Thomas Chimes Thomas Chimes Into the White

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Thomas Chimes Thomas Chimes Into the White thomas chimes thomas chimes Into the White Anna-Maria Ehrmann-Schindlbeck Katerina Koskina Donald Kuspit Michael R. Taylor may 17 – june 16, 2013 galerie der stadt tuttlingen tuttlingen, germany september 30 – november 17, 2013 benaki museum athens, greece Contents / Inhalt 7 Thomas Chimes – Einsamer Grenzgänger zwischen Zeiten und Welten Anna-Maria Ehrmann-Schindlbeck 21 Thomas Chimes – Lonely Border-Crosser between Epochs and Worlds Anna-Maria Ehrmann-Schindlbeck 36 Plates 82 Painting as Catharsis Katerina Koskina 85 Malen als Katharsis Katerina Koskina 89 Thomas Chimes: Into the White Michael R. Taylor 91 Thomas Chimes: Ins Weiße hinein Michael R. Taylor 94 Pataphysician, Heal Thy Self: Thomas Chimes’ Paintings Donald Kuspit 104 Patapysiker, heile Dich selbst: Thomas Chimes’ Gemälde Donald Kuspit 118 List of Illustrations 120 Chronology 124 Exhibition History and Selected Bibliography 7 THOMAS CHIMES – Einsamer Grenzgänger zwischen Zeiten und Welten „To get to the future you go to the past. To get to the past you go to the future.” Thomas Chimes Eine Besonderheit der Kunst Amerikas ist, dass sie an europäische Vorbilder anknüpft und doch gleichzeitig Neuland betritt. Thomas Chimes (1921–2009) steht vollkommen in dieser Tradition. Mit ihm stellen wir einen Künstler vor, der auf vielfältige Weise mit der europäischen Kultur verbunden ist und mit seiner Kunst eine neue Synthese aus alter und neuer Welt herstellt. Wiewohl Zeitgenosse der markanten neuen Strömungen des Min- imalismus und der Pop Art, die von Amerika ausgingen, entschied Chimes sich früh in seiner Laufbahn für seinen eigenen Weg abseits des Mainstream. In Serien gemalter Porträts suchte Chimes die geistige Zwiesprache mit (meist eu- ropäischen) Künstlern und Autoren, die er als seelenverwandt betrachtete, und verewigte seine persönlichen Heroen auf eigene, charakteristische Weise: in den 70er Jahren durch eine beeindruckende Serie von 48 sepiafarbenen, in Öl gemalten Porträts, die er mit schweren, selbst gefertigten Holzrahmen versah, und ab Beginn der 80er Jahre durch die rätselhaften White Paintings, die ihn bis ans Ende seines Lebens beschäftigten. Die Intention von Chimes‘ Porträtserien ist derjenigen vergleichbar, die Charles Baudelaires (1821–1867) berühmtem Gedicht „Les Phares“ (Die Leuchttürme) zugrunde liegt, in dem der Autor – nur eben in Worten - die von ihm bewunderten alten Meister der Kunst in poetischen Bildern beschwört. Durch die Wahl seiner Bildmotive macht Chimes deutlich, dass ihn Figuren faszinierten, die in vielerlei Hinsicht Grenzgänger waren und in ihrer Zeit geistiges Neuland betraten. So verwundert es nicht, dass die Avantgardisten des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts, vor allem die Autoren Alfred Jarry (1873–1907), Antonin Artaud (1896–1948) und James Joyce (1882–1941) für Chimes eine hervorgehobene Rolle spielten. Auch verwundert es nicht, dass Chimes eine Affinität zu dem geheimnisvollen Schrifts- teller Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849) verspürte, der einige Jahre seines Lebens in Philadel- 2 Thomas Chimes in his studio, Philadelphia, 1998 8 EINSAMER GRENZGÄNGER ZWISCHEN