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Clock Movements and Accessories Including Hands, Dials, Dial Markers and Numerals, and Dial and Bezel Assemblies
The Switch is ON! QUARTZ BATTERY CLOCK MOVEMENT AT BALANCE WHEEL PRICES! M81A Actual Size Near Pure Accuracyf Proven Reliability! • 4,194,304 Hz Quartz Crystal Oscillator • Accurate to±... 1 minute a year (59°F to 77°F) • Operational Range 14°F to 122°F • Slide switch, exact to the second setting • Movement Size: 2-7/8 x 2-3/8 x 1-1/8 inches. • Runs over a year on a standard "C" cell The M81 A is a powerhouse! It converts the battery's electrical energy into torque to drive the hands more than twice as efficiently as a transistorized balance wheel movement. By any standard of comparison the M81 A is the superlative movement. I TWO YEAR GUARANTEE I Prices INCLUDE Hands, Mounting Nuts, Hangers, etc. 1 or 2 @ ......... $8.50 each 3 to 9@ ......... $7.50 each 25@ $6.25each 10 to 24@ ....... $7.00 each Add 25 ¢each for second hands. Add $1.50 per order for shipping to 48 states. NEW CATALOG No. 179 illustrates our battery powered clock movements and accessories including hands, dials, dial markers and numerals, and dial and bezel assemblies. COST $1.00, or FREE ON REQUEST WITH ORDER FOR M81A MOVEMENTS. Copyright © 19 7 9 . Reproduction in whole or part without ex press written permission o f the Cas-Ker Co. is prohibited. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN WATCHMAKERS INSTITUTE VOLUME 3, NUMBER 7 JULY 1979 ORVILLE R. HAGANS 4 THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Leslie L. Smith GERALD G. JAEGER THE WATCH CELL is elected president 6 by the A WI Board MAR YIN E. -
Phenomenal Gemstones Possess Striking Optical Effects, Making Them Truly a Sight for Sore Eyes
THE PHENOMENAL PROPERTIES OF GEMS Phenomenal gemstones possess striking optical effects, making them truly a sight for sore eyes. Here is GIA’s guide to understanding what makes each phenomenon so uniquely brilliant. ASTERISM CROSSING BANDS OF REFLECTED LIGHT CREATE A SIX-RAYED STAR-LIKE APPEARANCE. ASTERISM OCCURS IN THE DOME OF A CABOCHON, AND CAN BE SEEN IN GEMS LIKE RUBIES AND SAPPHIRES. ADULARESCENCE THE SAME SCATTERING OF LIGHT THAT MAKES THE SKY BLUE CREATES A MILKY, BLUISH-WHITE GLOW, LIKE MOONLIGHT SHINING THROUGH A VEIL OF CLOUDS. MOONSTONE IS THE ONLY GEM THAT DISPLAYS IT. AVENTURESCENCE FOUND IN NATURAL GEMS LIKE SUNSTONE FELDSPAR AND AVENTURINE QUARTZ, IT DISPLAYS A GLITTERY EFFECT CAUSED BY LIGHT REFLECTING FROM SMALL, FLAT INCLUSIONS. CHATOYANCY OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE “CAT’S EYE” EFFECT, BANDS OF LIGHT ARE CAUSED BY THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT FROM MANY PARALLEL, NEEDLE-LIKE INCLUSIONS INSIDE A CABOCHON. NOTABLE GEMS THAT DISPLAY CHATOYANCY INCLUDE CAT’S EYE TOURMALINE AND CAT’S EYE CHRYSOBERYL. IRIDESCENCE ALSO SEEN IN SOAP BUBBLES AND OIL SLICKS, IT’S A RAINBOW EFFECT THAT IS CREATED WHEN LIGHT IS BROKEN UP INTO DIFFERENT COLORS. LOOK FOR IT IN FIRE AGATE AND OPAL AMMONITE (KNOWN BY THE TRADE AS AMMOLITE). LABR ADORESCENCE A BROAD FLASH OF COLOR THAT APPEARS IN LABRADORITE FELDSPAR, IT’S CAUSED BY LIGHT INTERACTING WITH THIN LAYERS IN THE STONE, AND DISAPPEARS WHEN THE GEM IS MOVED. INSIDER’S TIP: THE MOST COMMON PHENOMENAL COLOR IN LABRADORITE IS BLUE. PLAY OF COLOR THE FLASHING RAINBOW-LIKE COLORS IN OPAL THAT FLASH AT YOU AS YOU TURN THE STONE OR MOVE AROUND IT. -
Star Stones (Asterism)
Learning Series: Basic Rockhound Knowledge Star Stones (Asterism) When parallel, needle-like inclusions, or tube-like channels, are oriented along two or more of the crystal faces of a mineral, and when that stone is cut as a domed cabochon, a four- to six-rayed figure is displayed on the dome. This phenomenon of reflected light is called "asterism" and the gems are called star stones. The most commonly seen examples are star corundums; where there are inclusions of titanium oxide (rutile or "silk") parallel to three crystal faces giving a six-rayed star. In rare cases, a twinned crystal slightly offset with its own set of rutile needles can lead to the formation of a twelve-rayed star. Although rutile is an extremely common inclusion in sapphire, few good, natural, star sapphires are found. One of the major reasons is that the heating, which is almost universally done to sapphire rough, dissolves rutile needles; clarifying and sometimes color enhancing the stone, yes, but eliminating potential stars! [Rutile needles (silk) aligned in three directions in unheated corundum] [Star ruby, white star sapphire ring, rare bi-colored star sapphire] The only other gem which commonly forms stars is quartz, where the phenomenon tends to be more visible in transmitted than in reflected light. In this species, rose quartz is the most frequently asterated variety. Most citrine in commerce has been heated, which tends to dissolve the fine rutile inclusions necessary for star formation, so it is rather rare. In fine, near-transparent quartzes which have been cut to a spherical shape, multiple stars can form an intersecting pattern over the surface. -
