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Vol. 16 No. 30/April 30, 1992

Welfare program's payment policy shortchanges children Children who live in poor states and those with a high percentage of blacks are being discriminated against by the federal government's passive approach toward funding Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), says Martha N. Ozawa, Ph.D., a professor of social work. By not changing the formula used to figure federal subsidies for the welfare program, the government inadvertently slights AFDC recipients who live in states with a low per capita personal income, low tax rate and high percentage of blacks, reports a recently published study by Ozawa. Ozawa, the Bettie Bofinger Brown Professor of Social Policy in the George Warren Brown School of Social Work, wrote about AFDC inequities in a paper titled "Unequal Treatment of AFDC Children by the Federal Government," published in Children and Youth Services Review (Vol. 13, 199D- Because federal subsidies to AFDC hinge on the amount a state decides to provide, the federal subsidies are indirectly influenced by a state's idiosyn- crasies, including its economic, racial Taffeta and tulle: Senior fashion design student Kerri Stecher gets inspiration from the 1950s with this pink taffeta and tulle ballgown, which sports a blue and political conditions, Ozawa reports. organza skirt. The gown is modeled by friend Mary Bass. At the School of Fine Arts annual student fashion show, models will sashay down the runway As a result, the federal subsidies for in more than 100 designs, from cocktail dresses to bathing suits. The show is being held at the Missouri Historical Society's Jefferson Memorial Building at 5 p.m. and 8 p.m. Friday, May 8. For more information on the show, see the story on page 2. AFDC vary wildly from Alabama to Alaska. "It's an unfair policy and the biggest victims are our children," says Ozawa, a specialist in national social welfare policy. Plane talking In her paper, Ozawa contends that the federal government is shortchanging Mathematicians show you can't hear geometric shapes the nation's children — and the country's economic future — by not You don't have to march to the beat blade's shape is reflected by a change In 1966, the highly regarded enforcing legislation that equalizes AFDC of a different drummer to know that in the way the blade vibrates, and thus mathematician Mark Kac won the payments. In addition, she says AFDC you can't hear the shape of a drum. in its sound. And in the old days, Chauvenet Prize, an award for math- children are being punished for the way So says a husband-wife mathematics experienced railroad workers often ematical exposition, for his celebrated society views their parents. team who, with a colleague, have would walk down the lines, striking paper, "Can One Hear the Shape of a solved a century-old problem that the wheels of a stationary train with a Drum?" which posed exactly this borders on the psychedelic: Can you metal rod, listening for anything question. His paper reawakened hear geometric shapes? suspicious. The old hands knew what interest in the question. 'It's an unfair policy No, say Carolyn S. Gordon, Ph.D., a "healthy" wheel sounded like, and a A snapshot study professor of mathematics, and David wheel with a developing crack did not Imagine two drums, perhaps not the and the biggest victims L. Webb, Ph.D., associate professor of sound the same as a normal wheel. kind that Charlie Watts or Ringo Stan- mathematics at Washington University, are our children.' Gordon and Webb first an- are famous for, but two similarly and Scott Wolpert, Ph.D., assistant nounced their discovery in June 1991 shaped regions in a plane. They may, —Martha N. Ozawa professor of mathematics at the at the Institute Fourier in Grenoble, in fact, be triangular, oval or even University of Maryland. Employing a France, and then in July 1991 at the irregularly shaped. The question novel geometrical approach that uses National Science Foundation's Re- Gordon, Webb and Wolpert and many generalized surfaces called orbifolds The first step needed, says Ozawa, gional Geometry Institute at Mount mathematicians before them consid- and a recent theorem of French Holyoke, Mass. Their work will is an overhaul of the AFDC payment ered is: If you could hear the entire mathematician Pierre Berard, the three method, a federally mandated matching appear in a forthcoming issue of the array of overtones produced when the have shown that two very differently Bulletin of the American Mathematical plan that also is used to determine drum is hit, and if your ear could shaped geometric figures drawn in a Society. Their announcement created Medicaid payments. Currently, each state discriminate perfectly between two-dimensional plane may produce a stir in the mathematics community first determines its own payment level by different pitches, could you from the precisely the same sound. Thus, even because it resolved a question, nearly using a formula that relies on the state's sound deduce the shape of the drum? with a perfect ear, you could not a century old, that first came into per capita personal income. Once that The vibration of a membrane is determine from the sound alone which consideration in the days of Lord figure is established, the federal govern- described mathematically by a partial of the geometric shapes you were ment steps in and subsidizes the pro- Rayleigh, the brilliant English physicist differential equation