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Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service Providers First Edition, 2016

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Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service Providers First Edition, 2016 civil air navigation services organisation Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service Providers First Edition, 2016 2 DISCLAIMER The information contained in this publication is subject to on-going review in the light of changing authority regulations and as more is learned about the science of fatigue and fatigue management. No user or reader should act on the basis of any such information without referring to applicable laws and regulations and without taking appropriate professional advice. Although every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers’ Associations (IFATCA), the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), and other contributors to this publication, shall not be held responsible for any loss or damage caused by errors, omissions, misprints or misinterpretation of the contents hereof. Furthermore, ICAO, IFATCA, CANSO and contributors to this publication expressly disclaim any and all liability to any person or entity, whether a user of this publication or not, in respect of anything done or omitted, and the consequences of anything done or omitted, by any such person or entity in reliance on the contents of this publication. The mention of specific companies and products in this publication does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by any of the above in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned. No part of this publication may be reproduced, recast, reformatted or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the authors. Front cover photo courtesy of NAV CANADA 3 4 USE OF THIS MANUAL The Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service (ATS) Providers is one in a suite of manuals related to fatigue management. Developed specifically for ATS Providers, this manual presents information on managing fatigue risks using both a prescriptive approach to fatigue management and FRMS. This document is designed to be read in association with the ICAO Manual for the Oversight of Fatigue Management Approaches (Doc. 9966). All of the manuals in the suite of manuals are based on the work of the ICAO FRMS Task Force. The suite of Fatigue Management Manuals, and the Annexes to which they pertain, is as follows: Fatigue Management Guide for Airline Operators Annex 6, Part I (IATA/ICAO/IFALPA) The Manual for the Oversight of Fatigue Management Guide for GA Fatigue Management Operators of Large and Turbojet Annex 6, Part II Approaches (Doc. 9966) Aeroplanes (IBAC/ICAO/FSF) Fatigue Management Guide for Air Traffic Service Providers Annex 11 (CANSO/ICAO/IFATCA) i The following diagram provides an overview of the Fatigue Management Guide for ATS Providers and is presented to assist readers in navigating its contents1. The diagram separates the contents of this document into three general areas: FATIGUE THE THE FRMS MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH IN GENERAL APPROACH CHAPTER 5 FRMS: Operational Components CHAPTER 1 Introduction to CHAPTER 6 Fatigue Management FRMS: Organizational Components CHAPTER 7 FRMS: Implementation CHAPTER 4 APPENDIX B CHAPTER 2 The Prescriptive Approach Measuring ATC Fatigue The Scientific Principles for Fatigue Management APPENDIX C Procedures for Naps Taken During Work Periods APPENDIX D Recommended Fatigue Training APPENDIX D Topics CHAPTER 3 Recommended Fatigue Training Operational Knowledge Topics APPENDIX E and Experience Example of FRM Processes APPENDIX F Examples of SPIs APPENDIX A APPENDIX G Fatigue Management SARPs and their Intent Examples of FRMS Safety Assurance Processes 1 A corresponding diagram is provided in The Manual for the Oversight of Fatigue Management Approaches (Doc. 9966), to assist readers in using these manuals in parallel. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Use of this Manual ..................................................................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................................................... iii Table of Figures ...................................................................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................................................... ix Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................................................... ix Glossary ........................................................................................................................................................................ x Chapter 1. Introduction to Fatigue Management .......................................................................................................... 14 1.1 Approaches To Fatigue Management in Aviation ................................................................................................. 14 1.1.1 Comparing Prescriptive and FRMS Approaches .................................................................................................................. 15 1.2 Fatigue Management in Air Traffic Control Operations ........................................................................................ 18 Chapter 2. Scientific Principles for Fatigue Management .............................................................................................. 19 2.1 Scientific Principle 1: The Need for Sleep .............................................................................................................. 20 2.1.1 Types of Sleep ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.1.2 The Non-REM/REM Cycle .................................................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.3 Factors That Affect Sleep Quality ........................................................................................................................................ 23 2.1.4 The Impact of Continuous Time Awake ............................................................................................................................... 26 2.2 Scientific Principle 2: Sleep Loss and Recovery ..................................................................................................... 29 2.2.1 Sleep Restriction in the Laboratory ..................................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.2 Recovery from the Effects of Sleep Restriction ................................................................................................................... 32 2.2.3 Long-Term Sleep Restriction and Health ............................................................................................................................. 34 2.3 Scientific Principle 3: Circadian Effects on Sleep and Performance ...................................................................... 35 2.3.1 Examples of Circadian Rhythms .......................................................................................................................................... 35 2.3.2 Sleep Regulation: the Circadian Body Clock and the Sleep Homeostatic Process ............................................................... 36 2.3.3 How Light Synchronizes the Circadian Body Clock .............................................................................................................. 38 2.3.4 Shift Work ............................................................................................................................................................................ 40 2.4 Scientific Principle 4: The Influence of Workload.................................................................................................. 43 Chapter 3. Operational Knowledge and Experience ...................................................................................................... 45 3.1 Air Traffic Operations Context .............................................................................................................................. 45 3.2 Organizational Context .......................................................................................................................................... 46 iii 3.3 Stakeholder Responsibilities ................................................................................................................................. 47 3.3.1 Fatigue Reporting ................................................................................................................................................................ 48 Chapter 4. The Prescriptive Approach ........................................................................................................................... 49 4.1 Managing Fatigue Within Prescribed Limits and Associated Requirements ......................................................... 49 4.1.1 Complying with Prescribed Limits ......................................................................................................................................
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