Anemone

Phlomis ,

,

,

,

olchicum uxus lcea donis rangula ritillaria yuga lex xiolirion Podospermum F Dactylorhiza Artemisia Crocus I Allium Torilis Hedera Taraxacum Myososis B Cerastum Eunymus Sedum Gleditscia Erodium Bellevalia Scilla I A Poa Woodsia A F Alchemilla Scrophularia Zelkova Viola A C

s

Familie xioliriaceae Aguifoliaceae Alliaceae Apiaceae Araliaceae Asteraceae Boraginaceae Buxaceae Caryophyllaceae Celastraceae Colchicaceae Crassulaceae Fabaceae Geraniaceae Hyacinthaceae I Iridaceae Liliaceae Malvaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae Polypodiaceae Ranunculaceae Rhamnaceae Rosaceae Scrophulariaceae Ulmaceae Violaceae Lamiaceae The list of species collected from Yardimli territory during expeditions. Yardimli The list of species collected from Table. 13 Plant & Fungal Research

Leichtlin ex Baker, M. grossheimii Schchian, Scilla siberica subsp. caucasica (Miscz.) Mordak, Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f.. Iris paradoxa f. choschab (Hoog) B. Mathew & Wendelbo, Iris reticulata M.Bieb., Gladiolus imbricatus L., Crocus biflorussubsp. adamii (J.Gay) K.Richt., Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl, Scutellaria grossheimiana Juz., S. prilipkoana Grossh., Thymus trautvetteri Klokov & Des.-Shost., Phlomis herba-venti subsp. lenkoranica (Knorring) Rech.f, Fritillaria caucasica Adams, F. grandiflora Grossh., F. kotschyana Herb., Alcea hyrcana Grossh., Ophrys sphegodes subsp. mammosa (Desf.) Soó ex E.Nelson, Steveniella satyroides (Spreng.) Schltr., Woodsia alpina (Bolton) Gray, Cyclamen coum subsp. elegans (Boiss. & Buhse) Grey-Wilson, Frangula grandiflora (C.Y. Wu

ex Y.L. Chen & P.K. Chou) Grubov, Alchemilla hyrcana (Buser) Juz., Prunus fenzliana Fritsch, P. hyrcana, Iris grossheimii Woronow ex Grossh. Rosa nisami Sosn., Danae racemosa (L.) Moench, Bellevalia longistyla (Miscz.) Grossh. Scrophularia zuvandica Grossh., Scrophularia hyrcana Gladiolus imbricatus L. Grossh., Zelkova carpinifolia (Pall.) K. Koch.

Figure 1. Species with new areal within the area subject CONCLUSION of study. Flora of Azerbaijan have been complied in the middle of the last century. Later various researchers have been contributed to the study of flora [Asgerov, 2005, 2006, 2008; Askerova, 1982, 1986, 1988, 2006; Akhmed-zade 2006; Fataliev, 1987; Musaev, 1987, 2006]. Research of any territorial flora on its turn means potential for revealig of useful, decorative, industially important plants. Study of plant diversity of regions due to regular change of plant cover under the influence of environ- mental factors is important. In this study new distribution area for three spe- cies (Iris grossheimii, Bellevalia longistyla, Gladiolus imbricatus) were identified and the list of endemic and rare species were presented [Red Book, 2013; Solomon et al., 2013]. Broad investigation in Lesser Caucasus will be launched starting from the next year.

REFERENCES Aghayeva P.N., Garakhani P.X., Huseynova Y.A., Ali- zade M.V. (2018) Wild ornamental plants of the family Asteraceae from the northeastern part of Azerbaijan. Chornomorski Botanical Journal-14(3): Figure 2. Some endemic species: 2.1. Muscari grossheimii 204-212. Schchian; 2.2. Scutellaria grossheimiana Juz.; 2.3. Ağayeva P.N., Qaraxani P.X. (2015) Quba rayonu Fritillaria grandiflora Grossh; 2.4. Gladiolus imbricatus ərazisinin yabanı dekorativ ot bitkilərinin tak- L.; 2.5. Bellevalia longistyla (Miscz.) Grossh. (Endems sonomik təhlili. AMEA-nın xəbərləri (Biologiya və of Caucasus); 2.6. Iris grosshemii Woronow ex Grossh. tibb elmləri), 70(2): 33-37. (In Azerbaijani) (Endems of Azerbaijan). Akhmed-zade F.A. (2006) Qeoqrafiçeskoe raspros-

