Farmers, Fishers and Others in Agriculture to Forced Migration

16 October 2018 World Food Day Our Actions are our Future.

A #ZeroHunger world by 2030 is possible. hunger. The Zero Hunger goal, or SDG2 (end hunger, their well-being is fundamental to reducing malnutrition in achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote all its forms, improving food production systems for everyone, sustainable agriculture), is at the heart of FAO’s mission. and preserving the long-term health of the earth’s natural resources. Gains at risk In a world which produces enough food for everyone, one What can be done? person in nine suffers from chronic hunger. A 2017 FAO report The good news is, there is more information than ever on found more than 815 million people suffered from chronic what works in the fight against hunger and malnutrition, undernourishment in 2016, up 38 million from 2015. Well over even amid extreme challenges. But achieving Zero Hunger half of them live in countries affected by conflict. Some 155 worldwide will require people to work more closely together, million children under five are stunted. At the same time, 1.9 globally and locally, to improve everyone’s opportunities to billion people are overweight, 600 million of which are obese, live healthy, productive lives. increasing their risk of disease and death.

What has happened? FAO and Zero Hunger Violent conflicts around the world have increased, particularly in countries already facing food insecurity, contributing FAO works directly with farmers, fishers and others in agriculture to forced migration. Drought and other extreme weather to build their knowledge and resilience. It also supports global phenomena have adversely affected food supplies and efforts to achieve Zero Hunger at international, regional and national levels, providing decision-makers with solid and income and led to increased displacement. These factors, relevant evidence: combined with economic slowdowns and rapidly-increasing • statistics and monitoring data; overweight and obesity levels, have chipped away at more than a decade of progress in the fight against hunger and • advice on the formulation, implementation and promotion of malnutrition. international treaties and legal frameworks; • support for national agriculture and food policies, strategies and legislation;

©FAO/Giulio Napolitano ©FAO/Giulio In the past year alone, the world has faced one of the largest humanitarian crises ever, with 20 million people at risk of • advocacy for support from other sectors; famine in four countries - Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and • assistance/guidance in monitoring progress against SDG A VISION WORTH FIGHTING FOR Yemen. One child dies every twelve seconds from hunger. indicators/targets. Transformation is crucial The fight against hunger is feeling new pressure. This is the moment to redouble efforts to achieve the Despite these dramatic conditions, a recent global economic After a period of decline, chronic hunger and globally-agreed goal of Zero Hunger, as spelled out in Agenda upturn has opened a new window of opportunity for nations, 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Taking continents, sectors and professions to put Zero Hunger malnutrition are on the rise again globally, action is not an option. It is a necessary step to a truly threatening to turn back decades of gains. efforts back on track. This requires a fundamental, ongoing sustainable future for all. transformation in the way in which we grow our food, manage natural resources and support vulnerable communities. Conflict, climate, the economy, inequality. These are just Partners for a sustainable future some of the reasons why the goal of a Zero Hunger world In September 2015, 193 countries at the UN Sustainable The rural connection may seem more difficult to achieve than before. And tackling Development Summit in New York adopted Agenda 2030 and The global goal to achieve Zero Hunger in 2030 cannot be malnutrition, in all its forms, is increasingly complicated by the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Participants pledged reached without addressing the connections between food overweight and obesity. But experience has shown that food to end poverty and hunger, protect the planet and ensure security and rural development. Eighty percent of the world’s security and nutrition can make great strides when countries, prosperity for all. Many goals, such as good health and quality poor live in rural areas where people depend on agriculture,

institutions and people work together. education for all, cannot be achieved without first addressing fisheries or forestry for a living. Protecting and promoting Celis ©FAO/Noel

