October 2, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25761 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FEDERAL PENSIONS tion" that assumes all current workers will billion the sum paid into the military retire­ draw pensions, when only a third will actu­ ment trust fund in 1986. The proposal stipu­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON ally do so. lates that savings can be made only by MILITARY RETIREMENT SYSTEMS changing the amount of retirement benefits OF INDIANA paid to future enlistees, forcing the Defense IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Members of the armed services can retire at any age after 20 years of service and draw Department to recommend permanent Wednesday, October 2, 1985 half their final salaries. Pension payments changes in the military pension system and begin right after retirement and are adjust­ to report to Congress how it will achieve the Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would $4 billion savings. like to insert my Washington Report for ed annually for increases in the cost of living. Servicemen do not contribute to their Although it is unclear what changes will Wednesday, October 2, 1985, into the CON­ retirement plan, although they do contrib­ be made in the pension systems, the issue GRESSIONAL RECORD: ute to social security. The projected cost of cannot be avoided for long. Congress must FEDERAL PENSIONS the system in 1986 is $18.2 billion. look for reforms that restrian cost increases Like other employers, the U.S. govern­ Like the CSRS, the military pension is but retain features that attract skilled ment has a duty to offer its employees pen­ criticized for its price tag and generosity. people to public service and encourage expe­ sion programs that provide for security Since 1975, cost increases have far outpaced rienced workers to remain. after retirement or disability. Military and inflation, tripling in just ten years. Pension public service. However, their price has sence of any contribution by military per­ grown to over $40 billion, 5% of the federal sonnel to their own retirement, and the budget. Pensions have become the feature availability of early retirement with imme­ HURRICANE DAMAGE IN of federal employment mentioned most diate and full annuity are frequently cited APALACHICOLA BAY often to me by Hoosiers, and an area of fed­ as causing the increase. eral spending in which they are increasingly Military pensions also seem to cause the interested. military to lose experienced personnel to HON. DON FUQUA FEDERAL RETIREMENT SYSTEM early retirement. The average age of retire­ OF FLORIDA ment is 43 for officers and 40 for enlisted The Civil Service Retirement System IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES allows retirement without benefit personnel. Military retirees can collect half penalty at age 55 for employees with 30 their final salaries in pension benefits and Wednesday, October 2, 1985 also earn salaries in the private sector. At years of service. CSRS provides automatic age 65 they can draw social security with no Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, the people of annual cost-of-living-adjustments reduction in military benefits. The Defense Franklin and Wakulla Counties suffered equal to changes in the Consumer Price immense damage as a result of Hurricane Index

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member of the Senate on che floor. Boldface type indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

51-059 0-86-8 (Pt. 19) 25762 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 2, 1985 They resisted plans to speed up the devel­ of poverty, there are few choices open to smoke and mirrors. The House and Senate opment of St. George Island, one of the bar­ workers other than taking up the time-hon­ Budget Committees report its savings at rier islands, fearing that the construction of ored but difficult task of harvesting oysters. differing levels-$57 .5 billion and $55.5 bil­ resorts would pollute the bay and damage In recent years a controversy flared over a the oyster beds. move by outside investors to build a 386- lion respectively-contrasted with the Con­ When they talked among themselves room hotel, a tennis complex, a marina and gressional Budget Office's estimate of only about the future on the flyblown docks of 381 condominium units on the western end $39 ·billion in fiscal year 1986. Eastpoint and Apalachicola, where mounds of St. George Island. The project was seen Regardless of which of these projections of sunbleached shells piled high outside the as a step to create a resort playground simi­ you believe, however, it's clear we haven't corrugated shucking sheds, they seemed vul­ lar to Hilton Head, a successful develop­ gone far enough because deficits will still nerable but never yielding. ment on a South Carolina barrier island. be in the range of $200 billion annually. Now the forces of nature have done what Oystermen joined with environmentalists to the developers could not. oppose the application, but major portions Difficult choices are ahead of us. A con­ of it