14 Garakhani et al.: Early spring and summer plants of Talysh

tranenie i filoqenetiçeskie vzaimootnoşeniya du- (In Russian) brovnikov (Род Teucrium L.) Azerbaydjana. AMEA Musaev S.Q. (1987) Novıe nomenklaturnıe kombinatsii Botanika İnstitutunun elmi əsərləri, 26: 108-110. (In nekotorıx zlakov Azerbaydjana. Botaniçeskiy jurnal Russian) 72 (1): 94. (In Russian) Alizade V.M., Mehdiyeva N.P., Karimov V.N., Ibrahi- Musayev S.H. (2006) Kətan (Zəyərək) fəsiləsi – Lina- mova A.Q. (2019) Greater Caucasus (Azerbaijani) ceae DC. S.F.Gray. AMEA Botanika İnstitutunun Bakı, 351 pp. elmi əsərləri, 26: 92-96. (In Azerbaijanian) Anokhin Q.I. (1981) Maliy Kavkaz - M. Fizkultura i Red Book of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Rare and en- sport, p. 192. dangered plant and mushroom species. (2013). Sec- Asgerov A.M. Azərbaycanın Ali Bitkiləri Azərbaycan ond edition. Baku: East-West Publish. House: 670 p. florasının konspekti. Bakı: Elm, I, 2005, 247 s.; II, (In Azerbaijani) 2006, 283 s.; III, 2008, 240 s. (In Azerbaijani) Seregin A.P. (Ed.). 2019. Moscow Digital Herbarium: Askerova R.K. (1982) Stroenie pıltsevıx zeren podsem. Electronic resource. Moscow: Moscow State Uni- Tsixorevıe (Asteraceae). Botaniçeskiy jurnal 67 versity. https://plant.depo.msu.ru (Accessed 02 Feb- (10): 1341-1350. (In Russian) ruary 2019). Askerova R.K. (1986) Novinki florı Apşerona. Solomon J., Shulkina T., Schatz G.E. (Eds.): (2013) Red Botaniçeskiy jurnal 71 (10): 1412-1413 [In Russian] list of the endemic plants of the Caucasus: , Askerova R.K. (1988) Novıe rodı i semeystva dlya Azerbaijan, , Iran, Russia, and Turkey. St. Azerbaydjana. Botaniçeskiy jurnal 73 (8): 1203- Louis: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 451 pp. 1204. (In Russian) The International Plant Names Index: http://www.ipni. Askerova R.K. (2006) O nomenklaturnıx izmeneniyax org [accessed 1 June 2019]. v taksonax semeystva Brassicaceae predstavlennıx The Plant List Version 1.1.: http://www.theplantlist.org/ vo flore Azerbaydjana, AMEA Botanika İnstitutunun [accessed 1st May 2019]. elmi əsərləri, 26: 102-104. (In Russian) The World Checklist of Selected Plant families (WCSP). AZBIMM Version 2.1.1.: http://www.azbimm.az/ [ac- – http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do cessed 1st January 2019] Tropicos //www.tropicos.org [accessed 07 Nov 2019] Fataliev R.A. (1987) Morfoloqo-bioloqiçeskie osoben- Zernov A.S. (2010) Rasteniya Rossiyskoqo Zapadno- nosti vidov florı Azerbaydjana i ix rasteniya-xozyae- qo Kafkaza. Polevoy atlas. Moskva: Tovarişestvo va. İzv. AN Azerb. SSR, 5: 26-31. (In Russian) nauchnıx izdaniy KMK, 448 p. (In Russian) Flora of Azerbaijan Baku: Nauka. I-1950, 369 p.; II,- Zernov A.S. (2013) İllyustrirovannaya flora yuqa Ros- 1952, 317 p.; III-1952, 407 p.; IV-1953, 401 p.; siyskoqo Priçernomorya. Moskva: Tovarişestvo V-1954, 578 p.; VI-1955, 539 p.; VII-1957, 646 p.; nauçnıx izdaniy KMK, 588 p. (In Russian) VIII-1961, 688 p. (In Russian) Zernov A.S., Alekseev Yu.E., Onipçenko V.Q. (2015) GBIF Home Page: https://www.gbif.org [1 October Opredelitel sosudistıx rasteniy Karaçaevo-Çerkess- 2019]. koy Respubliki. Moskva: Tovarişestvo nauchnıx iz- Grossheim A.A. (1946) Rastitelnıe resursı Kafkaza daniy KMK, 459 p. (In Russian) Baku: AN Azerb. SSR, 671 p. (In Russian) Huseynova A.Y., Aghayeva P.N., Garakhani P. Kh., Ali- zade V.M. (2019) Serratula coronata (Asteraceae) - a new species record for the flora of Azerbaijan.Ukr. Bot. J., 76(1): 67-70. Mammadov G., Yusifov E., Khalilov M., Karimov V. (2012) The Ecotourism Potensial of Azerbaijan. Baku: East-West Publish. House, I: 360 p., II: 420 p. (In Azerbaijani) Mextieva N.P. (2014) Dopolnenie k flore Azerbaidjana. Trudi Instituta Botaniki NANA, ХХХIV: 137-140. (In Russian) Mirzoev O.Q., Fataliev R.A. (1988) Novıy vid dlya florı Azerbaydjana. İzv. AN Azerb. SSR, 1: 64-66.