Mining, Geology, and Geological History of Garnet at the Barton Garnet Mine, Gore Mountain, New York William Kelly
6: RARE EARTH ELEMENT AND YTTRIUM MINERAL OCCURENCES IN THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS 7 MINING, GEOLOGY, AND GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF GARNET AT THE BARTON GARNET MINE, GORE MOUNTAIN, NEW YORK WILLIAM KELLY New York State Geologist, Emeritus, Division of Research and Collections, New York State Museum, Albany, NY 12230, [email protected] KEYWORDS: Garnet, Mining, Gore Mountain, Metamorphism, Lyon Mountain Granite ABSTRACT Garnet megacrysts commonly 30 centimters (cm) ranging up to 1 meter (m) in diameter occur at the summit of Gore Mountain, Adirondacks, NY and were mined there for abrasives for more than a century. The mine, owned by Barton Mines Co., LLC, is roughly 2 km x 150 m and is located in a hornblende-rich garnet amphibolite at the southern boundary of a metamorphosed olivine gabbro body that is in fault contact with charnockite. Barton supplies garnet, a chemically homogeneous pyrope-almandine, to the waterjet cutting, lapping, and abrasive coatings industries. The garnet megacrysts are reliably dated at 1049 ± 5 Ma. The growth of the garnet megacrysts was facilitated by an influx of hydrothermal fluid emanating from the ore body’s southern boundary fault. The fluids were most probably associated with the intrusion of the Lyon Mountain Granite (1049.9 ± 10 Ma) and/or associated pegmatitic rocks late in the tectonic history of the Adirondacks. INTRODUCTION The Adirondack Mountains in upstate New York are a small outlier of a larger body of rocks of similar age and geologic history that is located to the north in Canada. The Adirondack region can be loosely divided into amphibolite metamorphic facies Lowlands, in the northwest, and the granulite facies Central Highlands, which are 86 THE ADIRONDACK JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES VOLUME 21 87 7: MINING, GEOLOGY, AND GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF GARNET AT THE BARTON GARNET MINE, GORE MOUNTAIN, NEW YORK separated by a very large, northwest-dipping fault zone. -
UNITED J STATES PATENT OFFICE
Patented Nov. 15, 1949 ’ 2,488,507 UNITED j STATES PATENT OFFICE , SYNTHETIC STAR RUBIES AND STAR SAP PHIRES, AND PROCESS FOR‘ PRODUCING SAME John N. Burdick and John w. Glenn, Jr., Ken more, N. Y., assignors to The Linde Air Prod ucts Company, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Application August 27, 1947, Serial No. 770,942 19 Claims. (01. 63-82) 1 This invention relates to a process for develop Other-objects are to provide a process for ing asterism in natural and synthetic corundum developing asterism in single crystals of ruby. crystals, such as crystals of ruby and sapphire, and sapphire containing oxide of titanium; to which contain oxide of titanium dissolved in provide a process for obtaining star ruby and alumina. The invention is also concerned with .star sapphire gemstones from non-asteriated asteriated single crystals of synthetic corundum single crystals of ruby and sapphire containing as articles of manufacture, for example synthetic oxide of titanium; and to provide a process for star rubies and star sapphires. intensifying asterism inasteriated ruby and sap For more than thirty years massive nongran phire crystals. ular synthetic rubies and sapphires of gem qual 10 The term “massive non-granular,” as used ity have been produced commercially on a large herein, is intended to designate singlev crystals scale by the process of Verneuil, as disclosed in as distinguished from‘ a sintered or agglomerated U. S. Patents 988,230 and 1,004,505. In that proc mass of granules. Moreover, this term is further } ess powdered alumina, with or without small intended to designate crystals which are larger percentages of coloring oxides, drops through 15 than such tiny particles or granules of corundum an oxy-h'ydrogen ?ame, fuses, and accumulates as are commonly employed in abrasives, those on a refractory support until a long, narrow, crystals designated by the term “massive non approximately cylindrical boule of the desired granular” being, indeed, large enough to be used size is formed. -
