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Laporan Kajian Pekerja Indonesia Full.Pdf Diterbitkan Oleh: Bahagian Kependudukan Lembaga Penduduk dan Pembangunan Keluarga Negara (LPPKN) Bangunan LPPKN, 12B Jalan Raja Laut, Peti Surat 10416, 50712 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: 03-26937555 Faks: 03-26988185 Emel: [email protected] Laman web: www.lppkn.gov.my ISBN 978-983-2205-92-0 Diterbitkan pada Disember 2014 Semua hak terpelihara. Sebarang penerbitan semula atau terjemahan kandungan penerbitan ini hendaklah mendapat kebenaran daripada Lembaga Penduduk dan Pembangunan Keluarga Negara, Malaysia. LAPORAN KAJIAN PEKERJA INDONESIA DI BAHAGIAN TAWAU, SABAH iii erancakan pembangunan dan ekonomi di Malaysia telah mewujudkan Kbanyak peluang pekerjaan kepada pendatang asing. Walaupun kita memerlukan tenaga asing dalam pembangunan negara, kehadiran mereka perlu dipantau sebaik mungkin agar dasar pengambilannya berfungsi dengan betul. Ini adalah kerana isu- isu yang melibatkan pendatang asing banyak menyentuh mengenai masalah-masalah semasa seperti keselamatan sosial, jenayah, kesihatan, perkauman, politik, peluang pekerjaan, perumahan dan sebagainya. Sehubungan itu, saya pasti hasil penemuan kajian yang telah dijalankan ini amat berguna kerana ia merupakan pendapat dan pandangan KATA ALUAN daripada mereka yang terlibat dalam isu ini iaitu majikan, pekerja/pendatang asing dan YB Dato’ Sri Rohani Abdul Karim masyarakat tempatan sendiri. Segala usaha dan Menteri kerja keras para penyelidik yang terlibat secara Pembangunan Wanita langsung atau tidak langsung dalam kajian ini Keluarga Dan Masyarakat amat dihargai kerana data dan maklumat yang dihasilkan melalui kajian ini mampu menjana program dan penyelesaian kepada isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan pendatang asing. Ini adalah kerana secara realitinya, kemasukan pendatang tidak dapat dielakkan dan akan terus berlaku selagi ada penawaran dan permintaan. Kepada semua pihak yang terlibat dalam kajian ini, saya ingin merakamkan setinggi- tinggi penghargaan di atas kejayaan dalam menghasilkan laporan ini. Semoga usaha murni ini diberkati dan kemelutan kita dalam menangani isu-isu sosial dapat ditangani dengan segera kerana hanya tindakan yang berasaskan fakta dapat membantu kepada perancangan program dan dasar yang berkesan. InsyaAllah. iv LAPORAN KAJIAN PEKERJA INDONESIA DI BAHAGIAN TAWAU, SABAH engambil kira cadangan daripada KPSK- 2 berkaitan isu migrasi antarabangsa Mdi Sabah, LPPKN telah melaksanakan Kajian Pekerja Indonesia Di Bahagian Tawau, Sabah pada tahun 2010. Pada tahun 2010, daripada 2.3 juta penduduk bukan warganegara di Malaysia, hampir satu perempat daripadanya berada di Sabah. Dalam kajian ini, Bahagian Tawau yang meliputi daerah Tawau, Kunak dan Semporna dipilih sebagai kawasan kajian disebabkan oleh jumlah penduduk bukan warganegara yang ramai berbanding kawasan lain, iaitu seramai 244,333 orang atau 27.4 peratus. Kajian ini telah berjaya mengumpul maklumat dari tiga jenis kumpulan sasar iaitu pekerja Indonesia, majikan dan juga penduduk tempatan. Dapatan dari kajian ini diharap dapat digunakan sebagai input dalam pengurusan dan pengawalan kemasukan pekerja PENGHARGAAN asing ke Malaysia. Dato’ Dr. Siti Norlasiah Ismail