called the wave listening to. An orbifold is a surface who pioneered the theory of radiation. gram at a minimum rate of 50 percent equation. This equation involves a containing a few "bad" points where Rayleigh's theory of black-body and a maximum rate of 83 percent; the mathematical entity called the Laplace the geometry appears folded or lower the state's share in financing, the radiation involves a calculation of the operator. The eigenvalues of the crinkled. energy at every wavelength, and it higher the federal government's subsidy Laplace operator are numbers that Imagine two drumheads with ultimately sparked the mathematical rate. mathematicians can associate with the different shapes. They can be oval, question: If the spectra — the While that subsidy formula looks Laplace operator; their physical triangular, pentagonal, whatever. If sequences of frequencies — of two progressive, Ozawa points out that in interpretation is that they specify the both drums are struck, you would surfaces or regions in the plane are absolute dollars, poorer states receive overtone frequencies at which the expect that the difference in their the same so that both surfaces radiate less money. membrane can vibrate. shapes would cause them to emit For example, in 1990, the federal at the same frequencies, do they have Gordon and Webb began with a different sounds. But Gordon, Webb the same area? The German mathema- government subsidized Alabama's problem in partial differential equa- and Wolpert have discovered two tician David Hilbert, one of the average payment per person at 73 tions and solved it by a geometric differently shaped regions in the plane greatest and most prophetic mathema- percent and Alaska's at 50 percent. Yet proof that is easily visualized. The that, when they are set vibrating, ticians of this century, predicted that the recipients in Alabama, a state with a mathematicians, in effect, imagined a produce exactly the same set of the question would not be solved in low per capita personal income, re- snapshot of one of the vibrating frequencies, or overtones. his lifetime. Two years later, in 1911, ceived, on average, $40 per month, $29 drumheads at a single instant. The Why had people thought it Hilbert witnessed his student Hermann of which came from the federal govern- peaks and valleys of the vibrating possible to "hear" shapes? First, some Weyl prove him wrong when Weyl ment. Recipients in Alaska, a wealthier drumhead at that instant form a sort of earlier mathematical theorems sug- showed that if two surfaces produce state, received an average of $246 a "warped membrane," as Webb puts it. gested the intriguing possibility. And the same sounds, then they have the month, $123 of which came from the The researchers then cut apart the second, everyday experience indicates same area. Later, two other mathema- federal government. Those differences, warped membrane and reassembled it. The idea is routinely used in ticians showed that if two plane she says, are far greater than any cost-of- the pieces to get another warped industry to test equipment such as regions produce the same sounds, living adjustment could explain. membrane — a snapshot of the turbines, plates and other components then their perimeters must be the same. Within a state, payments vary possible vibration of the other drum- of machinery subject to stress and Thus, if two drumheads that produce according to how many children are in head. They took considerable care to fatigue. If a propeller blade develops the same sounds have the same area the family and how much outside ensure that the pieces fit together a tiny hairline crack — disastrous if and perimeter, it was only natural to income is earned. undetected — the change in the ask: Do they have the same shape? Continued on p. 2 Continued on p. 4 Haute (Hot) Stuff is fashion show theme The School of Fine Arts will hold its annual fashion show, titled "Haute (Hot) Stuff," at 5 and 8 p.m. Friday, May 8, in the Missouri Historical Society's Jefferson Memorial Building. The specially choreographed fashion show, complete with music and lights, features ballgowns, cocktail dresses, bathing suits, spring dresses, fall knit dresses, coats and pants ensembles, sportswear, menswear and collector's items such as embellished tops. Jeigh Singleton, associate professor of art and fashion design, says his 22 students (11 seniors and 11 juniors) created 175 "clothed figures" this year. A clothed figure is a com- plete outfit, such as a jacket and skirt, rather than a single piece. Design prizes will be awarded at the 5 p.m. show. Those prizes are being awarded by many companies: Anatol's Fabrics, Bernina of America, Dominic-Michael Hair Design Inc., Eunice Farmer Fabrics, Jackman's Fabrics, Kellwood Corp., Lord & Taylor, the Stanley Heller National Association of Men's Sportswear Buyers (NAMSB) Foundation, and Winston's Fabrics. The 8 p.m. show, which will be held in the Lionberger Gallery of the Jefferson Memorial Building, includes a cash bar, a dinner buffet, and dancing to Orquesta Solucion Latina, a 15-piece salsa band. The show also features a preview of the Missouri Historical Society exhibit, titled "From Carriage Trade to Ready-Made: St. David Webb, Ph.D., associate professor of mathematics, and his wife, Caroline Gordon, Ph.D., professor of mathematics, hold orbifolds that helped them Louis Clothing Designers, 1880-1920." solve an old mathematics problem: Can you hear geometric shapes? Gordon, Webb and University of