Definition of a Mineral Each Mineral Species Has Unique and Identifiable Physical Properties. Form and Habit Terms (Crystal Grow
Definition of a Mineral • A mineral is a naturally occurring, • homogeneous solid with a Physical Properties of Minerals • definite, but not fixed, composition, and Color, shape, density, • an ordered atomic arrangement that is hardness, etc • formed by inorganic processes. • A mineral is a natural, crystalline phase. Form and Habit Terms Each mineral species has (Crystal Growth Forms) unique and identifiable • Prismatic (well developed prism physical properties. faces) (Pyramidal) • Form and habit (Shape) • Columnar (Irregular prism faces) • Luster • Acicular (needle-like) • Color and Streak • Botryoidal (rounded growth surface) • Cleavage and Fracture • Tabular (Platey) • Hardness • Stellate (Radiating) • Density • Fibrous (fibers, asbestiform) • Tenacity • Dendritic (tree-like) Acicular Fibrous 1 Dendritic Dendritic Radiating Radiating Bladed Botryoidal 2 Prismatic Luster and Transparency • Luster • Transparency – Metallic – Opaque – Resinous – Translucent (waxy) – Transparent – Pearly – Greasy – Adamantine – Vitreous Metallic Adamantine Color and Streak • The reflectance color of minerals is strongly affected by transition metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu). (Also rare earths) Vitreous Pearly • Color in hand specimen may not be diagnostic. • Color in streak generally indicates presence of iron or other transition metals. Chatoyance, Asterism, Asterism: Star Sapphire and Luminescence • Chatoyance and asterism are optical effects due to diffraction of light from small inclusions. • Luminescence is emission of light. – Visible or UV (black light) – Tribo-luminescence: glow when rubbed – Cathodo-luminescence is emission of light from electron bombardment 3 Cleavage and Fracture Hardness What scratches what? • Crystals tend to break on planes of • 1. Talc 6. Orthoclase weakness. • 2. Gypsum 7. Quartz – Cleavage: perfect – Parting: irregular • 3. Calcite 8. Topaz – Hackly: very irregular • 4. Fluorite 9. -
Volume 35 / No. 1 / 2016
GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 35 / No. 1 / 2016 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Save the date Gem-A Conference Saturday 5 and Sunday 6 November 2016 Visit www.gem-a.com for the latest information Join us. The Gemmological Association of Great Britain, 21 Ely Place, London, EC1N 6TD, UK. T: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 F: +44 (0)20 7404 8843. Registered charity no. 1109555. A company limited by guarantee and registered in England No. 1945780. Registered Office: 3rd Floor, 1-4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD. Conference_03-2016_March-April_Save The Date_A4.indd 1 12/04/2016 10:44:17 Contents GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 35 / No. 1 / 2016 COLUMNS p. 22 1 What’s New DiamondDect for diamond identification|Triple D photo kit|Upgraded Diamond- View|Variofoc LED lighting system|AGTA Tucson seminars| Responsible sourcing of coloured stones report|World Gold Council report|GSJ 2015 Annual Meeting abstracts|ICGL Newsletter|Large CVD synthetic diamond seen p. 64 by HRD Antwerp|MAGI diamond type report|SSEF Facette|Updated Journal cumulative index|Wyoming jade report|GemeSquare app and GemePrice 5.0|Historical reading lists|Hyperion inclusion search engine|Gems from the French Crown Jewels exhibit ARTICLES 6 Gem Notes Apatite from Iran|Purple apa- Feature Articles tite from Namibia|Cordierite from Madagascar|Emerald 28 Characterization of Oriented Inclusions in Cat’s-eye, and pyrite mixture from Co- Star and Other Chrysoberyls lombia|Garnet from Mahenge, By Karl Schmetzer, Heinz-Jürgen Bernhardt and H. Albert Gilg Tanzania|Grandidierite from -
Jog 35 5.Pdf
GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 35 / No. 5 / 2017 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Contents GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 35 / No. 5 / 2017 COLUMNS p.386 373 What’s New Multi-colour-temperature lamp|PL-Inspector|AGTA report on Myanmar|ASEAN Gem & p. 388 Jewelry Review|Atypical pearl culturing in P. maxima|Conflict diamonds and Cameroon| Diamond origin identification using fluorescence|Global Diamond Industry 2016|ICGL Klaus Schollenbruch photo Newsletter|Japanese journal online|Raman spectrometer sensitivity|Gold demand trends 2016|Agate Expo DVDs|AGTA ARTICLES 2017 Tucson seminars|Color- Jeff Scovil photo Codex colour referencing system| Feature Articles GemeSquare and MyGem- ewizard apps|Gemewizard 404 Synthetic Emeralds Grown by W. Zerfass: Historical monitor calibration kit|Fabergé Account, Growth Technology, and Properties online|Reopening of The Lap- By Karl Schmetzer, H. Albert Gilg and Elisabeth Vaupel worth Museum of Geology 378 Practical Gemmology 416 Rethinking Lab Reports for the Geographical Moonstone mystery Origin of Gems By Jack M. Ogden 380 Gem Notes Red beryl matrix cabochons| Gemmological Briefs Ceruleite from Chile|Yellow danburite from Namalulu, 424 Fake Pearls Made from Tridacna gigas Shells Tanzania|Emerald from By Michael S. Krzemnicki and Laurent E. Cartier Ethiopia|Vivid purplish pink fluorite from Illinois, USA| 430 Large 12-Rayed Black Star Sapphire from Sri Lanka Colourless forsterite from with Asterism Caused by Ilmenite Inclusions Vietnam|Sapphire from By Thanh Nhan Bui, Pascal Entremont and Jean-Pierre Gauthier Ambatondrazaka, Madagascar| Colour-change scorodite from 436 Tsumeb, Namibia|Stichtite| Excursions Zoned type IaB/IIa diamond| Mogok, Myanmar: November 2016 Synthetic star ruby 444 Conferences AGA Tucson|GIT|Jewelry Industry Summit Cover Photo: High-quality rubies, sapphires 450 Letters and emeralds are typically ac- companied by geographical origin reports from gemmologi- 451 Gem-A Notices cal laboratories, as discussed on pp. -
CHAPTER 6 Physical Properties of Minerals
CHAPTER 6 Physical Properties of Minerals Introduction to Mineralogy, William D. Nesse Copyright © 2012, by Oxford University Press, Inc. Second edition Physical Properties of Minerals • Physical properties of minerals are controlled by chemical composition and structure • So, samples of same minerals exhibit the same properties • Thus physical properties can be used to identify minerals • Physical properties can be grouped into four categories Introduction to Mineralogy, William D. Nesse Copyright © 2012, by Oxford University Press, Inc. Second edition Properties based on 1.Mass (density and specific gravity) 2.Mechanical cohesion (hardness, tenacity, cleavage, fracture and parting) 3.Interaction with light (luster, color, streak, lumnescence) 4.Other Properties (magnetism, electrical etc) Introduction to Mineralogy, William D. Nesse Copyright © 2012, by Oxford University Press, Inc. Second edition Density • Density() : mass (m) per unit volume (v) = m/v (g/cm3) • Specific Gravity (G) = density of a material divided by the density of water at 4C G = /H2O is unit less because G is the ratio of two densities. – Since the density of water is 1 g/cm3, the numerical value of density and specific gravity are same in metric system Introduction to Mineralogy, William D. Nesse Copyright © 2012, by Oxford University Press, Inc. Second edition Specific Gravity • Specific Gravity depends on the chemical composition and how tightly the atoms are packed • Packing Index how tightly the ions are packed in a mineral: PI = (VI/Vc ) * 100 Where Vc is the unit cell volume and VI is the actual volume of the ions based on their ionic radii • Maximum packing index for a close packed structure of uniform spheres is 74% -- most minerals have values between 35 and 74 • Minerals formed at high pressure has higher PI : – Kyanite PI = 60.1 and G = 3.6 Andalusite PI= 52.3 and G = 3.1 • G depends on the composition also. -
Schönstes Deutsches Handwerk Collection
COLLECTION SCHÖNSTES DEUTSCHES HANDWERK COLLECTION SCHÖNSTES DEUTSCHES HANDWERK 2 PREFACE Welcome to Glashütte, the cradle of German By reinterpreting traditional craftsmanship watchmaking artistry and – for nearly ten years with modern resources, we can migrate now – once again the home of a great name: Moritz Grossmann's vision into the present. In Moritz Grossmann. His lifetime in Glashütte just under ten years, we have revived Moritz lasted from 1854 until 1885. Here, the gifted Grossmann’s legendary pioneering spirit by horologist, technician, inventor, and cosmopo- embodying precise functionality and unique lite became an entrepreneur and co-founded serviceability in our work. The MORITZ the watchmaking industry in Glashütte. GROSSMANN GLASHÜTTE I/SA brand stands for "Schönstes deutsches Handwerk" since