2 3 WORKING WITH COUNTRIES ©FAO photo ©FAO

FAO uses its many areas of Indonesia was one of the original technical expertise to support signatories of the FAO Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA), designed countries in their commitment to deter illegal and underreported to achieve Zero Hunger. fishing (IUU). Under the agreement, countries prevent vessels engaged in In South Sudan, FAO is helping farmers IUU fishing from using ports and landing their catches, keeping fishery products SPOTLIGHT: Tacking the double to control Fall Armyworm (FAW), which burden of undernourishment and feeds primarily on maize. FAO has derived from IUU fishing from reaching launched a mobile application to help national and international markets. overweight farmers in sub-Saharan Africa identify In Egypt, FAO partnered with university In Guatemala, improving food security FAW, report the levels of infestation and means tackling the double burden of experts to train grape and tomato share information on natural enemies chronic undernutrition and a rapid that could help to curb its spread. farmers in ways to reduce post-harvest increase in overweight and obesity. food losses by improving harvesting, Guatemala has the highest rate of In Pakistan, profitable women-owned sorting, grading, packaging, storage, food malnutrition among young children enterprises are being developed and safety, quality control and marketing in Latin America and the Caribbean, strengthened, helping women to practices. and one of the highest in the world. Indigenous families are especially hard earn more money, reduce their daily hit. FAO has helped the government to In Cabo Verde, the Gambia and workloads, and invest their earnings in develop its new school-feeding law to businesses or households. Senegal, FAO’s “One million cisterns increase children’s access to healthy for the Sahel” program uses rainwater school menus based on locally-sourced In Kyrgyzstan, FAO is helping to restore harvesting and storage systems to and fresh ingredients from family the fisheries sector after its collapse help vulnerable communities, and farming. This form of social protection due to a variety of factors, including especially women, to access and save meshes with related plans to improve

©FAO/Amos Gumulira ©FAO/Amos overfishing, non-native fish species, the safe drinking water, enhance family the quality of schooling and develop need for improved management, climate agricultural production and nutrition, new markets for local agriculture and conditions and poverty. and strengthen resilience. fisheries. FAO has helped to develop SPOTLIGHT: Helping refugees and host communities other strategies and laws related to food and nutrition security through its Forced and distress migration have led to increases in food regional Hunger-free Latin America and insecurity. Since 2017, FAO has provided agricultural vocational the Caribbean Initiative. It supported training to Syrian refugees in Turkey and to vulnerable members development of the Parliamentary of the local communities that host refugees. Front against Hunger (PFH), which Trainees across five provinces are learning about cultivating includes national and sub-national apples, olives, and grapes, processing citrus fruits and chilli fronts committed to Zero Hunger. peppers, greenhouse vegetable production, livestock husbandry, Representatives of these partnerships irrigation management and more. Many have already found jobs are among those expected at the First in a region which is facing a shortage of agricultural workers. World Parliamentary Summit Against Hunger and Malnutrition, scheduled to take place in Madrid on 28 October 2018. ©FAO/Carly Learson ©FAO/Carly

