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Distributed Ledger Technology Use Cases International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Technical Report TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR (1 AUG 2019) OF ITU ITU-T Focus Group on Application of Distributed Ledger Technology (FG DLT) Technical Report FG DLT D2.1 Distributed ledger technology use cases FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The procedures for establishment of focus groups are defined in Recommendation ITU-T A.7. Deliverables of focus groups can take the form of technical reports, specifications, etc., and aim to provide material for consideration by the parent group in its standardization activities. Deliverables of focus groups are not ITU-T Recommendations. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group established the ITU-T Focus Group on Application of Distributed Ledger Technology (FG DLT) in May 2017. FG DLT concluded and adopted its Deliverables on 1 August 2019. Type Number Title Technical Specification FG DLT D1.1 DLT terms and definitions Technical Report FG DLT D1.2 DLT overview, concepts, ecosystem Technical Report FG DLT D1.3 DLT standardization landscape Technical Report FG DLT D2.1 DLT use cases Technical Specification FG DLT D3.1 DLT reference architecture Technical Specification FG DLT D3.3 Assessment criteria for DLT platforms Technical Report FG DLT D4.1 DLT regulatory framework Technical Report FG DLT D5.1 Outlook on DLTs The FG DLT Deliverables are available on the ITU webpage, at https://itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/dlt/. For more information about FG DLT and its deliverables, please contact Martin Adolph (ITU) at [email protected]. ITU 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Technical Report FG DLT D2.1 Distributed ledger technology use cases FG DLT D2.1 (2019-08): DLT use cases i Summary This technical report is a deliverable of the ITU-T Focus Group on Application of Distributed Ledger Technology (FG DLT). It consolidates each of the real-world use cases gathered during the lifetime of FG DLT. The report also presents the knowledge extracted from these use cases, highlighting the competitive advantage brought by DLT to each use case, describing the main barriers to DLT adoption, and how new business models based on DLT can contribute to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals. Finally, it assesses how the use cases could benefit from a standardization effort. The uses cases are classified into two domains: vertical and horizontal. Each domain has classifications and sub-classifications. An Appendix provides an overview of the use cases considered by the Focus Group. The electronic attachment to this report contains additional details for each of the use cases. Keywords DLT; distributed ledger technology; ledger; blockchain; use cases Disclaimers (1) Tokens mentioned in this deliverable are only for the purpose of analysis of technical architecture and use cases. The Focus Group does not endorse any of these tokens, neither in their technical aspects nor as investments. (2) The editors have looked at use-cases selected at random under pre-defined criteria as examples of possible good use of DLT to support the SDGs. The inclusion of use-case example does not imply any endorsement of or judgment on the quality or applicability of the mentioned use-cases. Acknowledgements Name Affiliation Country Lead for Email clause(s) Austeja Bank of Lithuania Lithuania - [email protected] Sostakaite Denise Kera Universidad de Spain - [email protected] Salamanca Emilio European - - [email protected] Davila Commission Fiona Origin Chain Ireland - [email protected] Delaney Networks Hui Ding ChainComp China 6.5, 6.6 [email protected] Ingrid Barth Cosmos Brazil 6.1 [email protected] Inon Singulariteam Israel 9 [email protected] Schenker Technology Group Ismael Kunfud Spain - [email protected] Arribas José Antônio Independent Portugal - [email protected] Costa Consultant José BNDES Brazil 11 [email protected] Nogueira ii FG DLT D2.1 (2019-08): DLT use cases Name Affiliation Country Lead for Email clause(s) Kevin Emergent United States - [email protected] Cussen Technology Leonardo FGV IIU Brazil - [email protected] Neves Lisa Tan Economics United 6.4, 8 [email protected] Design Kingdom & Singapore Marcela Multiledgers Brazil 6.2 [email protected] Gonçalves Phil Griffin Griffin United States - [email protected] Information Security Richard Payment United States - [email protected] O’Brien Pathways Shahar Steiff PCCW Global China 5, 6.3, 10 [email protected] Virgínia Triangularity France - [email protected] Cram- SáRL Martos Yihui Zhang CAICT China 7 [email protected] Zongxiang CAICT China 4 [email protected] Li Editors: Suzana Mesquita de Borba Maranhão Tel: +55 21 993056325 Moreno E-mail: [email protected] BNDES Brazil Zongxiang Li Tel: +86 13269315577 CAICT E-mail: [email protected] China Skylar Hurwitz Tel: +1 215 792 4226 Jelurida and Demetrius Consulting E-mail: [email protected] Switzerland and the USA The editors express their appreciation to Martin Adolph and Gillian Makamara (both ITU) for the invaluable advice and support. They also thank Jörn Erbguth (University of Geneva), Tomas Malik (UN/CEFACT), Sahra Brean (Independent Consultant) and Suman Manandhar (ITU) for their thorough review and the comments provided. FG DLT D2.1 (2019-08): DLT use cases iii CONTENTS Page 1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 3 ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................................. 2 4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 3 5 THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF USING DLT IN APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES .................. 4 5.1 GENERAL BENEFITS ............................................................................................................................................... 4 5.2 TRANSPARENCY AND TRUST ................................................................................................................................. 4 5.3 SECURITY .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 5.4 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INCENTIVES ..................................................................................................................... 5 5.5 EFFICIENCY AND REDUCTION OF COMPLEXITY ...................................................................................................... 5 5.6 THE BENEFITS OF DISINTERMEDIATION ................................................................................................................. 6 5.7 IDENTITY MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 6 6 VERTICAL DOMAIN ........................................................................................................................................... 7 6.1 FINANCE ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 6.2 HEALTHCARE ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 6.2.1 Pharma ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 6.2.2 Biotechnology ............................................................................................................................................. 9 6.2.3 Medical records ........................................................................................................................................ 10 6.2.4 Fraud prevention in the healthcare system ............................................................................................... 10 6.3 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ................................................................................. 10 6.3.1 Retail services ........................................................................................................................................... 11 6.3.2 Wholesale services .................................................................................................................................... 11 6.3.3 IoT ............................................................................................................................................................. 13 6.4 ENTERTAINMENT:
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