Appendix 5 Outbreak/Epidemiologic Response Plan
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On Confinement and Quarantine Concerns on an SEIAR Epidemic
S S symmetry Article On Confinement and Quarantine Concerns on an SEIAR Epidemic Model with Simulated Parameterizations for the COVID-19 Pandemic Manuel De la Sen 1,* , Asier Ibeas 2 and Ravi P. Agarwal 3 1 Campus of Leioa, Institute of Research and Development of Processes IIDP, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain 2 Department of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 3 Department of Mathematics, Texas A & M University, 700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 September 2020; Accepted: 30 September 2020; Published: 7 October 2020 Abstract: This paper firstly studies an SIR (susceptible-infectious-recovered) epidemic model without demography and with no disease mortality under both total and under partial quarantine of the susceptible subpopulation or of both the susceptible and the infectious ones in order to satisfy the hospital availability requirements on bed disposal and other necessary treatment means for the seriously infectious subpopulations. The seriously infectious individuals are assumed to be a part of the total infectious being described by a time-varying proportional function. A time-varying upper-bound of those seriously infected individuals has to be satisfied as objective by either a total confinement or partial quarantine intervention of the susceptible subpopulation. Afterwards, a new extended SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) epidemic model, which is referred to as an SEIAR (susceptible-exposed-symptomatic infectious-asymptomatic infectious-recovered) epidemic model with demography and disease mortality is given and focused on so as to extend the above developed ideas on the SIR model. -
World Health Organization Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response
WHO/CDS/CSR/2000.3 Global Outbreak Alert and Response. Report of a WHO meeting Geneva, Switzerland 26-28 April 2000 World Health Organization Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response This document has been downloaded from the WHO/EMC Web site. The original cover pages and lists of participants are not included. See http://www.who.int/emc for more information. © World Health Organization This document is not a formal publication of the World Health Organization (WHO), and all rights are reserved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale nor for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors. The mention of specific companies or specific manufacturers' products does no imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. WHO/CDS/CSR/2000.3 Contents Executive Summary ………………………………………………………………………… 1 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 3 1.1 Opening ceremony ……………………………………………………………… 3 1.2 Participants and agenda ……………………………………………………….… 3 1.3 Global review …………………………………………………………………………. 3 2. Proceedings …………………………………………………………………………… 5 2.1 Outline of daily sessions …………………………………………………….. 5 2.2 Session 1: Outbreak Alert Systems ………………………………………….. 5 2.2.1 Outbreak Alert and Specialized Surveillance Networks …………………….. 5 2.2.2 Global Public Health Intelligence Network(GPHIN) ……………………….. 5 2.2.3 FluNet ………………………………………………………………………... 5 2.2.4 PACNET …………………………………………………………………….. 6 2.2.5 CDC Alert Systems ………………………………………………………….. 6 2.2.6 Outbreak Alert and Response at WHO …………………………………….... 6 2.2.7 IHR: A Mechanism for International Reporting …………………………….. -
Outbreak Response Protocols: K–12 the Following Document Is to Help Schools Develop a Plan Within Their Jurisdiction
Outbreak Response Protocols: K–12 The following document is to help schools develop a plan within their jurisdiction. It is essential to work with Local Public Health to determine specific protocols for your location. MONTANA September 2020 Adapted from Rhode Island Outbreak Response Protocol: Pre-K–12 Table of Contents 2 Purpose of School Guidance and Directions for Use 3 Symptoms of COVID-19 Protocols to Respond to a Sick Person in Schools During 6 the COVID-19 Pandemic Additional Resources for Educating Teachers, Parents/Guardians and Children 10 When can a child or staff member return to school after travel? Student/Staff Symptom Screening Athletic and Extracurricular Guidance During COVID-19 COVID-19 Notification Guidance 16 Glossary 19 Acknowledgements Montana Outbreak Response Protocols: K–12 | Page 1 Purpose of School Guidance and Directions for Use uld I use What is How sho the ance? purpos this guid e of this guidance? Local Public Health (LPH) and schools should work together in the event of a case of COVID-19 in the school setting. This document will supplement that process. This guidance on how to respond if a child or staff member exhibits symptoms of COVID-19 or tests positive for COVID-19 can be used or adapted by local jurisdictions for all their schools; it does not address unique situation-specific questions that you may have. The guidance does not replace direct engagement with Local Public Health, but rather gives an overview of what will occur throughout that engagement process. The information in this document complements current Montana state and county guidelines and guidance. -