Maryland colleague Scott Wolpert showed that two The school's annual fashion show is very differently shaped geometric figures such as those Webb and Gordon are holding can produce precisely the same sound. Thus, the sound produced being held in conjunction with the by a shape is not distinctive. The T-shirts Gordon and Webb are wearing were designed by Washington's mathematics department in honor of their proof. society's exhibit on St. Louis fashion design, which runs from May 9 through the end of 1992. ™ continued from p. 1 Tickets to the 5 p.m. show and Plane talking — awards ceremony are $12.50 and smoothly so that they could be examples by folding Buser's examples Ph.D., professor of mathematics at the tickets to the 8 p.m. show are $50. reassembled into a snapshot of the of surfaces to produce orbifolds. University of Pennsylvania. "Haute (Hot)" seats in the front row other drumhead vibrating. The They used Berard's version of "Webb and Gordon have taken an may be reserved for $100. All pro- examples they produced settled Kac's Sunada's theorem to show that, essential mathematics problem, ceeds from the fashion shows benefit question definitively: The sound because the time-frozen waves could around which an incredibly abstract the historical society. produced by a shape is not distinctive. be reassembled, the frequencies mathematics machinery has been built Tickets are available at the Several things fell into place, produced by both orbifolds were the over a hundred years, and solved it so Museum Shop in the Jefferson Memo- paving the way for Gordon, Webb same. Finally, they built models of that a sophomore calculus student can rial Building or by calling 454-3100. and Wolpert to arrive at their solution. the orbifolds to see that they were understand it," DeTurck says. "Their For more information, call 935-6470. The first involved a theorem of the shaped very differently. proof will be a part of mathematics Tickets also are available from noon-1 Japanese mathematician T. Sunada. Building paper models textbooks and monographs for years p.m. in the lobby of Mallinckrodt The theorem provided an algebraic Because the researchers needed to to come. Center. framework for the "reassembly" of the show that the frequencies of the two — Tony Fitzpatrick pieces of the warped membrane. drums are identical, a computer, Many mathematicians, including which can only calculate very close Students exhibit Robert Brooks of the University of approximations to the frequencies, works at local gallery Southern California and Swiss math- was of no use. And while the re- ematician Peter Buser, already had searchers devised a complicated Juniors, seniors and graduate students used Sunada's work to construct abstract, theoretical proof, the essence J&CORD in painting in the School of Fine Arts surfaces that produce the same of their work is easy to see in simple will exhibit their works in a free sounds. However, these surfaces did Executive Editor: Susan Killenberg, 935-5254, construction-paper models that Campus Box 1070; P72245SS at WUVMC show, titled "Pentimenti," May 9-16 at not solve Kac's problem because they Gordon and Webb built in the living are two-dimensional surfaces that exist Editor: Deborah Parker, 935-5235, the Utopia Loft Gallery, 3524 Wash- room of their home. Campus Box 1070; P72245DP at WUVMC ington Ave. in higher dimensional spaces, but not "One of the unusual and refresh- Assistant editor: Carolyn Sanford, 935-5293, The exhibit will feature between inside the two-dimensional plane, so Campus Box 1070; P72245CS at WUVMC ing aspects of this project is that such Editor, Medical Record: Kleila Carlson, 16 and 18 works from a class, titled they could not be used as drumheads. concrete models can be constructed," Sunada's theorem intrigued 362-8261, Medical School Campus Box 8065; Upper Level Drawing, taught by Webb says. "One of Carolyn's major C72245TD at WUVMD Phyllis Plattner, a local painter and Gordon, Webb and Wolpert, but it contributions to the question of how Contributing writers: Debby Aronson, Jim visiting associate professor of art. was inapplicable to the geometric shape is related to sound is her Dryden, Gerry Everding, Tony Fitzpatrick, Nancy Galofre, Jim Keeley, Juli Leistner and Plattner specializes in still lifes. Her regions in the plane that they wished discovery, with Edward N. Wilson to study. Then, along came Pierre Nancy Mays work is in major collections nation- (dean of Washington University's Photographers: Joe Angeles, Tom Heine, wide. Berard's proof that Sunada's theorem Graduate School of Arts and Sciences), David Kilper and Herb Weitman "Pentimenti" is an Italian word works in a context that would include of whole families of higher dimen- Record (USPS 600-430; ISSN 1043-0520), for repentance. In art, the word is the orbifolds the three-member math sional surfaces that sound the same. Volume 16, Number 30/April 30, 1992. team intended to explore. Berard's Published weekly during the school year, used to describe a condition that But these examples are all in six or except school holidays, monthly during June, occurs when the top layers of a proof showed how to take the waves more dimensions, so you can't hope July and August, by the Office of Public Affairs, painting fade with age, allowing from one drum and "transplant" them to build models. What was fun about Washington University, Box 1070, One earlier versions of the work to be to the other. Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Mo. 63130. Second- this project is that we could sit in our class postage paid at St. Louis, Mo. seen. Pentimenti reveals how a "Berard's proof was an invaluable living room and, beginning with some Address changes and corrections: painter changes his or her mind idea, opening the door for the use of elementary algebra called group during the artistic process. orbifolds," says Webb. theory, build paper models of sur- Postmaster and non-employees: Send An orbifold arises, Webb explains, address changes to: Record, Washington The students chose this for the faces. The model-building was an University, Box 1070, One Brookings Drive, title of their show as a way to convey when an ordinary smooth surface is important aspect of the process." St. Louis, Mo. 63130. how their ideas and styles evolve. folded or crinkled in a certain way. Indeed, in addition to laying to Hilltop Campus employees: Send to: Human The Utopia Loft Gallery is open While it looks like a smooth surface at Resources Office, Washington University, Box rest an old math question, what may 1184, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Mo. from 11 a.m.-4 p.m. Tuesday through most points, there are a few "bad" be most impressive about the Wash- points where, for example, it re- 63130. Sunday. For more information, call ington University team's work is its Medical Campus employees: Send to: Payroll 531-3515. sembles a fold in a sheet of paper. simplicity, says Dennis DeTurck, Office, Washington University, Box 8017, Gordon and Webb constructed their 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, Mo. 63110. NOTABLES

Karen L. Brock, Ph.D., assistant profes- Charles F. Quest, professor emeritus in sor in the Department of Art History and the School of Fine Arts, exhibited his Archaeology, chaired a panel, titled works at the Hershel and Adler Gallery "Terms of Engagement: Rephrasing in New York City. Three of his prints Japanese Art History," at the annual were sold during a show at the Bethesda meeting of the College Art Association in Art Gallery in Maryland. A fourth work, a Chicago. Other participants in the black and white woodcut called "Two department were William E. Wallace, Women," was purchased by a collector Ph.D., associate professor, and Robert at the University of California, Berkeley. Jensen, Ph.D., assistant professor. Eventually, the woodcut will enter the university's permanent collection. Ramaswamy Chandrashekar, Ph.D., Quest's painting "Studio Interior, No. 2" research instructor in the Departments of was acquired by the Savannah College Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, of Art for its permanent collections. presented an invited lecture, titled "Immunodiagnosis of Onchocerciasis MarkR. Rank, Ph.D., associate profes- and Lymphatic Filariasis Using Recombi- sor of social work, presented the paper nant Parasite Antigens," at the London "Focus on Families, Poverty, and Welfare School of Hygiene and Tropical Medi- Use" at the Groves Conference on cine, London. Marriage and the Family, in Washington, D.C. Marilyn French-St. George, Ph.D., research audiologist and assistant Salvatore P. Sutera, Ph.D., professor professor of audiology in the Depart- and chair of the Department of Mechani- Maintaining a fine tradition: Maya Zuck, director of the Nursery School and a lecturer in the ment of Speech and Hearing, is the cal Engineering, was elected a founding Department of Education, received an award April 22 from the University's Women's Society for clinical researcher at the Central Institute fellow of the American Institute of exhibiting high educational standards in the tradition of the late Adele Chomeau Starbird. Starbird was for the Deaf (CID) responsible for Medical and Biological Engineering Washington's dean of women for 28 years. Zuck, who will retire in June from both of her positions, coordinating the CID Aural Rehabilitation (AIMBE). This signifies recognition of has been director of the Nursery School for more than 20 years. She received a framed citation from Program. The program sponsors a class accomplishments and research contribu- Mary Behnke, the society's vice president for special events and funding committee chairman. that gives adults with hearing loss tions to the field of medical and biologi- training in communication skills. cal engineering. About 100 founding fellows were honored at an inaugural Charles L. Leven, Ph.D., emeritus symposium held in Washington, D.C. Introductions to new faculty professor of economics, was invited to The AIMBE was established to unify the The Record is running a series his bachelor's degree in chemistry in spend two weeks at the Luigi Bocconi medical and biological engineering profiling new faculty on the Hilltop 1975 and his doctorate in earth and Commercial University in Milan, Italy. communities in the United States. and Medical campuses. planetary sciences in 1980 from While in Italy, Leven also visited the Diane E. Beals, Ed.D., assistant Massachusetts Institute of of Tech- University of Venice where he gave a Have you done something professor of education, comes to nology (MIT). At MIT, he was seminar on "Issues in Decentralization of noteworthy? Washington from Harvard Graduate principal research scientist in the Fiscal Authority in the U.S. and Europe." School of Education, where she Department of Earth, Atmospheric Have you: Presented a paper? Won an award? He spoke on "State and Local Instru- Been named to a committee or elected an served as teaching fellow while