15 Plant & Fungal Research

Azərbaycanın daxilində (Yardımlı) Talış ərazisinin Таксономический анализ ранней весенне- erkən yaz və yay florasının taksonomik təhlili летней флоры Талыша (Ярдымлы) в пределах Азербайджана Pərvanə X. Qaraxani, Arzu Y. Hüseynova, Tünzalə A. Qasımova, Rəna K. Qənbərova, Парвана Х. Гарахани, Арзу Ю. Гусейнова, Tacə C. Safquliyeva, Şəhla N. Mirzəyeva, Тунзала А. Гасумова, Рана К. Гамбарова, Samirə N. Nuriyeva, Aynur S. İmanova, Таджа Дж. Сафкулиева, Шахла Н. Мирзоева, İlhamə Ə. Əsədova Самира Н. Нуриева, Айнур С. Иманова, AMEA Botanika İnstitutu, Badamdar şossesi 40, Bakı, AZ1004, Azərbaycan Ильхама А. Асадова Институт Ботаники НАНА, Бадамдар 40, Баку, AZ1004,Азербайджан Biomüxtəlifliyin öyrənilməsi və qorunması müasir dövrümüzün qlobal problemlərindən biridir. Bitkilərin Изучение и охрана биоразнообразия – одна из гло- say tərkibinin nəzərəçarpan dərəcədə azalması təbii бальных проблем современности. Уменьшение ekosistemlərin normal fəaliyyətinin pozulmasına gətirib количественного состава растений приводит к за- çıxarır. Bu da öz növbəsində insanları bitkilərin faydalı метному нарушению природных экосистем. Это в xüsusiyyətlərindən istifadəsi imkanından məhrum edir. свою очередь ограничивает использование людьми Göstərilən problemlərin hərtərəfli araşdırılması üçün полезных свойств растений. Для всестороннего раз- ayrı-ayrı bölgələrdə çöl tədqiqatlarının aparılması решения указанных проблем необходимы постоян- mühüm əhəmiyyət kəsb edir. Məqalədə Yardımlı ные полевые исследования в различных районах ərazisinin erkən yaz və yay florasına daxil olan yabanı республики. В статье впервые приводится таксоно- ot bitkilərinin ilk dəfə olaraq taksonomik təhlili мический анализ дикорастущих травянистых расте- verilmiş, bəzi növlərin (Iris grossheimii (Komanu ний ранней весенне-летней флоры Ярдымлинского yaylası, Dağüzü kəndi), Bellevalia longistyla (Çiçəkli района. Некоторые виды (Iris grossheimii (плато Ко- yaylası Arvana və Avaş kəndləri), Gladiolus imbricatus ману, село Дагузу), Bellevalia longistyla (плато Чи- (Deman kəndi) tədqiqat ərazisi üçün yeni yayılma чекли, село Арвана и Аваш), Gladiolus imbricatus arealları verilmiş, GPS koordinatlarına əsasən xəritələri (село Деман) для исследуемой территории являют- tərtib edilmişdir. Yardımlı ərazisindən ümumilikdə ся новыми. На основе координатов GPS составлены Azərbaycan florasında göstərilən 841 taksondan erkən карты распространения. Из 841 таксона, указанных yaz və yay florasına aid 405 takson toplanmışdır. Bu во Флоре Азербайджана, для Ярдымлинского райо- növlərdən 51-si Azərbaycanın Qırmızı Kitabına daxil на нами собрано 405. Из них 51 являются редкими и olan nadir növlərdir, 17-si Azərbaycan, 5-i Qafqaz en- включены в Красную Книгу Азербайджана, 17 так- demidir. сонов эндемики Азербайджан, 5 – эндемики Кавказа Açar sözlər: bitki müxtəlifliyi, yeni yayılma arealı, Ключевые слова: разнообразие растений, новые nadir və endem növlər местонахождения, редкие и эндемичные виды

16