COVID-19 Vaccines Frequently Asked Questions
Page 1 of 12 COVID-19 Vaccines 2020a Frequently Asked Questions Michigan.gov/Coronavirus The information in this document will change frequently as we learn more about COVID-19 vaccines. There is a lot we are learning as the pandemic and COVID-19 vaccines evolve. The approach in Michigan will adapt as we learn more. September 29, 2021. Quick Links What’s new | Why COVID-19 vaccination is important | Booster and additional doses | What to expect when you get vaccinated | Safety of the vaccine | Vaccine distribution/prioritization | Additional vaccine information | Protecting your privacy | Where can I get more information? What’s new − Pfizer booster doses recommended for some people to boost waning immunity six months after completing the Pfizer vaccine. Why COVID-19 vaccination is important − If you are fully vaccinated, you don’t have to quarantine after being exposed to COVID-19, as long as you don’t have symptoms. This means missing less work, school, sports and other activities. − COVID-19 vaccination is the safest way to build protection. COVID-19 is still a threat, especially to people who are unvaccinated. Some people who get COVID-19 can become severely ill, which could result in hospitalization, and some people have ongoing health problems several weeks or even longer after getting infected. Even people who did not have symptoms when they were infected can have these ongoing health problems. − After you are fully vaccinated for COVID-19, you can resume many activities that you did before the pandemic. CDC recommends that fully vaccinated people wear a mask in public indoor settings if they are in an area of substantial or high transmission. -
Health Officer Order
NICK MACCHIONE, FACHE HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY WILMA J. WOOTEN, M.D. AGENCY DIRECTOR PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICER PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES 3851 ROSECRANS STREET, MAIL STOP P-578 SAN DIEGO, CA 92110-3134 (619) 531-5800 • FAX (619) 542-4186 ORDER OF THE HEALTH OFFICER (Quarantine of Persons Exposed to COVID-19) The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a substantial threat to the public’s health. San Diego County is currently subject to a declared local health emergency and a proclaimed local emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Governor of the State of California proclaimed a state of emergency. Everyone is at risk for becoming ill with COVID-19, but some people are more vulnerable to serious illness due to age or underlying health conditions. In order to slow the spread of COVID-19, and prevent the healthcare system in San Diego County from being overwhelmed, it is necessary for the Health Officer of the County of San Diego (Health Officer) to require the quarantine of persons exposed to COVID-19. Household contacts, intimate partners, caregivers, and any other person who have been in close contact with a person either diagnosed with COVID-19, or likely to have COVID-19 (COVID-19 Patient), must quarantine themselves. A “close contact” is a contact with a COVID-19 Patient that occurs anywhere between 48 hours before the COVID-19 Patient’s symptoms began (or, for asymptomatic patients, 2 days prior to test specimen collection), and until the COVID-19 Patient is no longer required to be isolated, and where they: 1. -
GE-Outbreak-Guidelines FINAL
Guidelines for the Epidemiological Investigation and Control of Gastroenteritis Outbreaks (including Norovirus) Maryland Department of Health Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Outbreak Response Bureau November 2020 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Disease Description ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Single Case Management .............................................................................................................................. 7 Outbreak Management................................................................................................................................. 8 Outbreak Control Measures for Special Settings ...................................................................................... 9 Specimen Collection .................................................................................................................................... 12 Submission of Food Samples ...................................................................................................................... 13 Data Collection and Summary Report ....................................................................................................... -
Infectious Disease Outbreak Response Plan