and Planetary Sciences from 1984 to ments for Economic Development; officer of a professional organization? completing her doctorate in human 1990. Fegley's principle research Relevance of the U.S. Experience for The Washington University Record will help development. She received her interests involve the experimental spread the good news. Contributions regarding Europe" at both the University of faculty and staff scholarly or professional . bachelor's degree in general science and theoretical study of chemical Bergamo in Italy and the University of activities are gladly accepted and encouraged. and elementary education, cum processes in the early solar system, Fribourg in Switzerland. He also gave a Send a brief note with your full name, highest- laude, in 1978 from Seattle Pacific on planetary surfaces, and in talk on "Achieving Privatization of earned degree, current title and department along with a description of your noteworthy University. She received her planetary atmospheres. Investment in Poland" to the Swiss activity to Notables, Campus Box 1070, or by master's degree in developmental David Tab Rasmussen, Ph.D., Bankers' Research Institute of Canton electronic mail to p72245DP at WUVMC. Please reading in 1984 from the University assistant professor of anthropology, Tocino in Lugano, Switzerland. include a phone number. of Washington, Seattle, and her comes to Washington from the doctorate in 1991 from Harvard. University of California, Los Ange- She has many research and teaching les, where he held the same posi- Christopher Walsh to deliver Lowry lecture interests, including child lanuage, tion. He received his bachelor's development of discourse skills, and degree in anthropology in 1980 Christopher T. Walsh, Ph.D., chairman Professor Emeritus of Molecular individual and cultural differences in from Colorado College and his of the Department of Biological Biology and Pharmacology. Lowry language and literacy development. doctorate in anthropology in 1986 Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacol- was head of the Department of She has published many articles, from Duke University. His research ogy at Harvard Medical School, will Pharmacology from 1947-1976, and including "Stories From the Class- interests include primate evolution present the 15th annual Oliver H. acting head from 1989-1990. He is an room: Rate of Response to Personal and adaptations, Prosimian biology, Lowry Lecture in Pharmacology. The internationally renowned biochemist Event Narratives in a Computer anthropoid origins, mammalian and lecture, titled "Molecular Studies on who pioneered development of Network," published in 1991 in the avian paleontology and behavioral the Cyclophilin Class of Peptidyl sophisticated analytic techniques that Quarterly Newsletter of the Labora- and life history studies of primates. Prolyl Isomerases," will be at 4 p.m. allow measurement of the activities of tory of Comparative Human Cogni- Rasmussen has published numerous May 14 in the Carl V. Moore audito- enzymes and the levels of their tion. works. His most recent article, titled rium. substrates and products in single M. Bruce Fegley Jr., Ph.D., "Primates: Recent Developments in Walsh, who is Hamilton Kuhn cells. These ultrasensitive methods associate professor of earth and the Study of Early Anthropoids," Professor at Harvard and president of have provided a great number of planetary sciences, comes to Wash- was published in 1992 in the the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in insights about the regulation of ington from the Lunar and Planetary McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Boston, is a world renowned bio- metabolism in a variety of differenti- Institute in Houston, Texas, where Technology. He also has six works organic chemist whose career has ated cell types. he was a staff scientist. He received in press. focused on a variety of topics. His For information about the lecture, work in the field of enzymology has call 362-7053. provided conceptual and experimen- tal strategies that have been of enormous importance to those Correction English department announces winners studying enzyme reaction mechanisms Due to computer problems, several The Department of English has University College student, for his and developing inhibitors of enzymes. errors appeared in the April 23 edition announced the winners of its 1992 poems "Monkey" and "Olympic He has made fundamental contribu- of the Medical Record. fiction and poetry contests. Drive-In." The Norma Lowry Memo- tions to the area of molecular toxicol- On Page 3, three sentences were Entries in fiction were limited to rial Fund Prize, open to all Washing- ogy including the detoxification of omitted fron the last paragraph of the graduate students in the English ton University students, was won by organomercurials. He has recently story "Pump you up: Growth hormone department and were judged by Camelia Isbell, a graduate student in directed his attention to an analysis of no magic bullet for building muscle." David Carkeet, professor of English the Writing Program, for "Elephant signal transduction pathways in T- The paragraph should have read: at the University of Missouri- Rocks." Xiaolong Qiu, a student in lymphocytes and of a class of immu- According to Yarasheski's findings, St. Louis. the joint Ph.D. Chinese and compara- nosuppressive agents known as even if former NFL defensive lineman This year's Carrie S. Gait Award tive literature program, received