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60 cents | MICA (P) 142/09/2010 8 October 2010 On Her Watch ‘An Unassuming But p2 Extraordinary Lady’ ore than 14,000 people turned up at on 4 and 5 October 2010 to pay their respects to Madam , better knownM as Mrs , who passed away on 2 October 2010 aged 89. There was an overwhelming outpouring of tributes for a woman who in her simple and humble ways made enormous contributions to her family and country. The tributes came from people, both locally and overseas, from every station of life whose lives she had touched one way or another. Though not many may know, Mrs Lee also had a hand in shaping the Labour Movement of today. In separate letters of

condolence dated 3 October 2010 to Minister Lee Family Collection Mentor Lee Kuan Yew and Mrs Lee’s eldest Mrs Lee is flanked by the two Prime Ministers in her life - her husband, current Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew on her right, and son, current Prime Minister on her left. They were at the Sotheby’s-Lee Kuan Yew Family Auction in July 2003. son, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, the Labour Movement mourned their loss of a loving wife, caring Singapore are deeply indebted.” mother and doting grandmother, who was always a pillar of Delivering a moving eulogy at the funeral service of Mrs Lee on 6 strength and source of inspiration and comfort. October 2010, MM Lee celebrated her life and summed up: “I have While MM Lee was in the forefront as a court lawyer for unions precious memories of our 63 years together. Without her, I would be a in the days when union leaders tackled irresponsible employers, different man, with a different life. communist infiltration and combative trade union practices, Mrs “She devoted herself to me and our children. She was always Lee also played her part. there when I needed her. She has lived a life full of warmth and The letters said: “Madam Kwa provided legal advice to meaning. I should find solace at her 89 years of her life well lived. But the NTUC quietly, on a pro bono basis, never seeking credit at this moment of the final parting, my heart is heavy with sorrow and for herself. She was also a principal drafter of the Singapore grief.” Labour Foundation Act. Her selfless service will not In his equally moving eulogy, PM Lee said: “Over these last few days, I and my family have been deeply touched by the outpouring be forgotten by successive generations of of condolences and fond recollections from people of all walks of life. younger union leaders.” She touched the lives of all those who met her, and many more who The letters also highlighted Mrs Lee’s critical role over the knew of her only through television images, media reports or word of years in taking care of the family and giving MM Lee the peace of mouth. They sensed what a special person she was, and how much mind to focus on building up Singapore, for which “the workers of she had quietly contributed to Singapore.”

We in the Labour Movement are saddened by the passing of Mrs Lee. Together with Minister “Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, Mrs Lee helped unions fight unscrupulous employers in the 1950s and 1960s for better wages and working conditions. The legal assistance given by Lee & Lee then helped to lay the foundation for the Labour Movement to progress to where we are today. For this, we Courtesy of MICA A Labour Movement delegation led by NTUC Secretary-General paid their last respects are deeply indebted to Mrs Lee, an to Madam Kwa Geok Choo on 4 October 2010 at the wake in Sri , the Prime Minister’s official outstanding person who cared a lot residence at the Istana. Bowing are (from right) NTUC Deputy Secretary-General , Mrs for our workers. She will be missed.” Lim Swee Say, NTUC Secretary-General Lim Swee Say, NTUC Vice-President Nora Kang and NTUC Vice- President Cyrille Tan. On the far left are Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and his wife Madam . NTUC Secretary-General Lim Swee Say In Memoriam: Kwa Geok Choo - 21 December 1920 to 2 October 2010 In Memoriam: Kwa Geok Choo - 21 December 1920 to 2 October 2010

Hsien Loong’s National Day Rally On Her speech in 2008, Mr Lee revealed that growing up, he and We will also his siblings were never not forget Watch short of their mother’s Madam Kwa’s attention. Mrs Lee steadfast“ support for Early Contributions Built always placed family you and your work ahead of work. over the decades, Foundation For Strong “My mother was a lawyer. But every and her dedication Labour Movement Of Today day, she came home to the upbringing of to have lunch with us. your children. Her In the NTUC Gallery at One Marina Every day, we would abiding love and quiet Boulevard, a watch takes its pride of place. It come home from devotion behind the is a Rolex. On the back of the watch case are school, the three of scenes gave you the these words: us, and my mother mental fortitude to TO Mrs L.K.Y. was there, and we had battle all odds and FROM S.U.P.T.W. lunch. Nowadays you 11-4-53 would call it quality lead Singapore from time. This was before Third World to First. From 1952, Mr Lee Kuan Yew started people invented such For this, the workers of representing a large number of unions. For big words. All it meant Singapore are deeply example, the Postal & Telecommunications was she had time for Week This NTUC indebted.” Uniformed Staff Union whose postmen went on us, we had time to talk Mrs Lee, an Honorary NTUC Member, had her strike in 1952 and the Singapore Union of Postal to her. And it was a tremendous help. image captured for the Membership Wall when NTUC’s Letter of she and Minister Mentor Lee Kuan visited the Condolence to Minister and Telecommunications Clerical Workers “She avoided going out at night for functions. She had to NTUC Gallery on 13 December 2004. Mentor Lee Kuan Yew whose case went to arbitration in 1953. go for some, to accompany my father, but business functions, Mrs Lee, also a lawyer, was always by Mr very seldom. What it meant was less takings as a lawyer, less Lee’s side frequently helping him with his clients, work, less conveyancing, but she decided her children were especially the unions. For the price of one - more important to her. And she acted on that and though it was only a nominal sum - the unions I think she was happy with that. And we’re often got the services of two lawyers. This was definitely very grateful for that.” appreciated by SUPTW, which presented the Remembering watch to Mr Lee after he won better wages for its members, but clearly, it was intended for Mrs Lee. In July 2003, 50 years after SUPTW gave Mrs Lee the watch, the Amalgamated Union Roots of Public Employees successfully bid for it at the Sotheby’s-Lee Kuan Yew Family Auction. The costumes used in the Monies raised by the auction benefitted play were borrowed from charities. The watch was donated to the NTUC a Chinese wayang troop. They Gallery. And there, it will serve as a memory of had“ under-garments of fine cane Mrs Lee Kuan Yew and her many contributions to make sure they did not touch to the Labour Movement. your body and get soiled with sweat! Talk of wearing a camel Family First shirt! But my outfit, a coolie In 1955, Mrs Lee, whose maiden name was Kwa Geok Choo, Mr Lee and his younger costume, was an authentic outfit. brother, Mr Lee Kim Yew, founded the law firm My mother and I went down to of Lee & Lee. While Mr Lee Kuan Yew went on Sungei Road and bought what to become the Prime Minister of Singapore, Mrs the coolies would have bought. Lee and Mr Lee Kim Yew took over the reins of Pure cotton, dyed with indigo. Lee & Lee. When I had it washed, I would Although lawyers have longer workdays not wear it unwashed, the blue than most professions and the demands of colour ran - real indigo.” running a successful law firm were great, Mrs Lee balanced it excellently with the role of wife Mrs Lee Kuan Yew (picture, right), and mother. Her steadfast support for Mr Lee MGS MGS Class of 1936 and his work in turn became instrumental to our nation’s tremendous growth and development Growing up, Mrs Lee Kuan Yew attended events and help raise funds. In 1991, she was a class trip to Kota Tinggi waterfalls for a from a Third World to a First World country. the Methodist Girls’ School under her maiden the guest-of-honour at the school’s Heritage picnic. The other showed her on stage, acting She was always seen by his side, whether he name, Kwa Geok Choo. “Buy-a Brick” Dinner that raised more than the part of a coolie in a school play. was a lawyer, Prime Minister, Senior Minister or She was the top student in the Senior $1 million for the building of the school’s new On 15 August 1998, when MGS together Minister Mentor, especially on diplomatic trips Cambridge examinations in 1936. She was campus at Blackmore Drive which opened in with the National Heritage Board marked the and meetings with other foreign ministers. later awarded the Queen’s Scholarship, the 1993. site at Short Street (where MGS was founded) Mr and Mrs Lee have two sons forerunner of the President’s Scholarship. Later in 1994, Mrs Lee visited the “new” as a “Heritage Site”, Mrs Lee was present to and a daughter: Mr Lee Hsien Armed with the Queen’s Scholarship, she MGS and toured the MGS Heritage Room unveil the sculpture entitled “A Place in Time” Loong, Singapore’s third Prime went to Cambridge where she read law and where two photographs of herself, taken planted just opposite the Tamil Methodist Minister; Mr , one distinguished herself by graduating with a during her school days, were displayed. She Church. Mrs Lee mentioned that she had of Singapore’s top corporate double first. had earlier donated the two photographs to attended classes at the Tamil Methodist leaders; and Professor Lee Wei Mrs Lee continued to keep close ties the collection of school memorabilia. Church and being there that day brought back Ling, a neuroscientist. with MGS, returning to celebrate milestone One photograph was taken in 1936 during happy memories of her early days in MGS. NTUC This Week This NTUC In Prime Minister Lee Minister Mentor and Mrs Lee Kuan Yew visited the NTUC Gallery on 13 December 2004 when they viewed the SUPTW watch. By Shirley-Tan Oehler, former Managing Editor of NTUC This Week In Memoriam: Kwa Geok Choo - 21 December 1920 to 2 October 2010 SPH Mrs Lee’s love for Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew has spanned more than 70 years. In February 1952, our first son Hsien Loong was born. She took maternity leave for a year. “That February, I was asked by John Laycock, the Senior Partner, to take up the case of the Postal and Telecommunications Uniformed Staff Union, the postmen’s union. They were negotiating with the government for better terms and conditions of service. Negotiations were deadlocked and they decided to go on strike. It was a battle for public support. I was able to put across the reasonableness of their case through the press and radio. After a fortnight, they won concessions from the government. Choo, who was at home on maternity leave, pencilled through my draft statements, making them simple and clear.” Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew in his eulogy at the funeral service of his wife Kwa Geok Choo on 6 October 2010 Courtesy of MICA In recognition of Mrs Lee’s contributions to the country for more than 50 years, a ceremonial gun carriage brought her casket from Sri Temasek to Mandai Crematorium for the funeral.