Boone County Conservation District Infectious Disease Outbreak Response Plan ● Administrative Controls/Protocols: ○ Employees are directed to stay home when sick or have any of the symptoms identified in the Covid-19 posted signage. (see CDC and/or IDPH guidance) ■ Employees will notify their supervisor, which may/will trigger special sick leave criteria to be processed by the supervisor. See federal “Families First Coronavirus Response Act” requirements. ● https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/pandemic/ffcra-employer-paid-leave ○ Employees will self-quarantine for 14 days if exposed or known to have been in close contact with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19. ○ BCCD will require a daily, pre-work period health screening that includes: ■ Each staff member acknowledges their symptom status prior to starting work each day: ● Each employee will submit a Covid-19 symptoms checklist to their supervisor each day. ● Supervisors will retain these documents as part of the IDOR plan requirements. ■ Each staff member having a temperature check prior to entering their primary work area (building - i.e. Maintenance Building or Gustafson Nature Center). Anyone with a temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, or any other symptom of Covid-19 will need to go home. ○ The number of staff in the Gustafson Admin/Nature Center will be limited to four staff, not including temporary visits from non-office staff. One staff person per office space. ○ The number of public/visitors allowed in the Gustafson Admin/Nature Center will be limited to two people - no youth inside Nature Center (exceptions for translating). ○ The number of staff in the Maintenance Facility will be limited to: ■ Two people in Natural Resource Office Space ■ One person in Maintenance Office Space ■ Four people in Maintenance Garage/Repair Area ■ Two people in Wood-Working Shop Area ■ One person in Welding-Metals Shop Area ■ Three people in Native Seed Storage Area ■ Four people in Chum’s Building ○ Employee desks and/or workstations will be greater than six feet apart. -
Social Distancing, Quarantine and Isolation During an Infectious Disease Outbreak
TAKING CARE OF YOUR BEHAVIORAL HEALTH TIPS FOR SOCIAL DISTANCING, QUARANTINE AND ISOLATION DURING AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK In the event of an infectious disease outbreak, local officials may require the public to take measures to limit and control the spread of the disease. This tip sheet provides information about social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. The government has the right to enforce federal and state laws related to public health if people within the country get sick with highly contagious diseases that have the potential to develop into outbreaks or pandemics. This tip sheet describes feelings and thoughts you may have during and after social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. It also suggests ways to care for your behavioral health during these experiences and provides resources for more help. WHAT IS SOCIAL DISTANCING? • Time taken off from work and the potential loss of Social distancing is a way to keep people from interacting income and job security closely or frequently enough to spread an infectious disease. • The challenges of securing things you need, such as Schools and other gathering places such as movie theaters groceries and personal care items may close, and sports events and religious services may be • Concern about being able to effectively care for children canceled. or others in your care WHAT IS QUARANTINE? • Uncertainty or frustration about how long you will need to Quarantine separates and restricts the movement of people remain in this situation, and uncertainty about the future who have been exposed to a contagious disease to see if they • Loneliness associated with feeling cut off from the world become sick. -
Municipal Infectious Disease Outbreak Response Plan Instructions The
Municipal Infectious Disease Outbreak Response Plan Instructions The following sample plan is provided to assist you with the preparation and implementation of an effective infectious disease outbreak response plan. There are several areas in this sample plan that will need to be modified or customized, which will be indicated by BLUE TEXT. There are other areas that may not apply to your entity. We indicated guidance with highlighted text. Carefully review this entire plan to ensure it fits your entity and its operations. Name of Entity Municipal Infectious Disease Outbreak Response Plan Date Table of Contents INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK RESPONSE PLAN .......................................................... 1 RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................................................. 1 INSERT TITLE .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Staff ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 STRATEGIES TO LIMIT TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK ................ 4 Routes of Exposure ................................................................................................................................... 5 Pandemic Declaration ............................................................................................................................... 5 -
Public Health in Florida – Yesteryear