cyclosporins. Lyle Alzado had used actual growth in Fiction went to Damien Wilkins honorable mention for "Li He is a role model for those who hormone, it probably didn't enhance for his work, titled "Orders." Sarah Shangying's English Version." The want to combine the tools of organic his muscle growth. Yarasheski says the Beck received honorable mention Academy of American Poets Prize, chemistry, enzymology and molecular converse is that it probably did not hurt for "Vikings." also open to all students at Washing- genetics to understand structure/ him, other than in his bank book. The All poetry entries were judged ton University, was won by Anne- activity relationships in proteins. His black-market price for growth hormone Marie Cusac, a graduate student in textbook, Enzymatic Reaction Mecha- runs into thousands of dollars per by Allison Funk, assistant professor of English at Southern Illinois the Writing Program, for her poem nisms, on chemical reactions in week. University. The Roger Conant Hatch "Salt Mother." biological systems, had a great impact On Page 5, the name of Joshua R. Fund Prize, open to all Washington Prizes from the contest will be on a generation of students. Sanes, Ph.D., professor of anatomy and awarded at the English department's The Lowry Lecture, sponsored by neurobiology, was misspelled in an University undergraduates, was awarded to Michael Sinclair, a final meeting of the academic year. the Department of Molecular Biology article about Sanes being elected a and Pharmacology, honors Oliver H. fellow of the American Association for Lowry, M.D., Ph.D., Distinguished the Advancement of Science. CALENDAR April 30-May 9

Dietmar Seyferth, Massachusetts Institute of Monday, May 4 Technology. Room 311 McMillen. 8:30 a.m. Center for the Study of Data LECTURES MISCELLANY Processing Presents a Seminar, "Local Area Friday, May 8 Networks," Kimberly Coye, Delphi Inc. Cost: Thursday, April 30 9:15 a.m. Pediatric Grand Rounds Presents Thursday, April 30 $100 for WU faculty and staff. Room 9 Prince 9:30 a.m. Dept. of Internal Medicine Grand the Second Donald L. Thurston Memorial 8:30 a.m. Computer-Integrated Manufactur- Hall. For more info., call 935-5380. Rounds Presents the 16th Annual I. Jerome Lectureship, "The Monkey Visual Cortex: ing Center Presents a Seminar, "Continuous 8:30 a.m. Center for the Study of Data Fiance Visiting Professor Lecture, "The Many Physiology, Architecture, and Development," Flow Manufacturing," Robert Carringer, vice Processing Presents a Seminar, "Document Faces of Pulmonary Hypertension," Kenneth David H. Hubel, John Franklin Enders University president, regional operations, Institute of Imaging Systems," Joseph Haspiel, senior assoc., Business Technology. STIM Lab, 1144 Hampton Moser, prof, of medicine, director, Pulmonary Professor, Dept. of Neurology, Harvard Medical CSDP. Cost: $100 for WU faculty and staff. Room and Critical Care Division, U. of California-San School. Ave. Cost: $50 for faculty and staff. For public 232 Prince Hall. For more info., call 935-5380. Diego Medical Center. Clopton Aud., 4950 Noon. Dept. of Cell Biology and Physiology pricing and more info., call 935-4444. Audubon Ave. Seminar, "Regulation of Neurotransmitter 8 p.m. Dept of Music Opera Workshop Thursday, May 7 9 a.m. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 11 a.m. Dept. of Mathematics Seminar, Receptors by Serine and Tyrosine Protein Presents opera scenes in English from "Julius "Complex Dynamics," Richard Laugesen, WU Phosphorylation," Richard Huganir, Johns Caesar," "Turn of the Screw," and others. Free. Center Presents a Seminar, "Activity Based Costing," James Brimson, affiliate, Coopers & grad student. Room 199 Cupples I. Hopkins U. Room 423 McDonnell Bldg. Graham Chapel. For more info., call 935-5581. Lybrand-Deloitte. Cost: $50 for WU faculty and 2:30 p.m. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Saturday, May 9 Friday, May 1 staff. STIM Labs, 1144 Hampton Ave. For more Seminar, "Development of Intermetallics for 2 p.m. The Craft Alliance Presents a Slide 9 a.m. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing info., call 935-4444. High Temperature Applications," S.M.L. Sastry, Show/Lecture, "Insights Into the Rainforest Center Presents a Seminar, "Intellectual WU prof, of metallurgy and materials science and 9 a.m. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 'Dilemma," Scott Landis, editor of Understory, a Process Productivity," Robert Carringer, vice Center Presents a Seminar, "Implementing prof, of physics. Room 100 Cupples II. Woodworkers Alliance for Rainforest Protection president of regional operations, Institute of Statistical Process Control," Dale Besterfield. 4 p.m. Dept of Chemistry Seminar, "Radio- publication. Steinberg Hall Aud. Business Technology. STIM Lab, 1144 Hampton principal, Besterfield & Associates. Cost: $100 for chemistry in Medicine: Production and Applica- Ave. Cost: $50 for faculty and staff. For public- WU faculty and staff. For info, call 935-4444. tion of Radioactive Drugs," Michael Welch, prof., pricing and more info., call 935-4444. WU Dept. of Radiology. Room 311 McMillen. 