Pg 10 voiceforu • workingfor 5 Unions’ Social Media Journey Makes Headway Over the next 6 months, classes will be organised for over 600 union leaders by the Ong Teng Cheong Labour “Leadership Institute and NTUC’s IT Department. NTUC Learning Hub is one of the key training providers.” skills and those who Dr Kwong Yuk Wah do not. Over the next 6 NTUC Competency Director (Information Technology) months, classes will be organised for over 600 few union leaders came to thank union leaders by the Ong my team and I for giving them Teng Cheong Labour the opportunity to attend the Leadership Institute and Social Media Executive Class NTUC’s IT Department. last week. It is one of the three NTUC Learning Hub is core courses of the Social Media Learning one of the key training FrameworkA for our union leaders. providers. They expressed keen interest in learning In addition, we basic Infocomm Technology skills such as leverage on resources Internet surfing and cyber security. The outside the Labour executive class had given them an overview Movement. NTUC has of Social Media, and some union leaders been working closely had even requested for hands-on Social with the Infocomm Media 101 classes to learn how to use Development Authority (IDA) to tap on national 2.0. Many of these unions have also set up Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. The last programmes such as the Silver Infocomm Facebook pages. issue of NTUC This Week highlights their initiative, and other IDA programmes to get I am often invited to join them on learning experience. citizens acquainted with the technologies and Facebook where I can see the photos and NTUC’s IT Department has established to apply them in their daily lives. updates of their activities. It is very heart- a Social Media Learning Framework for To-date, eleven unions have re-developed warming and encouraging to witness the our union leaders. This framework aims their websites to Web 2.0 which has the new humble start of the Labour Movement’s to bridge the digital divide that has left a media elements. By December 2010, six more New Media and Social Media journey and gap between those who possess these unions’ websites will be equipped with Web as it makes its way to a steady progress.

Rolling Out Higher Bottleneck Breakers Productivity Place Outcomes Changi Airport Group (CAG) More trays can be handed out to more passengers at one time, Bottleneck Found thus reducing the time needed for During pre-boarding security checks at screening and speeding up the flow. Changi Airport, the security screening officer Workers are more productive as they positioned before the X-ray machine (front are able to process more passengers loader) will hand one tray to one passenger at at a faster pace and passengers a time. Once the passenger has collected his are glad to get to their destinations or her items, the officer at the receiving end quicker. There are plans to extend will then return the empty trays to the front the system to the other terminals. loader by stacking them above the X-ray Altogether, more than 180 tray roller machine. Workflow was slow and this often systems will be in place. led to long queues. CAG’s launch of its many service initiatives is impressive. What we like Bottleneck Broken is the company’s emphasis on customer satisfaction starting with its Together with the Airport Police Division own people first. This ensures that all members of the CAG community share and Certis CISCO auxiliary police, CAG the company’s commitment to service excellence and it motivates them to implemented a gravity-based roller system “ at Terminal 3 which automatically guides the deliver on the CAG promise.” trays to the front end of the screening belt. Law Swee Hong, Singapore Manual & Mercantile Workers’ Union Deputy Secretary-General

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By Muneerah Bee Mohamed Iqbal tructural unemployment will affect workers of all I live in the real world sectors and age groups, and my real world especially in Asia, being in tells me that wages at the a fast-changing economy. top“ in Asia Pacific is likely As part of the closing plenary to go higher over the next Ssession at the Singapore Human ten years because of the Capital Summit 2010 on 30 shortage of talent but yet at September 2010 at Resorts World Sentosa where the topic the same time, the real world I live in also says that it is of ‘Perspective of Leaders - The SHCS 2010 World in 2020’ was discussed, not sustainable if we keep From left: Professor Lynda Gratton, Management Practice at London Business School, Mercer (ASEAN) Senior Partner and MD Wong Su-Yen, NTUC Secretary-General Lim Swee Say and Hindustan Unilever NTUC Secretary-General Lim neglecting the rank and file Ltd CEO and MD and Unilever (South Asia) Executive VP Nitin Paranjpe. Swee Say addressed some of workers on the ground.” the challenges that the Asian of jobs …So we to pay the market rate. So I speak very frankly Lim Swee Say, NTUC Secretary- workforce will face in ten years, General believe that if we try to that as a Labour Movement, we do not object such as structural unemployment. overcome structural to seeing people being paid a higher salary but He highlighted that in order unemployment we do expect them to exercise some corporate for low wage workers to earn higher wages, by limiting the supply of manpower by social responsibility and be worker-centric.” they have to increase their productivity with the forcing a mismatch of companies, structural SG Lim also shared his view on the relevant skills and progressively upgrade their unemployment may come down but Human Resource function which will become skills. unemployment will go up.” even more important in future. “But we should It is therefore important to set a minimum In a discussion about narrowing the not stop at Human Resource Development. skill system for them to progress instead of income gap, SG Lim expressed that it is We should evolve towards Organisation implementing a minimum wage as it would unrealistic to expect top management to be Development. In other words, try to create a also encourage unemployment to rise. SG Lim paid only 20 per cent more than the lowest corporate culture so that you can bring out said: “You can force companies to pay low paid worker in the company. He said: “As long the best in your workers and at the same time wages but you cannot stop the globalisation as we are having a short supply, you will have provide the best for them,” he said.

What will the workforce be like in 2020? At the To overcome such challenges, SG Lim Singapore Human Capital Summit 2010, SG highlighted three areas to focus on. Lim Swee Say shared his insight on the future. Focus On Education And Continuous Learning Keen Competition In Asia “The top universities of the world today are mainly in North America “As Asia becomes more developed, every company and economy will and Europe, but in time to come, I have every confidence that you are need to have talents in many areas; from technology development, going to see the Harvard, MIT, Cambridge and Oxford of the future in market development, innovation development and production,” Asia Pacific. We have no choice but to invest more into education to SG Lim said. Countries and companies will need talents such as strengthen and enlarge the talent pool.” SG Lim also sees that more entrepreneurs to start off companies and business managers to lead countries and companies will also focus more on Continuing Education companies into bigger multinational corporations and Training (CET): “In the coming years, more countries and companies are going to focus on a skill system to enable workers of today, who may A Mismatch Of Jobs and Skills miss out on education of yesterday, to pick up new skills which will be As Asia becomes more developed, it is likely to encounter problems more relevant for the future.” that Europe did 15 years ago, when countries such as France, Germany and Switzerland had an unemployment rate of 9.9, 12.3 Foreign Talent In Local Workforce and 5.5 percent respectively. “Once you reach the developed stage, With a greater shortage of talents in future, more economies will find the problem is structural unemployment because the economy ways to tap on foreign manpower. “For example in Singapore, we becomes more wage-intensive, more skill-intensive and some continue to bring in foreign manpower not because Singapore workers workers are going to become unemployable. Not because there’s are not good enough, but because we do not have enough of them. So a shortage of jobs, but because there’s a shortage of skills and we we are complementing our shortfall with foreign manpower.” believe in time to come, we will see a growing trend of structural unemployment in the Asia Pacific.” Narrow Gap By Increasing Skills The economic growth of the Asia Pacific can only be sustained if there is Widening Income Gap social stability and more countries and economies will have to pay greater As some of the most populous countries in the world are in Asia attention to the issue of a widening income gap faced by low wage workers. Pacific, there is not likely to be shortage of labour supply. “However “Some would go for minimum wage system but some of us will go for a there will be a shortage of talent and we can expect to see wages at different system where we define minimum skill and try to raise the minimum the top to keep going up where else the wages at the bottom is likely skill level progressively over time so that low wage workers will become to remain, resulting in a widening of income gap.” better skilled workers of tomorrow and earn better wages for tomorrow.”

8 workingfor • corporatesocialresponsibilityawards corporatesocialresponsibilityawards • workingfor 9

Ms Soo cited an example: “I conduct interviews, and these days, when you ask the young fresh graduates, ‘What are you looking Fairprice Bags Prestigious CSR Award for?’, they will tell you that they want to work with responsible companies.” Moving forward, Fairprice plans to take CSR NTUC SE Honoured to greater heights. It has set up a dedicated CSR Committee to “form a more strategic For Its Achievements framework for the so many things that we have been doing.” It is also aiming to measure the In Community impact of its CSR programmes and set Key Development Performance Indicators to track the progress.

