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Arsenic and Selenium in Soils and Shallow Ground Water in the Turtle

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Arsenic and Selenium in Soils and Shallow Ground Water in the Turtle ARSENIC AND SELENIUM IN SOILS AND SHALLOW GROUND WATER IN THE TURTLE LAKE, NEW ROCKFORD, HARVEY PUMPING, LINCOLN VALLEY, AND LaMOURE IRRIGATION AREAS OF THE GARRISON DIVERSION UNIT, NORTH DAKOTA By W.R. Berkas and S.C. Komor U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4205 Prepared in cooperation with the BUREAU OF RECLAMATION Bismarck, North Dakota 1996 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GORDON P. EATON, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information Copies of this report can be write to: purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Water Resources Division Box 2$286 821 East Interstate Avenue Denver, CO 80225-0286 Bismarck, ND 58501 CONTENTS Abstrat................................................................^ Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................2 Description of irrigation areas..............................................................................................................................3 Sample collection and analysis.............................................................................................................................5 Soil samples...................................................................................................................................................5 Water samples................................................................................................................................................? Quality assurance...........................................................................................................................................8 Geochemistry of arsenic and selenium ......................................................................................................................10 Arsenic and selenium in soils and shallow ground water..........................................................................................13 Turtle Lake irrigation area..................................................................................................................................13 Soil chemistry..............................................................................................................................................13 Water chemistry...........................................................................................................................................18 Arsenic and selenium occurrence................................................................................................................25 New Rockford irrigation area.............................................................................................................................25 Soil chemistry..............................................................................................................................................25 Water chemistry...........................................................................................................................................31 Arsenic and selenium occurrence................................................................................................................37 Harvey Pumping irrigation area..........................................................................................................................37 Soil chemistry ..............................................................................................................................................38 Water chemistry...........................................................................................................................................42 Arsenic and selenium occurrence................................................................................................................43 Lincoln Valley irrigation area.............................................................................................................................43 Soil chemistry ..............................................................................................................................................44 Water chemistry...........................................................................................................................................48 Arsenic and selenium occurrence................................................................................................................48 LaMoure irrigation area......................................................................................................................................49 Water chemistry...........................................................................................................................................49 Arsenic and selenium occurrence................................................................................................................50 Potential for arsenic and selenium mobilization in the Garrison Diversion Unit......................................................50 Arsenic and selenium concentrations in irrigation areas of the Garrison Diversion Unit and in other irrigation areas in the western United States..................................................................................................51 Summary and conclusions .........................................................................................................................................53 References...................................................................^^ SUPPLEMENTS 1. Methods of analysis and minimum reporting levels for soil samples.................................................................61 2. Methods of analysis and minimum reporting levels for extracts from a 1:5 soil-to-water extraction conducted on soil samples .................................................................................................................62 3. Methods of analysis and minimum reporting levels for water samples..............................................................63 4. Chemical analyses of soils in the Turtle Lake irrigation area.............................................................................64 5. Chemical analyses of soil horizons in the Turtle Lake irrigation area................................................................88 6. Results of analysis of variance on ranked soils data for the Turtle Lake irrigation area.................................. 100 7. Chemical analyses of soil extracts from the Turtle Lake irrigation area ..........................................................101 8. Chemical analyses of water from wells in the Turtle Lake irrigation area.......................................................106 9. Results of Wilcoxon's rank sum tests between the shallow and deep parts of the aquifer underlying the Turtle Lake irrigation area............................................................................................ 110 10. Chemical analyses of soils in the New Rockford irrigation area...................................................................... Ill 11. Chemical analyses of soil horizons in the New Rockford irrigation area.........................................................135 12. Results of analysis of variance on ranked soils data for the New Rockford irrigation area.............................153 13. Chemical analyses of soil extracts from the New Rockford irrigation area .....................................................154 Hi SUPPLEMENTS, Continued ! 14. Chemical analyses of water from wells and a drain in the New Rockford irrigation area............................... 159 15. Results of Wilcoxon's rank sum tests between the shallow and deep parts of the aquifer underlying the New Rockford irrigation area.......................................................................................163 16. Chemical analyses of soils in the Harvey Pumping irrigation area ..................................................................164 17. Chemical analyses of soil extracts from the Harvey Pumping irrigation area..................................................170 18. Chemical analyses of water from wells in the Harvey Pumping irrigation area ..............................................175 19. Chemical analyses of soils in the Lincoln Valley irrigation area......................................................................179 20. Chemical analyses of soil extracts from the Lincoln Valley irrigation area.....................................................185 21. Chemical analyses of water from wells in the Lincoln Valley irrigation area..................................................190 22. Chemical analyses of water from wells in theLaMoure irrigation area...........................................................194 FIGURES 1. Map showing location of irrigation areas of the Garrison Diversion Unit, North Dakota ...................................3 2. Graph showing mean monthly precipitation at Carrington, North ^Dakota (1951-80)..........................................4 3. Generalized glacial map of North Dakota ............................................................................................................6 4. Graph showing fields of stability for forms of arsenic as a function of Eh
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