4 p.m. Dept. of Physics Theory Seminar, "Formation and Decay of Hypernuclei," Angels Music Ramos, TRIUMF. Room 241 Compton Hall. Sunday, May 3 Payment policy- continued from p. 1 4:30 p.m. Dept. of Physical Therapy Steven J. 8 p.m. Dept. of Music Electronic Music the School of Social Welfare at the Rose Lectureship. "Rehabilitation of Balance Concert, "Patchwork." Free. Tietjens Rehearsal In her study, Ozawa, who has Disorders in the Elderly," Fay Horak, physical Hall, 6500 Forsyth Blvd. researched income maintenance for two University of California, Berkeley, says, "Dr. Ozawa has brought a new per- therapist, assoc. scientist, R.S. Dow Neurological Monday, May 4 decades, analyzed a variety of 1987 data Sciences Institute. Good Samaritan Hospital; from each state, including per capita spective to understanding the economic adjunct assoc./asst. prof., Depts. of Neurology 8 p.m. Dept. of Music Clarinet Recital with Mark Smith. Free. Women's Bldg. Lounge. personal income, tax rates and minority shortcomings children in this country and Physiology, Oregon Health Sciences U. percentages. are experiencing." Moore Aud., 4580 Scott Ave. Tuesday, May 5 In addition to showing that less . Ozawa also has conducted studies 7:30 p.m. The Baha'i Student Association Friday, May 1 federal money goes to poorer states, detailing payment inequities between 9:15 a.m. Pediatric Grand Rounds, "Work-up Sponsors a vocal recital and some words on the Baha'i faith through a musician's eyes with Ozawa's research also found that the recipients of AFDC and Social Security. and Treatment of Primary Amenorrhea," James R. Children whose parents are disabled, Schreiber, prof, and head, WU Dept. of Obstetrics Gretchen Hewitt, vocalist, pianist and composer amount of federal money a state and Gynecology; and obstetrician-gynecologist- of the Seattle Opera. Women's Bldg. Lounge. receives is related to a state's percent- deceased or retired receive more in-chief, Barnes Hospital. Clopton Aud., 4950 Free. For more info., call 863-5065. age of blacks and its tax rates. Accord- money through Social Security than Audubon Ave. 8 p.m. Dept. of Music Graduate Flute Recital ing to Ozawa's research, even if two those children whose parents are on Noon. Cell Biology and Physiology Seminar, with Krishna Lampe. Free. Steinberg Hall Aud. states have identical per capita personal AFDC or welfare. That the federal "Cellular Roles of Yeast 70 kD Heat Shock Thursday, May 7 incomes and tax rates, race affects the government treats children differently Proteins," Elizabeth Craig, U. of Wisconsin. Room 8 p.m. Dept. of Music Presents a Piano payment. States with higher percentages — according to their parents' back- 423 McDonnell Medical Sciences Bldg. Concert with Seth Carlin, WU prof, of music. ground — raises serious policy ques- Noon. Dept. of Metabolism Seminar, "Etiology Carl in will play on a Vladimir Horowitz Steinway of blacks receive less, even when the and Pathogenesis of NIDDM: Genetic and piano. Graham Chapel. Cost: $5. For more info., other two variables are constant. tions, Ozawa charges. Metabolic Aspects (Lessons From Family Studies call 935-5581. Deep-seated prejudices "I would think that by now we should no longer treat children accord- in Finland)," Leif Groop, Helsinki U. Schwarz Saturday, May 9 Ozawa blames the inequities on Aud., Maternity Hospital. ing to how we perceive their parents," 6 p.m. Dept. of Music Presents a South 4 p.m. Program for Cancer Research legislative bodies overrepresented by Indian (Carnatic) Vocal Music Performance she says. Seminar, "Developmental Properties of whites and on this country's deep- with T.N. Seshagopalan and Party. Steinberg Hall "Shouldn't the government be Hematopoietic Stem Cells," Ihor Lemischka, seated prejudices against the welfare Aud. Cost: $10 for general public; free for WU investing equally in all children regard- Princeton U. 8841 Clinical Sciences Research Bldg. faculty, staff and students; $5 for other students program, which President Franklin D. 6 and 8:30 p.m. WU Association Travel less of their parents' work history?" and senior citizens. For more info., call 434-4804. Roosevelt started in 1935. Ozawa calls for the federal govern- Lecture Series Presents "Portraits of the Great "Taxpayers see AFDC recipients as ment to take a more direct approach in Far East," with Doug Jones. Jones has produced social deviants," says Ozawa. "The 13 feature-length travel films. Graham Chapel. funding AFDC and to devise a payment public thinks their economic problems Cost: $4.50 at the door. For info., call 935-5212. method that would not be influenced are their own fault. That's not sup- Monday, May 4 EXHIBITIONS by a state's particular condition. She ported by research but it's a strong 4 p.m. Dept. of Mathematics Seminar, calls for Congress to try again to pass "Bachelor of Fine Arts Exhibit" Opening stereotype." "Teaching Calculus at Washington University," reception: 5 p.m. May 8. Through May 17. the failed Fiscal Federalism and the States have the legislative power to Ron Freiwald, assoc. prof, of mathematics and Gallery of Art, upper gallery, Steinberg Hall. Partnership Act of 1987. That act would Robert McDowell, prof, of mathematics. Room Hours: 10 a.m.-5 p.m. weekdays; 1-5 p.m. increase their AFDC payments beyond have created a nationwide minimum 309 Rebstock Hall. weekends. Free. For more info., call 935-5490. what is calculated in the federally payment level that, coupled with food 6 p.m. Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology "Master of Fine Arts II." Through May 3. mandated formula. But Ozawa says Lecture, "Interventional Radiology," Daniel Picus, Gallery of Art, upper gallery, Steinberg Hall. stamps, would bring a family to within she believes that primarily white 10 percent of the federal poverty line. assoc. prof, of radiology, chief of interventional Hours: 10 a.m.