were approved this year, and the fight stituent of mine, John Young, of Phoenix, DEVASTATION OF HURRICANE continues over whether the developers will AZ, recently wrote an open letter to Con­ Hurricane Elena, which brushed Apalachi­ be granted the right to dig a marina. cola, with 95-mile-an-hour winds at the be­ gress with some thought-provoking re­ St. George, connected to the mainland by marks about deficit spending and the need ginning of September, created conditions a 4.4-mile bridge and causeway link, already that killed up to 90 percent of the oysters in has more than 400 dwellings, mostly vaca­ for decisive action by Congress. I ask unan­ the bay. Experts say it will take two years tion homes, and some 300 permanent resi­ imous consent that Mr. Young's letter be or longer before oysters will again be ready dents. The hurricane washed out part of the printed in the RECORD at this point for my for commercial harvesting. causeway and for two weeks residents and colleague's review. "Might be eight to 10 years before things schoolchildren used a ferry to reach the An Open Letter to the Congress of the get back to the way they was," observed mainland until the damage was repaired. United States: Curtis Gilbert, a third-generation oyster­ Backers of the project contended it would Most of us out here in the real world man. Mr. Gilbert, a medium-size man 30 help bring economic diversity to the area know what is wrong with the federal budget years old with the thick arms of one who and that the plans contained enough safe­ and how to fix it. We also know how the has worked since the age of 12 out on the guards to protect the bay from pollutants. deficit got so large and we are pretty certain bay hauling oysters from the water with 12- Tens of millions of dollars has been spent it will continue to grow. foot-long tongs, was standing in line inside by the state and the Federal Government to We are also certain those of you in con­ the gymnasium of the Brown Elementary protect Apalachicola Bay and its estuary, gress know all of these things too, but you School here, waiting to sign forms for Fed­ with the result that it is one of the cleanest probably are not really that serious about eral disaster relief. big-river systems in the United States. putting things in order. You will raise the There are some 1,000 men like Mr. Gilbert The bay's shallowness Cits aver~ge depth total debt ceiling to two trillion dollars. You who work the oyster beds in Apalachicola is less than seven feet), low-salinity levels are currently playing political football with Bay, and 3,000 others who depend in one and other elements combine to make it one a 50 billion dollar deficit reduction bill in way or another on the oyster for a living. of the most productive oyster breeding the shadow of a 200 billion dollar per year When the hurricane's sustained northeast grounds anywhere, according to Robert J. mountain of red ink. This is going to be a winds drove a carpet of mud and silt across Livingston, director of the Center for real fix of the old system, right? Wrong. the beds, suffocating the oysters, the men's Aquatic Research and Resource Manage­ The debt is a direct result of years of livelihoods died with the shellfish. ment at Florida State University. Dr. Living­ promising us something for nothing-free "I went out a few days after the storm," ston is considered a leading expert on the lunches so to speak, and delivering on those Mr. Gilbert recalled mournfully. "There was bay and its oysters. promises. You also got us into a couple of nothing but mounds of sand where there IRONY OF NATURAL DISASTER wars along the \Vay, wasted huge sums of used to be oysters." Loss of the oysters, the mainstay of the "A striking irony of this is that a lot of money, lost the wars and seriously demor­ $20 million seafood industry derived from time and money has been spent protecting laized us as an added benefit. The end result the 200-square-mile system of bays nour­ this resource from man and now a natural of this huge debt will be inflation, then de­ ished by the Apalachicola River, was the disaster has wiped out oyster production," pression and economic and social chaos. biggest blow the storm delivered to Florida. he observed. "If it ain't broke, don't fix it" does not The state escaped the full force of the hur­ The storm also struck at the end of the apply here. It is broke and in desperate need ricane as it stalled in the Gulf of Mexico off spawning season, which means that regen­ of fixing. We know that the budget can be the coast before reversing itself and back­ eration will not begin on a large scale until balanced by a planned and systematic re­ tracking to a landfill in Louisiana. the end of next summer, he said. duction in spending, by insisting on getting Still, storm damage in Florida totaled $75 "In the short term it will be very hard on fair value for that spending, by letting pri­ million, according to Tom Lewis Jr., Secre­ the people who depend on the bay for their vate enterprise take over all of the things tary of the Florida Department of Commu­ livelihood, but the bay's going to