Tranche 3: 120 MW Lower Kopili Hydroelectric Project
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Environmental Impact Assessment April 2018 India: Assam Power Sector Investment Program – Tranche Supplementary EIA Volume 3 Prepared by Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGCL), Government of Assam for the Asian Development Bank. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. LOAN 3327 IND ASSAM POWER SECTOR INVESTMENT PROGRAM – TRANCHE 2 Consulting Services for Supplemental Environmental Assessment for Lower Kopili Hydropower Project Final Report (Volume 3 - Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Report) Submitted to: Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited INDIA November 2017 TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objective of the IWRMP component ....................................................................................... 2 1.3 Scope of the IWRMP Study ..................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Major Tasks ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Project Description ................................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Organization of Report ............................................................................................................. 4 2. THE KOPILI RIVER BASIN .......................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Physical Context ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 The Socio-economic Context ................................................................................................ 12 2.2.1 Population ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Agriculture ....................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Plantation & Horticulture ................................................................................................. 19 2.2.4 Livestock and Dairy ........................................................................................................ 19 2.2.5 Mineral resources ........................................................................................................... 19 2.2.6 Industries ........................................................................................................................ 20 2.2.7 Transport & communication ............................................................................................ 22 2.2.8 Hydropower Development .............................................................................................. 22 2.2.9 Overall Development ...................................................................................................... 24 2.3 Climate Change Issues.......................................................................................................... 24 2.3.1 Climate Risk Screening with Special reference to Lower Kopili Hydroelectric Project .. 25 3. WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND FLOODING ISSUES ....................................... 26 3.1 Hydropower Development ..................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Domestic Water Supply ......................................................................................................... 27 3.3 Irrigation ................................................................................................................................. 30 3.4 Fisheries ................................................................................................................................ 32 3.5 Navigation .............................................................................................................................. 33 3.6 Water Quality ......................................................................................................................... 34 3.7 Maintenance of environmental flows in the river reaches ..................................................... 38 3.8 Ground Water ........................................................................................................................ 39 3.9 Flooding Issues ...................................................................................................................... 39 3.9.1 Remote sensing studies on flooding .............................................................................. 41 4. REVIEW OF KOPILI RIVER BASIN PLANS ............................................................................. 46 4.1 The Kopili-Kallang Basin Master Plan, 1995 ......................................................................... 46 4.1.1 Financial Implications for Implementation of Recommended Measures ....................... 47 4.2 Hydropower Development Plans ........................................................................................... 48 4.2.1 Power Scenario of Assam .............................................................................................. 49 4.2.2 Kopili Basin ..................................................................................................................... 50 4.2.3 Kopili Hydro-Electric Power Plants (KHEP) .................................................................... 53 4.2.4 Proposed Lower Kopili HEP (LKHEP) ............................................................................ 53 4.2.5 Proposed Middle Borpani Hydropower Project (24 MW) ............................................... 54 4.3 Small Hydropower Projects ................................................................................................... 54 4.4 Irrigation Development ........................................................................................................... 57 4.5 Flood Mitigation by Water Resources Development ............................................................. 59 5. DATA COLLECTION & REVIEW ............................................................................................... 61 5.1 Data Availability & Sources ................................................................................................... 61 Consulting Services for Supplemental Environmental Assessment for Lower Kopili Hydropower Project IWRMP Report 5.2 Meteorological Data ............................................................................................................... 62 5.2.1 Rainfall ............................................................................................................................ 62 5.2.2 Temperature ................................................................................................................... 65 5.2.3 Evaporation ..................................................................................................................... 66 5.2.4 Discharge Data ............................................................................................................... 66 5.2.5 Flood Data ...................................................................................................................... 69 5.2.6 Assessment of recent trends of discharge: .................................................................... 72 5.2.7 Pre-and Post-dam discharge Scenarios ......................................................................... 73 6. LAND USE ANALYSIS AND WATERSHED RESTORATION .................................................. 86 6.1 Past studies ........................................................................................................................... 86 6.2 Latest Land Use – Land Cover (LULC) Analysis .................................................................. 91 6.3 Watershed Restoration .......................................................................................................... 96 6.3.1 Improvement of Land Use .............................................................................................. 96 6.3.2 Critical Areas and key threats in the Kopili Catchment .................................................. 97 6.3.3 Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan pertaining to LKHEP Catchment ..................... 98 6.3.4 Additional measures to be adopted for Catchment Area Treatment .............................. 99 7. REVIEW OF POLICY AND LEGISLATION ............................................................................. 103 7.1 National Water Policy .......................................................................................................... 103 7.1.1 National Water Mission