4 5 WHAT CAN COUNTRIES DO? FAST FACTS ABOUT HUNGER

Eliminating hunger and Empower local authorities Provide equal opportunities The world 1.9 billion people – more than a quarter of malnutrition makes good Work with and engage key actors to Use policies and investments to reduce produces enough business sense for countries and provide the tools and support needed by inequality, address gender gaps and food to feed the world’s population their governments. Here are some individuals, communities and businesses. provide opportunities. everyone, yet one – are overweight. of the actions public entities can person in nine suffers 600 million of these are obese and 3.4 million take. Curb the costs of malnutrition Adopt international agreements from chronic hunger. and instruments people die each year due Improve access to nutrition and nutrition An estimated 815 to overweight. Leave no one behind education, safeguard children, and ensure Consider treaties and instruments on million people that adults have what they need to live the fair and effective conservation, Boost social protection schemes to lift from chronic In many countries more healthy, productive lives. management and development of suffered the most vulnerable out of poverty. resources while safeguarding the hunger in 2016, people die from Prioritize inclusive development and environment. according to FAO figures. obesity than from equitable economic growth. Partner with academia homicides. Use policies to connect solutions Build strategic partnerships with Reach out to FAO Roughly 60 percent academic and research institutions, Make use of the knowledge and expertise of the world’s hungry Malnutrition costs Increase focus on national Zero Hunger generating information to face food of FAO and its UN partners. FAO has are women. the global economy the strategies. Promote connections between security and nutrition challenges. specialists in the fields of agriculture, equivalent of USD 3.5 social protection, sustainable agriculture, nutrition, climate change, statistical and About trillion a year. nutrition, health and education policies. 80 percent Create an investment-friendly monitoring data, agriculture and food of the world’s policy formulation and implementation, extreme poor FAO estimates that Work together environment national strategies and legislation. live in rural areas. agricultural Ensure effective citizen involvement, Provide clear regulatory frameworks and Most of them depend on production must enhance coordination mechanisms, stable institutions. Reward entrepreneurship, agriculture. by about facilitate dialogue. mitigate risks, prevent and solve disputes, rise 60 Create incentives for different sectors and create market opportunities, and address percent by 2050 in stakeholders to work together. uncertainties and failures. Nyakudjara ©FAO/Believe Hunger kills more order to feed a larger people every year than and generally richer malaria, tuberculosis and population. SPOTLIGHT: Heritage, Sustainability and GIAHS AIDS combined. FAO’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) are ancestral sites around the world which are known for their agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems and Around 45 percent cultural heritage. Their activities include terraced rice cultivation; the production of of infant deaths saffron, salt and Wasabi; unique water-catchment and irrigation techniques; pastoral and fish-farm systems, and others. These fifty systems are at risk due to such factors as climate are related to change, increased competition for natural resources, migration and trade challenges. malnutrition. Inclusion in the GIAHS program allows others to learn from their time-honored techniques. Stunting still affects 155 It also helps farmers to modernize their approaches to trade and markets. Innovation has million children under the led to broader or new markets and increased business through eco-labelling, agritourism, age of five years. e-business, youth empowerment and other approaches. © Xiaofen Yuan

6 7 SPOTLIGHT: Dimitra Clubs and WHAT CAN FARMERS DO? gender roles FAO’s Dimitra Clubs aim to improve the Farmer Field and Life Schools to teach visibility of rural people, especially Men and women in agriculture, women, with an emphasis on knowledge fisheries and forestry can make youngsters about agriculture, nutrition, sharing and discussion. In the daily changes that contribute to business and other skills. Democratic Republic of the Congo, men a hunger-free world. Here are and women in the province of Tshopo Make your voice heard held Dimitra Club discussions about some key ideas: fishing, which was traditionally carried Get involved in policy, programme, and out by men. They decided to include monitoring processes at all levels. Share women as fishers and saw increases in Promote equality experiences and knowledge through household fish catches and incomes, Promote gender equality and the local cooperatives. which benefited entire communities. empowerment of women and youth. Provide fair and equal access to Seek out farmer-friendly opportunities to improve food security technology for all. Use mobile device apps and other digital technology and software to Use resource efficiency access and share weather-and market- Manage natural resources sustainably related information quickly and discover and efficiently and diversify crops. innovative farming solutions. ©FAO/Desirey Minkoh Minkoh ©FAO/Desirey Adapt to climate change Use sustainable livestock ©FAO/ Tamiru Legesse Tamiru ©FAO/ Grow more food with the same amount practices Desouki ©FAO/Khaled of land and water. Use seeds that Improve animals’ diets to reduce enteric are more resistant to drought and fermentation and methane emission. SPOTLIGHT: Crop diversity and land disease. Breed livestock suited to local Use biogas-plant initiatives to recycle management temperatures. Create storm-proof ponds manure. Variety is one of the keys to sustainable and cages for fish, and plant trees that farming. Growing pressure to use land are heat-and drought-tolerant. Engage in responsible fishing for biofuel production and bio-fortified foods also increases the need to Conserve, manage and develop living Cut post-harvest losses maintain agro-biodiversity. Planting a aquatic resources with respect for the diverse selection of crops can help to Use adequate storage facilities, be aware ecosystem and biodiversity. Prevent maintain healthy soils, regulate pests of the latest technology and undergo illegal unreported and unregulated and diseases, improve pollination and relevant training. fishing (IUU) and support adherence reduce the impact of climate change to the Port State Measures Agreement, by decreasing carbon dioxide in the Educate future farmers which targets IUU. atmosphere. Invest in young people’s education and opportunities. Use FAO’s Junior ©FAO/Vasily Maximov Maximov ©FAO/Vasily Minichiello ©FAO/Cristiano