In the 19th century, Moritz Grossmann already 1854. developed remarkably far-sighted ideas. For us, his vision of a simple but mechanically We wish you pleasant moments as you browse flawless timepiece has lost none of its fascina- the following pages. By offering you exciting tion. More than one hundred years later, this insights into our work, we hope to arouse your pioneer keeps inspiring us to rediscover and enthusiasm for Moritz Grossmann’s watchma- breathe new life into his rich heritage. king artistry just like it inspires us afresh day after day. The new era of Moritz Grossmann as a brand began in 2008 with the establishment of our Cordially yours, manufacture in homage to his tradition. No machine can ever achieve the precision and virtuosity of genuine craftsmanship. With this knowledge, we entrust to the hands of our specialists every single step from plotting the blueprints, the manual crafting of hands, the finissage and decoration of every movement part to the final assembly process. -
Wear of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Against Synthetic Sapphire As Bearing Coating for Total Joint Replacements Kevin D
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Mechanical, Industrial & Systems Engineering Mechanical, Industrial & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications 2018 Wear of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene against Synthetic Sapphire as Bearing Coating for Total Joint Replacements Kevin D. Gemmell Jr. University of Rhode Island D.M.L. Meyer University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/mcise_facpubs Citation/Publisher Attribution K.D. Gemmell and D.M.L. Meyer. Wear of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene against Synthetic Sapphire as Bearing Coating 7/8 for Total Joint Replacements . Res Dev Material Sci . 6(2). RDMS.000632.2018. DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2018.06.000632 Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.31031/RDMS.2018.06.000632 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mechanical, Industrial & Systems Engineering at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical, Industrial & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Research & Development in CRIMSON PUBLISHERS C Wings to the Research Material Science ISSN: 2576-8840 Research Article Wear of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene against Synthetic Sapphire as Bearing Coating for Total Joint Replacements Kevin D Gemmell, Jr and DML Meyer* Mechanical Engineering, The University of Rhode Island, USA *Corresponding author: DML Meyer, Thermomechanics Laboratory, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA, Tel: (401) 874-9292; Fax: (401) 874-2355; Email: Submission: April 27, 2018; Published: May 14, 2018 Abstract Materials commonly found in hip replacements are a polymer paired with metals or alloys. -
Rendering Precious Gems
RENDERING PRECIOUS AND SEMI-PRECIOUS GEMS PERSONAL REASONING Part of the research for my thesis – Glyptics Portrait Generator Glyptics is the art of producing engraved gems This seminar is the research of gemstone properties Roman Emperor Caracalla engraved in amethyst WHAT IS A GEM? A precious stone of any kind, esp. when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel. CLASSIFICATION Gemstones Precious Semi-precious CLASSIFICATION Precious only 4 gems Can you name them? CLASSIFICATION Precious only 4 gems • Emerald • Ruby • Sapphire • Diamond CLASSIFICATION • Agate Semi-precious • Alexandrite too many to list all of them here • Amethyst • Ametrine • Apatite • Aquamarine • Aventurine • Azurite… And those are not even all the gems, starting with an “A” GENERAL PROPERTIES GENERAL PROPERTIES • Refraction and sometimes birefringence • Produces dichroism (multi-coloring) and doubling GENERAL PROPERTIES • Refraction and sometimes birefringence • Internal reflections • Produce brilliance – light, reflected from the inside GENERAL PROPERTIES • Refraction and sometimes birefringence • Internal reflections • Dispersion • Produces fire – splitting light into colors of the spectrum GEMSTONE CUTTING Improper cutting affects internal reflectiveness => brilliance REFRACTIVE INDEX • Different gems have different refractive indices • In case of birefringence, gems have two refractive indices • Higher RI means higher brilliance • Diamond has a RI of 2.42, while ruby has 1.76 Refractometer – device for measuring refractive index SO… HOW TO RENDER THAT? SO… HOW TO