Saya ingin mengambil peluang ini untuk Ketua Pengarah merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan kepada Lembaga Penduduk Dan Pembangunan agensi-agensi kerajaan di Sabah khususnya Keluarga Negara kepada pihak Jabatan Tenaga Kerja Sabah yang banyak membantu mendapatkan senarai syarikat untuk kami menjalankan kajian ini. Seterusnya, saya ingin merakamkan ucapan terima kasih kepada semua majikan syarikat yang terlibat dalam kajian kerana telah memberi keizinan dan pada masa yang sama menyediakan pekerja mereka untuk menjadi responden kajian ini. Tanpa kerjasama dan bantuan anda, pelaksanaan kajian ini tidak akan dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Saya juga amat berbangga dengan komitmen yang diberikan oleh para pegawai dan kakitangan khususnya dari Bahagian Kependudukan, LPPKN kerana telah bertungkus-lumus dan bekerja keras dalam memastikan kejayaan kajian ini. Semoga komitmen yang tinggi dapat diteruskan dalam penyelidikan-penyelidikan yang akan datang. LAPORAN KAJIAN PEKERJA INDONESIA DI BAHAGIAN TAWAU, SABAH v KUMPULAN PENYELIDIK PENASIHAT PROJEK DATO’ HAJAH AMINAH ABDUL RAHMAN PENGARAH PROJEK DR. SITI NORLASIAH ISMAIL PN. ASMA HUSSEIN PENASIHAT LAPORAN PROF MADYA DR. ROSAZMAN HUSSIN, UMS SABAH DR. ABDUL MAJID SALLEH EN. FERLIS HJ. BULLARE @ BAHARI, UMS SABAH PENULIS LAPORAN EN. ADZMEL MAHMUD EN. WAN HASHIM WAN JAAFAR EN. ROZI MUDA EN. AHMAD HASHIMI MOHAMMAD EN. IRWAN NADZIF MAHPUL EN. ISMAHALIL ISHAK PN. NOOR AZLIN MUHAMMAD SAPRI PN. NUR AIRENA AIREEN AZMAN PN. NAJIHAH ISMAIL EN. AZLAN AZIZ CIK ROSDIANA ABD HAMID PN. LAILINA KHAIRUDIN EN. KHALED @ SYAZERIQ MUHAMAD SHUKUR PN. RAUDHATUL MAHFUZAH SHAFIAI KUMPULAN KERJA LAPANGAN EN. ZAINAL HAMID, LPPKN CIK GUSRIYANTI MARSUKI, UMS PN. NORIYATI TAHIR, LPPKN EN. UMAR WIRA DANDI, UMS PN. HUMEANI SUIP, LPPKN EN. ABDUL WAHAB MOHD ALI, UMS PN. ZARINA MOKHTAR, LPPKN CIK HARTATY ALIMIN, UMS EN. FARID MAHFUDZ, LPPKN CIK KALSIA MATIN, UMS PN. SABRIAH ISMAIL, LPPKN EN. SUKUR LAPUSU, UMS PN. ELIZABETH SUZANNA AK BIREN, LPPKN CIK JENNIFER YUKIN, UMS EN. SHAMSUL BIN IBRAHIM, LPPKN EN. ABDUL NAJAL PUNJUNG, UMS EN. SYED ABDUL RAZAK SAYED MAHADI, UM EN. ISAN SARI HJ HASSANG, UMS CIK FADILAH SYAHIRAH JURUP, UMS CIK FATWA SAH RIZE, UMS CIK MARLIZAH YUGAN, UMS vi LAPORAN KAJIAN PEKERJA INDONESIA DI BAHAGIAN TAWAU, SABAH ISI KANDUNGAN KATA ALUAN iii PENGHARGAAN iv KUMPULAN PENYELIDIK v SENARAI JADUAL ix SENARAI CARTA xii RINGKASAN xiv BAB 1 PENGENALAN 1 1.1 Pendahuluan 1 1.2 Migrasi Antarabangsa Di Malaysia 2 1.3 Pekerja Asing Di Malaysia 6 1.4 Pernyataan Masalah 9 1.5 Rasional Kajian 10 1.6 Objektif Kajian 10 1.7 Kepentingan Kajian 11 BAB 2 METODOLOGI 13 2.1 Pengenalan 13 2.2 Reka Bentuk 13 2.3 Lokasi 13 2.4 Populasi Dan Sampel 13 2.5 Kaedah Pensampelan 14 2.6 Soal Selidik 14 2.7 Pengumpulan Data 15 2.8 Kerja Lapangan 15 2.9 Kemasukan Dan Penganalisisan Data 16 2.10 Ujian Kebolehpercayaan 16 LAPORAN KAJIAN PEKERJA INDONESIA DI BAHAGIAN TAWAU, SABAH vii BAB 3 PROFIL RESPONDEN 19 3.1 Pengenalan 19 3.2 Profil Majikan 19 3.3 Profil Pekerja Indonesia 21 3.4 Profil Penduduk Tempatan 28 BAB 4 FAKTOR PENGHIJRAHAN, JARINGAN MAKLUMAT 33 DAN PENGALAMAN PENGHIJRAHAN PEKERJA INDONESIA 4.1 Pengenalan 33 4.2 Faktor Penghijrahan 33 4.3 Faktor Jaringan Maklumat 35 4.4 Faktor