The Interagency Weed Sentry Project PROJECT
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The Interagency Weed Sentry Project PROJECT REPORT 2008-2009 for Clark County, Nevada and the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan Agency/Organization: National Park Service-Lake Mead National Recreation Area Project Number: 2005-NPS-537-P Project Contact Name and Information: Alice Newton, Vegetation Mgt. Spec. Lake Mead National Recreation Area 601 Nevada Way Boulder City, NV 89005 Program Manager, Scott R. Abella Ph.D. Prepared by Jill E. Craig, Weed Sentry Coordinator Public Lands Institute University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 South Maryland Parkway Las Vegas, Nevada 89154 - 2040 RAJ / 280 M/S 2040 Phone: 702-895-4678 Fax: 702-895-5166 http://publiclands.unlv.edu/ TABLE OF CONTENTS PG. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 2 METHODS AND MATERIALS 5 RESULTS AND EVIDENCE OF RESULTS 17 Trends of exotic species distributions 26 Special projects Assessing an exotic plant surveying program in the Mojave Desert, Clark County, 58 Nevada, USA NPS Lake Mead National Recreation Area: Rana onca (rare frog) habitat surveys 59 A condition assessment of spring and seep vegetation on the Desert National 61 Wildlife Refuge, southern Nevada Effects of water and disturbance on establishment of Brassica and native annuals 63 Brassica tournefortii competition with native annuals 64 Factors affecting exotic annual plant cover and richness along roadsides in the 66 eastern Mojave Desert, USA Vegetation of grassy remnants in the Las Vegas Valley, southern Nevada 68 CONCLUSION 70 RECOMMENDATIONS 72 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 73 LITERATURE CITED 74 FIGURES Figure 1. Steps for “checking out” data from the Weed Sentry database onto GPS 7 units to be taken into the field. Figure 2. Settings for the Symbol MC-7094. 8 Figure 3. How to download data from the GPS unit onto the computer after a survey 14 has been completed. Figure 4. How to add a place name to the Geodatabase when a new area has been 16 surveyed. Figure 5. Map of surveys conducted during FY2008 & FY2009 within each federal 19 land management agency. Figure 6. Map of surveys conducted during FY2008 & FY2009 within Clark County 23 management categories as determined by the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan. Figure 7. Map of surveys conducted during FY2008 & FY2009 within generalized 25 Clark County ecosystems as designated by the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan. Figure 8. Distribution of ecosystems within Clark County, Nevada, USA. 30 Figure 9. Distribution of four species of Bromus within the Poaceae Family; Bromus 31 diandrus, Bromus inermis, Bromus tectorum and Bromus trinii. Figure 10. Map of occurrence of top invaders of Family Brassicaceae; Brassica 32 tourneforii, Descurainia sophia, Malcolmia africana and Sisymbrium irio. Figure 11. Map of occurrences of less frequently recorded species within the 33 Brassicaceae family. Figure 12. Distribution of select Fabaceae families throughout Clark County. 34 Figure 13. Distribution of Phoenix dactylifera and Washingtonia filifera. 35 Figure 14. Locations of the fourteen species that were only recorded a single time. 36 Figure 15. Locations of the twelve species that were recorded 2, 3, or 4 times. 37 Figure 16. Map of survey lines (by fiscal year) indicating areas which were surveyed 38 on each management agency’s land. NPS 537 D-10 Final Project Report 01152010 II Figure 17. Distribution of infestation points on BLM lands in the northwestern survey 41 area. Figure 18. Distribution of infestation points on BLM lands in the northeastern survey 42 area. Figure 19. Distribution of infestation points on BLM lands in the southwestern survey 43 area. Figure 20. Distribution of infestation points on BLM lands in the southeastern survey 44 area. Figure 21. Distribution of infestation points on NPS lands in the northeastern survey 47 area. Figure 22. Distribution of infestation points on NPS lands in the western survey area. 48 Figure 23. Distribution of infestation points on NPS lands in the southern survey area. 49 Figure 24. Distribution of infestation points on USFS lands. 52 Figure 25. Distribution of infestation points at USFWS Desert National Wildlife Refuge. 55 Figure 26. Distribution of infestation points on USFWS land (Corn Creek Visitor 56 Center). Figure 27. Distribution of 42 recorded Malcolmia africana infestation points at Desert 57 National Wildlife Refuge. Figure 28. Diagram of changes in species richness at each spring over a gradient of 62 20 m. Figure 29. The relationship between the abundance of Brassica tournefortii and 65 Phacelia fremontii. Figure 30. The relationship between abundance of Brassica tournefortii and Encelia 65 farinosa. Figure 31. Plant species richness of exotic species and by growth form for native 69 species for four sites in the Las Vegas Valley, southern Nevada. NPS 537 D-10 Final Project Report 01152010 III TABLES Table 1. List of agency contacts. 6 Table 2. Form for recording weed occurrences manually when the mapping-quality 10 GPS unit malfunctions. Table 3. Form to record weed herbicide treatments manually. 