-5 p.m. weekdays; 1-5 p.m. legislative bodies veto AFDC funding radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. Ozawa notes that other industrial- weekends. Free. For info., call 935-5490. hikes in states with higher black Scarpellino Aud., First Floor, Mallinckrodt "Faculty Pieces From the Permanent ized countries, such as Germany and Institute of Radiology. Collection." Through May 17. Gallery of Art, populations. Japan, long ago instituted equal income "In states with a lot of blacks, I 7 p.m. Molecular Biophysics Seminar Series, lower gallery, Steinberg Hall. Hours: 10 a.m.-5 support payments for all children. "Multidimensional NMR Strategies for Probing p.m. weekdays; 1-5 p.m. weekends. think it's hard for the legislators to Another plan Ozawa supports is a Lipid-Protein Interactions," with David P. Cistola. "Land Ho: Early Exploration of the Ameri- identify those kids as our kids," says federal tax credit for children, an Room 311 McMillen Lab. (Dinner begins at cas." Through June 30. Olin Library, Special Ozawa. "So those children have across-the-board tax refund for each 6:30 p.m.) Collections, Level 5. Hours: 8:30 a.m.-5 p.m. become a political pawn between child in a family, similar to the current Tuesday, May 5 weekdays. Free. For more info., call 935-5495. taxpayers and adults who receive bill before Congress. She envisions a 8 p.m. International Writers Center Presents "The Book as Patient, Crisis of the Printed AFDC." Text." Through May 15. Glaser Gallery, Seventh plan where tax-paying families would poet Tess Gallaher, reading from her works. Co- Ozawa said she feels the prejudices sponsored by River Styx. Graham Chapel. Floor, Medical Library, 660 S. Euclid Ave. Hours: receive an annual tax break and lower- stem from this country's obsession with Advance tickets available at Left Bank Books and 9 a.m.-5 p.m. weekdays. income families who aren't taxed Paul's Books. Tickets at the door are $10 for the work. Because AFDC adults aren't would receive a cash refund. general public; $9 for seniors and River Styx working, it is difficult for taxpayers — members; and $5 for people with a WU ID. For working citizens — to feel comfortable Refocus on the child more info., call 935-5576. FILMS supporting them, regardless of their Along the way, Ozawa notes, the public's focus of the program changed Wednesday, May 6 Friday, May 1 personal situations. Ozawa goes on to 8 a.m. Dept. of Obstetrics-Gynecology Grand 7:30 p.m. The St Louis Psychoanalytic explain that the concept of work unites — from the child to the parent — but Rounds, "Uterine Anomalies," Kelle Moley, chief Institute Presents "Last Tango in Paris," with a this country, something she says made the funding method remains the same. resident, WU School of Medicine. West Pavilion lecture by Gerald Izenberg, prof., WU Dept. of sense in the formative years, but that it's She suggests the program refocus on Amphitheater, Barnes Hospital. History. St. Louis Art Museum Aud. Cost: $3 for now time to move beyond the obses- the child and update the payment plan. 4 p.m. Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular general public; $2 for students and senior Biophysics Seminar, "Assembly of the sion with work and start investing in As an increasing number of states citizens; $1 for Friends of the Psychoanalytic consider reducing their AFDC pay- Dinuclear Iron Center — Tyrosyl Radical Cofactor Institute and the Art Museum. For more info., children. of Ribonucleotide Reductase," JoAnne Stubbe, call 721-0072. By failing to support AFDC chil- ments, Ozawa believes it's time for the Dept. of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of dren, Ozawa says the country is federal government to stop its passive Technology, Cambridge, Mass. Cori Aud., 660 S. jeopardizing its economic future. With a partnership in AFDC funding. She Euclid. Calendar Deadline swelling older population and a believes the current funding methods Thursday, May 7 The deadline to submit items for the May 7-16 diminishing younger one, Ozawa create an unfair distributional system Noon. School of Medicine Presents the 39th calendar of the Record is May 1. Items must be believes that not investing in AFDC that goes against what should be this annual Alpha Omega Alpha Lecture, "Brain typed and state time, date, place, nature of children will make it difficult for the nation's goal: to nurture all children to Injury: New Ideas for Treatment," Dennis W event, sponsor and admission cost. Incomplete Choi, Andrew B. and Gretchen P. Jones Professor United States to support its burgeoning their maximum potential. items will not be printed. If available, include "I really question if we can afford and head, WU Dept. of Neurology; and speaker's name and identification and the title Social Security payroll. In addition, a neurologist-in-chief, Barnes Hospital. Clopton of the event; also include your name and growing pool of underprivileged, to go on like this," says Ozawa. "If we Aud., 4950 Audubon Ave. telephone number. Send items to Melissa undereducated children will dull this are so concerned about the future of 4 p.m. Dept. of Chemistry Seminar, "Polymer Kohne, Box 1070, or by electronic mail to country's economic edge in the global our competitiveness, then we simply Pyrolysis Route to Pre-ceramic Materials, With p72245CM at WUVMC. economy. must begin to invest more in our Examples From Organosilicon Chemistry," Richard Barth, Ph.D., professor at children." — Nancy Mays