8 9 WHAT CAN PRIVATE BUSINESSES DO? Did you know? • Most of the world’s hungry and 75 percent of stunted children under age five, live in countries affected by Companies and private Empower women Establish #ZeroHunger partnerships conflict. enterprises can make an Ensuring women enjoy the same Businesses can reach out to each other or to civil and • In developing countries, up to 83 percent of the overall enormous difference in efforts employment opportunities as men is a public partners to share knowledge and resources, develop economic impact of drought, which climate change is to achieve Zero Hunger, crucial, poverty-reduction step. innovative strategies and discover new opportunities. expected to intensify, falls on agriculture. regardless of their size. • One third of the food produced worldwide is lost or wasted. Partner with academia Reach out to FAO The global costs of food wastage are approximately USD 2.6 ©FAO/Roberto Sandoval ©FAO/Roberto trillion per year, including environmental and social costs. Eliminate food waste Strategic partnerships with academia Leading global businesses have partnered with FAO to develop and research institutions can generate technologies, share their expertise, and provide help and Develop better storage, processing, significant and relevant information. assistance. transport and retailing processes. Look at the SAVE FOOD global partnership between FAO and Messe Düsseldorf Be resource-efficient & GmbH for more ideas (www.fao.org/save- responsible food). Curb company water and energy consumption. Reduce heating Source locally temperatures. Source products and Contribute to the local economy in services from partners who follow humane, environmentally-friendly practices. Use ©FAO/Khaled Desouki ©FAO/Khaled developing countries and cut costs by sourcing materials and services locally. sustainable practices. Seafood businesses, for example, can follow the Code of Share your knowledge Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (www.

fao.org/fishery/code). ©IAEA/Louise Potterton Companies with effective solutions or practices to reduce waste, protect the environment or fight hunger and Champion food safety WHAT CAN YOU DO? malnutrition can share knowledge with Food businesses and manufacturers other public and private entities. Tech must strive to achieve better food safety giants like Google have developed and quality along the food chains, mobile apps and other digital tools to Zero Hunger is everyone’s mission and everyone especially in developing countries. stands to benefit. mitigate damage caused by extreme Global food companies like Mars are weather conditions and crop pests. promoting international standards to ensure safer, healthier foods. Governments, organizations, farmers and private-sector Promote financial inclusion interests can have an enormous impact in the quest for Zero Magnify the #ZeroHunger Hunger, but they cannot do it alone. Everyone must play a Financial-sector companies can explore role, every day, by using the Earth’s resources more wisely, ways to provide credit or money to message following nutritious diets, reducing waste, taking on more households for purchases of basic Media companies, or any business with a sustainable lifestyles, and sharing ideas and opinions on how needs and farming inputs on local communication network, can educate the to accomplish these things. markets. MasterCard is doing this in public about #ZeroHunger, following the To find the latest news on #ZeroHunger visit the FAO website, Kenya and elsewhere. example of Thomson Reuters and others. or follow us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. ©Patrick Zachmann/Magnum Photos ©FAO/Ami Vitale ©FAO/Ami

10 11 World Food Day

Each year, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) celebrates World Food Day on 16 October to commemorate the founding of the Organization in 1945. Events are organized in over 150 countries across the world, making it one of the most celebrated days of the UN calendar. These events promote worldwide awareness and action for those who suffer from hunger and for the need to ensure food security and nutritious diets for all. World Food Day is also an important opportunity to send a strong message to the public: we can end hunger in this lifetime and become the Zero Hunger Generation, but everyone needs to work together to achieve this goal.

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