By About Singapore Nicolette Yeo Compact For CSR orporate Social Responsibility The Singapore Compact for CSR was founded (CSR) is fast gaining momentum in by the National Tripartite Initiative for CSR in Singapore. Now, more than ever, Fairprice’s many housebrand items such as rice, soya bean drink, olive oil and cuttlefish balls January 2005 with NTUC and the Singapore local companies are awakening to help to moderate the cost of living in SIngapore. National Employers Federation. It functions as the fact that CSR may well be the a national society with more than 300 members key to improving their efficiency, productivity and donating the books and it benefits about 20,000 brand speaks for itself and therefore whatever and aims to promote a holistic approach to Csustainability, highly desirable traits in today’s students.” we do, we always have to look at our brand and achieving meaningful and sustainable benefits economic scene. In fact, CSR is often the To delve into the more broad reaching our mission to walk the talk. Our mission is to for business and stakeholders. benchmark by which society uses to identify a aspects of CSR, Fairprice has also made it a try to be the best corporate citizen and that is good company. point to be environmentally friendly, said Ms very, very strongly embedded into our corporate As a social enterprise, it is in NTUC Fairprice Soo. In addition to a ‘green committee’ that culture,” explained Ms Soo. Co-operative Limited’s DNA to practice CSR. Fairprice’s Corporate Communications Deputy Director Angela Soo (left) is all smiles as she received the CSR Award for Community looks into things like energy efficiency, it also The practice of CSR at Fairprice has also Developer on behalf of the company. Presenting the award is Mrs Yu-Foo Yee Shoon, Minister of State for Community Development, Youth opened a ‘green supermarket’ in City Square instilled a sense of pride in its staff. Since it started 37 years ago, CSR has been & Sports (right) and Ms Olivia Lum, President of the Singapore Compact for CSR (centre). Fairprice’s Top 5 at the very heart of the organisation, playing Mall on July 2009. “Based on our last staff survey, one of the an integral role in helping Fairprice grow and “It’s the first green supermarket in Singapore top reasons why staff said that they choose Achievements become Singapore’s largest local supermarket Singapore Compact for CSR where we showcase and make use of the latest to work with Fairprice is because of the social • Used Textbooks Project chain. who was one of the judges, green technology; engage our customers in mission, because of the so many things we Helps poor and needy students obtain From its noble founding mission to commented: “The winners have recycling efforts - we have a recycling corner; have done to help the community which is very essential educational materials and moderate the cost of living in Singapore, it has, all shown exceptional initiative in have dedicated checkout lanes for customers encouraging,” said Ms Soo. promotes recycling while reducing waste. over the years, stepped up its efforts to include their programmes and policies, who bring their own bags to encourage It has also become an ‘expectation’ for Over 130,000 students have received helping the needy and being environmentally and have demonstrated clear customers to save plastic bags, and stuff like potential employees. 1.8 million textbooks since the project friendly. commitment, with long-term that,” she detailed. started in 1983. Their efforts were duly recognised at the plans for responsible practices inaugural CSR Awards in Singapore where and sustained stakeholder World Class Brand, World • Food Voucher Scheme Fairprice picked up the award for Community engagement, to ensure their efforts Class Employer Distributes vouchers to needy families to Developer. Part of the Second Singapore continue to make a difference.” Another secret behind Fairprice’s Compact Summit for CSR held at Resorts success in CSR is the conviction it help them cope with rising food prices World Sentosa over 6 and 7 October 2010, Community Before has for its brand which has steered it and inflation. A total of $8 million worth the prestigious Awards seeks to exalt local Company from small supermarket to retail giant. of vouchers have been given out since 2002. companies for their exemplary efforts in CSR. Fairprice was honoured for “Every company starts by defining The other winners in different categories are displaying a consistent approach themselves with a brand. And the Fairprice has been supporting the Boys’ Brigade Sharity Gift Box for over nine years. • ‘Lend a Hand, Give a Heart’ City Developments Ltd, ThaiExpress Concepts to improving the well-being and Fairprice brand carries a certain Raises awareness of workers hit by Pte Ltd, Singapore General Hospital, PaperlinX quality of life of the community. This value is at ensures they have access to daily essentials. commitment; it is the brand that recession by getting the public to make Singapore, Siloso Beach Resort and Tolaram the very core of its founding mission and has The underprivileged are also the focus of the delivers quality, value and service and monetary pledges online. For every Group Singapore. set the tone for its efforts in CSR, said Ms Soo, FairPrice Used Textbooks Project. Started more also it has a vision to be Singapore’s Fairprice makes a donation to Community Chest in 2005, one of its many CSR activities. pledge made, Fairprice donates $100 Receiving the award on behalf of Fairprice who is also the Assistant General Manager than 20 years ago, it distributes second hand world class retailer with a heart. That and the total sum goes to providing at the lunch award ceremony of FairPrice Foundation, its textbooks to poor and needy students. financial aid to the workers. A total of on 7 October was Ms Angela philanthropic arm. Ms Soo elaborated: “We believe that every $5.25 million has been raised so far. Soo, its Deputy Director of “Fairprice began its CSR child needs to have access to education, Why Corporations Should Incorporate CSR Corporate Communications. journey to moderate prices of especially the low income children and the • Boys’ Brigade Sharity Gift Box The awards were jointly essential items in Singapore. needy children of union workers. Some cannot The lessons learnt from the financial crisis and other Fairprice supports this annual event presented by Mrs Yu- We make sure that we are even afford to have textbooks. What we do is crises in other parts of the world such as terrorism, which collects gifts from the public Foo Yee Shoon, Minister the last to increase prices and we encourage the public to come forward to the energy crisis, climate change and governance issues, for the needy by extending the use of State for Community first to drop prices. We have donate textbooks. They can drop it at any of show that the well-being of businesses is tied up with the “ of its stores as collection points; Development, Youth & housebrand items which are their supermarkets and we will collect, sort and well-being of the community and society. Businesses have rendering logistics assistance; and Sports (MCYS) and Ms priced at least 10 per cent lower send them to distribution centres, and distribute to earn their licence to operate from society. Therefore they providing platform for online donations. Olivia Lum, President of than comparable national items. them by subject, by the level. have to look beyond just being profitable to contribute Contributed $50,000 in 2009 to benefit the Singapore Compact for We have a few programmes “And on a certain day, we will invite the 30,000 needy people. CSR. to make sure essential items priority members which are again primarily union to society. Society generally imposes a higher standard “We are definitely are always affordable to our members to come to these centres to look of behaviour and contribution of businesses from beyond providing jobs • Walk for Rice@South East honoured and happy that customers, and we diversify our for the books that they need. On the second and income. Because of all these pressures, the mainstream will be that The inaugural event held in 2009 we have been recognised sources,” she said. day, we open it to the public and everyone is companies must not only be profitable but also provide decent jobs and encouraged shoppers at selected for all the work that we have In this area, Fairprice welcome to come and get these textbooks for have a positive environmental and social impact.” FairPrice outlets to walk to raise food for done to help the community, has gone one step further to ensure that the free. , NTUC Deputy Secretary-General who spoke at the Summit’s Plenary needy families in the South East District. especially the poor and needy. And it gives us underprivileged and less fortunate are not “This year we are working with four or five Session 5 titled “The CSR Journey – Are We There Yet?” on 7 October. DSG Halimah is also a Half a million bowls of rice were donated an inspiration to do more,” she said. forgotten. The company regularly channels a schools. We get the students to help to sort committee member of the Singapore Compact for CSR. to 5,000 families. In his address at the lunch ceremony, Mr percentage of its profits to FairPrice Foundation, and distribute the books, so we have a lot of (above), Vice-President of which reaches out to this group of people and community volunteers. We also have the public totalproductivity • workingfor 11 SUBE Exco Leads By Example Leadership renewal has to be a By continuous process in the unions Vanessa Teo as it will enable younger leaders to ne of the key continue“ the good practices of their messages predecessors, innovate new values and highlighted by stay relevant for our younger workforce NTUC Secretary- joining the Unions.” General Lim Swee Say at the Singapore Union Erat Vinodan, SUBE Executive Committee Member Oof Broadcasting Employees 10th Triennial Delegates’ Conference was on leadership SUBE Executive Committee For The Term 2010 To 2014 renewal, and SUBE leaders Advisor K Govindasamy truly demonstrated this spirit. President Ang Wah Lai On 30 September 2010, 1st Vice President Sim Siew Lect SUBE President Ang Wah Lai 2nd Vice President Lim Boon Seng NTUC Deputy Secretary-General Heng Chee How, Secretary-General Lim Swee Say, SUBE General Secretary Yam Tee Kwong Simon announced that SUBE’s long Assistant General Treasurer Ng Sher Hak, Exco Member Erat Vinodan, Advisor K Govindasamy, Deputy General Secretary Faridah Aridah Bte Majeed serving General Treasurer President Ang Wah Lai and NTUC Deputy Secretary-General Halimah Yacob. 1st Assistant General Secretary Chern Fook Weng Ng Sher Hak and General 2nd Assistant General Secretary Ang Teng Ghee General Treasurer William Leow Hock Lim Secretary Erat Vinodan had willingly stepped for union leaders who reach 62 years to step Asst General Treasurer Ng Sher Hak aside to pave the way for new leaders. In down from the Executive Committee and pass Members Erat Vinodan addition, to show their commitment towards the leadership batons to the younger ones. This Kin Coon Nah will facilitate leadership renewal and pave the Deakarajen s/o Sanmugam leadership renewal, SUBE also made changes Subramaniam Visvalingam in its union constitution to keep the leadership foundation for SUBE in many years to come Lee Hwee Keng Alice flame burning. in terms of structured leadership planning and Wong Yew Fa Henry Said President Ang: “After the L3 sharing renewal.” Savarimuthu Pitcha@Peter Wong Gim Goon Benny on leadership issues chaired by SG Lim, we And thus with leaders that are willing to S Anparasan are committed to building a leadership pipeline. mould the future generation, SUBE is pleased to Abdul Rahman Bin Md Hussin We intend to work towards a resolution, put in welcome the new Executive Committee for the Thoe Teck Seng Yap Kher Seng place a mechanism in the union constitution, term 2010 to 2014. NTWU Fine-Tunes Awards To Serve Better

By Vanessa Teo I have been a member for six he long standing tradition of the years, and my son has National Transport been“ receiving this Workers’ Union award from Primary has changed, One till now. This award but it has changed into is a great recognition Tsomething better to benefit for my son and I really more members and their have to thank NTWU for family. On 25 September this financial support. 2010, NTUC Assistant Secretary-General and Tan Kiam Poh, SBS NTWU Executive Secretary Transit Bus Captain whose son received a $250 Students can now benefit more from the Education Grants and Achievement Awards as announced by ASG Ong Ye Ong Ye Kung announced Achievement Award. Kung (first row, left) at the ceremony. these new changes at the