come the government does poorly email delivery nity Affairs. back," he added. "It's just a matter of time." would be a good place to begin), and last of "The damage is worse than I thought it Too long a time for oystermen like Curtis all by collecting taxes on a fair and equal would be, considering Elena only gave us a Gilbert. "If I get the chance, I'm clearing basis through the least complicated flat tax peck on the cheek," Mr. Lewis said. "I hate out," he said. "This is the end as far as I'm system conceivable. to think of the disaster that a good solid concerned," he added in a pause in the proc­ You have to recognize the difference be­ kiss would have meant." essing of his application for unemployment tween a hand and a hand out, between Beach erosion and damage to waterfront assistance. He held his 2-year-old son, Lee, wants and needs. All programs that serve properties were concentrated farther to the on a knee as he waited on makeshift bleach­ any real purpose should be immediately put south, north of St. Petersburg, he said. ers set up in the school gym. on a needs test basis. We believe each "The beach at Indian Rocks is now a sand­ "Maybe it's too late for me to get out, but person should be given the freedom to work bar out in the Gulf," he added. not for him," he continued, indicating his out his own destiny. Freedom is more impor­ son with a nod of his head. "It's too hard a tant than security. We must be allowed to NEW BUILDING GUIDELINES life. There has to be something more for succeed and fail. You've probably forgotten, Redevelopment of that area is presenting him than tonging oysters all his life." but the word is "free" enterprise. thorny issues to a state that is attempting The only legitimate purposes of govern­ to slow down or end construction along the ment, as established by the Constitution, coast. The Legislature has created guide­ AN OPEN LETTER TO THE CON- are protection against foreign enemies maintenance of law and order do­ owners of storm-damaged homes from re­ STATES mestically (putting down insurrection and building unless they conform with higher riots), and ensuring justice . the structure and assuring that it can with­ HON. ELDON RUDD Now here's the hard part! You have to tell stand winds of 140 miles an hour. OF ARIZONA us there will be no more free lunches; no Franklin County, which embraces Apa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES subsidies for not working or producing, no lachicola Bay, was already one of the poor­ Wednesday, October 2, 1985 cost-plus contracts, no fact-finding junkets est in the state before Elena struck. With . no more gain with no fewer than 6,000 residents, many of them Mr. RUDD. Mr. Speaker, the budget reso­ pain. And, from now on, everyone pays his poorly educated and living on the hard edge lution adopted in August is filled with fair share. The word "rights" should be hy- October 2, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25763 phenated to become rights-responsibilities. Mr. Speaker, I insert Trude Feldman's A practicing attorney for 30 years, Kam­ You must also pledge never to begin the enlightening interview with the President's pelman noted that negotiating with the So­ free lunch promises oever again by provid­ Ambassador to the arms talks in the viets has similarities to practicing law. "One ing a balanced budget amendment to the needs extensive preparation and one needs Constitution. That's going to be really RECORD: to analyze possible arguments of the other tough! [From the Evening Sun, Sept. 18, 19851 side," he said. We must try to figure out "But," you say, "my re-election will be in CONFESSIONS OF AN ARMS CONTROL what's in the best interest of the other side, jeopardy." If re-election is that important to NEGOTIATOR: PATIENCE Is THE KEY and what are their objectives. Then we must you, then you probably shouldn't be there explore whether their interests and objec­ in the first place. After all, you are our The third round of formal talks on arms tives overlap with ours. That means we elected representatives, the caretakers of control begins tomorrow in Geneva, and the must think through, and be firm about our our country, serving in the congress on our Soviet and American delegations are braced interests and objectives. To the extent they behalf. for difficult and prolonged sessions. overlap, that's what we try to emphasize." We really don't think you will do it. You The negotiators are bound by confiden­ He said it is important not to let personal­ will keep talking, playing politics, pointing tiality from giving interviews on details of ities interfere with issues and interests. "We fingers, and blaming everyone and every­ their talks. However, Max M. Kampelman, want to persuade them that we want an thing. You should have mirrors mounted on head of the U.S. delegation, did agree to tell agreement-if we really want an agreement. your desks for the finger pointing exercises. what it's like to negotiate with the Soviets But, if we're over-eager to reach an agree­ And, if you don't do it, the consequences on issues of war and peace. ment, we're at a