Public Health in Florida – Yesteryear FLORIDA'S PUBLIC HEALTH CENTENNIAL William J. Bigler Department of Health 1317 Winewood Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florida 32301 Reprinted with permission from Florida Journal of Public Health, Vol. 1, No. 3, May, 1989, p. 7-19. Figure 1. Cover of Florida Journal of Public Health Vol. 1, No.3 May 1989. ____________________________________________________________ In 1989 William J. Bigler, Ph.D, was Deputy State Epidemiologist for the HRS State Health Office, Disease Control and AIDS Prevention Program. He was initially employed by the Florida State Board of Health 34 years ago as a biologist, has since served in HRS Health Programs as Research Coordinator, Epidemiology Program Supervisor and Biological Administrator, and is currently Senior Epidemiologist with the Department of Health, Bureau of Epidemiology. 2 Abstract Florida's State Board of Health (SBH) was created on February 20, 1889. Historical records during the next century, document that public health programs and policies have influenced the state's political, social and economic infrastucture as well as the quality of life of it's populace. Quarantine, fumigation, vaccination, sanitation, and public education were initially used to control yellow fever, malaria, dengue fever, smallpox, and cholera. World War I brought venereal disease (VD) and epidemics of influenza, dengue fever and plague were encountered shortly thereafter. Statewide mosquito control efforts made the state more habitable. Then hurricanes wreaked havoc when the Great Depression caused massive cuts in budgets and programs. Federal "relief" programs provided some funds for health needs, but not enough. VD was again a problem during World War II. Health care for military dependents, the exploding population and industrial development brought new challenges. -
Guidelines for Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response
GUIDELINES FOR FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAK RESPONSE Foreword We are pleased and honored to join in congratulating the Council to Improve Foodborne Outbreak Response (CIFOR) on the landmark publication of its Guidelines for Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response, which address some of the most critical elements of a more effective, prevention- oriented food safety system. The Guidelines is the culmination of a three-year process that brought together public health and food safety practitioners and experts from all levels of government to improve our response to foodborne outbreaks and create a common framework for evaluating foodborne disease surveillance. The CIFOR process alone provides a model for the kind of collaboration across professional, agency, and geographic boundaries that is essential to tackling a problem—in this instance, foodborne illness—that defies boundaries. Publication of the Guidelines is significant also for the commitment it reflects to harmonize and integrate as fully as possible how health officials and regulators detect, investigate, and control outbreaks so that fewer people get sick. By harmonizing data collection, improving data sharing, and fostering new levels and modes of collaboration, we have the opportunity not only to contain outbreaks more promptly but also to learn more robustly the lessons they can teach for future prevention. Like any guideline, the Guidelines for Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response will be, in the end, only as good as their implementation by our many colleagues in local, state, and federal agencies, for whom it provide both a flexible, forward-looking framework and a call to action. The call to action is important in the policy arena, too. -
The Covid-19 Pandemic, Geopolitics, and International Law
journal of international humanitarian legal studies 11 (2020) 237-248 brill.com/ihls The covid-19 Pandemic, Geopolitics, and International Law David P Fidler Adjunct Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, USA [email protected] Abstract Balance-of-power politics have shaped how countries, especially the United States and China, have responded to the covid-19 pandemic. The manner in which geopolitics have influenced responses to this outbreak is unprecedented, and the impact has also been felt in the field of international law. This article surveys how geopolitical calcula- tions appeared in global health from the mid-nineteenth century through the end of the Cold War and why such calculations did not, during this period, fundamentally change international health cooperation or the international law used to address health issues. The astonishing changes in global health and international law on health that unfolded during the post-Cold War era happened in a context not characterized by geopolitical machinations. However, the covid-19 pandemic emerged after the bal- ance of power had returned to international relations, and rival great powers have turned this pandemic into a battleground in their competition for power and influence. Keywords balance of power – China – coronavirus – covid-19 – geopolitics – global health – International Health Regulations – international law – pandemic – United States – World Health Organization © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2020 | doi:10.1163/18781527-bja10010 <UN> 238 Fidler 1 Introduction A striking feature of the covid-19 pandemic is how balance-of-power politics have influenced responses to this outbreak.1 The rivalry between the United States and China has intensified because of the pandemic.