ZEITEN UND WELTEN EINSAMER GRENZGÄNGER ZWISCHEN ZEITEN UND WELTEN 9 phia, der Heimatstadt Chimes‘, verbracht hatte. In der Welt der bildenden Kunst sind so gegensätzliche Künstler wie der Realist Thomas Eakins (1844–1916) und der Dadaist Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968) seine Inspirationsquellen, deren Werke er vorzugsweise im Phila- delphia Museum of Art aufsuchte. Verankert in der Gegenwart Auf der anderen Seite sind die Geisteshaltung und die Kunst des Einzelgängers Thom- as Chimes auf vielfältige Weise mit seiner eigenen Zeit, seiner persönlichen Biographie und mit konkreten, anschaulich nachvollziehbaren Beziehungen zu seinem Lebensort verknüpft. Der geliebte Schuylkill River nimmt eine mythische Dimension an, wenn sein Ufer zum Schauplatz der gemeinsam mit dem Schriftsteller Stephen Berg realisierten ortspezifischen Arbeit „Sleeping Woman“ (1991) wird. Schemenhaft taucht ferner die Me- morial Hall (1876, erbaut zum hundertjährigen Jubiläum der Declaration of Independence und Teil der ersten Weltausstellung auf amerikanischem Boden) in einer Serie von White Paintings auf und ruft mit ihren vertrauten Umrissen die Erinnerung an etwas in der Re- alität Lokalisierbares wach. Weitere konkrete Impulse bezog er aus persönlichen Begeg- nungen in seinem Umfeld, so mit Wissenschaftlern wie dem Kunsthistoriker Alfred H. Barr Jr. (1902–1981, erster Direktor des Museum of Modern Art, New York), der von Chimes zwei Gemälde und eine Zeichnung erworben hatte und mit dem er ein ausgeprägtes Interesse an Henri Matisse und Pablo Picasso teilte, oder etwa mit der Romanistin Bettina L. Knapp, für deren Buch „Antonin Artaud: Man of Vision“ (erschienen 1969) er den Einband gestalt- et hatte. Ebenso ist ein Vortrag des berühmten Kommunikationstheoretikers Herbert Mar- shall McLuhan, den er im Jahr 1966 an der University of Pennsylvania hörte, in bestimmter Hinsicht wegweisend für seine Auffassung von der Rolle des Künstlers im Zeitalter der rasanten technischen Entwicklung (McLuhan hatte in seinem Buch „The Gutenberg Gal- axy“ von 1962 den heute vielzitierten Begriff vom „global village“ geprägt). Und schließlich kommt in der Serie der beeindruckend materialgerecht verarbeiteten Metal Boxes sowie in seinem generellen Anspruch an handwerkliche Perfektion seine im Jahr 1942 an der Pal- metto School of Aeronautics in Columbia, South Carolina, begonnene Ausbildung zum Flugzeugmechaniker zum Tragen. Auch Ereignisse des Privatlebens von Chimes lassen sich mit seinem Werk in 3 Alfred Jarry, 1986–88 oil on linen, 52 x 60 inches PENNSYLVANIA CONVENTION CENTER AUTHORITY, PHILADELPHIA 10 EINSAMER GRENZGÄNGER ZWISCHEN ZEITEN UND WELTEN EINSAMER GRENZGÄNGER ZWISCHEN ZEITEN UND WELTEN 11 Verbindung bringen. So zieht die Tren- nung von seiner Frau im Jahr 1979 nicht nur eine Schaffenskrise nach sich sondern auch den Aufbruch in eine neue Werkphase, nämlich die der sublimen White Paintings, die unglei- ch stärker als seine vorangegangenen Werke von einer jenseitigen Welt kün- den. Zu diesen privaten Einflüssen auf Chimes‘ Arbeit zählen zweifellos auch seine familiären Wurzeln in Griech- enland (seine Eltern waren von dort eingewandert), aus denen sich seine besondere Affinität zu Mythologie und Philosophie der Antike herleiten lässt. Nicht zufällig wendet er