Pengalaman Penghijrahan 38 4.5 Adaptasi Dan Sosialisasi 45 4.6 Perancangan Keluarga 47 4.7 Pekerjaan 49 4.8 Pemilikan Harta Dan Pengurusan Kewangan 50 BAB 5 PERSEPSI MAJIKAN YANG MENGGAJI PEKERJA INDONESIA 57 5.1 Pengenalan 57 5.2 Faktor Pengambilan Pekerja Indonesia Berbanding 57 Pekerja Tempatan 5.3 Kaedah Dan Kos Pengambilan 60 5.4 Penggajian 65 5.5 Kemudahan Dan Kebajikan Yang Disediakan 66 viii LAPORAN KAJIAN PEKERJA INDONESIA DI BAHAGIAN TAWAU, SABAH BAB 6 PERSEPSI PENDUDUK TEMPATAN TERHADAP 67 KEHADIRAN PEKERJA INDONESIA 6.1 Pengenalan 67 6.2 Pengetahuan Umum Berkaitan Warga Asing 67 6.3 Faktor Penghijrahan Warga Indonesia Ke Sabah 69 6.4 Kesan Kehadiran Pekerja Indonesia Terhadap Penduduk Tempatan 70 BAB 7 PERSEPSI MAJIKAN, PEKERJA INDONESIA DAN PENDUDUK 79 TEMPATAN BERKAITAN PENGAMBILAN PEKERJA ASING 7.1. Pengenalan 79 7.2 Persepsi Majikan Berkaitan Dasar Dan Prosedur 79 Pengambilan Pekerja Indonesia 7.3 Persepsi Pekerja Indonesia Berkaitan Undang-Undang Dan 81 Peraturan Kemasukan Pekerja Asing Di Malaysia 7.4 Persepsi Penduduk Tempatan Berkaitan Kaedah 82 Mengawal Kemasukan Warga Indonesia Di Sabah BAB 8 PENEMUAN DAN KESIMPULAN 85 8.1 Pengenalan 85 8.2 Pekerja Indonesia 85 8.3 Persepsi Majikan 86 8.4 Persepsi Penduduk Tempatan 86 8.5 Penutup 86 RUJUKAN 89 LAPORAN KAJIAN PEKERJA INDONESIA DI BAHAGIAN TAWAU, SABAH ix SENARAI JADUAL Jadual 1.1 Taburan Penduduk Mengikut Kewarganegaraan, 4 Malaysia, 1991, 2000 dan 2010 Jadual 1.2 Taburan Penduduk Bukan Warganegara Mengikut Negeri, 4 Malaysia, 1991, 2000 dan 2010 Jadual 1.3 Taburan Penduduk Mengikut Kewarganegaraan, Sabah, 2010 5 Jadual 1.4 Pekerja Asing Mengikut Negara Asal dan Sektor, 7 Malaysia, 1999 – 2008 Jadual 1.5 Pekerja Asing Mengikut Negara Asal dan Sektor, 2011 8 Jadual 2.1 Sasaran Saiz Sampel 14 Jadual 2.2 Nilai Alfa Cronbach Dan Split-Half Bagi Domain Pada 17 Instrumen Kategori Majikan Jadual 2.3 Nilai Alfa Cronbach Dan Split-Half Bagi Domain Pada 17 Instrumen Kategori Pekerja Indonesia Jadual 2.4 Nilai Alfa Cronbach Dan Split-Half Bagi Domain Pada 18 Instrumen Kategori Penduduk Tempatan Jadual 3.1 Majikan Mengikut Sektor Dan Tempoh Operasi 20 Jadual 3.2 Majikan Yang Menggaji Pekerja Mengikut Negara Asal 20 Jadual 3.3 Bilangan Pekerja Mengikut Negara Asal 21 Jadual 3.4 Pekerja Indonesia Mengikut Profil Demografi dan 22 Sosioekonomi Jadual 3.5 Pekerja Indonesia Mengikut Pemilikan Dokumen 25 Jadual 3.6 Pekerja Indonesia Mengikut Maklumat Pasangan 26 Jadual 3.7 Pekerja Indonesia Mengikut Bilangan Anak 26 Jadual 3.8 Pekerja Indonesia Mengikut Maklumat Anak 27 Jadual 3.9 Pekerja Indonesia Yang Melahirkan Anak Di Sabah 27 Mengikut Bilangan Kelahiran Jadual 3.10 Pekerja Indonesia Yang Melahirkan Anak Di Sabah 28 Mengikut Tempat Kelahiran Jadual 3.11 Penduduk Tempatan Mengikut Profil Demografi dan 29 Sosioekonomi Jadual 4.1 Keputusan Untuk Berhijrah Ke Sabah 37 Jadual 4.2 Kos Pengurusan Dokumen Dan Perjalanan Untuk Ke Sabah 39 x LAPORAN KAJIAN PEKERJA INDONESIA DI BAHAGIAN TAWAU, SABAH Jadual 4.3 Pengalaman Perjalanan Ke Sabah 40 Jadual 4.4 Penggunaan Khidmat Tekong 42 Jadual 4.5 Aturan Tempat Tinggal 44 Jadual 4.6 Tempat Kediaman Yang Disediakan Oleh Majikan 45 Mengikut Bilangan Bilik Tidur dan Bilangan Ahli Jadual
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