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Implementation of the Ramsar Convention in General and of The Implementation of the Ramsar Convention in general and of the Ramsar Strategic Plan 1997- 2002 in particular during the period since the National Report prepared in 1995 for Ramsar COP6 and 30 June 1998 Contracting Party: Ireland Designated Ramsar Administrative Authority Full name of the institution: National Parks & Wildlife, Dúchas The Heritage Service. Name and title of the head of the institution: Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht & Islands. Mailing address for the head of the institution: Dún Aimhirgin. 43 -49 Mespil Road, Dublin 4, Ireland. Telephone: 353 1 6670788 Fax: 353 1 6670825 Email: [email protected] Name and title of the designated contact officer for Ramsar Convention matters: Mr. James Ryan. National Parks & Wildlife Service, 51 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2. Telephone: 353 1 6616111 Fax; 353 1 6620283 Email: [email protected] Ramsar Strategic Plan - General Objective 1 To progress towards universal membership of the Convention. 1.1 Ireland, to date has not taken any actions to encourage others to join the Convention. Ramsar Strategic Plan _ General Objective 2 To achieve the wise use of wetlands by implementing and further developing the Ramsar Wise Use Guidelines. 2.1(a) There has been is no specific wetland policy developed in Ireland. However Ireland aims to be actively involved in the development and implementation of the EU Commission's strategic framework for a policy of wise use and conservation of wetland. It is envisaged that wise use will be achieved within the context of the National Sustainable Development Strategy published by the Irish Government in 1997. Environmental policy in Ireland is now based on the internationally recognised principles of sustainability, the precautionary principle the integration of environmental considerations into all policy area, the polluter-pays principle and the principle of shared responsibility for environmental protection by public bodies, private enterprises and the general public. A priority for the strategy is to maintain the quality, quantity and diversity of our natural endowments which include wetlands. (b. ) The National Sustainable Development Strategy is a government initiative with the Department of Environment as the lead Department. The nature conservation elements of that strategy, including wetland conservation are the responsibility of the Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands ( D.A.H.G.I.) which is thus responsible for Ramsar matters. ( c.) D.A.H.G.I. is the lead Department in the production of the National Biodiversity Plan which will deal specifically with wetland conservation issues including those requiring cross-sector initiatives. It is also producing a National Heritage Plan which will focus more on the contribution to be made by the Dúchas, The Heritage Service to conservation of the natural and man made heritage. The implementation of these plans in relation to wetlands conservation will initially be via national regulations associated with the Birds and Habitat Directives for internationally important sites and the amended Wildlife Act for all other sites. Progress towards implementation. Implementation of those aspects of the national sustainable development strategy to wetland protection are as follows; (a) Climate Change. It is considered that climate change could have major implications for Ireland's wetlands because of its effect on hydrology and on carbon storage in peatlands, our most extensive terrestrial wetland type. There are some indications already that rainfall amounts and intensity are increasing, possibly due to global climate change, leading to increased flooding and consequently to increased pressure for drainage to alleviate those impacts. Ireland has now signed the Kyoto Protocol and, as part of the overall EU commitment, has agreed to limit its growth in greenhouse gas emissions to 13% above 1990 levels in comparison to a conservative business as usual projection for 2010 of a 25-28.35% rise. The Department of Public Enterprise published a study on the ' Limitation and Reduction of CO2 ' and other Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Ireland, in June, 1998 to assist in the preparation of a comprehensive national strategy to meet our commitments. Following submissions from the public and a Discussion Forum in October 1998 the Minister for Environment and Local Government is developing the national Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy for Government approval. It is considered that the current very high rates of economic growth will present significant challenges to the achievement of Ireland objectives for greenhouses gas emission control. (b) Water Quality. Between 1971 and 1994 there has been an decrease in the length of seriously polluted rivers, however, there has also been a significant decrease of unpolluted river length and an major increase in the slight to moderately polluted length. Levels in 1994 are 71.2% unpolluted. 28.2% slight to moderate pollution and 0.67% seriously polluted. Equivalent figures for a sample of 135 lakes show 23% now showing eutrophication problems. The underlying trend of deterioration has continued into this reporting period. It is thought that this pattern is due to the improved water treatment of point source discharges of sewage and industrial wastes reducing the area affected by serious pollution being offset by eutrophication due to small point source and diffuse discharges. To counteract this trend a major catchment based initiative the detailed aims of which was set out in 'Managing Ireland Rivers and Lakes' was launched by the Department of Environment and Local Government in 1997. This initiative is being co-funded through the EU Cohesion fund and now involves 5 water catchments in addition to the Shannon Catchment, which is by far the largest catchment in Ireland. These schemes will cost in the region of £120 million primarily on investment on wastewater infrastructure including phosphorous removal. The minimum aims of the initiative are briefly within 10 years. (a) To avoid any further disimprovement in surface water quality. (b) To improve all seriously polluted river stretches to at least moderately polluted status. (c) To improve rivers channels suffering from slight or moderate pollution by one increment on the Biological Quality Rating Index. (d) To improve all eutrophic or hypertrophic lakes to mesotrophic or eutrophicic status respectively. The long term objective is to return all lakes and rivers to a non-polluted status i.e. at least mesotrophic status or to oligotrophic status if that was their original condition. The main indicators for assessing achievement of there objections are the Biological Quality Rating Index ( based on invertebrates ) for rivers, Trophic Status Index for lakes and associated specified phosphorus concentrations. The target levels for both lakes and rivers have been formally adapted under Regulation (S.I. No. 258 of 1998 Local Government ( Water Pollution )) Act 1997 (Water Quality Standards for Phosphorus) ( Regulations 1998 ). In general unless local conditions dictate otherwise the fishery objective use category adopted will be at for salmonid water quality. A discussion document on the establishment of environmental quality objectives for the aquatic environment has been published by the EPA and they are also carrying out work on environmental indicators. Acidification of waters due to air pollution is generally not a problem in Ireland except in some upland areas on the east coast. However, there is concern that conifer afforestation on poorly buffered soils and peats can give rise to lowered pH. and increase aluminium levels which impact adversely on fish and invertebrate populations. In addition inappropriate or poorly planned afforestation, associated drainage and clear felling can give rise to increased erosion and sedimentation. These problems have lead to the production of guidelines on forestry in relation to fisheries and landscape and the identification of acid sensitive areas for fisheries. These guidelines are currently being reviewed. Grant aid for private afforestation is contingent on adherence to the guidelines. The EPA has established a working group to review research on the impact of afforestation on water quality and the effectiveness of existing guidelines in protecting sensitive surface waters against acidification and enrichment. This work will be considered in revised guidelines for afforestation. The protection of water quality is an important consideration in the development of '' Codes of Best Forest Practice'' associated with the proposed national sustainable forestry plan which is now being developed. In estuarine, and coastal and marine areas of Ireland pollution and eutrophication are usually localised and often of short duration. These problems usually arise from land based discharges, mainly of sewage or industrial origin, dumping from ships or, on a very localised basis, from aquacultural activities. Ireland ratified the convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic ( the OSPAR convention) in 1998. This requires contracting parties to take all possible steps to prevent and eliminate pollution of the marine environment. As required under the Convention a Quality Status Report for the Irish and Celtic seas and the seas west of Scotland and Ireland is being prepared in co-operation with the U.K.. The Dumping at Sea Act 1996 is now regulating all dumping at sea and sewage sludge disposal at sea is being discontinued. Under the Harbours Act 1996
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