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Scalable Video Streaming Over Wimax Networks SCALABLE VIDEO STREAMING OVER WIMAX NETWORKS by Somsubhra Sharangi M.Tech., Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, 2005 B.Tech., University of Kalyani, India, 2003 a Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the School of Computing Science c Somsubhra Sharangi 2010 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2010 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. APPROVAL Name: Somsubhra Sharangi Degree: Master of Science Title of Thesis: Scalable Video Streaming over WiMAX Networks Examining Committee: Dr. Qianping Gu, Professor of Computing Science Chair Dr. Ramesh Krishnamurti Senior Supervisor Professor of Computing Science Dr. Mohamed Hefeeda Senior Supervisor Associate Professor of Computing Science Dr. Binay Bhattacharya Supervisor Professor of Computing Science Dr. Joseph G. Peters Examiner Professor of Computing Science Date Approved: September 20,2010 •• II Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the “Institutional Repository” link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without the author’s written permission. Permission for public performance, or limited permission for private scholarly use, of any multimedia materials forming part of this work, may have been granted by the author. This information may be found on the separately catalogued multimedia material and in the signed Partial Copyright Licence. While licensing SFU to permit the above uses, the author retains copyright in the thesis, project or extended essays, including the right to change the work for subsequent purposes, including editing and publishing the work in whole or in part, and licensing other parties, as the author may desire. The original Partial Copyright Licence attesting to these terms, and signed by this author, may be found in the original bound copy of this work, retained in the Simon Fraser University Archive. Simon Fraser University Library Burnaby, BC, Canada Last revision: Spring 09 Abstract The Multicast/Broadcast Service (MBS) feature of mobile WiMAX network is a promising technology for providing wireless multimedia, because it allows the delivery of multime- dia content to large-scale user communities in a cost-efficient manner. In this thesis, we focus on two research problems in such networks: (i) maximizing the video quality and (ii) minimizing energy consumption for mobile receivers. We prove that these problems are NP-Complete, and propose constant factor approximation algorithms to solve them. Our algorithms intelligently select video layers from a scalable video stream to maximize video quality and construct burst transmission schedules that reduce receiver device energy consumption without sacrificing the video quality. Using extensive simulation and mathe- matical analysis we show that the proposed solution: (i) is efficient in terms of execution time, (ii) achieves high radio resource utilization, (iii) maximizes the received video quality, and (iv) minimizes the energy consumption for mobile receivers. Keywords: multicast video streaming; mobile multimedia; wireless transmission schedul- ing; scalable video coding; WiMAX; energy efficiency iii Acknowledgments I am indebted to Dr. Ramesh Krishnamurti, my senior supervisor, for continuously sup- porting me over these years with his patience and knowledge. Anytime I needed help, he made his time available for me and helped me with valuable advice. I will also like to thank Dr. Mohamed Hefeeda, my senior supervisor, for his support. It was his guidance and encouragement that taught me how to do research, and without his support, completion of this thesis would not have been possible for me. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Binay Bhattacharya, my supervisor, and Dr. Joseph Peters, my thesis examiner, for being on my committee and reviewing this thesis. I also would like to thank Dr. Qianping Gu for taking the time to chair my thesis defense. Last but certainly not least, I owe my deepest gratitude to my parents for their love, encouragement and endless support. iv Contents Approval ii Abstract iii Acknowledgments iv Contents v List of Figures vii List of Tables viii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction.................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement and Thesis Contributions . 3 1.2.1 ProblemI:ScalableVideoStreaming . 3 1.2.2 Problem II: Energy Efficient Video Streaming . 4 1.2.3 ThesisContributions. 5 1.3 ThesisOrganization .............................. 5 2 Background and Related Work 7 2.1 Background..................................... 7 2.1.1 VideoMulticastStandards . 7 2.1.2 AVideoStreamingSystemoverWiMAX . 8 2.1.3 OverviewofWiMAXSleepMode. 11 2.2 RelatedWork.................................... 12 2.2.1 Video Streaming over WiMAX Networks . 12 v 2.2.2 Receiver Energy Efficiency in WiMAX Networks . 13 3 Proposed Scalable Video Streaming Scheme 15 3.1 ProblemStatement................................ 15 3.1.1 ProblemHardness ............................. 16 3.1.2 MathematicalFormulation . 17 3.2 ProposedSolution ................................ 20 3.2.1 OverviewoftheProposedAlgorithm . 20 3.2.2 DetailsoftheProposedAlgorithm . 21 3.2.3 Correctness and Performance Analysis . 24 4 Proposed Energy Efficient Allocation Scheme 30 4.1 ProblemStatement................................ 30 4.2 ProposedApproximationAlgorithm . 31 4.2.1 OverviewoftheProposedAlgorithm . 31 4.2.2 DetailsofProposedAlgorithm . 31 4.3 Correctness and Performance Analysis . 33 5 Evaluation using Simulation 35 5.1 SimulationSetup ................................. 35 5.2 SimulationResults ............................... 36 5.2.1 VideoQuality................................ 36 5.2.2 TimeEfficiency............................... 37 5.2.3 Significance of the Approximation Parameter . 39 5.2.4 Resource Utilization and Buffer Validation . 40 5.2.5 EnergySavings............................... 41 6 Conclusions and Future Work 44 6.1 Conclusion ..................................... 44 6.2 FutureWork .................................... 45 A List of Acronyms 47 Bibliography 49 vi List of Figures 1.1 TheFramestructureinWiMAX. 3 2.1 Mobile TV over WiMAX : System Architecture. 9 3.1 High-level diagram of the Substream Scheduling Algorithm (SSA). 20 3.2 The proposed Substream Selection Algorithm. ......... 21 3.3 Rate-distortion characteristics of scalable videos. ............... 27 4.1 Energy Efficient Substream Allocation Algorithm . ......... 32 5.1 Near optimality of the solutions obtained by the SSA algorithm. ....... 37 5.2 Effect of scheduling window size on the solutions obtained by the SSA algorithm. 38 5.3 Running time of the SSA and the optimal algorithms. 39 5.4 Effect of the approximation parameter on quality and runningtime. 40 5.5 Performance of the SSA Algorithm in terms of resource utilization. 41 5.6 Performance of the SSA Algorithm in terms of receiver buffer dynamics. 42 5.7 EnergyefficiencyofEESAalgorithm.. 43 5.8 Effect of buffer size on energy efficiency. 43 vii List of Tables 2.1 Sleep modes defined in the WiMAX standard [19]. 12 3.1 Listofsymbolsusedinthisthesis. 18 5.1 Data Rates (kbps) and PSNR Values (dB) of the Scalable Videos Used in Evaluation. ..................................... 36 viii Chapter 1 Introduction In this chapter, we introduce features of WiMAX networks for scalable video multicast. We describe the challenges of providing high-quality streaming services in these networks under practical constraints. We present two research problems that we model to address these challenges and summarize our contributions on solving these problems. Then we describe the organization of rest of the thesis. Acronyms used in this thesis are listed in Appendix A. 1.1 Introduction The demand for mobile multimedia streams has been increasing in the past few years as indicated by multiple market analysis studies [38, 30]. Multimedia streams can be deliv- ered to mobile devices over a variety of wireless networks, including 3G (Third Generation mobile communication standards), WiFi (Wireless Local Area Network technologies based on IEEE802.11 set of standards) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) networks. In this thesis, we focus
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