NTWU Education Grants split in award from 60 per cent towards Achievement Awards,” said ASG Ong. and Achievement Awards Ceremony. And as its on Bursary and 40 per cent on Scholarship to As such, NTWU gave out 436 Education name suggests, one of the changes was indeed the present 80 per cent on Education Grant- Grants worth $96,000, and 45 Achievement in the awards’ name. previously known as Bursary, and 20 per cent Awards worth $24,000 amounting to a total of Shared ASG Ong: “To make the objective on Achievement Award- previously known as $120,000 delivered to assist members and their of each category of the award clearer, we have Scholarship. families. changed the name. Instead of a Bursary, we “We recognise that our union comprises And 15-year-old Muhammad Nur Dinie will call it an Education Grant, which is what rank-and-file workers who do not earn very Abdul Aziz was one who is extremely grateful the award is about… Also, instead of the name high income, and can have significant financial to NTWU for awarding him with a $400 Scholarship, which sounds more like a full responsibilities at home. That is a major Achievement Award. education sponsorship for bright students, we reason why they want to be part of the union, He said: “I feel that NTWU really takes are calling it an Achievement Award which is to to improve their lives, and enjoy the benefits of care of its members and their families and I recognise outstanding results of the children at union membership to stretch their dollar and am very grateful for this $400, to be given this all levels of our education system.” defray their expenditures. So we have decided opportunity to pursue my dreams. My father has Thus, with the new award name change, that from this year onwards, we will change been a union member for two decades now, NTWU also changed the breakdown for the the weight, so that 80 per cent goes towards and I think I will like to be part of the union when distribution of awards. It decided to change the Education Grants, and 20 per cent goes I grow up too as it really helps.” totalproductivity • workingfor 13

By Nicolette Yeo The report card is in. And it is full marks for the Community Partnership Programme (CPP) initiated by My First Skool in March this year for its strong impact on the community and finely tuned benefits for the children, parents and teachers. Two centres detail their outstanding progress in the CPP. My First Skool Scores With CPP NTUC ASG Seng Han Thong (with garland) and NTUC First Campus CEO Chan Tee Seng participate at An Environment Of Learning the official opening of My First Skool Yio Chu Kang.

My First Skool Yio Chu Kang’s CPP is literally ASG Seng added that he was also enrichment programme where the children learn at the top of its class. The centre at Block 60 working with the CPP committee “to develop about poetry and such,” said Ms Ngiau. Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5 will be taking things up strong community partnerships that respond The CPP has also given parents the chance a notch by enhancing their partnership with to the unique needs and challenges of our to play a bigger role in their children’s education. the PAP Community Foundation (PCF) Yio Chu neighbourhood.” Many showed interest in the Lantern Festival Kang through more exclusive joint activities and Besides engaging in joint events, Mr Chan and personally accompanied their children to programmes. This will greatly benefit children, said that My First Skool also aims to establish a the centre to donate plastic bottles. teachers as well as parents. learning network with PCF. The latest feather in their cap was their “We would like to invite the teachers from participation in Yio Chu Kang constituency’s PCF to visit My First Skool, and vice versa, as How CPP Has Fared So Far Mid-Autumn Festival Celebrations on 18 part of a learning journey. My First Skool Yio September 2010. My First Skool was invited by Chu Kang has also made plans with PCF Yio At the official opening of the My First Skool PCF to set the record in the Singapore Book Chu Kang to share ideas and cross-learn best Yio Chu Kang on 28 September 2010, of Records for creating the nation’s biggest practices in a classroom environment set up NTUC First Campus CEO Chan Tee Seng lantern. In support of the event, the centre and teaching methods between the centres.” also gave an update on the CPP for My contributed a number of plastic bottles. My First Skool Yio Chu Kang’s Principal, Ms First Skool in Singapore. A total of 16 have At My First Skool Yio Chu Kang’s official Ngiau Suan Lai, elaborated on the teachers’ launched the CPP. opening on 28 September 2010, Mr Chan Tee learning journey: “The PCF teachers can come “The progress has been very good and Seng, Chief Executive Officer of NTUC First during the curriculum time, when the lessons the centre staff and principals are beginning Campus Co-operative Limited, pointed out that are ongoing, and see how the My First Skool to develop good relationships with the such community events provide a “learning teachers teach, how they facilitate the children’s community leaders. I think in time to come, opportunity” for the children. learning, how the children play outdoors at their once we built the relationships, we can have Also in attendance was NTUC Assistant various activities.” better, stronger collaborations. Secretary-General Seng Han Thong, the CPP’s Another possible tie-up between the two “Many of the staff and educators have Honorary Education Advisor who divulged that centres is the Chinese Reading Club activity also found that the partnership has also been more such joint activities were in the pipeline. organised by PCF. A recent visit to the Club’s beneficial for both sides in terms of access “When the centre, parents and community exhibition at the Ang Mo Kio Community Club to resources in the community and getting to work together for the children, it can only be for was held for the students of My First Skool learn from each other,” he said. the benefit of the little ones,” he noted. Yio Chu Kang on 24 July 2010. “It is like an

Thanks to CPP, the children of My First Best Of Both Worlds Skool at Block 475 Jurong West St 41 were invited to contribute their best artworks to The CPP at My First Skool has enabled the PCF’s ‘My Family’ themed mini museum at NTUC First Campus brand to expand its the celebrations. The centres’ combined footprint in the Jurong Group Representation proceeds of $940 will be donated to Loving Constituency (GRC) area. Heart Hospice. “We now have a close working relationship As part of his tour, Mr Lim dropped by the between My First Skool and PCF. PCF museum to admire the artworks and gain an has contracted My First Skool to run the insight on the children’s learning processes kindergarten and childcare and introduce the and what the artworks mean to them. First Campus curriculum, and this is operated “Today is a celebration for Children’s Day. under PCF Little Wings. It has got a different It is an opportunity for all the childcare and identity from My First Skool; it has also got a (pictured), Minister in the Prime preschool operators to come together for the variation in terms of an identity from PCF. Minister’s Office and Member of Parliament for children so that they can have a much bigger “With this collaboration, PCF benefits from Jurong GRC who was the Guest-of-Honour at scale event to enjoy themselves. You can see the curriculum development and teaching the Jurong Central Children’s Day celebrations on today that there are quite a lot of things for the methods of My First Skool. It has been 2 October 2010. This event was jointly organised children to participate in. doing well; we have had good comments by PCF, Jurong Central Citizens’ Consultative “Going forward, I expect that we will from parents who are happy with the newer Committee (CCC) and Grassroots Organisations continue to try to find common events where methods of bringing up their children. At (GROs). we bring the different operators together, bring the same time, My First Skool also runs a To date, five PCF Little Wings centres are the children and parents together so that they childcare centre and it is doing well.” up, three of which are in Jurong GRC. The other know all their neighbours, not just where they This announcement was made by Mr centres are in Bukit Timah and Buona Vista. themselves are,” he said. totalproductivity • workingfor 15 Flying High On Productivity

By Muneerah Bee Mohamed Iqbal

s a large organisation, being productive has been an on- going practice at SIA Engineering Company. With the advent of Cheaper Better SEEU AFaster, there has been even more focus on seeking better and more efficient ways for workers to perform daily tasks and roles. time needed for workers to queue at tool stores. SIA Engineering Company Engineers and The outcome of successful productivity Formed in January 1993, SIA Engineering Executive Union General Secretary Ong Hwee measures is also undeniably clear as Company Engineers and Executive Union is Liang said: “Bottlenecks can be seen in all productivity cost savings are currently shared a house union of SIA Engineering Company, areas such as equipment, environment, office, with the workers on a regular quarterly basis. representing engineers in SIAEC and Eagle infrastructure, communication network and Mr Ong said: “For such initiatives to work, we Service Asia. As of September 2010, the so on. Through feedback from our members have stressed to management that there must union has about 1060 members including working in different operational and support be some recognition for the efforts and hard 14 Executive Council members. divisions, we raise these related issues and work put in by all workers. The cost savings problem areas to the management so that brought about by the measures implemented they can be addressed. We even give our should be assessed against a transparent business. Mr Ong added: “Communication suggestions for better solutions. However, Key Performance Indicator structure that is and frequent updates of the company’s breaking bottlenecks or execution is normally understood by all. It must also be realistic and performance, be it operational or financial, is the difficult part.” achievable. Only then can the movement be important.” However, there has been some successful sustainable.” The union also communicates with the instances. For example, by leveraging on Members also understand that future wage company on achieving a pro-business and technology, workers can use Netbooks when increase would be dependent on productivity pro-worker workforce together by building trust they are out on the apron to facilitate them with improvement and the need for the company to and good Industrial Relations with the company their work. A simple solution such as storing be more competitive to be viable and profitable to overcome the challenges voiced out by common tools near work areas also reduces the in the Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO) members. Knowledge Is Power members at a recruitment drive. He shared that organising Fighter recruitment drives at companies are definitely challenging, but ultimately he finds joy in seeing good results. By He said: “Recruitment is not Vanessa Teo an easy job, and when we do it at companies we have to follow their schedules. So sometimes f one wants to know more when their working hours are about the Labour Movement, from 6am to 11pm, we have to right down to the nitty be there for that whole period of gritty details about it, they time. Also, we are also unable to can safely look for Steven have lunch at regular hours as Long, Membership Department the lunchtime crowd is always I(MED) Senior Specialist (Sales & the best. It’s tough, but as long Operations), and be assured that Membership Department Senior Specialist (Sales and Operations) Steven Long (right) at Linear as we put in effort and the results their queries will be answered. Technology’s recruitment drive from 21 to 24 September 2010. show, we will be very happy.” Joining the Labour Movement family Despite having spent two decades with in 1990, Mr Long has stored up a vault of to know your product very well and you must the Labour Movement already, Mr Long still experiences regarding the Labour Movement’s also have good persuasion skills. Having finds the journey an enriching one. He hopes to matters, and in his own ways helped countless gained prior knowledge about NTUC from my continue to serve the Labour Movement even of workers. Be it in Industrial Relations, previous job roles has taught me how to read though he is reaching his retirement age of 62 customer service over the counter, helping people’s minds. For example, when you are next year. NTUC General Branch members with trying to recruit a young man, you can’t tell him “I know that the Labour Movement helps grievances or even working in the then call purely about benefits and facilities the Labour many workers out there, with workers of all centre, he has done it all. Today he serves in Movement has, but instead should share with collars, ages and nationalities benefiting from MED, helping unions with their recruitment them on the available upgrading courses,” its initiatives and that is the reason why I am drives, and he sees having knowledge about explained Mr Long. motivated to continue in my job. As long as the the Labour Movement as key to recruiting And so with his rich experience and Labour Movement needs me, I will continue members. expertise, Mr Long has recently helped the to serve and share my experience with the “When it comes to recruitment, you need Labour Movement successfully gain 450 new younger ones,” said Mr Long.