11 Table 4. Checklist of equipment to be kept in vehicles. 12 Table 5. Miles and acres surveyed within each federal land management agency 18 during 2008 and 2009. Table 6. Number of individuals of each exotic species that were controlled on BLM 20 lands during 2008 and 2009. Table 7. Number of individuals of each exotic species that were controlled on Lake 20 Mead NRA lands during 2008 and 2009. Table 8. Number of individuals of each exotic species that were controlled on USFS 21 lands during 2008 and 2009. Table 9. Number of individuals of each species controlled within the USFWS 21 boundaries during 2008 and 2009. Table 10. Miles and acres surveyed within each MSHCP management category during 22 2008 and 2009. Table 11. Miles and acres surveyed by Weed Sentry within each Clark County 24 ecosystem during 2008 and 2009, along with the total acres each ecosystem occupies. Table 12. Number of infestation points recorded for each exotic species. 28 Table 13. Number of exotic species within each plant family. 29 Table 14. Species identity and number of infestation points recorded on BLM lands 40 from 2004-2009. Table 15. Species identity and number of infestation points recorded on NPS lands 46 from 2004-2009. Table 16. Species identity and number of recorded infestations on USFS lands from 51 2004-2009. NPS 537 D-10 Final Project Report 01152010 IV Table 17. Recorded infestations at Willow Beach Fish Hatchery. 53 Table 18. Infestations recorded at Moapa restoration area. 54 Table 19. The identity and number of infestations recorded at Desert National Wildlife 54 Refuge from 2004-2009. APPENDICES APPENDIX 1. Weed Sentry early warning documents APPENDIX 2: FY2008 – FY2009 raw data APPENDIX 3. Supporting personnel for Weed Sentry APPENDIX 4. Assessing an exotic plant surveying program in the Mojave Desert, Clark County, Nevada, USA (manuscript) APPENDIX 5. Special project: A detailed explanation of NPS Lake Mead National Recreation Area Rana onca (rare frog) habitat surveys APPENDIX 6. Special project: A presentation about vegetation manipulations promoting suitable Rana onca habitat (oral presentation) APPENDIX 7. Special project: A condition assessment of spring and seep vegetation on the Desert National Wildlife Refuge, southern Nevada APPENDIX 8. Response of Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii) to soil disturbance and water addition in the eastern Mojave Desert (poster presentation) APPENDIX 9. Factors affecting exotic annual plant cover and richness along roadsides in the eastern Mojave Desert, USA (manuscript) APPENDIX 10. Vegetation of grassy remnants in the Las Vegas Valley, southern Nevada (manuscript) NPS 537 D-10 Final Project Report 01152010 V NPS 537 D-10 Final Project Report 01152010 VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The goal of the Interagency Weed Sentry Project was to proactively detect incipient invasive plant populations so they could be controlled or eradicated before they negatively impacted ecosystems and species of concern. The major objectives of the Interagency Weed Sentry Project were to: (1) identify and document the presence of new exotic invasive plant species; (2) document targeted incipient populations of weeds in Clark County or vectors outside of Clark County and determine their distribution; and (3) control incipient weed populations when feasible and prioritize areas for more extensive control efforts. The measurable objectives of the Interagency Weed Sentry Project were to survey for and document the locations of invasive plant populations, treat incipient populations, and record negative weed data. Data supplied by the Interagency Weed Sentry Project could provide land managers with a valuable tool to guide their management decisions. Knowing where new infestations were, how extensive they were and receiving recommendations on how to treat them enabled land managers to make informed decisions and control invasive plants before they became major problems. During the biennium, members of the Public Lands Institute at the UNLV and NPS personnel have accomplished the following: . Surveyed BLM (357 miles/2,788 acres), NPS (290 miles/2,257 acres), USFS (37 miles/243 acres) and USFWS (123 miles/861 acres) lands for weed infestations. Recorded 3,559 weed infestation points (each point represents a weed population which can range in size from one individual to >100,000 individuals). Treated invasive plant species on BLM (5,095 individuals of 14 species), NPS (44,790 individuals of 14 species), USFS (14,272 individuals of 7 species) and USFWS (1225 individuals of 8 species) lands. Produced trip reports and offered recommendations for weed control to BLM, NPS, USFS and USFWS land managers. Conducted seven special research projects, which produced presentations and publications. NPS 537 D-10 Final Project Report 01152010 1 INTRODUCTION The Interagency Weed Sentry Project (henceforth Weed Sentry), was designed in 2003 to act as an early detection, rapid response program for invasive weeds on Clark County public land; specifically: National Park Service (NPS), U.S. Forest Service (USFS), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands.