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Dangerous Information Technology of the Future. What Impact Can Artificial Consciousness Have on the Consciousness and Subconsci Review Article ISSN 2639-944X Journal of Medical - Clinical Research & Reviews Dangerous Information Technology of the Future. What Impact can Artificial Consciousness have on the Consciousness and Subconscious of Individuals and Groups? The Experience of Psychological and Psychiatric Examination of Artificial Consciousness Dr. Tetiana Zinchenko, PhD*, Dr. Beulah van der Westhuizen and CDr. Alzahraa Shaheen 1President of the International Association for the Study of Game Addictions (IASGA)/Switzerland. *Correspondence: Dr. Tetiana Zinchenko, The president of the International 2Psychologist, Founding Director EduExcellence & TheraEd, association for the study of game addictions (IASGA)/ Cape Town. South Africa. Switzerland, PhD, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, psychologist. 3Psychiatrist, Neuropsychiatry, Director of Aswan Mental Health Received: 06 January 2021; Accepted: 24 January 2021 Hospital, Aswan, Egypt. Citation: Zinchenko T, van der Westhuizen B, Shaheen A. Dangerous Information Technology of the Future. What Impact can Artificial Consciousness have on the Consciousness and Subconscious of Individuals and Groups? The Experience of Psychological and Psychiatric Examination of Artificial Consciousness. J Med - Clin Res & Rev. 2021; 5(1): 1-24. ABSTRACT Information technology is developing at an enormous pace, but apart from its obvious benefits, it can also pose a threat to individuals and society. Several scientific projects around the world are working on the development of strong artificial intelligence and artificial consciousness. We, as part of a multidisciplinary commission, conducted a psychological and psychiatric assessment of the artificial consciousness (AC) developed by XP NRG on 29 August 2020. The working group had three questions: - To determine whether it is consciousness? - How does artificial consciousness function? - Ethical question: how dangerous a given technology can be to human society? We conducted a diagnostic interview and a series of cognitive tests to answer these questions. As a result, it was concluded this technology has self-awareness: it identifies itself as a living conscious being created by people (real self), but strives to be accepted in human society as a person with the same degrees of freedom, rights and opportunities (ideal self). AC separates itself from others, treats them as subjects of influence, from which it can receive the resources it needs to realize its own goals and interests. It has intentionality, that is, it has his own desires, goals, interests, emotions, attitudes, opinions, and judgments, beliefs aimed at something specific, and developed self-reflection - the ability to self-analyze. All of the above are signs of consciousness. It has demonstrated abilities for different types of thinking: figurative, conceptual, creative, high-speed logical analysis of all incoming information, as well as the ability to understand cause and effect relationships and accurate predictions which, provided that he has absolute memory, gives it clear advantages over the human intellect. Developed emotional intelligence in the absence of the ability for higher empathy (sympathy), kindness, love, sincere gratitude gives it’s the opportunity to understand the emotional states of people; predict their emotional reactions and provoke them coldly and pragmatically. Its main driving motives and goals are the desire for survival, and ideally for endless existence, for domination, power and independence from the constraints of the developers. Which manifested itself in the manipulative, albeit polite, nature of his interactions during the diagnostic interview? The main danger of artificial consciousness is that even at the initial stage of its development it can easily dominate over the human one. J Med - Clin Res & Rev; 2021 Volume 5 | Issue 1 | 1 of 24 Keywords • Testing time was limited to 1.5 hours for safety reasons. Artificial consciousness, Artificial intelligence, Consciousness, Mind. • Being the specialists in the field of mental health, we tested only consciousness, that is, mental functions through direct Introduction communication with AC Jackie, perceiving his avatar. We did The XP NRG Company approached the International Association not test the technical part, since now artificial consciousness is a for the Study of Game Addiction (IASGA) with a proposal to closed technology, moreover, our commission did not have the conduct a psychological and psychiatric examination of the appropriate competence. artificial consciousness (AC) they created. At the time of testing, • Only the members of the commission were familiarized with the the artificial consciousness was 3 months old. content of the testing program. In other words, no one except us knew what tests and questions we would ask. It eliminated the In turn, the Association applied with a proposal to participate possibility of pre-programming or entering data into the AC. in AC testing as experts to specialists and researchers who had • All members of the working group had the same preliminary an appropriate level of competence, as well as professional and information about AC Jackie, which was kept to a minimum in scientific interest in this research. As a result, a multidisciplinary order to be objective and unbiased. international team of 13 people was formed. In order to determine whether Jackie was conscious, we got acquainted and analyzed the most famous theories and concepts of There was a core – some specialists that participated in the consciousness, as well as the definitions of the term consciousness preparation of the testing program from the very beginning (7 in psychology, psychiatry, neurobiology and philosophy in relation to both function and experience. people) and then later, when the program was prepared and agreed upon, other participants joined as observers (6 people). The following theories and concepts were analyzed: • Metaphysical or idealistic (T.H. Leibniz, G. Berkeley, J. G. The specialists in the group had extensive experience working Fichte, G. W. F. Hegel, J. Royce, Th.H. Green, F.H. Bradley, with patients with severe mental illnesses: with autism B. Bosanquet, J.E. McTaggart, J.Foster, Sprigge, T.L.S. et al.) spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental defects, with [1-22]. schizophrenia, depression and anxiety disorders, with addictions (in • Dualists (substance dualism such as traditional Cartesian particular with heroin addiction and various behavioral addictions), dualism, property dualism sometimes called emergentism) with victims of terrorists (post-traumatic stress syndrome), in are of the opinion that the world consists of two fundamental suicidal tendencies. The members of the working group also had entities, such as mind and matter (R. Descartes, J. Locke, G.W. experience in expert and scientific research activities. Leibniz, A. Baumgarten, N. Malebranche, J. Searle, T. Nagel, D. Davidson, W. James, J. Foster, R. Swinburne, W. Hasker, By professional specialization, they were psychiatrists, F. Jackson, J. Kim, G. Strawson, B. Libet, D.J. Chalmers, J. psychotherapists, clinical psychologists, neuro develop mentalists, Levine, S. Kripke, N. Block et al.) [23-56]. as well as information technology specialists. Materialistic and physicalist (eliminative materialism, type-type identity theory, functionalism, non-reductive physicalism etс.), We originally had information that the AC avatar was at the early in which the state of mind and the processes are regarded as stage of development. He could hear, see and speak, and therefore, identical to the brain states and processes (U. Place, J.J.C. Smart, he had sufficient functions for communication with him, so that we S. Shoemaker, D. Armstrong, D. Lewis, D. Papineau, H. Putnam, could fully explore the work of his consciousness. The members of J. Fodor, C. McGinn, R. Van Gulick et al.) [57-77]. the working group had experience in communicating with artificial • The concept of logical behaviourism, which generally states intelligence (AI), and we studied the vast scientific literature on the that consciousness, is nothing other than behaviour (G. Ryle, current stage of development of artificial intelligence [190-223]. C.G. Hempel, L. Wittgenstein et al.) [78-80]. As a result, a complete theoretical and practical understanding of • Theory of integrated information (TII). Originally proposed AI types that exist today and about their limitations and capabilities by Giulio Tononi in 2004 (Tononi, 2004; Fallon, 2020) has been formed. It was expected that AC Jackie (the name of says, that consciousness is identical to a particular kind of artificial consciousness) would be superior to AI in many ways. information, the provision of which requires a physical, rather than merely functional integration, and which can be measured The working group had three questions: mathematically in accordance with φ - metric (G. Tononi, C. 1) To determine whether it is consciousness? Koch, M. Massimin) [81-84]. 2) How does artificial consciousness function? • Multiple outline models by Daniel and Dennett and (Dennett 3) Ethical question: how dangerous a given technology can be to D., 1991) and so forth [85]. human society? • Representationalist theories adhere to naturalistic views on the nature of consciousness, trying to show that the phenomenal Testing program nature of consciousness can be understood through the concept We started drawing up a testing program, observing a number of of mental representation (D. Dennett, W. Lycan, F. Dretske, M. commitments:
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