With deepest sympathy and heartfelt condolences to the family of

Dr Balaji Sadasivan 11 July 1955 - 27 September 2010

Advisor to the Singapore Industrial & Services Employees’ Union and Port Officers’ Union

From Executive Committee and Staff of

Singapore Industrial & Services Port Officers’ Union Employees’ Union 17 Late Dr Balaji Had A Heart For Others

he late Advisor to the Singapore Industrial and Services TEmployees’ Union and the Port Officers’ Union Dr Balaji Sadasivan who passed away on 27 September 2010 was a dedicated man with many talents. In his speech Dr Balaji (second from left) at a SISEU golf event. at Dr Balaji’s funeral service on 30 September 2010, Finance Minister described him as selfless and caring, and a man of conviction with remarkably wide-ranging knowledge and intellect. “On top of this, all of us who knew Balaji have been moved and inspired by the equanimity and courage with which he accepted his misfortune of being afflicted with cancer. He kept serving. He was determined to live out his values to the end, putting others ahead of himself, despite the pain and considerable difficulty that he was going through.” Recalling that he entered politics in 2001 with Dr Balaji, a former neurosurgeon and Member of Parliament for Ang Mo Kio GRC (Cheng San), Mr Tharman said: “We had many conversations together over the last nine years, in the Members Room in Parliament or after Cabinet meetings. I also had the privilege of interacting with him in SINDA. It was Brother Balaji is a highly intellectual man but does not always a reward talking to him. He spoke his mind, had a humane take speak like an intellect. His unassuming nature allows on things, and was invariably funny. him to mingle freely with the ground and understand their “I gained great respect for him. Balaji’s profound sense of purpose, concerns“ and issues. His invaluable insights and advice had his complete lack of airs and his dedication to every task left a deep brought the Union through many crises. POU has lost a great impression on me. I know it did on all of us. We have lost a leader who leader and a caring friend.” inspired through his ways, an outstanding Singaporean, and a dear friend.” POU President Benjamin Tang

U Live Mahjong Challenge Cuts Across All Ages By Andrea Ng NTUC Club Senior Executive, Marketing & Communications

he U Live Mahjong Challenge 2010 saw participants from a total of 14 unions (BATU, SISEU, ESU, DBSSU, NTWU, UWEEI, HSEU, SMMWU, HDBSU, MIWU, SMEEU, SUN, EMSEU and AREU) and two country clubs (Orchid Country Club and Aranda Country Club). This was up from nine unions in 2009, which is a testament to the popularity of the event and its suitability as a platform for encouraging bonding among union members. TThe event, which was held on 18 September 2010 to spread the message of active ageing and the importance of mental fitness, also proved that mahjong is not only popular among our senior union members but among the younger generation as well. It saw participants ranging from 23 to 59 years old challenge themselves and others in this game of strategy, skill and numbers. For many union members, like Mr Alan Chua of BATU and Mr Kang Kok Ann of NTWU, the success and memories from last year’s Mahjong Challenge spurred them to join again this year. “Last year, I participated and enjoyed myself thoroughly. I also got to know new friends because this event really helps to bring people from the same unions together and encourage us to bond. Besides, I get a kick out of playing mahjong because it makes me feel alive and active. It’s a leisure activity that really gets your brain juices churning and focuses your attention for that few hours.” Besides helping union members stay mentally alert, it is also a good chance for friends to catch up and bond with each other. Mr Kang uses this opportunity to meet with fellow colleagues and unionists. As he explains: “We are all so busy with work and being in different departments and offices just makes it harder for us to get together. This event gives us an excuse to meet and catch up.”

totalproductivity • workingfor 19 ‘Tasty Singapore’Brands Get A Fairprice Push NTUC FairPrice, as you know, By is a home-grown brand Muneerah Bee Mohamed Iqbal ourselves. We started with just one rom now until 13 October, you supermarket“ some 37 years ago. We can get your favourite local certainly want to be able to help other food products at a discount local brands grow as well. So we are at all FairPrice supermarkets, very proud to partner Singapore FairPrice Finest stores and FairPrice Xtra hypermarkets, as part of Manufacturers’ Federation and IE theF Tasty Singapore Fair 2010. Singapore once again, to support local An initiative by NTUC FairPrice, food manufacturers in growing their International Enterprise (IE) Singapore footprint in the Singapore market.” We launched the first ‘Tasty and Singapore Manufacturers’ Seah Kian Peng (picture, left), NTUC Fairprice Singapore’ Business-to- Federation (SMa), the fair aims to Chief Executive Officer Consumer event last year at NTUC promote quality Singapore food brands Fairprice“ Ang Mo Kio and the success to consumers and help local Small and was replicated to cities outside Medium Enterprises grow. The launch of the Tasty Singapore Fair 2010 on 30 September 2010 at the NTUC FairPrice Xtra outlet at Singapore. NTUC Fairprice not only Jurong Point 2 unveiled 26 local brands as brand ambassadors and gave our local food companies a supporting companies. platform to gain a firm foothold at Seah’s Spices Food Industries Pte Ltd is among the brand home, but also set the stage and ambassadors and ‘Tasty Singapore’ helps the company to establish generated our confidence in our itself as a Singapore brand among competitors from Malaysia, overseas venture. And this is partly Indonesia and China. Consumers also have full confidence of the products’ quality and safety. why the ‘Tasty Singapore’ promotion The company’s Marketing Manager Yin Fen explained: “As a homegrown product, we meet was so well received overseas.” all the hygiene factors set by the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority and one of the criteria to be a ‘Tasty Singapore’ ambassador is that we must be Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point Sunny Koh (picture above, right), Chairman -certified.” of Singapore Manufacturers’ Federation F&B Industry Group ‘Tasty Singapore’ food promotions and food shows have also been featured in retailers and restaurants in major markets overseas.

Foodfare AD-half pg.indd 1 9/30/10 6:08:08 PM 20 workingfor • totalproductivity Work Together For Better Healthcare Productivity Story and picture by Muneerah Bee Mohamed Iqbal atients are at the core of the healthcare industry and they can also be the source of improving productivity within the sector. At the Healthcare Services Employees’ Union CBF Luncheon From left: HSEU General Secretary Diana Chia, Health Minister , HSEU President Mahmood Dialogue with Senior Management on 29 September 2010 at Grand Idrose and NTUC Assistant Secretary-General Ong Ye Kung addressing questions from participants. Copthorne Waterfront Hotel, Guest-of-Honour Health Minister Khaw Boon Wan said that even though Singapore has one of the better healthcare It is a very useful session for both management and Psystems in the world, there is always scope for improvement. “The attitude union members to hear from the union leadership as towards productivity must always be: ‘Be unhappy about the status quo’. well as the Ministry. For NHG, we appreciate the partnership When you walk about in the wards and clinics, look out for opportunities and with the union in looking for productivity. Just as the Minister the best opportunity that will trigger some thinking will usually come from the “ patients because they are your customers. From their comments, complaints mentioned, we should focus on improving the care for our and feedback, it will trigger out ideas on how we do better. If we can do it patients and doing it in a way that remains affordable. Then better, that is certainly an improvement in productivity at the micro level,” he we are more likely to be aligned in achieving the more said. complex objectives that we have.” The healthcare industry must shy away from the ‘Not Invented Here’ Dr Lim Suet Wun, National Healthcare Group and (NIH) syndrome and Mr Khaw urged institutions to adopt and adapt the best Chief Executive Officer practices available if it will benefit patients: “I observed that in healthcare there are some clearly good ideas which have been proven in the institution or in the cluster but the adoption rate of it being replicated is very slow. I must assume that it is NIH where the thinking is, `My opposite rival or cluster invented it, all the more I must not adopt it.’ That is silly because we have to do what is right for the patients.” His views were echoed by HSEU General Secretary Diana Chia, who was among the panel members alongside NTUC Assistant Secretary- General Ong Ye Kung and HSEU President Mahmood Idrose. Being CBF also means making the most of resources. Mr Khaw foresees that the future of healthcare will undeniably have a strong correlation with the aging population. To address the healthcare needs of the elderly, the industry as a whole needs to work closer together to ensure that they get the acute care and community care as necessary.