disadvantage because we will be the greatly diminished capacity and "It is the greatest challenge of my life, could lose sight of our interests just for the eventually the demise of a once proud, albeit the most difficult and grueling," sake of a piece of paper," he said. "And the strong and respected country. Kampelman said in an exclusive interview. other side would then see our eagerness and If there is any justice in all of this, it will "I am direct and firm about the positions I expect us to make concessions. The one fun­ lie in the fact that your children and their take and I do not mislead. I need to be tena­ damental difference between a business ne­ children will have to bear the consequences cious if the Soviets are to take me serious­ gotiation and negotiating with the Soviets is right along side of our's. The ball is now in ly." that in dealing with the Soviets the issue is your court. Drop it this time and the game He said the negotiating process is vital to much more complex." is over. managing relations with the Soviet Union, Aside from the fact that there is a ques­ Respectfully, and that the managing function can be as tion of war and peace involved, the U.S. has JOHN YOUNG, important as the particular solution to a fundamental differences with the Soviet Young Builders, Inc. specific problem. "It isn't simply two people Union-different cultures and values. While talking to each other," he said. "I'm trying we believe in freedom and democracy, the to see what, if anything, can reduce ten­ Soviets believe in authority, and our individ­ AN INTERVIEW WITH MAX KAM­ sions. The Soviets are well-trained people ual perceptions are that we have differing PELMAN ON AN INSIDE LOOK with much experience. I, of course, treat national interest, Kampelman explained. AT GENEVA them like human beings. They are." Moreover, there is mistrust one with the Last January, President Reagan asked other and this realization is so basic that it HON. JACK F. KEMP Kampelman to lead the three-track negoti­ can't permit the U.S. to think about negoti­ ating team, which includes former Senator ations as if the U.S. is doing business as OF NEW YORK John Tower of , who handles negotia­ usual. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions on strategic nuclear arms, and May­ Kampelman was asked if the Russian po­ Wednesday, October 2, 1985 nard W. Glitman, a career foreign service sition is predictable in that there is no dif­ officer, who is responsible for intermediate ference who is on the Soviet negotiating Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, with the re­ range nuclear forces. Kampelman's respon­ team. He responded that the individual se­ sumption of the latest round of arms con­ sibility is to oversee negotiations on defense lected to negotiate for the Soviets is not as trol negotiations in Geneva, the West has and space weapons. important as he might be in private negotia­ been treated to a barrage of rhetoric from He said despite personal and professional tion because the decisions are made in the Soviets about their purported arms con­ sacrifices he took the assignment because Moscow on the fundamental issues, and the trol efforts. There is little doubt that the he appreciates the urgency of the mission instructions sent are precise and circum­ Soviets are intent on raising expectations and the enormity the responsibility. "I am scribed. The negotiator is then asked to try in anticipation of the November meeting public service-oriented," he said, "and this is to achieve those goals within those circum­ a chance to do my best to help avoid war scribed instructions. between Gorbachev and President Reagan. without losing our values." After accepting the job of chief of the They would like that meeting to be domi­ Prior to this current assignment, Kampel­ U.S. delegation to Geneva, and prior to the nated by arms control posturing, and thus man was appointed by President Carter, and opening of the first round of talks last avoid such hard questions as human rights reappointed by President Reagan, as ambas­ March, Kampelman attended numerous violations, the continuing Soviet occupa­ sador and head of the U.S. Delegation to briefings with experts in various fields. He tion of Afghanistan, Soviet violations of the Conference on Security and Coopera­ spent 80 percent of his time in preparation. past arms control agreements, and Soviet tion in Europe. The three-year conference In Geneva, no two days are alike. Kampel­ support of international terrorism and sub­ in Madrid led to the only significant agree­ man is on the job 12 hours a day. His sched­ ment between Reagan and the Soviet ule includes constant reading and studying, version in many parts of the world. Union. testing. 4 Their letter provoked a strong re- warhead stockpile was designed assuming The two letters accompanying this article that testing would always continue can be take opposing positions on a central issue in 1 Michael Heylin. "Soviet Moratorium Raises Test accurate only if the labs were deliberately the debate on a comprehensive nuclear test Ban Issues," Chemical and Engineering News