sich etwa mit James Joyce einem modernen Autor zu, der in seinem Romanwerk den zeitlosen Stoff der Odyssee aufgegriffen und für die Jetztzeit neu erzählt hat: Mann lässt Frau zurück, um die Kämpfe des Lebens zu bestehen, gerät aber beim Sammeln von Erfahrungen und Erkenntnissen auf Irrwege. Eine tatsächliche Reise nach Griechenland, die Thomas Chimes im Jahr 1995 zusammen mit seinem Sohn Dimitri unternahm, führte wiederum zu einem ganzen Werkkomplex, in dem Umrisse von Landkarten mit Fokus auf den Mittelmeerraum auftauchen. Wurzeln in der Romantik Mit unermüdlichem Forscherdrang erschloss sich Thomas Chimes seine Welt, in der nichts zufällig und alles gleichermaßen stark gedanklich durchdrungen scheint. Aus Quellen wie Texten, Bildern, Begebenheiten und Gesprächen gewann er Destillate, die er weiterverar- beitete und die ihn in neue Gefilde führten. Auch wenn der Direktbezug zu den deutschen Frühromantikern nicht nachweisbar ist, nimmt Chimes – indirekt über die französischen Symbolisten und Surrealisten – die durch Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg (1772–1801), 4 Alfred Jarry (Departure from the Present), 1973 5 Alfred Jarry (Departure from the Present - Memory), 1973 oil on wood panel, 24 1/2 x 19 7∕8 inches oil on wood panel, 24 1/4 x 19 3∕8 inches PRIVATE COLLECTION PRIVATE COLLECTION 12 EINSAMER GRENZGÄNGER ZWISCHEN ZEITEN UND WELTEN EINSAMER GRENZGÄNGER ZWISCHEN ZEITEN UND WELTEN 13 einem frühen Vertreter der Romantik, begründete Synthese von Kunst und Wissenschaft Bezugsfelder in Realität und Fiktion auf. Jener hatte sich den programmatischen Künstlernamen Novalis gegeben, was soviel bedeutet wie „der Neuland Bestellende“. Er war universalistischer Denker, Dichter und Thomas Chimes ist – wie sich aus all dem Naturforscher in einem und wusste sein Leben mit großem Schaffensdrang zu erfüllen. ergibt – ein Ideosynkratiker,1 ein unberechen- In seiner 1798 herausgegebenen Fragmentsammlung „Blütenstaub“ ging er dem Wech- bar Eigenwilliger par excellence, der seinen selspiel von Innen und Außen, Individuum und Gesellschaft, Subjekt und Kosmos nach persönlichen Kosmos aus Quellen unter- und notierte einen Schlüsselsatz der Romantik, der geradewegs auf den Kern von Thomas schiedlichster Art und verschiedenster Ep- Chimes‘ Kunst verweist: „Wir träumen von Reisen durch das Weltall: ist denn nicht das ochen speist. Aus der Synergie verschiedener Weltall in uns? Die Tiefen des Geistes kennen wir nicht. Nach Innen geht der geheimnis- Einflüsse bildnerischer, literarischer und volle Weg. In uns oder nirgends ist die Ewigkeit mit ihren Welten, die Vergangenheit und persönlicher Art ergibt sich ein originelles Zukunft.“ und unverwechselbares Werk, das in einen weiten kulturellen Kontext eingebettet ist. In Grenzüberschreitung der Wissensgebiete Kategorien der Zeitlichkeit gesprochen, die immer unausgesprochen reflektiert wird, ist Der Ansatz, in dieser Weise die Grenzen der Wissensgebiete zu überschreiten und sie mit sein Werk im Zwischenbereich von Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft angesiedelt, der eigenen Vorstellungskraft aufzuladen, ist in dem Begriff der „Pataphysik“ zu finden, es fühlt sich keiner dieser Kategorien verbunden und relativiert sie alle: „To get
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