Sometimes there is a tendency to forget that the union is“ also the employees. So I am very glad that this meeting brings the employees and employers to put some thought into good practices that will benefit healthcare services.” Mahmood Idrose, HSEU President

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ੇ͂ᦏ௦ʶࠑ̠

؝൓ᤇ᧖ᄉࢹͺဖܑὋՎ̂͂ॡࠓ௛ᄰੇ   ߸ڠὋܷࠑ˶ፂ࣡̓૰਒᜸Ὃଉᝦݟʹఝథ஌ܪ ᄉՎ̂ઁੇॆ੆ధԣὋੇ͂ϥ࠶ڸ੆ࢹͺnjளҪ ʽာՐʶᡐՈ௸ᮿnjڙ͗ úА᧖ல੫ळ

ݝᤇ᧖ᄉࢹͺnjÿ ܈ʻࣱ౎ὋА᧖ல੫ळeᭆᗛܲe ளመ А᧖ல੫ळᄉ᤟ःᑞҦुὋԠଁڙာྱʶᄯ̾Ջጝࢹ̠ᄉᢵ͊Ὃ Ԝࣱᄉፂ฿ʿ௿ А᧖ல੫ळ὇ࢺ̃Ὀ᤟ःҦुὋࢹͺᑞҦᰳὋМՂణᤂ࠱̴ӣጞ˝Кᐋտࢹnjڙ൤ځߴᓇጆፑᄉˉҫᦉ఺೙ᢻᫍࢹͺὋᙉ ଦܲᮉ੾ᑞὋ ཨԵ௦ʶՏՋጝࢹ̠Ὃͭᤇࣲʿݰᆽ ˖ὋМՂԺ̾᧗ளᦉᎷ̴ઝ͉Ѿᄉࢹ ᫲ͺ᠇࿸nj ͺὋ˶ၿ̴̅ࢹͺ˃ˉὋᛪဗѢᓣὋМڃ˝અЙࢹͺὋ̾Ԣ̴ ࡦᄉА᧖ல੫ळ౎ᒬᖦ।ࠕὋ Ղ̅ణᤂᥘឯ̴੆˝Кᐋտࢹnj බˣࡏඞnj ளመߴᓇడፂ᤯᣾ʶࠑᐋˉ̭ፀ  ̯ʶधݼὋА᧖ல੫ळࡂ෤థ࠱ᒬࣁॆ੆ܰڸᒬࣱᡐ੆˝ளҪ ᫲ᄉʶ͊ߔὋӨүМՂڃ˝Ջጝࢹ̠nj̴᜼ᒬࣁڍ ࣂ௯ӣ˝ཿ ੝ᐏឯʶᏅᖦ।ࠕտࢹὋА᧖ல੫ळڙҺ̅ߥ˷ள੾ᑞὋဗ̴ ཿ৘ࢹͺึርழ ௦Ф˖ʶ̠nj̴˝̠ᄽនὋবಪधబὋڙጶᄉܲ੾ᑞࢹ̠nj Վ̂ࡏҩʿ࠵nj ؝൓᤮ˬὋॡঋΦ֖Վ̂͂੩੆ʶྞnj ᣹ҁᄫಕὋॡঋΦᚷЙੇ͂ᄉ஠Ӑnjڠ᭦Ὃఴ ࢹˉˀనҫˉᬷᐎҝ͗᫁ڸᄉබ úளҪڍґࣂፂ௦ʶ А᧖ல੫ळᄉݸߔ˶௦ੇ˧ڸþᙉཨੇ౎ளҪ Տ੾శ̠տὋͭᤇ᧖ᄉࢹͺథʶ̎ʿ ˣࡏඞὋ̴͂᝟Ѳ࠱ࡦܷᄉݘЇଋ Ԣளመߴᓇѫ͗˞ࣝృᮊԦ ၶาnjڸᄉՎ̂͂ࣞүੇߥ˷ϡ ౎ளҪڸՎὋ௦ளҪ

16-20.indd 21 10/8/10 4:31:11 PM ጡএྱᣣ὇ࣱత௅ࣱత௅Ὀܢಌဋᓹݘ  ௉ࣱ݊࿸ ݕʽࢹᤁ੦ࠃ۲ᆨ

ᥪஊˀႂζ஠տڸృЏᏣ὇ԾʶὈ֖ಌဋᓹ὇Ծ̃Ὀࣱ̅తԟ᜹ᐋ঳ࡘङௐὋᄹᅋளҪ ᐎᄩᡂᤞᄉ੣ᛪnj

ʿறԨ३ڍᛪ।࣍nj ᏣԢФ̂ˉ૆ˣʿԪᄉஂ૆Ὃ΍३ੇ̼ ڍࠑᚌԪ˝ኃʶˆႌڍ֖᫁ԦࡘὋ̯ኃʻˆႌܘ ృЏᏣᄉ̠ܺಌဋᓹ ҫᠪஊ੊Юڍ௦।࣍Ὃݜፂ࣡ ࠑnj௃᝶ృЏᏣ௦ʶՏ।࣍Nj঳ူNj˶ܢݘ ᝺ڍᢵ᣷ὋྱѾ௦Ѣڙࠆਖ਼ᄉ ᫙ᠪஊὋಌဋ౧঳௦ᬗͦူܪӨүృЏᏣ ᫁͗᭦ᄉௐϊnjܰڍࠁὋྱѾ௦ˀࢹ͗థС ᫇੊ˀѾ̂ ঳ڸᄉ˓಴njᤇ਒։ᅋὋࢹ͗ ృЏᏣ֖ಌဋᓹᐱథ̃ߔʶݘὙဗ͉ளҪ ᰳጞክူ̠տృ௬ੳὋ̾ˉ͌ڸԵஂ̶ʶ˓।࣍ᄉ᠟ၸὋ ူృ௬ᴜNjளҪ

Ϸnj Ꮺ˄௦៵ड़বᄉ᠟ၸὋࡂ Ԣᑧᇷፂӝၶృပဘஓ૾njཱܖ˧տ͗ڙԟ᜹ᐋ঳ࡘङௐڙಌဋᓹ὇ԾὈ௦ᐋ঳ᕥ᝗͗տὋݜ ࣻᏅ͔ܷ͗ʼᤨڍࣱᄉڙፂ̙࣡థˏՏ।࣍ᄉన ృ௬ᴜ঳ူ

ኃʶڙ੆᫁ᄉࡦత᧖Ὃආ̝ʶᄯઁࠑऐୋ̴ڙ୨஠Ὑᬇ৻ᖈ ҫnj˝൤Ὃ46158ॶߚ ᭚Ὃ ృЏᏣ˝Фࢹ ͮὋጹॶཱᮎ̴֖शݷnjڙґǑᐋ঳ֆઐǒᔭ஠˞ᎃ ਕ༎Ὃ ࠑˀٿᄉࢹ̠́Ԩҁఝᰳࢹ þੇᄉආ̝௦।࣍njʿ᣾Ὃݜඇʶܸᦏ͗ ౎ὋආٿРᤈӤᮿnjඇʶܸὋੇ͂ʻ˓̠உߥ͂ੇ ڰᛪፋ̴njʿ᣾Ὃॡ௙௬ᄉὋᤇڰᐋࢹ঳͗ࡘङὋஅ ᠪՐὋᡂᤞ˿ᤇڍໜ๑ܷ᥊ՁᄉКڙ Ὃ̠͂ઁڙࠑ᧖ኍϊੇ͂ʶᡐՈᯋnjဗڙᄉnj ̝ࣂፂܫᐿ᭦ ᛪ௦˃᫂˝ಌဋᓹᏪэܦ੣ᛪὋᛪܢࠜథጡএ͈ϘᄉҶҦڰᘨ˿ʶ ʼ˿ʽ᭦ᄉߙಧὙ ࣱὋಌဋᓹᤋՎృЏᏣ̴֖ᄉशशృ᧚ ᤇሥ˧˝Рऎ͕᠎ௐЏnjॆௐὋᤆ෤థ̠Ԧ௙ᤇ҈ ᡂృЏᏣ̠ܺ ᏣѸበ˿ృԢృ।࣍̂ҫ੝nj ˥۵ᄋᄉជឥnjᤇ਒։ᅋආ̝ॸᮋઙѢௐᫍᬗͦ ܪᄉ঳ူՐὋಌဋᓹࡂ֖ ੇ͂Ὃᝧੇ͂థௐ֖ᫍݜ̓ៀnjᤇ௦᭣࣡థᄝڸᥪஊˀႂζ஠տᐎᄩ஛ᡂ  ॆృЏᏣ੆˝ளҪڸளҪ ࣱత௅ ృ᧚ᏣКా᠆᠉।࣍̂ҫ੝ᄉˉҫnj ᄉnjÿ ʼѢࣝาҮnjథௐϊὋʿ३௸ڙþݜࡉ᧙ᥗБ  ᒬࣱᡐὋృЏᏣᠪஊࡂ̼ᛪࢹ͗Ὃ˝ࢹ̠ ̾ࠑऐ˝Ў ʿᬗͦྗ̝੥ѢԜὋͭॡ࠵ԟҪ׷ҫาҮnjᤇ਒։ ౎३᫁Ὃ ᅋݜྲྯ˿̯̂।࣍ᄉาҮὋࢹͺ࠵˿Njၶ਒᧙࠵ܢ̠ˉ˃ᣲએ੊́ԨాᄝnjΒݟὙᥪႂ҃నᐋտࢹ͗ᄉᥪ ᙉཨ।࣍ᄉࢹͺௐᫍඊʶᓉ ЎᄉͮᎵnjݜ͕ڙᥪஊˀႂ ੩ူʶࠑ੆ҩᄉ।࣍഍˶ᭉ᜵᝴ܲዴҦὋͭಌဋ ˿njͭݜࣂϡѢ઀સὋઁߦߔୋڸࣱᎱࢹὋ̾ԢࣱளҪڙࢿ ࣰᛥݸߔ֖ආ̝ᄉᝇᓣnjݜࠪృЏ ॡˬ਒ᤇ˥ϡὋᏪੇ͂ॆཨ᭣࣡ਕ༎ݜnjÿڠζ஠տᐎᄩ὇ኤሥ46158Ὀᄉ̈́ᜆ಴Ὃ̴ᦏ௦ ᓹΙཨॡݝ

16-20.indd 22 10/8/10 4:31:18 PM   ጡএྱᣣ὇ࣱత௅ࣱత௅Ὀܢಌဋᓹݘ

̈ᄰ੹૆ ᯌපধຸ  ੇ͂ᏥԨ˿ғೃܷߥᄉኃ ʶኍᕥ᝗ߥͮὋၶาథ˿ݝᄉध ಌဋᓹࣱ̅උˉᒬᎾ̾Ꮎݘߔ˖ߥὋ ᯰНႀᛣڙՐὋੇ͂Վௐڍٿቪnj  ௦ᥦʶࣱᰳጞғೃᏥណᄉ࿃Њnj˧ՐὋݜᖌ३ ᥦࠑˉҫТᬟᄉᳩ᜿ˀဌ।࣍ᯝ ғೃܷߥνឳก।Ὃࣲڍݘᄋݑߥ᧚᠆ቲᔭ ὇-BZDPDL0OHὈԩᐏ˝ก।ү ᕥᖌԤ᧗ʶኍᕥ᝗ߥͮnj njཨՐὋ˝˿ᝧྗආ֖ధԣ໗਒Ὃူ උˉՐὋಌဋᓹ̮ˀආಢγ૆ࠚѬᐎጆὋ ࣱతኃ̃൒ൣयፆڙ͂ੇ ಢԟˀࠜథ᧖ርᆿ਒˦ᄉาҮὋ̾ԢӨүኡٿ njݜ̯̖̂ాᣀᝧ֖ก।ᡐᕘᄉު ࠕᢵ͊ѢࣝᎾ̾ᎾݘىӁ۲᧚njࣱὋݜ̾ ឃ᝷njူܪᆑ ܿ ÿᄉ ኡ ൛ ௸ ࠏ nj௸ ࠏ ˝ ࣊ Ҿ А ̂ҫὋੇѶ ڰ ಢþ ˻ ʶ ࣱڙ୔᤯᥊ಢᒻᄉत᝹ࢹርኡᬶ˿ܲʹЊὋឞ ੇ͂ᄉܷЇߔృ௬ᴜ ࣱൣयըၸnj తѢၶnjݜឯ˿ʶࣱᄉ̖ϛnjՎతὋڙಢᒻࣂ Ꮎ̾Ꮎݘಢࡂឳௐ໥ѢᓁԻҚnjڙಌဋᓹ὇ԾʶὈ ܪၿᎾ ̾ Ꮎ ݘ ಢ ଡ ΘὈ ।࣍ᯝᄉᰳጞՋ͖̠ᳩ᜿Ὃ᜵ੇྞ ڎࣱὋಌဋᓹҁþளᄉÿᎾ̾Ꮎݘಢᄉ ὇ ளಢᒻԟ᜹஠ྫྷࠈὋᥦ᧖ࡘᇧ˿ˏषݜ˝ᦠՋ ူᥪႂ҃నᐋࢹᐎՋ͗ᄉ಴ߔnj ՎஊउៀѻᬷͿ్͇njڙಢᒻᖿ੆Ꮺ૫ᡂᄉߥၶௐయཱྞnj ̴͂ൣ   ੅న௦̯੅ာύ౎ᄉnj੅న Ф˖ʶषཱྞ௦ಌဋᓹࣱ֖̅Վߥҁ ៀѻᬝЙ˿ЀࡌὋ̴͂ф߿Ꮁࢹnjᤇ ᄉ᛭᧖ᎃጺ˿ጹᘭὋᤇಧὋ࣊஧Φ ௦˝˿́ԨМ͔ஂ૆ᄉੌ஦njੇ੆ ڙ׍੩ʷࠁ༘࣊᧘ᮿௐ੝୉njԲʶषѶ௦ݜ ᤯᣾ઐብ֖ႂԻὋ͛᣹˿ࢹ͗ڠᓁԻʼੵ໥ʶՏᔪҦᄉ᝭ेnj ֖ᢵͳᬥधὋխʿҁෂපὀͭੇቇ ҩ ࠑ஠ྫྷ ᄉ௦ᄽൣᄉᔪҦనᜈnjᥦ௦ੇ֖ආ ᄉ᜵යὋ̾Ԣឬ௙᜵යᄉՋူবnjڍࣱత௅ὋᎾ̾Ꮎݘಢ֖ ࡌ࠱ͮ̅ᐖᛣᄉᯪᫍᎾ̾Ꮎݘಢಢᒻ߿˝ ̝ҁፆ᭕ೃ˻ᄉnjጥೞᄉ࣊஧Ὃ౿ ˏ˓௠యՐὋ̴͂́Ԩҁஊउᄉ ࠑ˖νШᄉᓹὋڙϛ႐̖ځ຀ዚ࠶ӻူ ੆᭢ᗯᓣnjੇథรளᛧ੥ቇʼᄉ˷ ᝧ൥njڙÿὋಌဋᓹ˶˝ᅶበڦþ஠Ӑ᥋ М͗ࠪ᭦Տ˝þ"QMBDFJOUJNFÿᄉጡএᬾ܇ ਄ὋԺ௦నᜈʶᇋҁපὋКᦏᜩᓣ νᝠ˿ੇᕘ઱ᄉܥ௙Ὃ΍ܥ௙ఝҪ ຀ዚ࠶ӻူМ͗ʼ ˿njᄽ௦ՏҝФࠃᄉ᭢ᗯ׹ὀ ኤผNj௙ᆷnjڙପ࣪njಌဋᓹᛪᇧὋݜడ Ꮎ̾Ꮎݘಢএ˹ௐయ úಌဋᓹ὇ԾὈ úృЏᏣᠪஊ৯஠ڙាὋॆܸᄉาҮӆᡐݜ ॹnj Ꮎ̾Ꮎݘಢࣱࡒඋˉၶ ὇    ࣱ త௅ὈٿᄉᎾݝ

ѥכᐋ঳ᒰృᠪஊ֖ృ঳ူᄉڍК

࠳஛ᄉృЏᏣᠪஊὙ ࠳஛ᄉృ௬ᴜ঳ူὙ ᐋࢹ঳͗Ԣᬃ࡚ࢹ͗NjӨ֖͗ᇪ͗͌ˉὋ˝৥஛ྕᄉආ̝ಌڍᐋࢹ঳͗Ԣᬃ࡚ࢹ͗NjӨ֖͗ᇪ͗͌ˉὋࠪ৥ॶྕᄉݸߔಌ КڍК ᄉᤱˆຆਕ৫჋nj৥֖ࠑ̠ܾԜ˿ਝྕᄉආ̝Ԣ֖ᘇᄉᇱܢᄉᤱˆຆਕ৫჋nj৥ܾԜ˿ʶ˓᠊๹ᄉݸߔNjҦ᧙ᄉஂಎὋҮ ဋᓹݘܢဋᓹݘ Ҧ֖ਧዙᄉ෻ຸὋᏪ৥ᄉࠑ̠ܾԜ˿ਝྕᄉආ̝Ԣ֖ᘇᄉᇱආὋੇ͂ ආὋܾԜ˿Ҧ᧙ஂಎὋҮҦ֖ਧዙᄉ෻ຸnjੇ͂Փ৥ᛪ᣹ᛱॶᄉਧ᫇nj ڍНӠࣱ̼Ὃੇ̊ڙࢹᤁᄉʶܷ૮ܾnjڸᄉᤱˆ˶௦ளҪܢՓ৥ᛪ᣹ᛱॶᄉਧ᫇nj  ಌݘ ੆በᄉృԢృ।࣍̂ҫܢᇪ͗Үᕤʿ߶njॆௐὋృЏᏣᠪஊ֖ಌݘ ڍНӠࣱ̼Ὃੇ̊ڙࢹᤁᄉʶܷ૮ܾnjڸᄉᤱˆ˶௦ளҪܢಌݘ  ੆በᄉృԢృ।࣍̂ҫ੝Ὃ̼ᛪࢹ ੝Ὃ̼ᛪࢹ͗ࠪઇʿ᥊ॳᄉᬷ˞Ὃ˝ࢹ̠́Ԩఝᰳᄉࢹᠪ֖ఝݝᄉࢹܢᇪ͗Үᕤʿ߶njॆௐὋ৥֖ಌݘ ࠪઇʿ᥊ॳᄉᬷ˞Ὃ˝ࢹ̠́Ԩఝᰳᄉࢹᠪ֖ఝݝᄉࢹͺဖܑnj ͺဖܑnj͗ ࠪઇ௃ڙᥦ˓ᓢᔪᄉࣱ̼Ὃࢹᤁጷጺڙࠪઇ௃ ॆࣱᄉࢹ͗ᮖ᛽ᦏ᝭३ڙᥦ˓ᓢᔪᄉࣱ̼Ὃࢹᤁጷጺڙࣱᄉࢹ͗ᮖ᛽ᦏ᝭३ॆ ᓡᬷ˞NjР̖˞˦ѫߔ֖ݝ஦ࢹ͗ௐ᭦ࠪᄉᏥᰍ֖ᇛᬱnj᝴ܲࢹ͗ᦏ ᓡᬷ˞NjР̖˞˦ѫߔ֖ݝ஦ࢹ͗ௐ᭦ࠪᄉᏥᰍ֖ᇛᬱnjృԢృ।࣍ ᥘឯ৥ͺ˝̴͂ᄉก।ᮎ᫇Ὃ˝ࢹ̠́ԨాᄝnjృԢృ।࣍̂ҫ੝ॆ ̂ҫ੝ॆௐፋ̀ࢹ͗ᄉࠂ᠛ก।ବүὋ˝̬ܸᄉࢹᤁݕʽ˿੦ࠃᄉ۲ ௐፋ̀ࢹ͗ᄉࠂ᠛ก।ବүὋ˝̬ܸᄉࢹᤁݕʽ˿੦ࠃᄉ۲ᆨnj ᆨnj ᐋࢹ঳͗Б᠟ଡΘก।֦លὋᏪ˄̯ల˝൤ڍК˝ڠ᳭᳭ܢᐋࢹ঳͗Б᠟ଡΘก।֦លὋᏪ˄̯ల˝൤ ಌݘڍК˝ڠ᳭᳭ܢಌݘ ࠪࢹᤁܢҶࢹ۲᧚กᄉ˞᜵ᡐᕘᏧnjಌݘڸࠪࢹᤁ ᥘҩnj൤ܰὋݜᤆ௦ளҪܢҶࢹ۲᧚กᄉ˞᜵ᡐᕘᏧnjಌݘڸᥘҩnj൤ܰὋݜᤆ௦ளҪ ࣱᣏࢹᤁᮖ᛽ᄉॶ˖nj̼̼ڙࣱᣏࢹᤁᮖ᛽ᄉॶ˖nj ᄉ௃ሒ̶ѢὋ࠱බߚᩆ᝭̼̼ڙᄉ௃ሒ̶ѢὋ࠱බߚᩆ᝭ ࣪Ր᳭᳭ፋ̀ృᠪஊᄉஂ૆Ὃᝧ̴ХڙʿທᄉྕὋ̾Ԣ᠅ڱ૆৥֖৥ ̽۵ஂڠ߿ʿሧڱ᣾ԜஜӠࣱ౎Ὃڙܢʿ͗ঃ᝭ಌݘ˶͂ੇ ࠑᚌԪڍኃʻˆႌ̯ڸ᭼ʿ઩ᄉዴᇷ᭦ࠪʶѬૌੌὋࣛᮖளҪڱܫ ࣪ڙʿທᄉྕὋ̾Ԣ᠅ڱᄉ̂ˉὋ̾ԢКॶК਒۱ᐱ৥κᄉЇݘnjݜ ఝʼʶࡎ഍nj˝൤Ὃڸ൤۲ᆨʼ଍ҮளҪڙࠑὋ˶ᝧ৥ڍ᭼ʿ઩ᄉዴᇷ᭦ࠪʶѬૌੌὋࣛᮖளҪ ੆ኃʶˆႌڱܫ࿸Ὃᝧ৥Х݊ڠՐ᳭᳭ ᄉࢹ̠ຆᛪਕ༎njڸᄉࢹ̠ຆᛪ ளҪڸࠑnj˝൤ὋளҪڍࠑᚌԪ੆ኃʶˆႌڍኃʻˆႌ̯ڸ Ԝ˿ʶՏៜ ᤥͭ ʿࣰїᄉݘ বὋࡏˑయᫍὋࢹᤁጷጺˀ৥Վִnjܾڍੇ ਕ༎nj Ԝ˿ʶՏៜ ᤥͭ ʿࣰїᄉݘ বὋࡏˑయᫍὋࢹᤁጷጺˀ৥Վִnjܾڍੇ

ॳ۱ӧ  ౣ။ၶ  ౣ஠Т ॳ۱ӧ  ౣ။ၶ  ౣ஠Т ͗᫁  ማ˹᫁  ማ˹᫁὇ࣱࣱὈ ͗᫁  ማ˹᫁  ማ˹᫁὇ࣱࣱὈ

ࣱత௅ ࣱత௅

16-20.indd 23 10/8/10 4:41:50 PM  1 ׫͈D].*$" ࣱత௅ ᐋ঳ֆઐ ਝᇻ֖ᘇ    ౔Ѣ᭣ї

 ॆృᠪஊ̾।࣍ᄉᢵ ґጲӨүࢹ͗ᮖ᛽ڙ͊ ࠪઇʿ᠆᠉͉ᄉᬷ˞NjР ѫߔ֖ݝ஦ᄉࢹ͗˦˞̖ ௐὋಌဋᓹ˶ҩʿԺ෤nj ᳭ܢѥឬὙþಌݘכ ᐋࢹ঳͗БڍК˝ڠ᳭ ̯˄᠟ଡΘก।֦លὋᏪ ల˝൤ᥘҩnj൤ܰὋݜᤆ Ҷࢹ۲᧚กᄉڸ௦ளҪ ࠪࢹܢ᜵ᡐᕘᏧnjಌݘ˞ ᤁᄉ௃ሒ̶ѢὋˆࣱ̼ᣏ ࢹᤁᮖ᛽࠱ᩆ᝭̅ॶnjÿ ѥ˶ुុಌဋᓹ৘כ ॶཱᮎࠑऐὋᝧృЏᏣ ซ̅˃ڠᠪஊᑞܴ߶ॶ ᄉत᝹Ὃࠪ̅ᤇʶڸளҪ ࢹ̠ຆᛪਕڸཁὋþளҪ ༎ÿnj ࣱڙృЏᏣᠪஊ ࣱత௅ູ త௅ˠᛠᄉಌဋᓹᗋᇩʼԦᛪਕ̠ᄉ৯ជὋ̴ᛪᇧݸ̅ܢృЏᏣᠪஊ̠ܺಌဋᓹݘ ˿ʶᡐၶาࣱὋ႐ʽڙཨ᫁ᤱὋࣱ̙ࡦnj̯త௅ᒯ௅Ὃᡓ᣾ʹՏᏅ ߔᄉʶၶ᣾३ЌࠃᎾ໗njþੇ͂ ॹnj෤థݜὋੇ࠱௦ʶ˓ʿՎᄉ̠Ὃၶา˶߸Кٿᒰ ဢ᠛ᄉܢґज़ல᧖຀ᯰ᩷঳ူ߽ᥲὋՓಌဋᓹݘܢՉႌ̠֖͔ ஛nj ʿʶಧnjÿ ࠑԢФࠑ̠ þݜ˝ੇ֖ߦߔ݊࿸ʶၶnjॆੇᭉ᜵ݜᄉௐϊὋݜ঳ڍ˝ڠಌဋᓹ˝̠ៜᤥὋၶาసࠃὋ᳭᳭ ᢵ᣷njݜᄉʶၶЌ໗ຝఋ֖਒˦njੇਕҁॡൔਧὋੇڙᄉ ௦כͺѢࢼܷᄉ᠇࿸Ὃᖌ३Չႌᄉᡁੳnj෴ˑయᫍґज़Ս ൤බѾᄉௐ҈ὋੇᄉЮॶЌ໗ڙ౎ᒬ๑ЮܰὋФ˖ʿ˫ˀݜథ᣾ଋᝎࣲԩݜᄉ਽ᛠ੝ ݜ෤థᘾऎࣱᄉၶ֐njܢ̠ ਕҮᄉ̠ܢnj ৫჋njÿ ᗋᇩʼԦᛪ˿ਕ̠ᄉ৯ជnj̴ឬὙþ᣾ڙ˶ᤴ̬௅ࢹᤁᄉʶ ృ௬ᴜ঳ူ܇੊᝴ॡ̠ܲᤆʿᅻ᥊Ὃಌဋᓹ˶௦ ࣱత௅ѫѾᒰፋృЏᏣᠪஊ֖ ԜіܸὋᇪ͗Չႌࠪੇආ̝ᛪᇧִ৯Ԣᤜॹݜᄉ᣾ज़Ὃ̽ڙѫߔnjࢹᤁጷጺ ѥ˖Ὃ˝ృЏᏣᠪஊ֖ృ௬ᴜ঳ူԢФࠑ ੇ֖ࠑ̠ຆԩਕҮnj੝థᝢខੇආ̝Ὃ̾ԢఝܲԵᑞᤨ᣾כృ௬ᴜ঳ူᄉ ࡚ܾԜ˿ʶ˓᠊๹ᄉݸߔNjਝᇻᄉආ̝Ԣ֖ᘇᄉᇱආᛪᇧ ႂ᜼ႆ᭦Nj޴ͳઐ᥊੊ե᫔˖ᝢខݜᄉ̠Ὃ̴͂ᄉॶ༦ᦏ ѥ्ࠓಌဋᓹ௦ࠑ̠ᄉҦ᧙ஂಎὋҮҦ֖ਧዙᄉ థ੝ਕҮnj̴͂ਕԩҁੇආ̝థѾ̅ʶᓉὋ˶᜸ҁݜ᳭᳭כ৯njִ ͺѢ˿᠇࿸njÿڸளҪ˝ڠ ෻ຸnj

ృ̠ܺ௦ʶͮਝᇻNj ኃ  ᘇNj౔ѢNj᭣їᄉݘবnj֖ ݜˀᠪஊᄉ৆ྕ̽ੇ͂ਕ ᮅ ҮὋݜࠪࢹᤁᄉஂ૆̽ੇ ᄉক ௉ࣱ݊࿸͂ੇڙਕ༎njݜ࠱͂ njڙএ˖බᤉߚ úᐋ঳ማ˹᫁ౣ။ၶ ݕʽࢹᤁ ᐋࢹ঳͗ማ˹᫁ౣ။ၶᄉࣛᮖʽὋʶጷࢹᤁ̼ᛪҁல᧖຀ᯰ᩷঳ူ߽ڍКڙࣱత௅Ὃ ᒰʼణՐᄉ஛਒njౣ။ၶᛪᇧὋಌဋᓹ௦ʶՏѢᓣᄉݘবὋ˶௦ʶՏʿࣰїᄉ ੦ࠃ۲ᆨܢᥲՓಌဋᓹݘ ள ᫔ ᤯ ᝬ Ԣᓧ శ ᦉ ଡ ΘὈ ڸ ၿ ள Ҫྞ ڎnj὇̠ڸளҪ

16-20.indd 24 10/8/10 4:31:39 PM